Missouri Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Admission as a state in 1821=== {{See also|History of slavery in Missouri}} [[File:United States 1821-08-1822.png|thumb|upright=1.5|The states and territories of the United States as a result of Missouri's admission as a state on August 10, 1821. The remainder of the former [[Missouri Territory]] became unorganized territory.]] In 1821, the former Missouri Territory was admitted as a [[Slave and free states|slave state]], under the [[Missouri Compromise]], and with a temporary state capital in St. Charles. In 1826, the [[Capital city|capital]] was shifted to its current, permanent location of [[Jefferson City, Missouri|Jefferson City]], also on the Missouri River. Originally the state's western border was a straight line, defined as the meridian passing through the Kawsmouth,<ref>Hoffhaus. (1984). ''Chez Les Canses: Three Centuries at Kawsmouth'', Kansas City: Lowell Press. {{ISBN|0-913504-91-2}}.</ref> the point where the [[Kansas River]] enters the Missouri River. The river has moved since this designation. This line is known as the Osage Boundary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/48/660/case.html |title=''MISSOURI V. IOWA'', 48 U.S. 660 (1849)βUS Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez |publisher=Supreme.justia.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111095858/http://supreme.justia.com/us/48/660/case.html |archive-date=November 11, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1836 the [[Platte Purchase]] was added to the northwest corner of the state after purchase of the land from the native tribes, making the Missouri River the border north of the Kansas River. This addition increased the land area of what was already the largest state in the Union at the time (about {{convert|66500|sqmi|km2}} to Virginia's 65,000 square miles, which then included West Virginia).<ref>[[D.W. Meinig|Meinig, D.W.]] (1993). ''The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History'', ''Volume 2: Continental America, 1800β1867''. New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-05658-3}}; pg. 437</ref> In the early 1830s, [[Mormon]] migrants from northern states and Canada began settling near [[Independence, Missouri|Independence]] and areas just north of there. Conflicts over religion and slavery arose between the 'old settlers' (mainly from the South) and the Mormons (mainly from the North). The [[Mormon War (1838)|Mormon War]] erupted in 1838. By 1839, with the help of an "Extermination Order" by Governor [[Lilburn Boggs]], the old settlers forcibly expelled the Mormons from Missouri and confiscated their lands. Conflicts over slavery exacerbated border tensions among the states and territories. From 1838 to 1839, a border dispute with [[Iowa]] over the so-called [[Honey Lands]] resulted in both states' calling-up of [[Militia (United States)|militias]] along the border. With increasing migration, from the 1830s to the 1860s, Missouri's population almost doubled with every decade. Most newcomers were American-born, but many Irish and German immigrants arrived in the late 1840s and 1850s. As a majority were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], they set up their own religious institutions in the state, which had been mostly [[Protestant]]. Many settled in cities, creating a regional and then state network of Catholic churches and schools. 19th-century German immigrants created the wine industry along the Missouri River and the beer industry in St. Louis. While many German immigrants were strongly anti-slavery,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/little-known-history-german-immigrants-missouri-were-anti-slavery-allies|title=A Little-Known History: German Immigrants In Missouri Were Anti-Slavery Allies|last=Davis|first=Chad|website=news.stlpublicradio.org|date=February 21, 2019|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029004344/https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/little-known-history-german-immigrants-missouri-were-anti-slavery-allies|archive-date=October 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/planning/cultural-resources/preservation-plan/Part-I-Peopling-St-Louis.cfm|title=Part I: Peopling St. Louis|website=stlouis-mo.gov|access-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029004330/https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/planning/cultural-resources/preservation-plan/Part-I-Peopling-St-Louis.cfm|archive-date=October 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> many Irish immigrants living in cities were pro-slavery, fearing that liberating African-American slaves would create a glut of unskilled labor, driving wages down.<ref name=":1" /> Most Missouri farmers practiced [[subsistence farming]] before the [[American Civil War]]. The majority of those who held slaves had fewer than five each. [[Planter (plantation owner)|Planters]], defined by some historians as those holding 20 slaves or more, were concentrated in the counties known as "[[Little Dixie (Missouri)|Little Dixie]]", in the central part of the state along the [[Missouri River]]. The tensions over slavery chiefly had to do with the future of the state and nation. In 1860, enslaved [[African American]]s made up less than 10% of the state's population of 1,182,012.<ref>[http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/histcensus/ Historical Census Browser, 1860 Federal Census, University of Virginia Library] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206001455/http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/histcensus/ |date=December 6, 2009 }}. Retrieved March 21, 2008.</ref> In order to control the flooding of farmland and low-lying villages along the Mississippi, the state had completed construction of {{convert|140|mi|km}} of [[levee]]s along the river by 1860.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1874/10/13/archives/louisiana-the-levee-system-of-the-state-overflows-and-how-they-are.html "Louisiana: The Levee System of the State"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014538/https://www.nytimes.com/1874/10/13/archives/louisiana-the-levee-system-of-the-state-overflows-and-how-they-are.html |date=July 21, 2018 }}, ''New York Times'', October 8, 1874; Retrieved November 15, 2007</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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