Louisiana Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Race and ethnicity=== {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;" |+ style="font-size:90%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] |- ! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone ! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total |- | [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White (non-Hispanic)]] |align=right| {{bartable|55.8|%|2||background:gray}} |align=right| {{bartable|58.7|%|2||background:gray}} |- | [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]] |align=right| {{bartable|31.2|%|2||background:mediumblue}} |align=right| {{bartable|32.6|%|2||background:mediumblue}} |- | [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}} |align=right| {{bartable}} |align=right| {{bartable|6.9|%|2||background:green}} |- | [[Asian Americans|Asian]] |align=right| {{bartable|1.8|%|2||background:purple}} |align=right| {{bartable|2.3|%|2||background:purple}} |- | Native American |align=right| {{bartable|0.6|%|2||background:gold}} |align=right| {{bartable|1.9|%|2||background:gold}} |- | [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] |align=right| {{bartable|0.04|%|2||background:pink}} |align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}} |- | Other |align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}} |align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:brown}} |} [[File:Louisiana counties by race.svg|thumb|216x216px|Map of parishes in Louisiana by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census{{Collapsible list | title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}} '''Non-Hispanic White''' {{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}} {{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}} {{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}} {{legend|#85200c|70–80%}} {{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}} {{legend|#410b00|90%+}} {{col-2}} '''Black or African American''' {{legend|#ffe599|40–50%}} {{legend|#ffd966|50–60%}} {{legend|#f1c232|60–70%}} {{legend|#bf9000|70–80%}} {{col-end}} }}]] Several [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribes such as the [[Atakapa]] and [[Caddo]] inhabited Louisiana before European colonization, concentrated along the [[Red River of the South|Red River]] and Gulf of Mexico.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joseph T. Butler|first=Jr.|date=1970|title=The Atakapa Indians: Cannibals of Louisiana|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231120|journal=Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association|volume=11|issue=2|pages=167–176|jstor=4231120|issn=0024-6816|access-date=August 18, 2021|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213453/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231120|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Atakapa Indians|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/atakapa-indians|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=TSHA|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213454/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/atakapa-indians}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Early Caddo History – El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/elte/learn/historyculture/caddo-early-history.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=National Park Service|language=en|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213453/https://www.nps.gov/elte/learn/historyculture/caddo-early-history.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Caddo Nation – Know Louisiana|url=https://64parishes.org/entry/caddo-nation|access-date=2021-08-18|website=64 Parishes|language=en|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213455/https://64parishes.org/entry/caddo-nation|url-status=live}}</ref> At the beginning of French and Spanish colonization of Louisiana, [[White Americans|white]] and black Americans began to move into the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Louisiana as a French Colony {{!}} Articles and Essays {{!}} Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/louisiana-european-explorations-and-the-louisiana-purchase/articles-and-essays/louisiana-as-a-french-colony/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Library of Congress|archive-date=August 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821221602/https://www.loc.gov/collections/louisiana-european-explorations-and-the-louisiana-purchase/articles-and-essays/louisiana-as-a-french-colony/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Louisiana as a Spanish Colony {{!}} Articles and Essays {{!}} Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/louisiana-european-explorations-and-the-louisiana-purchase/articles-and-essays/louisiana-as-a-spanish-colony/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Library of Congress|archive-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008195718/https://www.loc.gov/collections/louisiana-european-explorations-and-the-louisiana-purchase/articles-and-essays/louisiana-as-a-spanish-colony/}}</ref> From French and Spanish rule in Louisiana, they were joined by [[Filipino Americans|Filipinos]], [[German Americans|Germans]] and Spaniards both slave and free, who settled in enclaves within the Greater New Orleans region and Acadiana;<ref>{{cite web|title="Ancestors in the Americas" : Timeline|url=https://www.pbs.org/ancestorsintheamericas/time_06.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=PBS|archive-date=March 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321101112/http://www.pbs.org/ancestorsintheamericas/time_06.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Aráullo|first=Kirby|title=The Earliest Asian American Settlement Was Established by Filipino Fishermen|url=https://www.history.com/news/first-asian-american-settlement-filipino-st-malo|access-date=2021-08-18|website=HISTORY|date=May 12, 2021 |language=en|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213455/https://www.history.com/news/first-asian-american-settlement-filipino-st-malo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=German Settlers in Louisiana and New Orleans|url=https://www.hnoc.org/research/german-settlers-louisiana-and-new-orleans|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Historic New Orleans Collection|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119053926/https://www.hnoc.org/research/german-settlers-louisiana-and-new-orleans}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Getting to Gemütlichkeit: German History and Culture in Southeast Louisiana|url=https://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/German.