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Do not fill this in! ===Censorship and moderation=== {{Main|Censorship of Twitter|Deplatforming|Twitter suspensions|December 2022 Twitter suspensions}} Twitter is banned completely in Russia,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-blocks-facebook-twitter/ |title=Russia blocks Facebook and Twitter access |work=CBS News |last=Sganga |first=Nicole |date=March 4, 2022 |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> [[Iran]], China and North Korea<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2015/05/religion-twitter-and-freedom |title=Religion, Twitter and freedom: A peaceful explosion |newspaper=The Economist |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> and has been intermittently blocked in numerous countries, including Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Turkey, Venezuela and [[Turkmenistan]] on different bases.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/jun/02/twitter-china|title=China blocks Twitter, Flickr, YouTube and Hotmail ahead of Tiananmen anniversary|last=Branigan |first=Tania|work=The Guardian|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iraq-crisis-twitter-google-youtube-facebook-blocked-by-government-stop-isis-plotting-1452567|title=Iraq Crisis: Twitter, Google, YouTube and Facebook Blocked by Government to Stop Isis Plotting|work=International Business Times UK|date=June 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="guardian-4jun2021">{{cite news |title=Nigeria suspends Twitter after president's tweet was deleted |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/04/nigeria-suspends-twitter-after-presidents-tweet-was-deleted |access-date=June 4, 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=June 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.twitter.com/2014/challenging-the-access-ban-in-turkey|title=Challenging the access ban in Turkey|work=twitter.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-14/twitter-says-venezuela-blocks-its-images-amid-protest-crackdown|title=Venezuelans Blocked on Twitter as Opposition Protests Mount|first=Patricia|last=Laya|work=Bloomberg.com|date=February 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16094646|title=Turkmenistan country profile|author=BBC Monitoring|website=BBC News|date=February 26, 2018}}</ref> In 2016, Twitter cooperated with the Israeli government to remove certain content originating outside Israel from tweets seen in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://972mag.com/how-israel-is-trying-to-enforce-gag-orders-beyond-its-borders/121266/|title=How Israel is trying to enforce gag orders beyond its borders|author= Michael Schaeffer Omer-Man|publisher=972 Mag|date=August 9, 2016|access-date=September 23, 2016}}</ref> In the 11th biannual transparency report published on September 19, 2017, Twitter said that Turkey was the first among countries where about 90 percent of removal requests came from, followed by Russia, France and Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-top-country-seeking-removal-of-content-on-twitter-report.aspx?pageID=238&nID=118172&NewsCatID=339|title=Turkey top country seeking removal of content on Twitter: Report|publisher=hurriyet|date=September 20, 2017|access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> Twitter stated that between July 1 and December 31, 2018, "We received legal demands relating to 27,283 accounts from 47 different countries, including Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, and Slovenia for the first time."<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey had highest request for content removal on Twitter |url=https://ipa.news/2019/05/11/turkey-had-highest-request-for-content-removal-on-twitter/ |work=IPA News |date=May 11, 2019 |access-date=September 14, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308190729/https://ipa.news/2019/05/11/turkey-had-highest-request-for-content-removal-on-twitter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As part of evidence to a U.S. Senate Enquiry, the company admitted that their systems "detected and hid" several hundred thousand tweets relating to the [[2016 Democratic National Committee email leak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4164788/Twitter-testimony-to-Senate-Judiciary-Committee.pdf|title=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism: Testimony of Sean J. Edgett, Acting General Counsel, Twitter Inc.|date=October 31, 2017|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> During the curfew in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] after [[Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status|revocation of its autonomous status]] on August 5, 2019, the Indian government approached Twitter to block accounts accused of spreading anti-India content;<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-tells-twitter-to-block-accounts-inciting-anti-india-content-using-kashmir/story-V10neIY9VmgfI8rLB67Y4N.html |title= Govt tells Twitter to block accounts inciting anti-India content using Kashmir |publisher= Hindustan Times |date= August 12, 2019}}</ref> by October 25, nearly one million tweets had been removed as a result.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 25, 2019|title=Twitter removes almost 1 million tweets in Kashmir, accused of bowing to Indian censorship|url=https://www.newsweek.com/twitter-removes-almost-1m-tweets-kashmir-accused-bowing-indian-censorship-1467721|access-date=November 5, 2020|website=Newsweek}}</ref> In March 2022, shortly after [[Censorship of Twitter#Russia 2|Russia's censorship of Twitter]], a Tor [[.onion|onion]] service link was created by the platform to allow people to access the website, even in countries with heavy Internet censorship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twitter Launches Tor Onion Service Making Site Easier to Access in Russia |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7dqxd/twitter-tor-onion-service-dark-web-version |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=www.vice.com|date=March 8, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Adi |date=March 8, 2022 |title=Twitter is launching a Tor service for more secure and private tweeting |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/8/22967843/twitter-tor-onion-service-version-launch |access-date=May 26, 2022 |website=The Verge}}</ref> ====Moderation of tweets==== Twitter removed more than 88,000 propaganda accounts linked to [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter just suspended over 88,000 accounts tied to a Saudi disinformation campaign |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-removed-accounts-saudi-arabia-disinformation-campaign-2019-12 |work=Business Insider |date=December 20, 2019}}</ref> Twitter removed tweets from accounts associated with the Russian [[Internet Research Agency]] that had tried to influence public opinion during and after the 2016 US election.