Desmond Tutu Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ====Dismantling of apartheid==== [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|right|Tutu welcomed Mandela (pictured) to Bishopscourt when the latter was released from prison and later organised the religious component of his presidential inauguration ceremony.]] In February 1990, de Klerk lifted the ban on political parties like the ANC; Tutu telephoned him to praise the move.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=135|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=313}} De Klerk then announced Nelson Mandela's release from prison; at the ANC's request, Mandela and his wife Winnie stayed at Bishopscourt on the former's first night of freedom.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1pp=135β136|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=313|3a1=Sampson|3y=2011|3p=409}} Tutu and Mandela met for the first time in 35 years at [[Cape Town City Hall]], where Mandela spoke to the assembled crowds.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=314}} Tutu invited Mandela to attend an Anglican synod of bishops in February 1990, at which the latter described Tutu as the "people's archbishop".{{sfn|Allen|2006|pp=315β316}} There, Tutu and the bishops called for an end to foreign sanctions once the transition to [[universal suffrage]] was "irreversible", urged anti-apartheid groups to end armed struggle, and banned Anglican clergy from belonging to political parties.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=316}} Many clergy were angry that the latter was being imposed without consultation, although Tutu defended it, stating that priests affiliating with political parties would prove divisive, particularly amid growing inter-party violence.{{sfn|Allen|2006|pp=320β321}} In March, violence broke out between supporters of the ANC and of [[Inkatha Freedom Party|Inkatha]] in [[kwaZulu]]; Tutu joined the SACC delegation in talks with Mandela, de Klerk, and Inkatha leader [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi]] in [[Ulundi]].{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=317}} Church leaders urged Mandela and Buthelezi to hold a joint rally to quell the violence.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=319}} Although Tutu's relationship with Buthelezi had always been strained, particularly due to Tutu's opposition to Buthelezi's collaboration in the government's [[Bantustan]] system, Tutu repeatedly visited Buthelezi to encourage his involvement in the democratic process.{{sfn|Allen|2006|pp=318β319}} As the ANC-Inkatha violence spread from [[kwaZulu]] into the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], Tutu toured affected townships in [[Witwatersrand]],{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=137|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2pp=321β322}} later meeting with victims of the [[Sebokeng]] and [[Boipatong massacre]]s.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1pp=137β139|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2pp=323, 329}} Like many activists, Tutu believed a "[[Third Force (South Africa)|third force]]" was stoking tensions between the ANC and Inkatha; it later emerged that intelligence agencies were supplying Inkatha with weapons to weaken the ANC's negotiating position.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=138|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=325}} Unlike some ANC figures, Tutu never accused de Klerk of personal complicity in this.{{sfn|Allen|2006|pp=325β326}} In November 1990, Tutu organised a "summit" at Bishopscourt attended by both church and black political leaders in which he encouraged the latter to call on their supporters to avoid violence and allow free political campaigning.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=138|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=328}} After the [[South African Communist Party]] leader [[Chris Hani]] was assassinated, Tutu spoke at Hani's funeral outside Soweto.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=140|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2pp=333β334}} Experiencing physical exhaustion and ill-health,{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=327}} Tutu then undertook a four-month sabbatical at [[Emory University]]'s Candler School of Theology in Atlanta, Georgia.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=138|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=329}} Tutu was exhilarated by the prospect of South Africa transforming towards universal suffrage via a negotiated transition rather than civil war.{{sfn|Allen|2006|p=315}} He allowed his face to be used on posters encouraging people to vote.{{sfn|Gish|2004|p=142}} When the [[South African general election, 1994|April 1994 multi-racial general election]] took place, Tutu was visibly exuberant, telling reporters that "we are on cloud nine".{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=142|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=338}} He voted in Cape Town's [[Gugulethu]] township.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=142|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=338}} The ANC won the election and Mandela was declared president, heading a government of national unity.{{sfnm|1a1=Gish|1y=2004|1p=143|2a1=Allen|2y=2006|2p=339}} Tutu attended Mandela's inauguration ceremony; he had planned its religious component, insisting that Christian, Muslim, Jewish, and Hindu leaders all take part.{{sfn|Allen|2006|pp=338β339}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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