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Do not fill this in! ==== Cambridge Analytica ==== {{Main|Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal}} Facebook customer Global Science Research sold information on over 87 million Facebook users to Cambridge Analytica, a political data analysis firm led by [[Alexander Nix]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lewis|first1=Paul|last2=Wong|first2=Julia Carrie|title=Facebook employs psychologist whose firm sold data to Cambridge Analytica|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=March 20, 2018|date=March 18, 2018|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/18/facebook-cambridge-analytica-joseph-chancellor-gsr}}</ref> While approximately 270,000 people used the app, Facebook's [[Application programming interface|API]] permitted data collection from their friends without their knowledge.<ref>{{cite web|last=Franceschi-Bicchierai|first=Lorenzo|title=Why We're Not Calling the Cambridge Analytica Story a 'Data Breach'|work=Motherboard|access-date=March 20, 2018|date=March 19, 2018|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/3kjzvk/facebook-cambridge-analytica-not-a-data-breach}}</ref> At first Facebook downplayed the significance of the breach, and suggested that Cambridge Analytica no longer had access. Facebook then issued a statement expressing alarm and suspended Cambridge Analytica. Review of documents and interviews with former Facebook employees suggested that Cambridge Analytica still possessed the data.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-trump-campaign.html|title=How Trump Consultants Exploited the Facebook Data of Millions|first1=Matthew|last1=Rosenberg|first2=Nicholas|last2=Confessore|first3=Carole|last3=Cadwalladr|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 17, 2018}}</ref> This was a violation of Facebook's [[consent decree]] with the [[Federal Trade Commission]]. This violation potentially carried a penalty of $40,000 (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|40000|2018}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) per occurrence, totalling trillions of dollars.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/03/18/facebook-may-have-violated-ftc-privacy-deal-say-former-federal-officials-triggering-risk-of-massive-fines/|title=Facebook may have violated FTC privacy deal, say former federal officials, triggering risk of massive fines|last1=Timberg|first1=Craig|date=March 18, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 25, 2018|last2=Romm|first2=Tony|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> According to ''The Guardian'', both Facebook and Cambridge Analytica threatened to sue the newspaper if it published the story. After publication, Facebook claimed that it had been "lied to". On March 23, 2018, The [[High Court of Justice|English High Court]] granted an application by the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] for a warrant to search Cambridge Analytica's London offices, ending a standoff between Facebook and the Information Commissioner over responsibility.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/uk-high-court-grants-cambridge-analytica-search-warrant-to-ico.html|title=UK High Court grants Cambridge Analytica search warrant to ICO|date=March 23, 2018|work=[[CNBC]]|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323222219/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/uk-high-court-grants-cambridge-analytica-search-warrant-to-ico.html|archive-date=March 23, 2018|url-status=dead }}</ref> On March 25, Facebook published a statement by Zuckerberg in major UK and US newspapers apologizing over a "breach of trust".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43532948|title=Facebook boss apologises in newspaper ads|date=March 25, 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=March 25, 2018 }}</ref> {{blockquote|You may have heard about a quiz app built by a university researcher that leaked Facebook data of millions of people in 2014. This was a breach of trust, and I'm sorry we didn't do more at the time. We're now taking steps to make sure this doesn't happen again. We've already stopped apps like this from getting so much information. Now we're limiting the data apps get when you sign in using Facebook. We're also investigating every single app that had access to large amounts of data before we fixed this. We expect there are others. And when we find them, we will ban them and tell everyone affected. Finally, we'll remind you which apps you've given access to your information – so you can shut off the ones you don't want anymore. Thank you for believing in this community. I promise to do better for you.}} On March 26, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] opened an investigation into the matter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ftc-facebook-investigation-confirmed-opened-facebook-stock-drops-futher-today/|title=Facebook stock rebounds after FTC investigation news|last=Ivanova|first=Irina|date=March 26, 2018|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> The controversy led Facebook to end its partnerships with data brokers who aid advertisers in targeting users.