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Do not fill this in! ==== Misinformation and fake news ==== Facebook has been criticized as a vector for [[fake news]], and has been accused of bearing responsibility for the conspiracy theory that the United States created [[ISIS]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mackey |first=Robert |date=August 26, 2014 |title=Borne by Facebook, Conspiracy Theory That U.S. Created ISIS Spreads Across Middle East |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/world/middleeast/isis-conspiracy-theories-include-a-purported-american-plot.html |access-date=April 15, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> false anti-[[Rohingya people|Rohingya]] posts being used by [[Myanmar]]'s military to fuel [[genocide]] and [[Rohingya genocide|ethnic cleansing]],<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gowen|first1=Annie|last2=Bearak|first2=Max|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/fake-news-on-facebook-fans-the-flames-of-hate-against-the-rohingya-in-burma/2017/12/07/2c1fe830-ca1f-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html|title=Fake news on Facebook fans the flames of hate against the Rohingya in Burma|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mozur |first=Paul |date=October 15, 2018 |title=A Genocide Incited on Facebook, With Posts From Myanmar's Military |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html |access-date=April 15, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> enabling [[climate change denial]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Waldman |first=Scott |title=Climate Denial Spreads on Facebook as Scientists Face Restrictions |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-denial-spreads-on-facebook-as-scientists-face-restrictions/ |access-date=August 6, 2020 |website=[[Scientific American]] |publisher=[[Environment & Energy Publishing|E&E News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |title=Climate change denial on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and TikTok is 'as bad as ever' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2022/01/21/climate-change-misinformation-facebook-youtube-twitter/6594691001/ |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Waldman |first=Scott |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Climate denial still flourishes on Facebook β report |url=https://www.eenews.net/articles/climate-denial-still-flourishes-on-facebook-report/ |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=E&E News |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting]] conspiracy theorists,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jul/25/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-sandy-hook-parents-open-letter|title=An open letter to Mark Zuckerberg from the parents of a Sandy Hook victim|last1=Pozner|first1=Leonard|last2=Rosa|first2=Veronique De La|date=July 25, 2018|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=August 4, 2018|last3=Pozner|first3=parents of Noah}}</ref> and anti-refugee attacks in Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/europe/facebook-refugee-attacks-germany.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821102155/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/europe/facebook-refugee-attacks-germany.html |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Facebook Fueled Anti-Refugee Attacks in Germany, New Research Suggests|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=August 21, 2018|last1=Taub |first1=Amanda |last2=Fisher |first2=Max }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=MMller|first1=Karsten|last2=Schwarz|first2=Carlo|date=2017|title=Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime|journal=SSRN Working Paper Series|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3082972|issn=1556-5068|ssrn=3082972|s2cid=19194580}}</ref><ref name="RottingDemocracyBeauchamp">{{cite web| url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/1/22/18177076/social-media-facebook-far-right-authoritarian-populism| title=Social media is rotting democracy from within| last=Beauchamp| first=Zack| publisher=[[Vox Media]]| date=January 22, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125171545/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/1/22/18177076/social-media-facebook-far-right-authoritarian-populism|archive-date=January 25, 2019 }}</ref> The government of the [[Philippines]] has also used Facebook as a tool to attack its critics.<ref name="PhilippinesEtter">{{cite web| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-12-07/how-rodrigo-duterte-turned-facebook-into-a-weapon-with-a-little-help-from-facebook| title=What Happens When the Government Uses Facebook as a Weapon?| last=Etter| first=Lauren| publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]| date=December 7, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124225207/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-12-07/how-rodrigo-duterte-turned-facebook-into-a-weapon-with-a-little-help-from-facebook|archive-date=January 24, 2019 }}</ref> In 2017, Facebook partnered with fact checkers from the [[Poynter Institute]]'s International Fact-Checking Network to identify and mark false content, though most ads from political candidates are exempt from this program.