Haiti Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ====State of Haiti, Kingdom of Haiti and the Republic (1806–1820)==== {{main|State of Haiti|Kingdom of Haiti}} [[File:Citadelle Laferrière Aerial View.jpg|thumb|left|[[Citadelle Laferrière]], built 1805–1822, is the largest [[fortress]] in the Americas, and is considered locally to be an [[eighth wonder of the world]].<ref name="Reading Eagle"/>]] After Dessalines' death Haiti became split into two, with the [[Kingdom of Haiti]] in the north directed by Henri Christophe, later declaring himself [[Henri Christophe|Henri I]], and a republic in the south centered on Port-au-Prince, directed by [[Alexandre Pétion]], an ''homme de couleur''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3lPaBA9nMZkC |title=Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography |last=Bell |first= Madison Smartt |publisher=New York: Pantheon, 2007 (Vintage Books, 2008) |isbn=978-1-4000-7935-3|date=10 June 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/haitian-revolution-1791-1804 | title=Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) |last=Sutherland |first= Claudia E. | date=16 July 2007 |access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |jstor=494418 |title=Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History |journal=The History Teacher |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=33–41 |date=Nov 1998 |last=Peguero |first= Valentina |doi=10.2307/494418 |s2cid=141205471 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |jstor=10.1086/526481 |title=Preoccupied with Haiti: The Dream of Diaspora in African American Art, 1915–1942 |journal=American Art |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=74–97 |date=Fall 2007 |last=Thompson |first= Krista A |doi=10.1086/526481 |s2cid=161805052 }}</ref><ref name="Bradt13"/> Christophe established a semi-feudal [[corvée]] system, with a rigid education and economic code.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/henri-christophe |title=Henri Christophe: Biography |publisher=Answers.com |access-date=24 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915011325/http://www.answers.com/topic/henri-christophe |archive-date=15 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pétion's republic was less absolutist, and he initiated a series of land reforms which benefited the peasant class.<ref name="Bradt13"/> President Pétion also gave military and financial assistance to the revolutionary leader [[Simón Bolívar]], which were critical in enabling him to liberate the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Simón Bolívar: essays on the life and legacy of the liberator |editor1=Bushnell, David |editor2=Lester Langley |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2008 |page=5 |isbn=978-0-7425-5619-5 }}</ref> Meanwhile, the French, who had managed to maintain a precarious control of eastern Hispaniola, were [[Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo|defeated]] by insurgents led by [[Juan Sánchez Ramírez]], with the area returning to Spanish rule in 1809 following the [[Battle of Palo Hincado]].<ref name="RECONQUEST">{{cite news|date=29 July 2010 <!-- to 13:04 -->|url=http://www.jmarcano.com/mipais/historia/batallas/phincado.html|title=La Reconquista: Batalla de Palo Hincado (La Reconquista: Battle of Palo Hincado) (In Spanish)|publisher=Mi país: Historia (My Country)|access-date=11 September 2010 <!-- at 3:45 -->|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630145140/http://www.jmarcano.com/mipais/historia/batallas/phincado.html|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page