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Louisiana Folk Life|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213454/https://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/German.html}}</ref> some of the Spanish-descended communities became the [[Isleños (Louisiana)|Isleños]] of [[St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana|St. Bernard Parish]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Isleños |url=https://64parishes.org/entry/islenos |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=64 Parishes |language=en}}</ref> By the 19th and 20th centuries, the state's most-populous racial and ethnic group fluctuated between white and black Americans; 47% of the population was [[African Americans|black or African American]] in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990|url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2002/demo/POP-twps0056.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=August 12, 2012|website=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html}}</ref> The [[African Americans in Louisiana|black Louisianian]] population declined following migration to states including New York and California in efforts to flee Jim Crow regulations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Legacy of Great Migration of black people from the South lives on, speakers say|url=https://www.nola.com/news/article_0dc3a162-f86b-57ad-b52c-e2b13ff9a719.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=NOLA.com|date=March 10, 2018 |language=en|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213453/https://www.nola.com/news/article_0dc3a162-f86b-57ad-b52c-e2b13ff9a719.html}}</ref> At the end of the 20th century, Louisiana's population has experienced diversification again, and its [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|non-Hispanic or non-Latino American white]] population has been declining.<ref name=":3" /> Since 2020, the black or African American population have made up the largest non-white share of youths.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frey|first=William H.|date=August 13, 2021|title=New 2020 census results show increased diversity countering decade-long declines in America's white and youth populations|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/new-2020-census-results-show-increased-diversity-countering-decade-long-declines-in-americas-white-and-youth-populations/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Brookings|language=en-US|quote=In several southern states ranging from Louisiana to Virginia, black youths make up the largest nonwhite share.|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213458/https://www.brookings.edu/research/new-2020-census-results-show-increased-diversity-countering-decade-long-declines-in-americas-white-and-youth-populations/}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] have also increased as the second-largest racial and ethnic composition in the state, making up nearly 7% of Louisiana's population at the 2020 census.<ref name=":3" /> As of 2018,<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=American Community Survey 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Louisiana%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&hidePreview=false|url-status=live|access-date=October 28, 2020|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-date=November 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105061150/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Louisiana%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&hidePreview=false}}</ref> the largest single Hispanic and Latino American ethnicity were [[Mexican Americans]] (2.0%), followed by [[Puerto Ricans]] (0.3%) and [[Cuban Americans]] (0.2%). Other Hispanic and Latino Americans altogether made up 2.6% of Louisiana's Hispanic or Latino American population. The [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] and [[Multiracial Americans|multiracial]] communities have also experienced rapid growth,<ref name=":3" /> with many of Louisiana's multiracial population identifying as [[Cajuns|Cajun]] or [[Louisiana Creole people|Louisiana Creole]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New origin options for 2020 census could provide useful Cajun, Creole data|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/coronavirus/article_940221f2-7387-11ea-96f6-87e4a08768c8.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Advocate|date=April 2020 |language=en|archive-date=October 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016031931/https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/coronavirus/article_940221f2-7387-11ea-96f6-87e4a08768c8.html}}</ref> At the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], the largest ancestry groups of Louisiana were African American (31.4%), [[French Americans|French]] (9.6%), German (6.2%), [[English Americans|English]] (4.6%), [[Italian Americans|Italian]] (4.2%), and [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]] (0.9%).<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Selected Social Characteristics|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US22&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP02&hidePreview=true|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=United States Census Bureau|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213453/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US22&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP02&hidePreview=true}}</ref> African American and French heritage have been dominant since colonial Louisiana. As of 2011, 49.0% of Louisiana's population younger than age{{spaces}}1 were minorities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|last=Exner|first=Rich|date=June 3, 2012|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|access-date=February 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|archive-date=July 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! 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