City of license Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===The short-spaced station=== To avoid [[co-channel interference]], a minimum distance is maintained between stations operating on the same frequency in different markets. On [[VHF]], full-power stations are typically 175 miles or more apart before the same channel is used again. An otherwise-desirable channel may therefore be unavailable to a community unless either it is operated at greatly reduced-height and power, forced onto a strongly directional antenna pattern to protect the distant co-channel station or relocated to some other, more distant location in the region to maintain proper spacing. The choice of another community as home for a station can be one possible means to avoid short-spacing, effectively shifting the entire station's coverage area to maintain the required distances between transmitters. {|class="wikitable" |- !Broadcaster !City !Community of license !Comments |- ||[[CJOH-TV|CJOH-TV-6]] [[CTV Television Network|CTV]] ||[[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] ||[[Deseronto, Ontario]] ||Transmitter primarily served Kingston, but its construction at full-power in Kingston itself would have resulted in interference to a small part of the [[CBMT]] ([[CBC Television|CBC]] 6 [[Montreal]]) coverage area. The station was therefore built further west, on Mount Carmel in Deseronto, to cover Kingston and [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]]. (The last of CJOH's rebroadcasters were taken [[dark (broadcasting)|dark]] in 2020.) Co-channel [[CIII-TV]] 6 ([[Global Television Network|Global]]) would in turn be pushed westward to [[Paris, Ontario]], when it signed on a few years later, causing it to need a powerful [[UHF]] rebroadcaster to adequately cover the [[Toronto]] area. |- ||[[CJOH-TV|CJOH-TV-8]] [[CTV Television Network|CTV]] ||[[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]] ||[[Cornwall, Ontario]] ||[[CJSS-TV]] 8 Cornwall was the first Canadian OTA TV station to fail; it was a local CBC TV affiliate station originating content from 1959 to 1963 but could not compete with the network's owned-and-operated station, [[CBMT]] 6 Montreal. Ernie Bushnell purchased CJSS-TV 8 to rebroadcast his [[Ottawa, Ontario|Ottawa]] CTV member station CJOH-TV into the Montreal market. The VHF 8 slot could not be assigned to Montréal directly, in order to protect co-channel [[WMTW (TV)|WMTW]]. As a [[rimshot (broadcasting)|rimshot]], channel 8 was carried on cable in Montreal for many years; it was ultimately dropped from Vidéotron as, once CJOH-TV and [[CFCF-TV]] were both owned by the network, they were largely duplicating the same programming. [[Bell Media]] pulled the plug on the station in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2017/2017-149.htm|title=Bell Media Inc. – Licence renewals for English-language television stations and services|date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> |- ||[[WWNY-TV|WCNY-TV]] 7 [[CBS Television Network|CBS]] (now WWNY-TV) ||[[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] ||[[Carthage, New York]] ||Watertown is close to a long list of places - Montréal (155 mi), Ottawa (100 mi), Toronto (175 mi), Buffalo (165 mi), Rochester (105 mi), Binghamton (130 mi), Albany (140 mi) and Plattsburgh-Burlington (130 mi and 140 mi) - too far to receive OTA TV from any of them, but too close to use the same channels again. Syracuse and Utica (75 mi) may or may not be receivable. Once VHF 11 had been assigned to Canada, there's nothing left.{{efn|Watertown NY in 1952-54 would have been free to request allotment of any full-power VHF TV channel which is not co-channel to [[CBFT-DT|2 Montréal]], [[WGRZ-TV|2 Buffalo]], [[WSTM-TV|3 Syracuse]], [[WCAX|3 Burlington]], [[CBOT-DT|4 Ottawa]], [[WIVB-TV|4 Buffalo]], [[WRGB|4 Albany]], [[WROC-TV|5 Rochester]], [[WPTZ|5 North Pole]], [[CBMT-DT|6 Montreal]], [[WKBW-TV|7 Buffalo]], [[WTVH|8 Syracuse]], [[CJSS-TV|8 Cornwall]], [[CBOFT-DT|9 Ottawa]], [[WHEC-TV|10 Rochester]], [[CFTM-DT|10 Montréal]], [[WTEN|10 Albany]], [[CKWS-DT|11 Kingston]], [[WBNG-TV|12 Binghamton]], [[CFCF-DT|12 Montreal]] or [[WKTV|13 Utica]]. There were also minimum distances between adjacent-channel stations.}} Watertown was allotted UHF 48; a 1952 construction permit listed WWNY-TV Watertown, New York, as community of license.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dumonthistory.com/a11.html|title = DuMont Television Network | Historical Web Site}}</ref> WWNY returned the UHF 48 permit unbuilt{{efn|Many early permits were left unbuilt and eventually cancelled as the vast majority of the UHF pioneers who launched during the 1952 land rush were already [[dark (broadcasting)|out of business]], most within the first year. The [[All-Channel Receiver Act]] required UHF tuners in all 1964-model or later US TV receivers; that's too late for many stations which launched in the 1950s. ACRA did not apply to Canada, where 12-channel TV's continued to be sold through the 1960s.