Poverty Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Relative poverty === {{See also|Relative deprivation|Economic inequality|Wealth concentration}} [[File:Economics Gini coefficient2.svg|thumb|Graphical representation of the [[Gini coefficient]], a common measure of inequality. The Gini coefficient is equal to the area marked ''A'' divided by the sum of the areas marked ''A'' and ''B'', that is, {{nowrap|Gini {{=}} ''A''/(''A'' + ''B'')}}.]] Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on [[social context]]. It is argued that the needs considered fundamental is not an objective measure<ref name="Innocenti2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.ca/sites/default/files/imce_uploads/DISCOVER/OUR%20WORK/ADVOCACY/DOMESTIC/POLICY%20ADVOCACY/DOCS/unicefreportcard10-eng.pdf|title=Measuring child poverty: New league tables of child poverty in the world's rich countries β UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre Report Card β number 10|first=Peter|last=Adamson|publisher=UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre|year=2012|location=Florence|access-date=19 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612021633/http://www.unicef.ca/sites/default/files/imce_uploads/DISCOVER/OUR%20WORK/ADVOCACY/DOMESTIC/POLICY%20ADVOCACY/DOCS/unicefreportcard10-eng.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="rep1964">{{cite report|title=Minority [Republican] views, p. 46 in U.S. Congress, Report of the Joint Economic Committee on the January 1964 Economic Report of the President with Minority and Additional Views|publisher=US Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|date=January 1964}}</ref> and could change with the custom of society.<ref name="AdamSmith1776">{{cite book|first=Adam|last=Smith|title=An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations|volume=5|year=1776|issue=22|author-link=Adam Smith }}</ref><ref name="Innocenti2012" /> For example, a person who cannot afford housing better than a small tent in an open field would be said to live in relative poverty if almost everyone else in that area lives in modern brick homes, but not if everyone else also lives in small tents in open fields (for example, in a [[nomadic tribe]]). Since richer nations would have lower levels of absolute poverty,<ref name="relativeBradshawInnocenti2012">{{cite report|first1=Jonathan|last1=Bradshaw|author-link=Jonathan Bradshaw|first2=Yekaterina|last2=Chzhen|first3=Gill|last3=Main|first4=Bruno|last4=Martorano|first5=Leonardo|last5=Menchini|author6=Chris de Neubourg|date=January 2012|title=Relative Income Poverty among Children in Rich Countries|series=Innocenti Working Paper|number=2012β01|publisher=UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre|location=Florence|url=http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/iwp_2012_01.pdf|issn=1014-7837|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-date=18 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218081719/http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/iwp_2012_01.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UNICEF2000">{{cite report |title = A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations β Innocenti Report Card No.1 |publisher = UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre |location = Florence }}</ref> relative poverty is considered the "most useful measure for ascertaining poverty rates in wealthy developed nations"<ref name="Raphael2009">{{cite journal|journal=Canadian Journal of Nursing Research|title=Poverty, Human Development, and Health in Canada: Research, Practice, and Advocacy Dilemmas|url=http://ingentaconnect.com/content/mcgill/cjnr/2009/00000041/00000002/art00002;jsessionid=3qnp6afbwou10.alexandra|volume=41|date=June 2009|pages=7β18|first=Dennis|last=Raphael|issue=2|pmid=19650510|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314094520/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcgill/cjnr/2009/00000041/00000002/art00002|archive-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Innocenti2005">{{cite report|publisher=[[UNICEF#Innocenti Research Centre|Innocenti Research Centre]]|year=2005|title=Child poverty in rich nations: Report card no. 6}}</ref><ref name="OECD2008">{{cite web|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)|year=2008|title=Growing unequal? Income distribution and poverty in OECD countries|url=http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/41527936.pdf|location=Paris|access-date=19 February 2016|archive-date=12 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312195836/http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/41527936.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UNDP2008">{{cite report|publisher=United Nations Development Program|year=2008|title=Human development report: Capacity development: Empowering people and institutions|location=Geneva}}</ref><ref name="ConferenceBoard2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/society/child-poverty.aspx|title=Child Poverty|publisher=Conference Board of Canada|location=Ottawa|year=2013|access-date=19 June 2013|archive-date=4 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604202933/http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/society/child-poverty.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the "most prominent and most-quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators".<ref name="povinequalityCSP">{{cite web|title=How Poverty Differs From Inequality, On Poverty Management in an Enlarged EU Context: Conventional and Alternative Approaches|first1=Ive|last1=Marx|first2=Karel|last2=van den Bosch|website=ec.europa.eu|publisher=Centre for Social Policy|location=Antwerp|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1001617/4577263/1-1-I-MARX.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003141347/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1001617/4577263/1-1-I-MARX.pdf}}</ref> Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of the population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. This is a calculation of the percentage of people whose family household income falls below the [[Poverty threshold|Poverty Line]]. The main poverty line used in the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) is based on "economic distance", a level of income set at 60% of the median household income.<ref>{{cite news|url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8177864.stm|title = Just what is poor?|access-date = 25 September 2008|author=Blastland, Michael|work=BBC News |date = 31 July 2009}}</ref> The United States federal government typically regulates this line to three times the cost of an adequate meal.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Principles of Economics|last=Mankiw|first=Gregory|publisher=Cengage|year=2016|isbn=978-1-305-58512-6|location=Boston|page=406}}</ref> There are several other different [[income inequality metrics]], for example, the [[Gini coefficient]] or the [[Theil Index]]. [[File:Global Wealth Distribution 2020 (Property).svg|thumb|Global share of wealth by wealth group βCredit Suisse, 2021]] [[File:GINI index World Bank up to 2018.png|alt=|thumb|300px|The [[Gini coefficient]], a measure of [[economic inequality|income inequality]]. Based on [[World Bank]] data ranging from 1992 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?view=map|access-date=23 July 2020|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729153431/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?view=map|url-status=live}}</ref>]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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