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Do not fill this in! === Declarations by the Allies of World War II (1941β1944) === [[File:United Nations organization sketch by Franklin Roosevelt with the Four Policemen in 1943.jpg|thumb|1943 sketch by Franklin Roosevelt of the UN original three branches: The [[Four Policemen]], an executive branch, and an international assembly of forty UN member states]] The first step towards the establishment of the United Nations was the Inter-Allied Conference that led to the [[Declaration of St James's Palace]] on 12 June 1941.<ref>{{Cite book|last=United Nations|first=Dept of Public Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98U8YSrp1YUC&q=%22The+first+of+the+specific+steps+that+led+to+the+establishment+of+the+United+Nations+was+the+Inter-Allied+Declaration%22%22|title=Everyone's United Nations|date=1986|publisher=UN|isbn=978-92-1-100273-7|page=5|language=en|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116165825/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=98U8YSrp1YUC&dq=The+first+step+towards+the+formation+of+the+UN+was+the+Declaration+of+St+James%27s+12+June+1941&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22The+first+of+the+specific+steps+that+led+to+the+establishment+of+the+United+Nations+was+the+Inter-Allied+Declaration%22%22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Tandon|first1=Mahesh Prasad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5g6AQAAIAAJ&q=%22The+following+may+be+summed+up+as+the+steps+that+led+to+the+formation+of+the+United+Nations.+(1)+London+Declaration%22|title=Public International Law|last2=Tandon|first2=Rajesh|date=1989|publisher=Allahabad Law Agency|page=421|language=en|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116165837/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P5g6AQAAIAAJ&dq=The+first+step+towards+the+formation+of+the+UN+was+the+Declaration+of+St+James%27s+12+June+1941&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22The+following+may+be+summed+up+as+the+steps+that+led+to+the+formation+of+the+United+Nations.+%281%29+London+Declaration%22|url-status=live}}</ref> By August 1941, American President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] and British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] had drafted the [[Atlantic Charter]]; which defined goals for the post-war world. At the subsequent meeting of the Inter-Allied Council in London on 24 September 1941, the eight [[List of governments in exile during World War II|governments in exile of countries under Axis occupation]], together with the [[Soviet Union]] and representatives of the [[Free French Forces]], unanimously adopted adherence to the common principles of policy set forth by Britain and the United States.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauren|first=Paul Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efV5wvpUjDgC&pg=PA140|title=The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen|year=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-2138-1|pages=140β141|language=en|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215201515/https://books.google.com/books?id=efV5wvpUjDgC&pg=PA140|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 1941|title=Inter-Allied Council Statement on the Principles of the Atlantic Charter|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/interall.asp|access-date=14 August 2013|work=The Avalon Project|publisher=Lillian Goldman Law Library|archive-date=3 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803012648/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/interall.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Roosevelt and Churchill met at the [[White House]] in December 1941 for the [[Arcadia Conference]]. Roosevelt, considered a founder of the UN,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://press.un.org/en/1999/19990504.award.brf.html |title=Press Conference On Franklin Delano Roosevelt Disability Award |publisher=UN Press |date= |accessdate=2022-07-17 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170557/https://press.un.org/en/1999/19990504.award.brf.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://press.un.org/en/1998/19981117.sgsm6799.html |title=Without Global Cooperation Between Great And Small Alike, No Progress And No Peace Can Last Forever, Secretary-General States |publisher=UN Press |date= |accessdate=2022-07-17 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717024142/https://press.un.org/en/1998/19981117.sgsm6799.html |url-status=live }}</ref> coined the term ''United Nations'' to describe the [[Allies of World War II|Allied countries]]. Churchill accepted it, noting its use by [[Lord Byron]].<ref>{{cite web|date=3 February 2007|title=United Nations|url=http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/comments/united_nations/|access-date=28 March 2016|website=Wordorigins.org|archive-date=31 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331193323/http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/comments/united_nations/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Geoffrey C.|title=The Roosevelts: An Intimate History|last2=Burns|first2=Ken|date=2014|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-35306-9|page=397|chapter=Nothing to Conceal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V73CAwAAQBAJ&pg=SA6-PA60|access-date=5 December 2020|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308161849/https://books.google.com/books?id=V73CAwAAQBAJ&pg=SA6-PA60|url-status=live}}</ref> The text of the [[Declaration by United Nations]] was drafted on 29 December 1941, by Roosevelt, Churchill, and [[Harry Hopkins]]. It incorporated Soviet suggestions but included no role for France. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for [[religious freedom]], which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted.<ref>{{cite book|last=Roll|first=David|title=The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-989195-5|pages=172β175|publisher=Oup USA }}</ref>{{sfn|Sherwood|1948|pp=447β453}} Roosevelt's idea of the "[[Four Policemen|Four Powers]]", referring to the four major Allied countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and [[Republic of China (1912β1949)|China]], emerged in the Declaration by the United Nations.<ref name="sheriff">{{cite news|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1998/07/16/looking-for-the-sheriff/|last=Urquhart|first=Brian|author-link=Brian Urquhart|title=Looking for the Sheriff|work=New York Review of Books|date=16 July 1998|access-date=14 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054432/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1998/07/16/looking-for-the-sheriff/|archive-date=26 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On New Year's Day 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, the Soviet Union's former Foreign Minister [[Maxim Litvinov]], and the Chinese Premier [[T. V. Soong]] signed the "[[Declaration by United Nations]]",<ref>{{cite web|title=1942: Declaration of The United Nations|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1942-declaration-united-nations/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108015243/http://www.un.org/en/sections/history-united-nations-charter/1942-declaration-united-nations/index.html|archive-date=8 November 2015|access-date=1 July 2015|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> and the next day the representatives of twenty-two other nations added their signatures. During the war, the United Nations became the official term for the Allies. In order to join, countries had to sign the Declaration and declare war on the [[Axis powers]].{{sfn|Schlesinger|2003}} The October 1943 [[Moscow Conference (1943)|Moscow Conference]] resulted in the [[Moscow Declarations]], including the [[Declaration of the Four Nations|Four Power Declaration on General Security]] which aimed for the creation "at the earliest possible date of a general international organization". This was the first public announcement that a new international organization was being contemplated to replace the League of Nations. The [[Tehran Conference]] followed shortly afterwards at which Roosevelt, Churchill and [[Joseph Stalin]], the leader of the Soviet Union, met and discussed the idea of a post-war international organization. The new international organisation was formulated and negotiated amongst the delegations from the [[Big Four (World War II)|Allied Big Four]] at the [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]] from 21 September to 7 October 1944. They agreed on proposals for the aims, structure and functioning of the new organization.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bohlen |first=C.E. |title=Witness to History, 1929β1969 |year=1973 |location=New York |page=159}}</ref><ref>{{cite video |url=https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.39024 |title=Video: Allies Study Post-War Security Etc. (1944) |publisher=[[Universal Newsreel]] |year=1944 |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204142851/https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.39024 |archive-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones 1941-1950: Dumbarton Oaks Conference |url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/history/milestones-1941-1950/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103212423/http://www.un.org/en/sections/history/milestones-1941-1950/index.html |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=United Nations}}</ref> It took the [[Yalta Conference|conference at Yalta]] in February 1945, and further negotiations with the Soviet Union, before all the issues were resolved.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bohlen |first=C.E. |url=https://archive.org/details/witnesstohistory00bohl |title=Witness to History, 1929β1969 |publisher= Norton |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-393-07476-5 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/witnesstohistory00bohl/page/159 159] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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