<ref name="Ingram-2021" /><ref name="Luk" /> In June 2020, Twitter also removed 175,000 propaganda accounts that were spreading biased political narratives for the [[Chinese Communist Party]], the [[United Russia|United Russia Party]], or Turkey's President [[Recep Tayyip ErdoΔan|Erdogan]], identified based on centralized behavior.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winder|first=Davey|title=Twitter's Powerful Move Silences 175,000 Chinese And Russian Fake News Accounts|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daveywinder/2020/06/12/twitters-powerful-move-silences-175000-chinese-and-russian-fake-news-accounts-hong-kong-politics-social-media-disinformation/|access-date=January 31, 2021|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Disclosing networks of state-linked information operations we've removed|url=https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/information-operations-june-2020.html|access-date=January 31, 2021|website=blog.twitter.com}}</ref> Twitter also removed accounts linked to the governments of [[Armenia]], [[Egypt]], [[Cuba]], [[Serbia]], [[Honduras]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter suspends government-run accounts in Cuba |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49683029 |work=BBC News |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter removes accounts linked to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, other countries |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-twitter-accounts-idUSKBN21K1SK |work=Reuters |date=April 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter removes hundreds of accounts it says are linked to Iran, Russia, Armenia |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-twitter-content-idUSKBN2AN1WW |work=Reuters |date=February 23, 2021}}</ref> Twitter suspended Pakistani accounts tied to government officials for posting tweets about the [[Kashmir conflict]] between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=200 accounts suspended over Kashmir reported to Twitter |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1500457 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> In February 2021, Twitter removed accounts in India that criticized Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s government for its conduct during [[2020β2021 Indian farmers' protest|Indian farmers' protests in 2020β2021]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter Blocks Accounts in India as Modi Pressures Social Media|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/technology/india-twitter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/technology/india-twitter.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |date=February 10, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At the start of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, numerous tweets reported false medical information related to the pandemic. Twitter announced a new policy in which they would label tweets containing misinformation going forward.<ref name="Roth-2020" /> In April 2020, Twitter removed accounts which defended President [[Rodrigo Duterte]]'s response to the spread of COVID-19 in the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter suspends accounts defending Duterte's COVID-19 response β report |url=https://technology.inquirer.net/98139/twitter-suspends-accounts-defending-dutertes-covid-19-response-report |work=Inquirer.net |date=April 10, 2020}}</ref> In November 2020, then Chief Technology Officer and future CEO of Twitter [[Parag Agrawal]], when asked by [[MIT Technology Review]] about balancing the protection of [[Freedom of speech|free speech]] as a core value and the endeavour to combat misinformation, said: "Our role is not to be bound by the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]], but our role is to serve a healthy public conversation ... focus less on thinking about free speech, but thinking about how the times have changed."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/11/18/1012066/emtech-stage-twitters-cto-on-misinformation/ |title= EmTech Stage: Twitter's CTO on misinformation |website=technologyreview.com |date=November 18, 2020 |access-date=November 30, 2021}}</ref> Musk had been critical of Twitter's moderation of misinformation prior to his acquisition of the company.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://time.com/6171272/elon-musk-twitter-disinformation/ | title = 'We're Back.' Far-Right Groups Celebrate Elon Musk's Twitter Takeover | first = Vera | last = Bergengruen | date = April 27, 2022 | access-date = May 27, 2023 | work = [[Time (magzine)|Time]] }}</ref> After the transition, Musk eliminated the misinformation moderation team,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/twitter-fires-employees-fight-misinformation-midterm-elections-rcna55750 | title = Days before the midterms, Twitter lays off employees who fight misinformation | first1 = Ben | last1 = Collins | first2 = Brandy | last2 = Zadrozny | first3 = David | last3 = Ingram | date = November 4, 2023 | access-date = May 27, 2023 | work = [[NBC News]] }}</ref> and stopped enforcing its policy on labeling tweets with misleading information about coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-63796832 | title=Twitter ends Covid misinformation policy under Musk | date=November 30, 2022 | publisher =BBC News |access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref> While Twitter had joined a voluntary program under the European Union's to fight disinformation in June 2022, Musk pulled the company out of the program in May 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65733969 | title = Twitter pulls out of voluntary EU disinformation code | first = Francesca | last = Gillett | date = May 27, 2023 | access-date = May 27, 2023 | work = [[BBC News]] }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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