Religious conversion Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Islam=== {{Main|Conversion to Islam|Dawah|Islamic missionary activity}} {{Further|Al-Baqara 256|Conversion to Islam in prisons|List of converts to Islam}} Converting to [[Islam]] requires one to declare the ''[[Shahada|shahādah]]'', the Muslim profession of faith ("there is no god but [[God in Islam|God]]; [[Muhammad]] is the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|messenger]] of God").<ref name="Bennett 2015">{{cite book |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Clinton |editor-link=Clinton Bennett |year=2015 |origyear=2013 |chapter=Glossary |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHweBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA330 |title=The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies |location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |edition=1st |pages=330 |isbn=9781441138125 |oclc=777652885 |quote=''[[Aqidah]]'' – translates as "creed". Technically, the ''[[Shahadah]]'' ([[Five pillars of Islam|first pillar]]) is the only obligatory statement of [[Iman (Islam)|faith in Islam]]; however, over time a list of six items evolved, the essentials of faith (''Iman Mufassal''), namely: belief in God, in God's angels, scriptures, messengers, day of judgment, and God's power.}}</ref> According to [[Clinton Bennett]], British–American scholar of [[Religious studies]], one's declaration of the Muslim profession of faith does not imply faith in God alone, since the conversion to Islam includes other distinct Islamic beliefs as well as part of the [[Aqidah|Muslim creed]] (''ʿaqīdah''):<ref name="Bennett 2015"/> {{Blockquote|Technically, the ''[[Shahadah]]'' ([[Five pillars of Islam|first pillar]]) is the only obligatory statement of [[Iman (Islam)|faith in Islam]]; however, over time a list of six items evolved, the essentials of faith (''Iman Mufassal''), namely: belief in God, in God's angels, scriptures, messengers, day of judgment, and God's power.<ref name="Bennett 2015"/>}} In the Islamic religion, it is believed that [[Fitra|everyone is Muslim at birth]].<ref name="Reeves 2004">{{cite book |author-last=Kueny |author-first=Kathryn |editor-last=Reeves |editor-first=John C. |date=2004 |chapter=Abraham's Test: Islamic Male Circumcision as Anti/Ante-Covenantal Practice |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC&pg=PA161 |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in Scriptural Intertextuality |location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=161–173 |series=[[Society of Biblical Literature|Symposium Series (Society of Biblical Literature)]] |volume=24 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |issn=1569-3627}}</ref> Due to this, those who convert are typically referred to as reverts. In Islam, the practice of [[Khitan (circumcision)|religious circumcision]] is considered a ''[[sunnah]]'' custom, not a requirement for conversion, and furthermore it is never mentioned in the [[Quran]].<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam">{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Wensinck |author-first=A. J. |year=2012 |origyear=1986 |title=K̲h̲itān |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJQ3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA20 |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C. E. |editor1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. J. |editor2-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=B. |editor4-last=Heinrichs |editor4-first=W. P. |editor4-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |editor5-last=Pellat |editor5-first=Ch. |editor5-link=Charles Pellat |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=5 |pages=20–22 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4296 |isbn=978-90-04-07819-2}}</ref><ref name="Aldeeb 1995">{{cite journal |author-last=Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh |author-first=Sami A. |author-link=Sami Aldeeb |date=1994 |title=To Mutilate in the Name of Jehovah or Allah: Legitimization of Male and Female Circumcision |journal=Medicine and Law |volume=13 |issue=7–8 |pages=575–622 |publisher=[[World Association for Medical Law]] |pmid=7731348}}; {{cite journal |author-last=Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh |author-first=Sami A. |date=1995 |url=https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=twls |title=Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision |journal=Third World Legal Studies |volume=13 |pages=73–101 |publisher=[[Valparaiso University School of Law]] |access-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112162823/https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=twls |archive-date=12 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The majority of [[Ulama|clerical opinions]] holds that circumcision is not required upon entering the Muslim faith.<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam"/><ref name="Aldeeb 1995"/> In the [[Sunni Islam|Sunnī]] [[Islamic schools and branches#Sunnī Islam|branch of Islam]], the [[Shafiʽi school|Shāfiʿī]] and [[Hanbali|Ḥanbalī]] schools regard both male and [[female circumcision]] as legally obligatory for Muslims, while the [[Maliki|Mālikī]] and [[Hanafi|Ḥanafī]] schools regard it as non-binding and only recommended for both sexes.<ref name="Reeves 2004"/><ref name="EncyclopediaofIslam"/><ref name="Aldeeb 1995"/> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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