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hunt |first=Elle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/22/facebook-fact-checking-tool-fake-news |title='Disputed by multiple fact-checkers': Facebook rolls out new alert to combat fake news |date=March 22, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Amy |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2019/oct/15/elizabeth-warren/phony-facebook-ad-warren-said-most-tv-networks-wil/ |title=In phony Facebook ad, Warren said most TV networks will refuse ads with a 'lie' but that's wrong |work=[[PolitiFact]]|access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> As of 2018, Facebook had over 40 fact-checking partners across the world, including ''[[The Weekly Standard]]''.<ref name="Levin-2018">{{cite web |last=Levin |first=Sam |date=December 13, 2018 |title='They don't care': Facebook factchecking in disarray as journalists push to cut ties |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/13/they-dont-care-facebook-fact-checking-in-disarray-as-journalists-push-to-cut-ties |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |location=San Francisco |language=en}}</ref> Critics of the program have accused Facebook of not doing enough to remove false information from its website.<ref name="Levin-2018" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/24/facebook-fake-pelosi-video-1472413|title=Facebook on fake Pelosi video: Being 'false' isn't enough for removal|first=Nancy|last=Scola|website=[[Politico]]|date=May 24, 2019 }}</ref> Facebook has repeatedly amended its content policies. In July 2018, it stated that it would "downrank" articles that its [[Fact-checking|fact-checkers]] determined to be false, and remove misinformation that incited violence.<ref>{{cite news|last=Frenkel|first=Sheera|title=Facebook to Remove Misinformation That Leads to Violence|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/technology/facebook-to-remove-misinformation-that-leads-to-violence.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718221759/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/technology/facebook-to-remove-misinformation-that-leads-to-violence.html |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 9, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 18, 2018 }}</ref> Facebook stated that content that receives "false" ratings from its fact-checkers can be demonetized and suffer dramatically reduced distribution. Specific posts and videos that violate community standards can be removed on Facebook.<ref name="Darcy-2018">{{Cite news|last=Darcy|first=Oliver|date=July 20, 2018|title=Facebook's rhetoric on misinformation doesn't match its actions|work=[[CNN Business]]|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/20/media/facebook-infowars-false-news-misinformation/index.html|access-date=August 4, 2018}}</ref> In May 2019, Facebook banned a number of "dangerous" commentators from its platform, including [[Alex Jones]], [[Louis Farrakhan]], [[Milo Yiannopoulos]], [[Paul Joseph Watson]], [[Paul Nehlen]], [[David Duke]], and [[Laura Loomer]], for allegedly engaging in "violence and hate".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/02/tech/facebook-ban-louis-farrakhan-infowars-alex-jones-milo-laura-loomer/index.html|website=CNN|title=Facebook bans Louis Farrakhan, Milo Yiannopoulos, InfoWars and others from its platforms as 'dangerous'|first=Oliver|last=Darcy|date=May 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-others-facebook-instagram-n1001311|website=NBC News|title=Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan, others banned from Facebook and Instagram|date=May 2, 2019|author=Michael Cappetta and Ben Collins}}</ref> In May 2020, Facebook agreed to a preliminary settlement of $52 million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|52000000|2020}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) to compensate U.S.-based Facebook content moderators for their psychological trauma suffered on the job.<ref>{{cite web|title=Facebook will pay $52 million in settlement with moderators who developed PTSD on the job|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/12/21255870/facebook-content-moderator-settlement-scola-ptsd-mental-health|last=Newton|first=Casey|date=May 12, 2020|website=[[The Verge]]|language=en|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The secret lives of Facebook moderators in America|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/25/18229714/cognizant-facebook-content-moderator-interviews-trauma-working-conditions-arizona|last=Newton|first=Casey|date=February 25, 2019|website=[[The Verge]]|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> Other legal actions around the world, including in Ireland, await settlement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Facebook Content Moderators Win $52m Compensation Settlement|url=https://www.moderatorrights.com/blog/facebook-content-moderators-win-52m-compensation-settlement/|date=May 13, 2020|website=ModeratorRights.com|language=en-US|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref> In September 2020, the [[Government of Thailand]] utilized the Computer Crime Act for the first time to take action against Facebook and [[Twitter]] for ignoring requests to take down content and not complying with court orders.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-internet-idUSKCN26F0R7?taid=5f6c4b2a82069f0001b379a4|title=Thailand takes first legal action against Facebook, Twitter over content|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=Reuters|date=September 24, 2020}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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