HIV/AIDS Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Opportunistic infections === {{main article|Opportunistic infection#Opportunistic Infection and HIV/AIDS}} Measures to prevent opportunistic infections are effective in many people with HIV/AIDS. In addition to improving current disease, treatment with antiretrovirals reduces the risk of developing additional opportunistic infections.<ref name=Montessori2004/> Adults and adolescents who are living with HIV (even on anti-retroviral therapy) with no evidence of active tuberculosis in settings with high tuberculosis burden should receive [[Isoniazid|isoniazid preventive therapy]] (IPT); the [[Mantoux test|tuberculin skin test]] can be used to help decide if IPT is needed.<ref name="WHOHIVTB2011">{{cite web |title=Guidelines for intensified tuberculosis case-finding and isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in resource-constrained settings |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241500708_eng.pdf?ua=1 |website=Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization 2011 |format=PDF |date=2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019114659/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241500708_eng.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 }}</ref> Children with HIV may benefit from screening for tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Vonasek|first1=Bryan|last2=Ness|first2=Tara|last3=Takwoingi|first3=Yemisi|last4=Kay|first4=Alexander W|last5=van Wyk|first5=Susanna S|last6=Ouellette|first6=Lara|last7=Marais|first7=Ben J|last8=Steingart|first8=Karen R|last9=Mandalakas|first9=Anna M|date=June 28, 2021|title=Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2021|issue=6|pages=CD013693|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013693.pub2|issn=1465-1858|pmid=34180536|pmc=8237391}}</ref> [[Vaccination]] against [[hepatitis]] A and B is advised for all people at risk of HIV before they become infected; however, it may also be given after infection.<ref name="Laurence">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laurence J |title=Hepatitis A and B virus immunization in HIV-infected persons |journal=The AIDS Reader |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=15β17 |date=January 2006 |pmid=16433468}}</ref> [[Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]] prophylaxis between four and six weeks of age, and ceasing breastfeeding of infants born to HIV-positive mothers, is recommended in resource-limited settings.<ref name="UN2011ONESIXTY">UNAIDS 2011 pg. 150β160</ref> It is also recommended to prevent PCP when a person's CD4 count is below 200 cells/uL and in those who have or have previously had PCP.<ref name="PCP2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang L, Cattamanchi A, Davis JL, den Boon S, Kovacs J, Meshnick S, Miller RF, Walzer PD, Worodria W, Masur H |title=HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia |journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=294β300 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21653531 |pmc=3132788 |doi=10.1513/pats.201009-062WR}}</ref> People with substantial immunosuppression are also advised to receive prophylactic therapy for [[toxoplasmosis]] and [[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection|MAC]].<ref name="PEPpocketguide">{{cite web |publisher=[[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] |date=February 2, 2007 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5315a1.htm |access-date=July 26, 2018 |title=Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024527/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5315a1.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Appropriate preventive measures reduced the rate of these infections by 50% between 1992 and 1997.<ref name="InfectionBook2008"/> [[Influenza vaccination]] and [[pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine]] are often recommended in people with HIV/AIDS with some evidence of benefit.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Beck CR, McKenzie BC, Hashim AB, Harris RC, Zanuzdana A, Agboado G, etal |title=Influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients: summary of a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses |volume=7 |pages=72β75 |date=September 2013 |issue=Suppl 2 |pmid=24034488 |pmc=5909396 |doi=10.1111/irv.12084}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee KY, Tsai MS, Kuo KC, Tsai JC, Sun HY, Cheng AC, Chang SY, Lee CH, Hung CC |title=Pneumococcal vaccination among HIV-infected adult patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy |journal=[[Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics]] |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=3700β10 |date=2014 |pmid=25483681 |pmc=4514044 |doi=10.4161/hv.32247}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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