Child sexual abuse Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Children and adolescents=== Children often present for treatment in one of several circumstances, including criminal investigations, custody battles, problematic behaviors, and referrals from child welfare agencies.<ref name=NCCAN>{{Cite book|author1=Cynthia Winn |author2=Anthony J. Urquiza |title=Treatment For Abused And Neglected Children: Infancy To Age 18 β User Manual Series |publisher=Diane Pub Co |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7881-1661-2 }}{{page needed|date=November 2013}}</ref> The three major modalities for therapy with children and adolescents are [[family therapy]], [[Group psychotherapy|group therapy]], and [[psychotherapy|individual therapy]]. Which course is used depends on a variety of factors that must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. For instance, treatment of young children generally requires strong parental involvement and can benefit from family therapy. Adolescents tend to be more independent; they can benefit from individual or group therapy. The modality also shifts during the course of treatment; for example, group therapy is rarely used in the initial stages, as the subject matter is very personal and/or embarrassing.<ref name=NCCAN/> In a 2012 systematic review, [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|cognitive behavior therapy]] showed potential in treating the adverse consequences of child sexual abuse.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=G|first1=Macdonald|last2=Jp|first2=Higgins|last3=P|first3=Ramchandani|last4=Jc|first4=Valentine|last5=Lp|first5=Bronger|last6=P|first6=Klein|last7=R|first7=O'Daniel|last8=M|first8=Pickering|last9=B|first9=Rademaker|date=2012-05-16|title=Cognitive-behavioural Interventions for Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2012 |issue=5|pages=CD001930|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001930.pub3|pmc=7061273|pmid=22592679}}</ref> Major factors that affect both the pathology and response to treatment include the type and severity of the sexual act, its frequency, the age at which it occurred, and the child's family of origin. Roland C. Summit, a medical doctor, defined the different stages the victims of child sexual abuse go through, called [[child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome]]. He suggested that children who are victims of sexual abuse display a range of symptoms that include secrecy, helplessness, entrapment, accommodation, delayed and conflicted disclosure and recantation.<ref name="Summit">{{cite journal|last=Summit|first=Roland C.|title=The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome|journal=Child Abuse & Neglect|date=January 1983|volume=7|issue=22|pmid=6605796|doi=10.1016/0145-2134(83)90070-4|pages=177β93|s2cid=4547031 }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page