Communism Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Libertarian Marxist communism === {{main|Libertarian Marxism}} Libertarian Marxism is a broad range of economic and political philosophies that emphasize the [[anti-authoritarian]] aspects of [[Marxism]]. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as [[left communism]],<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Pierce |first=Wayne |url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/wayne-price-libertarian-marxism-s-relation-to-anarchism |title=Libertarian Marxism's Relation to Anarchism |pages=73–80 |magazine=The Utopian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525073948/http://www.utopianmag.com/files/in/1000000034/12___WayneLibMarx.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> emerged in opposition to [[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="Gorter et al. 2007">{{cite book |title=Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils |date=2007 |publisher=Red and Black Publishers |isbn=978-0-9791813-6-8 |location=St. Petersburg, Florida |first1=Hermann |last1=Gorter |author1-link=Herman Gorter |first2=Antonie |last2=Pannekoek |author2-link=Antonie Pannekoek |first3=Sylvia |last3=Pankhurst |author3-link=Sylvia Pankhurst |first4=Otto |last4=Rühle |author4-link=Otto Rühle}}</ref> and its derivatives such as [[Stalinism]] and [[Maoism]], as well as [[Trotskyism]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Marot |first=Eric |date=2006 |url=http://libcom.org/library/trotsky-left-opposition-rise-stalinism-theory-practice-john-eric-marot |title=Trotsky, the Left Opposition and the Rise of Stalinism: Theory and Practice |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> Libertarian Marxism is also critical of [[reformist]] positions such as those held by [[social democrats]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://libcom.org/library/social-democracy-1-aufheben-8 |title=The Retreat of Social Democracy ... Re-imposition of Work in Britain and the 'Social Europe' |magazine=[[Aufheben]] |volume=8 |date=Autumn 1999 |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> Libertarian Marxist currents often draw from Marx and Engels' later works, specifically the ''[[Grundrisse]]'' and ''[[The Civil War in France]]'',<ref>{{cite book |first=Ernesto |last=Screpanti |author-link=Ernesto Screpanti |title=Libertarian communism: Marx Engels and the Political Economy of Freedom |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=London |date=2007 |isbn=978-0230018969}}</ref> emphasizing the Marxist belief in the ability of the [[working class]] to forge its own destiny without the need for a revolutionary party or [[State (polity)|state]] to mediate or aid its liberation.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Hal |last=Draper |author-link=Hal Draper |title=The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels |journal=[[Socialist Register]] |volume=8 |issue=8 |url=http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5333 |date=1971 |access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref> Along with [[anarchism]], libertarian Marxism is one of the main derivatives of [[libertarian socialism]].<ref>{{citation |last=Chomsky |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Chomsky |url=http://www.chomsky.info/audionvideo/19700216.mp3 |title=Government In The Future |publisher=Poetry Center of the New York YM-YWHA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194522/http://www.chomsky.info/audionvideo/19700216.mp3 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |type=Lecture}}</ref> Aside from left communism, libertarian Marxism includes such currents as [[autonomism]], [[communization]], [[council communism]], [[De Leonism]], the [[Johnson–Forest Tendency]], [[Lettrism]], [[Luxemburgism]] [[Situationism]], [[Socialisme ou Barbarie]], [[Solidarity (UK)|Solidarity]], the [[World Socialist Movement]], and [[workerism]], as well as parts of [[Freudo-Marxism]], and the [[New Left]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://libcom.org/library/libertarian-marxist-tendency-map |title=A libertarian Marxist tendency map |publisher=libcom.org |access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> Moreover, libertarian Marxism has often had a strong influence on both [[Post-left anarchy|post-left]] and [[Social anarchism|social anarchists]]. Notable theorists of libertarian Marxism have included [[Antonie Pannekoek]], [[Raya Dunayevskaya]], [[Cornelius Castoriadis]], [[Maurice Brinton]], [[Daniel Guérin]], and [[Yanis Varoufakis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/yanis_varoufakis |title=Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism |last=Varoufakis |first=Yanis |author-link=Yanis Varoufakis |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED]] |access-date=14 April 2019 |quote=Yanis Varoufakis describes himself as a "libertarian Marxist}}</ref> the latter of whom claims that Marx himself was a libertarian Marxist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/yanis-varoufakis-we-leftists-are-not-necessarily-pro-public-sector-marx-was-anti-state-1-7861928 |title=Yanis Varoufakis: We leftists are not necessarily pro public sector – Marx was anti state |last=Lowry |first=Ben |work=The News Letter |date=11 March 2017 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> ==== Council communism ==== {{main|Council communism}} [[File:Rosa Luxemburg.