The Times

==Typeface==
''The Times'' is the originator of the widely used [[Times New Roman]] typeface, originally developed by [[Stanley Morison]] of ''The Times'' in collaboration with [[Monotype Imaging]] for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006, ''The Times'' began printing headlines in a new typeface, [[Times New Roman#Later typefaces used by The Times|Times Modern]]. ''The Times'' was printed in [[broadsheet]] format for 219 years, but switched to [[compact (newspaper)|compact]] size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. ''The Sunday Times'' remains a broadsheet.

{{quote box|The… typeface — The Times New Roman — debuted on October 3, 1932… The design was exclusively available to ''The Times'' for one year, and then made available to other customers on October 3, 1933. (Documented in a few places, but the reference I have in front of me is The Monotype Recorder vol. XXXI, no. 247, from September–October 1932. Complicating matters, this was misprinted as being vol. XXI, no. 246.)

This is the big one: the previous face was not known as Times Old Roman. Jeez. Just think about it: why would something be known as "old" whatever before there was a new version? In fact — and this is documented in ''Printing in the Twentieth Century'' (published by ''The Times''), The Monotype Recorder, and elsewhere — the various typefaces used before the introduction (The) Times New Roman {{sic}} didn't really have a formal name.

They were a suite of types originally made by Miller and Co. (later Miller & Richards) in Edinburgh around 1813, generally referred to as "modern". When The Times began using Monotype (and other hot-metal machines) in 1908, this design was remade by Monotype for its equipment. As near as I can tell, it looks like Monotype Series no. 1 – Modern (which was based on a Miller & Richards typeface) – was what was used up until 1932.|salign=right|width=50%|Dan Rhatigan, type director<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultrasparky.org/archives/2011/08/it_was_never_ca.html|website=Ultrasparky|title=It was never called Times Old Roman|date=19 August 2011|access-date=13 December 2015|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012192243/http://ultrasparky.org/archives/2011/08/it_was_never_ca.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

[[File:Times New Roman-sample.svg|thumb|right|An example of the ''[[Times New Roman]]'' typeface]]
In 1908, ''The Times'' started using the ''Monotype Modern'' typeface.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Tally of Types|author=Morison|year=1953|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=15}}</ref>

''The Times'' commissioned the [[serif]] [[typeface]] ''[[Times New Roman]]'', created by [[Victor Lardent]] at the English branch of [[Monotype Corporation|Monotype]], in 1931.<ref name="loxley">{{cite book|last=Loxley|first=Simon|title=Type: the secret history of letters |publisher=I. B. Tauris |year=2006|pages=130–131|isbn=1-84511-028-5}}</ref> It was commissioned after [[Stanley Morison]] had written an article criticizing ''The Times'' for being badly printed and typographically antiquated.<ref name="oxdnb">{{cite book |last=Carter|first=H. G.|others=rev. David McKitterick |chapter=Morison, Stanley Arthur (1889–1967) |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|title=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]}}</ref> The typeface was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent, an artist from the advertising department of ''The Times''. Morison used an older typeface named [[Plantin (typeface)|Plantin]] as the basis for his design, but made revisions for legibility and economy of space. ''Times New Roman'' made its debut in the issue of 3 October 1932.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.typolis.de/version1/engl/ftimes.htm |title=TYPOlis: Times New Roman |website=Typolis.de |date=3 October 1932 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717043052/http://www.typolis.de/version1/engl/ftimes.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> After one year, the design was released for commercial sale. ''The Times'' stayed with ''Times New Roman'' for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from [[broadsheet]] to [[tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch typeface five times since 1972. However, all the new typeface have been variants of the original New Roman type:
* ''Times Europa'' was designed by [[Walter Tracy]] in 1972 for ''The Times'', as a sturdier alternative to the Times font family, designed for the demands of faster printing presses and cheaper paper. The typeface features more open counter spaces.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34aLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT345|title=The Essential Type Directory: A Sourcebook of Over 1,800 Typefaces and Their Histories|last=Dawson|first=Peter|date=17 December 2019|publisher=Running Press|isbn=978-0-7624-6851-5|pages=345 <!-- &pg=PT345 -->|language=en|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=21 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321131615/https://books.google.com/books?id=34aLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT345#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Times Roman'' replaced ''Times Europa'' on 30 August 1982.<ref name="Driver2006">{{cite news |last1=Driver |first1=David |title=After 221 years, the world's leading newspaper shows off a fresh face |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/after-221-years-the-worlds-leading-newspaper-shows-off-a-fresh-face-vxs5wkc0ch6 |access-date=23 June 2018 |work=The Times |date=20 November 2006 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=24 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010621/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/after-221-years-the-worlds-leading-newspaper-shows-off-a-fresh-face-vxs5wkc0ch6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Times Millennium'' was made in 1991,<ref name="Driver2006" /> drawn by Gunnlaugur Briem on the instructions of Aurobind Patel, composing manager of News International.
* ''Times Classic'' first appeared in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fontshop.com/features/fontmag/002/02_news/ |title=Typography of News Bigger, faster, better |website=Fontshop.com |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214084026/http://www.fontshop.com/features/fontmag/002/02_news/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Designed as an economical face by the British type team of Dave Farey and Richard Dawson, it took advantage of the new PC-based publishing system at the newspaper, while obviating the production shortcomings of its predecessor ''Times Millennium''. The new typeface included 120 letters per font. Initially the family comprised ten fonts, but a condensed version was added in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=Times® Font Family Typeface Story |url=https://www.fonts.com/font/linotype/times/story |website=Fonts.com |access-date=11 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017171231/https://www.fonts.com/font/linotype/times/story |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Times Modern'' was unveiled on 20 November 2006, as the successor of ''Times Classic''.<ref name="Driver2006" /> Designed for improving legibility in smaller font sizes, it uses 45-degree angled bracket serifs. The typeface was published by Elsner + Flake as ''EF Times Modern''; it was designed by Research Studios, led by Ben Preston (deputy editor of The Times) and designer Neville Brody.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=184449 |title=Neville Brody's Research Studios Creates New Font and Design Changes for The Times as Compact Format Continues to Attract Loyal Readership |location=London |publisher=PR Newswire |date=15 November 2006 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523125758/http://www2.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=184449 |url-status=live }}</ref>