HIV/AIDS Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Discovery === <!-- This section is the same as the equivalent section at HIV. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV) Thus, if you update one please update the other as well --> [[File:Mmwr-aids-July1981-report-101.png|thumb|right|alt=text of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report newsletter|The ''[[Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report]]'' reported in 1981 on what was later to be called "AIDS".]]<!-- note that this was not the first report, per CDC; see discussion [[Talk:HIV/AIDS#I've uploaded the original MMWR piece.. but...|here]] --> The first news story on the disease appeared on May 18, 1981, in the gay newspaper ''[[New York Native]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=On this day|work=[[News & Record]]|date=May 18, 2020|page=2A}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Cloutier |first=Bill |title=Today in History, May 18 |url=https://www.rep-am.com/news/today_in_history/2020/05/17/today-in-history-may-18-2/ |website=Republican-American |access-date=May 19, 2020 |date=May 17, 2020 |archive-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601141613/https://www.rep-am.com/news/today_in_history/2020/05/17/today-in-history-may-18-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> AIDS was first clinically reported on June 5, 1981, with five cases in the United States.<ref name=M169/><ref>{{cite news |title=How I told the world about Aids |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5041928.stm |access-date=February 12, 2019 |work=BBC News |date=June 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212190640/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5041928.stm |archive-date=February 12, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug users and gay men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of ''[[Pneumocystis carinii]]'' pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems.<ref name=MMWR2>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gottlieb MS |title=Pneumocystis pneumonia β Los Angeles. 1981 |journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]] |volume=96 |issue=6 |pages=980β81; discussion 982β83 |date=June 2006 |pmid=16714472 |pmc=1470612 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.96.6.980 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422042240/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> Soon thereafter, a large number of homosexual men developed a generally rare skin cancer called [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] (KS).<ref name="pmid7287964">{{cite journal |vauthors=Friedman-Kien AE |title=Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma syndrome in young homosexual men |journal=[[Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology]] |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=468β71 |date=October 1981 |pmid=7287964 |doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(81)80010-2}}</ref><ref name="pmid6116083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hymes KB, Cheung T, Greene JB, Prose NS, Marcus A, Ballard H, William DC, Laubenstein LJ |title=Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men-a report of eight cases |journal=The Lancet |volume=2 |issue=8247 |pages=598β600 |date=September 1981 |pmid=6116083 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92740-9|s2cid=43529542 }}</ref> Many more cases of PCP and KS emerged, alerting U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a CDC task force was formed to monitor the outbreak.<ref name="Basavapathruni_2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Basavapathruni A, Anderson KS |title=Reverse transcription of the HIV-1 pandemic |journal=FASEB Journal |volume=21 |issue=14 |pages=3795β808 |date=December 2007 |pmid=17639073 |doi=10.1096/fj.07-8697rev|doi-access=free |s2cid=24960391 }}</ref> In the early days, the CDC did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of diseases associated with it, such as [[lymphadenopathy]], the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus.<ref name=MMWR1982a>{{cite journal |author=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |title=Persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy among homosexual males |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=19 |pages=249β51 |date=May 1982 |pmid=6808340 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001096.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018015418/http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001096.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Montagnier">{{cite journal |vauthors=BarrΓ©-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, VΓ©zinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L |title=Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |journal=Science |volume=220 |issue=4599 |pages=868β71 |date=May 1983 |pmid=6189183 |doi=10.1126/science.6189183 |bibcode=1983Sci...220..868B|s2cid=390173 }}</ref> They also used ''Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections'', the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981.<ref name=MMWR1982b>{{cite journal |author=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |title=Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma among Haitians in the United States |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=26 |pages=353β54, 360β61 |date=July 1982 |pmid=6811853 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001123.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920181924/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001123.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=September 20, 2011}}</ref> At one point the CDC referred to it as the "4H disease", as the syndrome seemed to affect heroin users, homosexuals, [[haemophilia]]cs, and [[Haiti]]ans.<ref>{{cite journal |title=AIDS and Syphilis: The Iconography of Disease |journal=October |volume=43 |pages=87β107 |editor-last=Gilman |editor-first=Sander L. |year=1987 |jstor=3397566 |last=Gilman |first=Sander L. |doi=10.2307/3397566}}</ref><ref name=SciRep470b>{{cite web |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |date=July 28, 2006 |url=http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/reprint/313/5786/470b.pdf |title=Making Headway Under Hellacious Circumstances |access-date=June 23, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624235131/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/reprint/313/5786/470b.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2008 }}</ref> The term ''GRID'', which stood for [[gay-related immune deficiency]], had also been coined.<ref name=Altman>{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/11/science/new-homosexual-disorder-worries-health-officials.html |title=New homosexual disorder worries health officials |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1982 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430231803/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/11/science/new-homosexual-disorder-worries-health-officials.html |archive-date=April 30, 2013 }}</ref> However, after determining that AIDS was not isolated to the [[gay community]],<ref name=MMWR1982b/> it was realized that the term ''GRID'' was misleading, and the term ''AIDS'' was introduced at a meeting in July 1982.<ref name=Kher>{{cite magazine |last=Kher |first=Unmesh |title=A Name for the Plague |magazine=Time |date=July 27, 1982 |url=http://www.time.com/time/80days/820727.html |access-date=March 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307015307/http://www.time.com/time/80days/820727.html |archive-date=March 7, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By September 1982 the CDC started referring to the disease as AIDS.<ref name=MMWR1982c>{{cite journal |author=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |title=Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) β United States |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=37 |pages=507β08, 513β14 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6815471}}</ref> In 1983, two separate research groups led by [[Robert Gallo]] and [[Luc Montagnier]] declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting people with AIDS, and published their findings in the same issue of the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref name=Gallo>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelmann EP, Robert-Guroff M, Richardson E, Kalyanaraman VS, Mann D, Sidhu GD, Stahl RE, Zolla-Pazner S, Leibowitch J, Popovic M |title=Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |journal=Science |volume=220 |issue=4599 |pages=865β67 |date=May 1983 |pmid=6601823 |doi=10.1126/science.6601823 |bibcode=1983Sci...220..865G}}</ref><ref name=Montagnier/> Gallo claimed a virus which his group had isolated from a person with AIDS was strikingly similar in [[Virus structure|shape]] to other [[human T-lymphotropic virus]]es (HTLVs) that his group had been the first to isolate. Gallo's group called their newly isolated virus HTLV-III. At the same time, Montagnier's group isolated a virus from a person presenting with swelling of the [[lymph node]]s of the neck and [[Asthenia|physical weakness]], two characteristic symptoms of AIDS. Contradicting the report from Gallo's group, Montagnier and his colleagues showed that core proteins of this virus were immunologically different from those of HTLV-I. Montagnier's group named their isolated virus lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV).<ref name="Basavapathruni_2007"/> As these two viruses turned out to be the same, in 1986, LAV and HTLV-III were renamed HIV.<ref>{{cite book |veditors=Aldrich R, Wotherspoon G |title=Who's who in gay and lesbian history |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0-415-22974-6 |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KA7_1s6w-QC&pg=PA154 |access-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911044550/https://books.google.com/books?id=9KA7_1s6w-QC&pg=PA154 |archive-date=September 11, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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