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Do not fill this in! === Other types of communism === ==== Anarcho-communism ==== {{main|Anarcho-communism}} [[File:Kropotkin2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Peter Kropotkin]], main theorist of [[anarcho-communism]]]] Anarcho-communism is a [[libertarian]] theory of [[anarchism]] and communism which advocates the abolition of the [[State (polity)|state]], [[private property]], and [[capitalism]] in favor of [[common ownership]] of the [[means of production]];<ref name="Mayne">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MkTz6Rq7wUC&pg=PA131 |title=From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms |first=Alan James |last=Mayne |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=316 |isbn=978-0-275-96151-0 |year=1999 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Anarchism for Know-It-Alls |publisher=Filiquarian Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59986-218-7}}</ref> [[direct democracy]]; and a [[Horizontal integration|horizontal network]] of [[voluntary association]]s and [[workers' council]]s with production and consumption based on the guiding principle, "[[From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs|From each according to his ability, to each according to his need]]".<ref>{{cite web |last=Fabbri |first=Luigi |author-link=Luigi Fabbri |title=Anarchism and Communism. Northeastern Anarchist No. 4. 1922 |date=13 October 2002 |url=http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/worldwidemovements/fabbrianarandcom.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629024338/http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/worldwidemovements/fabbrianarandcom.html |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=The Nestor Makhno Archive |title=Constructive Section |url=http://www.nestormakhno.info/english/platform/constructive.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721225357/http://www.nestormakhno.info/english/platform/constructive.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Anarcho-communism differs from Marxism in that it rejects its view about the need for a [[state socialism]] phase prior to establishing communism. [[Peter Kropotkin]], the main theorist of anarcho-communism, stated that a revolutionary society should "transform itself immediately into a communist society", that it should go immediately into what Marx had regarded as the "more advanced, completed, phase of communism".<ref name="theanarchistlibrary.org">{{cite book |url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Wayne_Price__What_is_Anarchist_Communism_.html |title=What is Anarchist Communism? |first=Wayne |last=Price |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221140615/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Wayne_Price__What_is_Anarchist_Communism_.html |archive-date=21 December 2010 |access-date=19 January 2011}}</ref> In this way, it tries to avoid the reappearance of class divisions and the need for a state to be in control.{{r|theanarchistlibrary.org}} Some forms of anarcho-communism, such as [[insurrectionary anarchism]], are [[Egoist anarchism|egoist]] and strongly influenced by radical [[individualism]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=Christopher |title=Leaving the 20th century: the incomplete work of the Situationist International |date=1998 |location=London |isbn=9780946061150 |pages=88 |publisher=Rebel Press }}</ref><ref name="creativenothing">{{cite book |url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Renzo_Novatore__Toward_the_Creative_Nothing.html |title=Towards the creative Nothing |first=Renzo |last=Novatore |author-link=Renzo Novatore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728093004/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Renzo_Novatore__Toward_the_Creative_Nothing.html |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Bob_Black__Nightmares_of_Reason.html#toc22 |title=Bob Black. ''Nightmares of Reason'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027102331/http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Bob_Black__Nightmares_of_Reason.html#toc22 |archive-date=27 October 2010 |access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref> believing that anarchist communism does not require a [[communitarian]] nature at all. Most anarcho-communists view anarchist communism as a way of reconciling the opposition between the individual and society.<ref group="lower-alpha">{{cite web |last=Kropotkin |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Kropotkin |date=1901 |title=Communism and Anarchy |url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Petr_Kropotkin__Communism_and_Anarchy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728092851/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Petr_Kropotkin__Communism_and_Anarchy.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 |quote=Communism is the one which guarantees the greatest amount of individual liberty—provided that the idea that begets the community be Liberty, Anarchy ... Communism guarantees economic freedom better than any other form of association, because it can guarantee wellbeing, even luxury, in return for a few hours of work instead of a day's work.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dielo Truda (Workers' Cause) |author-link=Delo Truda |url=http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Dielo_Truda__Workers__Cause___Organisational_Platform_of_the_Libertarian_Communists.html |title=Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists |date=1926 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728092719/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Dielo_Truda__Workers__Cause___Organisational_Platform_of_the_Libertarian_Communists.