Primary education Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===History of primary education in England=== In England, 1870 was the beginning of compulsory state education.<ref name="Shaw">{{cite web |last1=Shaw |first1=Susan |title=History of Education |url=https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/41969_9780857027382.pdf#page=3&zoom=auto,-74,496 |access-date=8 March 2021 |page=5}}</ref> [[Elementary school (England and Wales)|Elementary schools in England and Wales]] were publicly funded schools which provided a basic standard of education for children aged from six to 14 between 1870 and 1944. These were set up to enable children to receive manual training and elementary instruction, and provided a restricted curriculum with the emphasis on [[Reading (process)|reading]], [[writing]] and [[arithmetic]] ([[the three Rs]]). The schools operated on a [[Monitorial System|monitorial system]], whereby one teacher supervised a large class with the assistance of a team of monitors, who were quite often older pupils. Elementary school teachers were paid based on students' results. Their pupils were expected to achieve precise standards in reading, writing and arithmetic: such as reading a short paragraph in a newspaper, writing from dictation, and working out sums and fractions.<ref name="Gillard2">Gillard D. [https://education-uk.org/history/chapter02.html "Towards a State System of Education"]. In: ''Education in England'', 2011 https://education-uk.org, accessed 20 November 2013.</ref> To achieve this, a dual education system was initiated, consisting of both voluntary denominational schools and non-denominational state schools (Board schools) to supplement rather than replace schools already run by the churches, guilds, and private individuals or organisations.<ref name="Shaw"/> Before 1944 around 80 percent of the school population attended elementary schools through to 14. The remainder transferred either to secondary school or to junior technical school at age 11. The school system was changed with the [[Education Act 1944]]. Education was restructured into three progressive stages, which were known as primary education, [[secondary education]] and [[further education]].<ref>Peter Anthony Newsam, 'Elementary school', ''Microsoft Encarta'' 2004 edition (CD-Rom), 1993-2003.</ref> ====Timeline of 20th century English education==== * 1912 β [[Maria Montessori]] publishes The Montessori Method. * 1915 β John and Evelyn Dewey publish [[School of Tomorrow]]. * 1918 β [[Education Act 1918]] ends all fees for elementary education and raises the school leaving age from 12 to 14. * 1919 β The [[Burnham Committee]] introduces national pay scales for elementary teachers. * * 1923 β [[Jean Piaget|Piaget]] publishes The Language and Thought of the Child. :: [[A S Neill]] opens [[Summerhill School|Summerhill]]. * 1944 β Elementary education split by age into primary and secondary. A tripartite system with an [[eleven plus]] exam. * 1955 β The last gas lamps are removed from London schools. * 1957 β Britain's first school TV was broadcast by Associated Rediffusion in May, * 1958 β BBC Schools TV broadcasting : A S Neill's ''Summerhill'' published. * 1963 β London and Manchester end 11-plus. * 1967 β The [[Plowden Report]] advocates the expansion of nursery schooling. * 1968 β The [[Newsom Report]] on public schools calls for integration with state schools.<ref name="TES">{{cite web |title=Timeline: A history of education |url=https://www.tes.com/news/timeline-history-education |website=Tes |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page