}} on March 10, 1954<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uhfhistory.com/45-83.html|title=History of UHF Television|website=uhfhistory.com}}</ref> in exchange for WCNY-TV 7 Carthage (a tiny hamlet ten miles further east). That pushed the station clear of Buffalo; it signed on from Champion Hill on October 22, 1954, and never looked back. (Buffalo signed on [[WKBW-TV]] 7 on the same channel, 175 miles away, in 1958.) The studio was moved to Watertown in 1971 and the signal moved from VHF DT7 to VHF DT8 in the 2020 repack, but the transmitter and license remain at their original location. UHF finally came to Watertown in 1971, when non-commercial [[WPBS-TV|WNPE/WNPI]] signed on from "[[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] and [[Norwood, New York|Norwood]]".{{efn|Watertown's market boundaries are drawn to include [[Massena, New York|Massena]], some 90mi distant. A single full-power UHF transmitter is not enough to cover the entire market. Non-commercial [[WPBS-TV]] avoided this issue by signing on two full-power transmitters (Watertown and Norwood) with identical content. A commercial station likely could not do the same without proof of economic hardship in some form. [[KVRR]] (four full-power VHF transmitters) is one such commercial station, but only qualifies due to an extreme rural location on the North Dakota border.}} Cross-border rival [[CKWS-DT|CKWS 11]] [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] did make it to air a few months after WWNY, but all subsequent new entrants were forced to outlying communities or UHF on both sides of the border. |- ||[[WITI (TV)|WITI]] 6 [[Fox Broadcasting|Fox]]; [[CBS]] at the time ||[[Milwaukee]] ||[[Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin]] ||WITI originally signed on in 1956 with the North Shore suburb of Whitefish Bay as nominal community of license<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milwaukee-horror-hosts.com/MilwTV.html |title=Milwaukee TV Horror Hosts - TV History |publisher=Milwaukee-horror-hosts.com |access-date=2010-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827161216/http://milwaukee-horror-hosts.com/MilwTV.html |archive-date=2008-08-27 }}</ref> operating from a transmission site far north of Milwaukee in the then-rural [[Ozaukee County, Wisconsin|Ozaukee County]] town of [[Mequon, Wisconsin|Mequon]] (which has since been incorporated as the City of Mequon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fybush.com/sites/2006/site-060324.html |title=A selection from a decade of visits to tower and studio sites in the Northeast and beyond |publisher=Fybush.com |access-date=2010-02-21}}</ref> as the allocation of VHF 6 to Milwaukee itself at the time would have left the station short-spaced to [[WLNS|WJIM-TV]] in [[Lansing, Michigan]], and [[KWQC-TV|WOC-TV]] in [[Davenport, Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milwaukeehdtv.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4105 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510031810/http://www.milwaukeehdtv.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4105 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-05-10 |title=WISN-TV's 50th Anniversary - MilwaukeeHDTV.org Forums |publisher=Milwaukeehdtv.org |access-date=2010-02-21 }}</ref> By 1962, its [[WITI TV Tower|new transmitter]] in [[Shorewood, Wisconsin|Shorewood]] was activated, and its community of license was shifted to Milwaukee as the FCC learned how to better finesse distancing requirements and allow some exceptions depending on area geography.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gary Shea |url=http://www.garyshea.com/Archives/tv_history.htm |title=Analog TV in Milwaukee History lecture review |publisher=Garyshea.com |access-date=2010-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104359/http://www.garyshea.com/Archives/tv_history.htm |archive-date=2009-01-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ||[[WKOP-TV|WETP]] 2 [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] ||[[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]<br />[[Tri-Cities, Tennessee|Tri-Cities]] ||[[Sneedville, Tennessee]] ||East Tennessee Public Television was founded in 1967 with a transmitter atop Short Mountain in tiny Sneedville (pop. 1000) as the only location which could reach both Knoxville and [[Johnson City, Tennessee]], on this frequency without being short-spaced to co-channel stations in [[WKRN-TV|Nashville]] to the west, [[WSB-TV|Atlanta]] to the south and [[WFMY-TV|Greensboro]] to the east. A local signal was extended into Knoxville itself in 1990 using WKOP, a [[UHF]] station. |} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page