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 |quote=This other society will be libertarian communism, in which social solidarity and free individuality find their full expression, and in which these two ideas develop in perfect harmony.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MY PERSPECTIVES – Willful Disobedience Vol. 2, No. 12 |url=http://www.reocities.com/kk_abacus/vb/wd12persp.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716084332/http://www.reocities.com/kk_abacus/vb/wd12persp.html |archive-date=16 July 2011 |quote=I see the dichotomies made between individualism and communism, individual revolt and class struggle, the struggle against human exploitation and the exploitation of nature as false dichotomies and feel that those who accept them are impoverishing their own critique and struggle.}}</ref> ==== Christian communism ==== {{main|Christian communism}} Christian communism is a theological and political theory based upon the view that the teachings of [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus Christ]] compel [[Christians]] to support [[religious communism]] as the ideal [[social system]].{{sfn|Lansford|2007|pp=24–25}} Although there is no universal agreement on the exact dates when communistic ideas and practices in Christianity began, many Christian communists state that evidence from the [[Bible]] suggests that the first Christians, including the [[Apostles in the New Testament]], established their own small communist society in the years following Jesus' death and resurrection.<ref>{{cite web |last=Montero |first=Roman |date=30 July 2019 |title=The Sources of Early Christian Communism |url=https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/the-sources-of-early-christian-communism/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=Church Life Journal}}</ref> Many advocates of Christian communism state that it was taught by Jesus and practiced by the apostles themselves,<ref>{{cite book |last=Kautsky |first=Karl |author-link=Karl Kautsky |title=Foundations of Christianity |url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/index.htm |date=1953 |orig-date=1908 |publisher=[[Atheneum Books|Russell & Russell]] |chapter=IV.II. The Christian Idea of the Messiah. Jesus as a Rebel. |chapter-url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1908/christ/ch10.htm#s3 |quotation=Christianity was the expression of [[class conflict]] in Antiquity. |via=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]}}</ref> an argument that historians and others, including anthropologist Roman A. Montero,<ref>{{cite book |last=Montero |first=Roman A. |title=All Things in Common The Economic Practices of the Early Christians |date=2017 |publisher=[[Wipf and Stock Publishers]] |isbn=9781532607912 |location=Eugene |page=5|oclc=994706026}}</ref> scholars like [[Ernest Renan]],<ref>{{cite book |first=Ernest |last=Renan |page=122 |title=Origins of Christianity |publisher=Carleton |location=New York |year=1869 |chapter=VIII. First Persecution. Death of Stephen. Destruction of the First Church of Jerusalem |volume=II. The Apostles |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knYRAAAAYAAJ&q=christian+communism&pg=PA152 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Roland |last=Boer |page=120 |title=Political Grace. The Revolutionary Theology of John Calvin |chapter=Conclusion: What If? Calvin and the Spirit of Revolution. Bible |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-664-23393-8 |location=Louisville, Kentucky |publisher=[[Westminster John Knox Press]] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIeLYNEq6zsC&q=christian+communism&pg=PA120 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> and theologians like [[Charles Ellicott]] and [[Donald Guthrie (theologian)|Donald Guthrie]],<ref>{{cite book |first1=Charles John |last1=Ellicott |author1-link=Charles Ellicott |first2=Edward Hayes |last2=Plumptre |author2-link=Edward Plumptre |chapter=III. The Church in Jerusalem. I. Christian Communism |title=The Acts of the Apostles |year=1910 |location=London |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Htk8AAAAIAAJ&q=christian+communism&pg=PA11 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Guthrie |author-link=Donald Guthrie (theologian) |orig-date=1975 |year=1992 |publisher=[[Zondervan]] |isbn=978-0-310-25421-8 |title=The Apostles |page=[https://archive.org/details/apostles0010guth/page/46 46] |location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |chapter=3. Early Problems. 15. Early Christian Communism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uts4VTUm1iEC&q=christian+communism&pg=PA46 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> generally agree with.{{sfn|Lansford|2007|pp=24–25}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Frank K. |last=Flinn |title=Encyclopedia of Catholicism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxEONS0FFlsC&pg=PA173 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-8160-7565-2 |pages=173–174}}</ref> Christian communism enjoys some support in Russia. Russian musician [[Yegor Letov]] was an outspoken Christian communist, and in a 1995 interview he was quoted as saying: "Communism is the [[Kingdom of God]] on Earth."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Agranovsky |first=Dmitry |date=12 July 1995 |url=http://grob-hroniki.org/article/1995/art_1995-12-07a.html |title=Yegor Letov: Russkiy Proryv |script-title=ru:Егор Летов: Русский Прорыв |trans-title=Egor Letov: Russian Breakthrough |magazine=Sovetskaya Rossiya |language=ru |issue=145 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page