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Rosa Luxemburg]]]] Council communism is a movement that originated from Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s,{{sfn|Johnson|Walker|Gray|2014|loc=Pannekoek, Antonie (1873–1960)|pp=313–314}} whose primary organization was the [[Communist Workers Party of Germany]]. It continues today as a theoretical and activist position within both [[libertarian Marxism]] and [[libertarian socialism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=van der Linden |first=Marcel |author-link=Marcel van der Linden |year=2004 |title=On Council Communism |journal=Historical Materialism |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=27–50 |doi=10.1163/1569206043505275 |s2cid=143169141}}</ref> The core principle of council communism is that the government and the economy should be managed by [[workers' council]]s, which are composed of [[Delegate model of representation|delegates]] elected at workplaces and [[Recall election|recallable]] at any moment. Council communists oppose the perceived authoritarian and undemocratic nature of [[central planning]] and of [[state socialism]], labelled [[state capitalism]], and the idea of a revolutionary party,<ref name="The New Blanquism">{{cite magazine |title=The New Blanquism |first=Antonie |last=Pannekoek |author-link=Antonie Pannekoek |magazine=Der Kommunist |location=Bremen |number=27 |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1920/blanquism.htm |date=1920 |access-date=31 July 2020 |via=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Anarchism and Council Communism on the Russian Revolution |first=Christos |last=Memos |journal=[[Anarchist Studies]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |url=https://www.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchist-studies/20-2/anarchism-and-council-communism-russian-revolution |pages=22–47 |date=Autumn–Winter 2012 |publisher=Lawrence & Wishart Ltd. |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129181048/https://www.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchist-studies/20-2/anarchism-and-council-communism-russian-revolution}}</ref> since council communists believe that a revolution led by a party would necessarily produce a [[party dictatorship]]. Council communists support a workers' democracy, produced through a federation of workers' councils. In contrast to those of [[social democracy]] and [[Leninist]] communism, the central argument of council communism is that democratic workers' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural forms of working-class organizations and governmental power.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gerber |first=John |author-link=John Paul Gerber |title=Anton Pannekoek and the Socialism of Workers' Self-Emancipation, 1873-1960 |year=1989 |publisher=Kluwer |location=Dordrecht |isbn=978-0792302742}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shipway |first=Mark |chapter=Council Communism |pages=104–126 |editor-first1=Maximilien |editor-last1=Rubel |editor-link1=Maximilien Rubel |editor-first2=John |editor-last2=Crump |title=Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries |year=1987 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York}}</ref> This view is opposed to both the [[reformist]]<ref name="Socialism and Labor Unionism">{{cite magazine|title=Socialism and Labor Unionism |first=Anton |last=Pannekoek |author-link=Anton Pannekoek |magazine=The New Review |volume=1 |number=18 |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1913/07/socialism-labor-unionism.htm |date=July 1913 |access-date=31 July 2020 |via=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]}}</ref> and the Leninist communist ideologies,{{r|The New Blanquism}} which respectively stress parliamentary and [[New institutionalism|institutional]] government by applying [[Reform movement|social reforms]] on the one hand, and [[vanguard parties]] and [[Participatory democracy|participative]] [[democratic centralism]] on the other.{{r|Socialism and Labor Unionism}}{{r|The New Blanquism}} ==== Left communism ==== {{main|Left communism}} Left communism is the range of communist viewpoints held by the communist left, which criticizes the political ideas and practices espoused, particularly following the series of revolutions that brought [[World War I]] to an end by [[Bolsheviks]] and [[social democrats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Communist Left in the Third International |first=Amadeo |last=Bordiga |author-link=Amadeo Bordiga |date=1926 |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1926/comintern.htm |access-date=23 September 2021 |website=www.marxists.org}}</ref> Left communists assert positions which they regard as more authentically [[Marxist]] and [[proletarian]] than the views of [[Marxism–Leninism]] espoused by the [[Communist International]] after its [[1st Congress of the Comintern|first congress]] (March 1919) and during its [[2nd World Congress of the Comintern|second congress]] (July–August 1920).{{r|Gorter et al. 2007}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bordiga |first1=Amadeo |author-link=Amadeo Bordiga |title=Dialogue with Stalin |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/bordiga/works/1952/stalin.htm |publisher=Marxists Internet Archive |access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ronald I. |last=Kowalski |title=The Bolshevik Party in Conflict: The Left Communist Opposition of 1918 |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |location=Basingstoke, England |date=1991 |isbn=978-1-349-10369-0 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-10367-6 |page=2}}</ref> Left communists represent a range of political movements distinct from [[Marxist–Leninists]], whom they largely view as merely the left-wing of [[Capital (economics)|capital]], from [[anarcho-communists]], some of whom they consider to be [[internationalist socialists]], and from various other revolutionary socialist tendencies, such as [[De Leonists]], whom they tend to see as being internationalist socialists only in limited instances.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.internationalism.org/book/export/html/761 |title=The Legacy of De Leonism, part III: De Leon's misconceptions on class struggle |date=2000–2001 |website=Internationalism}}</ref> [[Bordigism]] is a Leninist left-communist current named after [[Amadeo Bordiga]], who has been described as being "more Leninist than Lenin", and considered himself to be a Leninist.<ref>{{cite book |last=Piccone |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Piccone |date=1983 |title=Italian Marxism |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=134 |isbn=978-0-520-04798-3}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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