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Do not fill this in! ===Immigration and emigration=== {{See also|Emigration from Ecuador}} Ecuador houses a small East Asian community mainly consisting of those of [[Japanese people|Japanese]] and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century.<ref name=CIA/> In the early years of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept 165 [[Jewish]] refugees from Germany aboard the ship ''Koenigstein'', Ecuador granted them entry permits.<ref> {{cite web | url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Ecuador.html | title=Ecuador: Virtual Jewish History Tour | year=2004 | publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise | access-date=23 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928181112/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Ecuador.html | archive-date=28 September 2013 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }} </ref> Migration from [[Lebanon]] to Ecuador started as early as 1875.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniverso.com/2006/07/30/0001/14/A8D3581669B84C3188E1877EE5560D5E.html |website=La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875 |publisher=El Universo |title=La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875 |date=30 July 2006 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025170356/https://www.eluniverso.com/2006/07/30/0001/14/A8D3581669B84C3188E1877EE5560D5E.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Early impoverished migrants tended to work as independent sidewalk vendors, rather than as wage workers in agriculture or others' businesses.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Los Sirio-Libaneses En El Espacio Social Ecuatoriano |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jsa_0037-9174_1997_num_83_1_1677 |journal=Journal de la Société des Américanistes |year=1997 |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=201–227 |doi=10.3406/jsa.1997.1677 |last1=Almeida |first1=Mónica |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630032842/http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jsa_0037-9174_1997_num_83_1_1677 |url-status=live }}</ref> Though they emigrated to escape Ottoman Turkish religious oppression, they were called "Turks" by Ecuadorians because they carried Ottoman passports.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Guayaquil que acogió a los migrantes extranjeros |date=16 October 2020 |url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/guayaquil-bicentenario/1/guayaquil-migrantes-extranjeros |publisher=El Telegrafo |access-date=26 October 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306025858/https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/guayaquil-bicentenario/1/guayaquil-migrantes-extranjeros |url-status=live }}</ref> There were further waves of immigration in the first half of the 20th century; by 1930, there were 577 Lebanese immigrants and 489 of their descendants residing in the country. A 1986 estimate from Lebanon's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated 100,000 Lebanese descendants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution/|title=Archived copy|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024042758/http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution|url-status=dead}}</ref> They reside mostly in Quito and Guayaquil. They are predominantly [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]]. In the early 1900s there was immigration from [[Italians]], [[Germans]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[French people|French]], [[Britons]], [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Greeks]]. The town of [[Ancón, Ecuador|Ancón]] experienced of wave of immigration from the UK starting in 1911, when the Government of Ecuador conceded 98 mines, occupying an area of 38,842 hectares, to the British oil company Anglo Ecuadorian Oilfields. Today, the Anglo American Oilfields or [[Anglo American plc]] is the world's largest producer of platinum, with around 40% of world output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore and steelmaking coal. [[Alberto Spencer]] is one famed Briton that hailed from Ancon. The town has now become an attraction due to the austere British homes in "El Barrio Ingles" situated in a contrasting tropical setting.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ventimilla |first1=Marcello |title=Ancón, la pequeña Inglaterra olvidada |url=https://anconlapequenainglaterraolvidada.home.blog/2019/08/07/ancon-la-pequena-inglaterra-olvidada/ |website=anconlapequenainglaterraolvidada |date=7 August 2019 |access-date=12 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012072157/https://anconlapequenainglaterraolvidada.home.blog/2019/08/07/ancon-la-pequena-inglaterra-olvidada/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B034x9IAEF4/?igshid=1eljg5ds5kiuh|title=Marcelo Veintimilla Macas on Instagram: "A 2 horas de Guayaquil se encuentra #Ancón, la tierra de Alberto Spencer. Entre 1911 y 1976 una compañía Inglesa se instaló en el lugar, dejando un legado de su cultura. Plasmado sobre todo en las casas del barrio ingles, que se ubica cerca de un acantilado."