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Do not fill this in! ====Research factors==== Because child sexual abuse often occurs alongside other possibly confounding variables, such as poor family environment and physical abuse,<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mullen PE, Martin JL, Anderson JC, Romans SE, Herbison GP |title=The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_child-abuse-neglect_1996-01_20_1/page/7 |journal=Child Abuse & Neglect |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=7β21 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8640429 |doi=10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3}}</ref> some scholars argue it is important to control for those variables in studies which measure the effects of sexual abuse.<ref name="twin" /><ref name="pmid11015813">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kendler KS, Bulik CM, Silberg J, Hettema JM, Myers J, Prescott CA |title=Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women: an epidemiological and cotwin control analysis |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=953β9 |date=October 2000 |pmid=11015813 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.953|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Harrison G. |last1=Pope |first2=James I. |last2=Hudson |title=Does childhood sexual abuse cause adult psychiatric disorders? Essentials of methodology |journal=Journal of Psychiatry & Law |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=Fall 1995 |pages=363β81|doi=10.1177/009318539502300303 |s2cid=81434466 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Levitt EE, Pinnell CM |title=Some additional light on the childhood sexual abuse-psychopathology axis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-clinical-experimental-hypnosis_1995-04_43_2/page/145 |journal=The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=145β62 |date=April 1995 |pmid=7737760 |doi=10.1080/00207149508409958}}</ref> In a 1998 review of related literature, Martin and Fleming state "The hypothesis advanced in this paper is that, in most cases, the fundamental damage inflicted by child sexual abuse is due to the child's developing capacities for trust, intimacy, agency and sexuality, and that many of the mental health problems of adult life associated with histories of child sexual abuse are second-order effects."<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fleming J, Mullen PE, Sibthorpe B, Bammer G |title=The long-term impact of childhood sexual abuse in Australian women |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_child-abuse-neglect_1999-02_23_2/page/145 |journal=Child Abuse & Neglect |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=145β59 |date=February 1999 |pmid=10075184 |doi=10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00118-5}}</ref> Other studies have found an independent association of child sexual abuse with adverse psychological outcomes.<ref name="levitan" /><ref name="twin" /><ref name="pmid11015813"/> Kendler et al. (2000) found that most of the relationship between severe forms of child sexual abuse and adult psychopathology in their sample could not be explained by family discord, because the [[effect size]] of this association decreased only slightly after they controlled for possible confounding variables. Their examination of a small sample of CSA-discordant twins also supported a causal link between child sexual abuse and adult psychopathology; the CSA-exposed subjects had a consistently higher risk for psychopathologic disorders than their CSA non-exposed twins.<ref name="pmid11015813"/> A 1998 [[Rind et al. controversy|meta-analysis by Bruce Rind et al.]] generated controversy by suggesting that child sexual abuse does not always cause pervasive harm, that girls were more likely to be psychologically harmed than boys, that some college students reported such encounters as positive experiences and that the extent of psychological damage depends on whether or not the child described the encounter as "consensual".<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/00224499709551891 |title=A meta-analytic review of findings from national samples on psychological correlates of child sexual abuse |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-sex-research_1997_34_3/page/237 |year=1997 |last1=Rind |first1=Bruce |last2=Tromovitch |first2=Philip |journal=Journal of Sex Research |volume=34 |pages=237β255|issue=3}}</ref> The study was criticized for flawed methodology and conclusions.<ref name="LC Dallam">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dallam SJ, Gleaves DH, Cepeda-Benito A, Silberg JL, Kraemer HC, Spiegel D | title=The effects of child sexual abuse: Comment on Rind, Tromovitch, and Bauserman (1998) |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-bulletin_2001-11_127_6/page/715 |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=127 |issue=6 |pages=715β33 |date=November 2001 |pmid=11726068 |doi=10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.715}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Oltmanns |first1=Thomas F. |last2=Emery |first2=Robert E. |title=Abnormal Psychology |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2001 |location=Upper Saddle River, NJ |isbn=978-0-13-187521-0}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> The US Congress condemned the study for its conclusions and for providing material used by pedophile organizations to justify their activities.<ref name="congress">{{cite web|author=US Congress|year=1999|title=Whereas no segment of our society is more critical to the future of human survival than our children|work=106th Congress, Resolution 107|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=106_cong_bills&docid=f:hc107enr.txt.pdf}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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