Cold War Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Aftermath of the Cuban Revolution=== {{Main|Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution|Bay of Pigs Invasion}} [[File:CheyFidel.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Che Guevara]] (left) and [[Fidel Castro]] (right) in 1961]] In [[Cuba]], the [[26th of July Movement]], led by young revolutionaries [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Che Guevara]], seized power in the [[Cuban Revolution]] on 1 January 1959, toppling President [[Fulgencio Batista]], whose unpopular regime had been denied arms by the Eisenhower administration.{{sfn|Blumberg|1995|pp=23–24}} Although Fidel Castro's first refused to categorize his new government as socialist and repeatedly denying being a communist, Castro appointed Marxists to senior government and military positions. Most significantly, Che Guevara became Governor of the Central Bank and then Minister of Industries.<ref>{{harvnb|Bourne|1986|pp=181–183}}; {{harvnb|Quirk|1993|pp=248–252}}; {{harvnb|Coltman|2003|p=162}}.</ref> [[Cuba–United States relations|Diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States]] continued for some time after Batista's fall, but President Eisenhower deliberately left the capital to avoid meeting Castro during the latter's trip to [[Washington, D.C.]] in April, leaving Vice President [[Richard Nixon]] to conduct the meeting in his place.{{sfn|Lechuga Hevia|2001|p=142}} Cuba began negotiating for arms purchases from the Eastern Bloc in March 1960.{{sfn|Dominguez|1989|p=22}} The same month, Eisenhower gave approval to [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] plans and funding to overthrow Castro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=It's Time to Stop Saying that JFK Inherited the Bay of Pigs Operation from Ike {{!}} History News Network|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161188|access-date=3 September 2020|website=historynewsnetwork.org|date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153536/https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161188|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 1961, just prior to leaving office, Eisenhower formally severed relations with the Cuban government. That April, the administration of newly elected American President [[John F. Kennedy]] mounted the unsuccessful CIA-organized [[Bay of Pigs Invasion|ship-borne invasion]] of the island by [[Cuban exodus|Cuban exiles]] at Playa Girón and Playa Larga in [[Santa Clara Province]]—a failure that publicly humiliated the United States.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=95}} Castro responded by publicly embracing [[Marxism–Leninism]], and the Soviet Union pledged to [[Cuba–Soviet Union relations|provide further support]].{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=95}} In December, the US government [[Operation Mongoose|began a campaign]] of [[Terrorism|terrorist]] attacks against Cuba and [[covert operations]] and sabotage against the administration, in an attempt to overthrow the Castro regime.{{refn|<ref name=Bacevich10>{{cite book |last1=Bacevich |first1=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Bacevich |title=Washington rules: America's path to permanent war |date=2010 |publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4299-4326-0 |pages=77–80 |edition=First}}</ref><ref name=Franklin16>{{cite book |last1=Franklin |first1=Jane |title=Cuba and the U.S. empire : a chronological history |date=2016 |publisher=[[New York University Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-58367-605-9 |pages=45–63, 388–392, ''[[List of Latin phrases (E)#et passim|et passim]]''}}</ref><ref name=NSArchive19>{{cite report |editor1-last=Prados |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Jimenez-Bacardi |editor2-first=Arturo |date=3 October 2019 |title=Kennedy and Cuba: Operation Mongoose |work=[[National Security Archive]] |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/cuba/2019-10-03/kennedy-cuba-operation-mongoose |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[The George Washington University]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |quote=The memorandum showed no concern for international law or the unspoken nature of these operations as terrorist attacks. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102010542/https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/cuba/2019-10-03/kennedy-cuba-operation-mongoose |archive-date=2 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CIP77>{{cite report |date=1977 |title=International Policy Report |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[Center for International Policy]] |pages=10–12 |quote=To coordinate and carry out its war of terror and destruction during the early 1960s, the CIA established a base of operations, known as [[JMWAVE]]}}</ref><ref name=Miller02>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Nicola |editor-last1=Carter |editor-first1=Dale |editor-last2=Clifton |editor-first2=Robin |chapter=The Real Gap in the Cuban Missile Crisis: The Post-Cold-War Historiography and Continued Omission of Cuba |title=War and Cold War in American foreign policy, 1942–62 |date=2002 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=Basingstoke |isbn=978-1-4039-1385-2 |pages=211–237}}</ref><ref name=Schou11>{{cite book |last1=Schoultz |first1=Lars |title=That infernal little Cuban republic : the United States and the Cuban Revolution |date=2009 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]] |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=978-0-8078-8860-5 |chapter=State Sponsored Terrorism |pages=170–211}}</ref>}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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