Communism Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===== Trotskyism ===== {{main|Trotskyism}} [[File:Mexico - Bellas Artes - Fresque Riviera « Man at the Crossroads ».JPG|thumb|Detail of ''Man, Controller of the Universe'', fresco at [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] in Mexico City showing [[Leon Trotsky]], [[Friedrich Engels]], and [[Karl Marx]]]] Trotskyism, developed by [[Leon Trotsky]] in opposition to [[Stalinism]],{{sfn|Patenaude|2017|p=199}} is a Marxist and Leninist tendency that supports the theory of [[permanent revolution]] and [[world revolution]] rather than the [[two-stage theory]] and Stalin's [[socialism in one country]]. It supported another communist revolution in the [[Soviet Union]] and [[proletarian internationalism]].{{sfn|Patenaude|2017|p=193}} Rather than representing the [[dictatorship of the proletariat]], Trotsky claimed that the Soviet Union had become a [[degenerated workers' state]] under the leadership of Stalin in which class relations had re-emerged in a new form. Trotsky's politics differed sharply from those of Stalin and Mao, most importantly in declaring the need for an international proletarian revolution—rather than socialism in one country—and support for a true dictatorship of the proletariat based on democratic principles. Struggling against Stalin for power in the Soviet Union, Trotsky and his supporters organized into the [[Left Opposition]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Robert V. |author1-link=Robert Vincent Daniels |title=A Documentary History of Communism in Russia |date=1993 |publisher=[[University of Vermont Press]] |location=Burlington, Vermont |isbn=978-0-87451-616-6 |pages=125–129, 158–159 |edition=3rd}}</ref> the platform of which became known as Trotskyism.{{sfn|Patenaude|2017|p=199}} In particular, Trotsky advocated for a [[decentralization|decentralised]] form of [[economic planning]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Twiss |first1=Thomas M. |title=Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy |date=8 May 2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-26953-8 |pages=105–106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3o2fAwAAQBAJ&dq=trotsky+decentralized+planning&pg=PA106 |language=en}}</ref> mass soviet [[democratization]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Ree |first1=Erik |title=Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment |journal=Studies in East European Thought |date=1998 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=77–117 |doi=10.1023/A:1008651325136 |jstor=20099669 |s2cid=146375012 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20099669 |issn=0925-9392}}</ref> elected representation of Soviet [[List of political parties in the Soviet Union|socialist parties]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deutscher |first1=Isaac |title=The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky |date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-78168-721-5 |pages=293 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGznDwAAQBAJ&q=isaac+deutscher+trotsky+the+prophet |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Trotsky |first1=Leon |title=The Revolution Betrayed: What is the Soviet Union and where is it Going? |date=1991 |publisher=Mehring Books |isbn=978-0-929087-48-1 |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hiCYS9Z3lDoC |language=en}}</ref> the tactic of a [[united front]] against far-right parties,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ticktin |first1=Hillel |title=Trotsky's political economy of capitalism. Brotherstone, Terence; Dukes, Paul,(eds) |date=1992 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-0317-6 |page=227}}</ref> [[cultural]] autonomy for artistic movements, <ref>{{cite book |last1=Eagleton |first1=Terry |title=Marxism and Literary Criticism |date=7 March 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-94783-6 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7k8t09BbIQC&q=trotsky+literature+and+revolution+socialist+realism |language=en}}</ref> voluntary [[collectivisation]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beilharz |first1=Peter |title=Trotsky, Trotskyism and the Transition to Socialism |date=19 November 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-70651-2 |pages=1–206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lfe-DwAAQBAJ&dq=trotsky+widely+acknowledged+collectivisation&pg=PT196 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rubenstein |first1=Joshua |title=Leon Trotsky : a revolutionary's life |date=2011 |publisher=New Haven : Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-13724-8 |page=161 |url=https://archive.org/details/leontrotskyrevol0000rube/page/160/mode/2up?q=forced+collectivization}}</ref> a [[The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International|transitional program]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Löwy |first1=Michael |title=The Theory of Revolution in the Young Marx |date=2005 |publisher=Haymarket Books |isbn=978-1-931859-19-6 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSrvmQeZyhoC&dq=trotsky+transitional+program&pg=PA191 |language=en}}</ref> and socialist [[proletarian internationalism|internationalism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=Michael |title=Trotsky and His Interpreters; or, Will the Real Leon Trotsky Please Stand up? |journal=The Russian Review |date=1992 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=84–102 |doi=10.2307/131248 |jstor=131248 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/131248}}</ref> Trotsky had the support of many party [[intellectuals]] but this was overshadowed by the huge apparatus which included the GPU and the party cadres who were at the disposal of Stalin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Volkogonov |first1=Dmitri |title=Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary |date=June 2008 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Limited |isbn=978-0-00-729166-3 |page=284 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BNwaOW1VgEC |language=en}}</ref> Stalin eventually succeeded in gaining control of the Soviet regime and Trotskyist attempts to remove Stalin from power resulted in Trotsky's exile from the Soviet Union in 1929. While in exile, Trotsky continued his campaign against Stalin, founding in 1938 the [[Fourth International]], a Trotskyist rival to the Comintern.<ref name="transitional">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/tp/index.htm |title=The Transitional Program |first=Leon |last=Trotsky |author-link=Leon Trotsky |date=May–June 1938 |magazine=Bulletin of the Opposition |access-date=5 November 2008}}</ref>{{sfn|Patenaude|2017|pp=189, 194}}{{sfn|Johnson|Walker|Gray|2014|loc=Fourth International (FI)|p=155}} In August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in [[Mexico City]] on Stalin's orders. Trotskyist currents include [[orthodox Trotskyism]], [[third camp]], [[Posadism]], and [[Pabloism]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.bolshevik.org/history/pabloism/Trpab-4.htm |title=A Letter to Trotskyists Throughout the World |date=16 November 1953 |magazine=[[The Militant]] |author-link=Socialist Workers Party (UK) |author=National Committee of the SWP}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.peacelandbread.com/post/on-the-problem-of-trotskyism |title=On the Problem of Trotskyism |first=Jeff |last=Korolev |date=27 September 2021 |journal=Peace, Land, and Bread |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163239/https://www.peacelandbread.com/post/on-the-problem-of-trotskyism |url-status=dead }}</ref> The economic platform of a [[planned economy]] combined with an authentic [[socialist democracy|worker's democracy]] as originally advocated by Trotsky has constituted the programme of the Fourth International and the modern Trotskyist movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weber |first1=Wolfgang |title=Solidarity in Poland, 1980-1981 and the Perspective of Political Revolution |date=1989 |publisher=Mehring Books |isbn=978-0-929087-30-6 |page=ix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-FCyCDv9QswC&dq=trotskyists+planned+economy+workers+democracy+programme&pg=PR9 |language=en}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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