Düsseldorf Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Geography== ===Physical geography=== [[File:Düssel.png|thumb|The course of the Düssel from its source in the Düssel Hill Country (Düsselhügelland) ([[:de:Düsselhügelland|de]]) through the [[Neandertal (valley)|Neandertal]] to Düsseldorf, where it forms three [[River bifurcation|bifurcations]], dividing into the four branches (from north to south) Kittelbach, Nördliche Düssel, Südliche Düssel and Brückerbach]] [[File:Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|Düsseldorf skyline]] Düsseldorf lies at the centre of the [[Lower Rhine]] basin, where the delta of the [[Düssel]] flows into the Rhine. The city lies on the east side of the Rhine, except [[District 4, Düsseldorf|District 4]] ([[Düsseldorf-Oberkassel|Oberkassel]], [[Düsseldorf-Niederkassel|Niederkassel]], [[Düsseldorf-Heerdt|Heerdt]] and [[Düsseldorf-Lörick|Lörick]]). Across the Rhine, the city of [[Neuss]] stands on the delta of the [[Erft]]. Düsseldorf lies southwest of the [[Ruhr]] urban area, and in the middle of the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] metropolitan region. Düsseldorf is built entirely on [[alluvium]], mud, sand, clay and occasionally gravel. The highest point in Düsseldorf is the top of Sandberg in the far eastern part of the city ([[Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath|Hubbelrath]] borough) at {{convert|165|m|ft|0}}. The lowest point is at the far northern end in [[Düsseldorf-Wittlaer|Wittlaer]] borough where the Schwarzbach enters the Rhine, with an average elevation of {{convert|28|m|ft|0}}. ===Adjacent cities and districts=== The following districts and cities border Düsseldorf (clockwise starting from the north): the [[Duisburg|City of Duisburg]], the [[Mettmann (district)|District of Mettmann]] ([[Ratingen]], [[Mettmann]], [[Erkrath]], [[Hilden]], [[Langenfeld, Rhineland|Langenfeld]], and [[Monheim am Rhein|Monheim]]), and the [[Rhein-Kreis Neuss|District of Neuss]] ([[Dormagen]], Neuss, and [[Meerbusch]]). ===Climate=== The city has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'', mild in relation to [[East Germany]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=401&cityname=D%25FCsseldorf%252C+North+Rhine-Westphalia%252C+Germany&units=|title=Düsseldorf, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-11-13|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308204631/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=401&cityname=D%FCsseldorf%2C+North+Rhine-Westphalia%2C+Germany&units=|url-status=live}}</ref> Like the rest of the lower [[Rhineland]], Düsseldorf experiences moderate winters with little snowfall and mild to warm summers. The average annual temperature is {{convert|11.0|C|F|0}} with an average yearly precipitation of {{convert|751|mm|in|0}}. The dominant wind direction is from the west with velocities in the range of 3 to 4 m/s (7–9 mph), with gusts of 3.5 −4.8 m/s (8–10.7 mph). The wind is calm (defined as being under 2 m/s or 4.5 mph) about 35% of the time, more frequently at night and in the winter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/BezRegDdorf/autorenbereich/Dezernat_53/BarbaraAlnoch_Buber/Luftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060922083154/http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/BezRegDdorf/autorenbereich/Dezernat_53/BarbaraAlnoch_Buber/Luftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 September 2006 |title=Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf – ''Luftreinhalteplan'' (2004) |access-date=1 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>''Klimaatlas – NRW'' (1989): Der Minister für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalens, Düsseldorf.</ref> {{Weather box|width=auto | location = Düsseldorf (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |Jan record high C = 16.4 |Feb record high C = 21.0 |Mar record high C = 23.8 |Apr record high C = 28.8 |May record high C = 33.8 |Jun record high C = 36.8 |Jul record high C = 40.7 |Aug record high C = 38.5 |Sep record high C = 34.0 |Oct record high C = 27.7 |Nov record high C = 20.4 |Dec record high C = 16.3 |year record high C = 40.7 |Jan record low C = -20.8 |Feb record low C = -15.4 |Mar record low C = -16.1 |Apr record low C = -6.3 |May record low C = -1.1 |Jun record low C = 2.4 |Jul record low C = 4.8 |Aug record low C = 5.0 |Sep record low C = 0.7 |Oct record low C = -6.2 |Nov record low C = -9.4 |Dec record low C = -15.3 |year record low C= -20.8 |Jan high C = 6.0 |Feb high C = 7.2 |Mar high C = 11.1 |Apr high C = 15.6 |May high C = 19.4 |Jun high C = 22.5 |Jul high C = 24.7 |Aug high C = 24.2 |Sep high C = 20.1 |Oct high C = 15.2 |Nov high C = 10.0 |Dec high C = 6.6 | year high C = 15.2 |Jan mean C = 3.4 |Feb mean C = 4.0 |Mar mean C = 6.9 |Apr mean C = 10.5 |May mean C = 14.3 |Jun mean C = 17.3 |Jul mean C = 19.4 |Aug mean C = 18.9 |Sep mean C = 15.3 |Oct mean C = 11.2 |Nov mean C = 7.1 |Dec mean C = 4.2 |year mean C = 11.0 |Jan low C = 0.5 |Feb low C = 0.7 |Mar low C = 2.6 |Apr low C = 5.0 |May low C = 8.7 |Jun low C = 11.7 |Jul low C = 14.0 |Aug low C = 13.7 |Sep low C = 10.7 |Oct low C = 7.5 |Nov low C = 3.9 |Dec low C = 1.5 | year low C = 6.7 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 61.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 56.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 54.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.4 |May precipitation mm = 61.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 65.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 73.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 77.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 61.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 63.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 70.0 | year precipitation mm =750.7 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 17.5 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 16.1 |Apr precipitation days = 12.5 |May precipitation days = 13.9 |Jun precipitation days = 14.1 |Jul precipitation days = 14.6 |Aug precipitation days = 14.7 |Sep precipitation days = 14.2 |Oct precipitation days = 15.5 |Nov precipitation days = 17.2 |Dec precipitation days = 18.8 |year precipitation days = 185.1 |Jan sun = 56.9 |Feb sun = 73.1 |Mar sun = 125.0 |Apr sun = 172.6 |May sun = 202.0 |Jun sun = 199.3 |Jul sun = 208.2 |Aug sun = 193.9 |Sep sun = 149.5 |Oct sun = 109.8 |Nov sun = 62.5 |Dec sun = 47.1 |year sun = 1610.6 |Jan humidity = 81.6 |Feb humidity = 78.6 |Mar humidity = 73.5 |Apr humidity = 68.2 |May humidity = 68.5 |Jun humidity = 69.3 |Jul humidity = 68.8 |Aug humidity = 70.8 |Sep humidity = 76.5 |Oct humidity = 80.5 |Nov humidity = 83.6 |Dec humidity = 84.3 | year humidity =75.4 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm |Jan snow days = 3.4 |Feb snow days = 2.3 |Mar snow days = 0.7 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.3 |Dec snow days = 1.8 |year snow days = 8.5 | source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230916125911/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Duesseldorf_10400.csv | archive-date = 16 September 2023 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Duesseldorf_10400.csv | title = Düsseldorf Climate Normals 1991–2020 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 16 September 2023}}</ref> |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst <ref>{{cite web |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/ |title=Monatswerte Düsseldorf |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |date=2020 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928185254/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} Summary: Please note that all 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