Ecuador Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Independence=== {{Main|Ecuadorian War of Independence}} [[File:Jose Antonio de Sucre.JPG|thumb|upright|Venezuelan independence hero [[Antonio José de Sucre]]]] [[File:Entrevista de Guayaquil.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Guayaquil Conference]] between the two main Hispanic South American independence heroes, in which they debated, [[José de San Martín|San Martín]] wanted a monarchical unified South America, while [[Simón Bolívar|Bolívar]] wanted a republican unified South America.]] On 9 October 1820, the Department of [[Guayaquil]] became the first territory in Ecuador to gain its independence from Spain, and it spawned most of the Ecuadorian coastal provinces, establishing itself as an independent state. Its inhabitants celebrated what is now Ecuador's official Independence Day on 24 May 1822. The rest of Ecuador gained its independence after [[Antonio José de Sucre]] defeated the Spanish Royalist forces at the [[Battle of Pichincha]], near [[Quito]]. Following the battle, Ecuador joined [[Simón Bolívar]]'s [[Republic of Gran Colombia]], also including modern-day [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Panama]]. In 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic. Two years later, it annexed the [[Galapagos Islands]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.presidencia.gob.ec/galapagos-celebra-un-ano-mas-de-provincializacion/ |title=Galápagos celebra un año más de provincialización |publisher=Presidencia de la República del Ecuador |language=es |access-date=19 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221201905/http://www.presidencia.gob.ec:80/galapagos-celebra-un-ano-mas-de-provincializacion/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 }}</ref> The 19th century was marked by instability for Ecuador with a rapid succession of rulers. The first president of Ecuador was the Venezuelan-born [[Juan José Flores]], who was ultimately deposed. Leaders who followed him included [[Vicente Rocafuerte]]; [[José Joaquín de Olmedo]]; [[José María Urbina]]; [[Diego Noboa]]; [[Pedro José de Arteta]]; [[Manuel de Ascásubi]]; and Flores's own son, [[Antonio Flores Jijón]], among others. The conservative [[Gabriel García Moreno]] unified the country in the 1860s with the support of the Roman Catholic Church. In the late 19th century, world demand for [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]] tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural frontier on the coast. Ecuador [[Abolition of slavery timeline|abolished]] [[Slavery in Latin America|slavery]] in 1851.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=13001 |title=Assessment for Blacks in Ecuador |publisher=CIDCM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622220302/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=13001 |archive-date=22 June 2012 }}</ref> The descendants of enslaved Ecuadorians are among today's [[Afro-Ecuadorian]] population. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page