<ref name="Ingram-2018" /> On April 24, 2019, Facebook said it could face a fine between $3 billion (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|3000000000|2019}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) to $5 billion (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|5000000000|2019}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) as the result of an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/24/facebook-estimates-up-to-5-billion-loss-in-ftc-privacy-inquiry.html|title=Facebook estimates up to $5 billion loss in FTC privacy inquiry|last=Feiner|first=Lauren|date=April 24, 2019|website=www.cnbc.com|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref> On July 24, 2019, the FTC fined Facebook $5 billion, the largest penalty ever imposed on a company for violating consumer privacy. Additionally, Facebook had to implement a new privacy structure, follow a 20-year settlement order, and allow the FTC to monitor Facebook.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=FTC Imposes $5 Billion Penalty and Sweeping New Privacy Restrictions on Facebook |url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-restrictions-facebook |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721213553/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-restrictions-facebook |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |access-date=August 12, 2023 |website=Federal Trade Commission |language=en}}</ref> Cambridge Analytica's CEO and a developer faced restrictions on future business dealings and were ordered to destroy any personal information they collected. Cambridge Analytica filed for bankruptcy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=FTC Sues Cambridge Analytica, Settles with Former CEO and App Developer |url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-sues-cambridge-analytica-settles-former-ceo-app-developer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613132946/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-sues-cambridge-analytica-settles-former-ceo-app-developer |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |access-date=August 12, 2023 |website=Federal Trade Commission |language=en}}</ref> Facebook also implemented additional privacy controls and settings<ref name="guar1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/11/fact-checking-mark-zuckerberg-testimony-congress|title=Fact-checking Mark Zuckerberg's testimony about Facebook privacy|last=Solon|first=Olivia|date=April 12, 2018|access-date=June 29, 2018|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> in part to comply with the European Union's [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR), which took effect in May.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/04/zuckerberg-gdpr/|title=Zuckerberg says Facebook will offer GDPR privacy controls everywhere|website=[[TechCrunch]]|access-date=April 4, 2018}}</ref> Facebook also ended its active opposition to the [[California Consumer Privacy Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/04/facebook-donated-200000-to-kill-a-privacy-law-but-now-its-backtracking/|title=Facebook exits anti-privacy alliance it formed with Comcast and Google|last=Brodkin|first=Jon|date=April 12, 2018|work=Ars Technica|access-date=April 13, 2018}}</ref> Some, such as [[Meghan McCain]] have drawn an equivalence between the use of data by Cambridge Analytica and the [[Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign|Barack Obama's 2012 campaign]], which, according to ''[[Investor's Business Daily]]'', "encouraged supporters to download an Obama 2012 Facebook app that, when activated, let the campaign collect Facebook data both on users and their friends."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190220020940/https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/facebook-data-scandal-trump-election-obama-2012/ Funny, When Obama Harvested Facebook Data On Millions Of Users To Win In 2012, Everyone Cheered]". ''[[Investor's Business Daily]]''. March 19, 2018.</ref><ref name="forbes.com">"[https://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2018/03/19/why-are-we-only-now-talking-about-facebook-and-elections/ Why Are We Only Now Talking About Facebook And Elections?]". ''[[Forbes]]''. March 19, 2018.</ref><ref name="news.com.au">"[http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/former-obama-campaign-boss-reveals-how-they-could-access-creepy-facebook-data/news-story/5a275b7c9f540fc9542f5256e644e26e Former Facebook staffer, Obama campaign boss reveal concerns about Facebook data]". [[News.com.au]]. March 21, 2018.</ref> Carol Davidsen, the Obama for America (OFA) former director of integration and media analytics, wrote that "Facebook was surprised we were able to suck out the whole social graph, but they didn't stop us once they realised that was what we were doing".<ref name="forbes.com" /><ref name="news.com.au" /> [[PolitiFact]] has rated McCain's statements "Half-True", on the basis that "in Obama's case, direct users knew they were handing over their data to a political campaign" whereas with Cambridge Analytica, users thought they were only taking a personality quiz for academic purposes, and while the Obama campaign only used the data "to have their supporters contact their most persuadable friends", Cambridge Analytica "targeted users, friends and lookalikes directly with digital ads."<ref>{{cite web|title=Comparing Facebook data use by Obama, Cambridge Analytica|url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2018/mar/22/meghan-mccain/comparing-facebook-data-use-obama-cambridge-analyt/|publisher=[[PolitiFact]]|access-date=May 24, 2019 }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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