|access-date=12 October 2022|archive-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012073120/https://www.instagram.com/p/B034x9IAEF4/?igshid=1eljg5ds5kiuh|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1950s the [[Italians]] were the third largest national group in terms of numbers of immigrants. It can be noted that, after World War I, people from [[Liguria]], still constituted the majority of the flow, even though they then represented only one third of the total number of immigrants in Ecuador. This situation came from the improvement of the economic situation in Liguria. The classic paradigm of the Italian immigrant today was not that of the small trader from Liguria as it had been before; those who emigrated to Ecuador were professionals and technicians, employees and religious people from South-Central Italy. It must be remembered that many immigrants, a remarkable number of Italians among them, moved to the Ecuadorian port from Peru to escape from the Peruvian war with Chile. The Italian government came to be more interested in the emigration phenomenon in Ecuador because of the necessity of finding an outlet for the large number of immigrants who traditionally went to the [[United States]] but who could no longer enter this country because of the [[Emergency Quota Act]] of 1921 that restricted immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans as well as other "undesirables". Most of these communities and their descendants are located in the [[Guayas Province|Guayas]] region of the country.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.openedition.org/diasporas/1818 | title=Italians in the Americas | journal=Diasporas. Circulations, Migrations, Histoire | year=2011 | issue=19 | pages=72–81 | publisher=openjournal.com | doi=10.4000/diasporas.1818 | access-date=7 September 2020 | df=mdy-all | last1=Pagnotta | first1=Chiara | doi-access=free | archive-date=28 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128132952/https://journals.openedition.org/diasporas/1818 | url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the 20th century, immigration also came from other [[Latin American]] countries due to civil wars, economic crises, and dictatorships. The most notable are those coming from [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], and [[Uruguay]]. Starting from 2002, there has been an exponential and significant growth in [[Colombians|Colombian]] and [[Venezuelan]] refugees. Colombians have historically found refuge in its neighboring country during times of civil unrest. Recently, Venezuelans have become a notable presence in Ecuadorian cities as many flee the economic and political [[Venezuelan crisis]]. Authorities argue that an estimated 350,000 to 400,000 Colombians live in Ecuador, porous borders and lack of formal registration disallow concrete numbers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colombianos en Ecuador vuelven a casa tras terremoto "para empezar de nuevo |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/04/24/nota/5544354/colombianos-ecuador-vuelven-casa-tras-terremoto-empezar-nuevo/ |website=El Universo |date=25 April 2016 |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005659/https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2016/04/24/nota/5544354/colombianos-ecuador-vuelven-casa-tras-terremoto-empezar-nuevo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2007, the Ecuador government created multiple initiatives to attract Ecuadorians abroad mostly from the [[United States]], [[Italy]], and [[Spain]] to return after many left during the 90s economic crisis or [[La Decada Perdida]]. These policies resulted in the rapid and significant rise in the flow of returning nationals, most notably during the 2008 economic crisis that affected Europe and North America.<ref>{{cite news |title=Más del 70% de los ecuatorianos que viven en España quieren volver a su país |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2012/10/24/actualidad/1351079750_081442.html |website=El Pais |date=24 October 2012 |last1=Guede |first1=Araceli |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005648/https://elpais.com/politica/2012/10/24/actualidad/1351079750_081442.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Entre lágrimas, 14 ecuatorianos dejan España por la crisis y vuelven a su país |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/hoy/ct-hoy-8112614-entre-lagrimas-14-ecuatorianos-dejan-espana-por-la-crisis-y-vuelven-a-su-pais-story.html |website=Chicago Tribune |date=4 July 2012 |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005644/https://www.chicagotribune.com/hoy/ct-hoy-8112614-entre-lagrimas-14-ecuatorianos-dejan-espana-por-la-crisis-y-vuelven-a-su-pais-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In recent years,{{when|date=July 2023}} Ecuador has grown in popularity among North American expatriates.<ref> {{cite web | url=https://vivatropical.com/ecuador/cuenca | title=Cuenca Ecuador – How The American Dream Moved South | year=2013 | publisher=vivatropical.com | access-date=13 January 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210110956/http://vivatropical.com/ecuador/cuenca/ | archive-date=10 February 2015 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }} </ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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