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Do not fill this in! ==Types== Child sexual abuse includes a variety of sexual offenses, including: * ''[[sexual assault]]'' β a term defining offenses in which an adult uses a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification; for example, [[rape]] (including [[sodomy]]), and sexual penetration with an object.<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=David |last1=Finkelhor |first2=Richard |last2=Ormrod |url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/187238.pdf |title=Child Abuse Reported to the Police |journal=Juvenile Justice Bulletin |publisher=U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention |date=May 2001}}</ref> Most U.S. states include, in their definitions of sexual assault, any penetrative contact of a minor's body, however slight, if the contact is performed for the purpose of sexual gratification.<ref>[http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/defineall.pdf ''Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect, Summary of State Laws,''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025174014/http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/defineall.pdf |date=2007-10-25 }} National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</ref> * ''[[Commercial sexual exploitation of children|sexual exploitation]]'' β a term defining offenses in which an adult victimizes a minor for advancement, sexual gratification, or profit; for example, prostituting a child,<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=David |last1=Finkelhor |first2=Richard |last2=Ormrod |url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/203946/contents.html |title=Prostitution of Juveniles: Patterns From NIBRS |journal=Juvenile Justice Bulletin |publisher=U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention |date=June 2004}}</ref> [[live streaming sexual abuse]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-trafficking-children/philippines-child-slavery-survivors-fight-to-heal-scars-of-abuse-idUSKBN1H400E|title=Philippines child slavery survivors fight to heal scars of abuse|newspaper=Reuters|date=April 8, 2020}}</ref> and creating or trafficking in child pornography.<ref>[http://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/exploit.txt ''Child Sexual Exploitation: Improving Investigations and Protecting Victims,''] Massachusetts Child Exploitation Network, U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January 1995.</ref> *''[[Child grooming|sexual grooming]]'' β a term defining the social conduct of a potential child sex offender who seeks to make a minor more accepting of their advances, for example in an online [[chat room]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/|title=Technology News, Analysis, Comments and Product Reviews for IT Professionals|website=ZDNet}}</ref> ===Commercial sexual exploitation=== {{Main|Commercial sexual exploitation of children}} Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is defined by the Declaration of the First World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held in Stockholm in 1996, as "sexual abuse by an adult accompanied by remuneration in cash or in kind to the child or third person(s)."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/eapro/Fact_sheet_SexualExploitation.pdf|title=UNICEF|website=unicef.org|access-date=2014-02-07|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232214/http://www.unicef.org/eapro/Fact_sheet_SexualExploitation.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> CSEC usually takes the form of [[child prostitution]] or [[child pornography]], and is often facilitated by [[child sex tourism]]. CSEC is particularly a problem in developing countries of [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unescap.org/pmd/documents/me/Sexual%20abuse.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222151144/http://www.unescap.org/pmd/documents/me/Sexual%20abuse.pdf|title=Unescap.org|archive-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/rosa/commercial.pdf|title=UNICEF|website=unicef.org|access-date=2014-02-07|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233833/http://www.unicef.org/rosa/commercial.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In recent years, new innovations in technology have facilitated the trade of Internet child pornography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/eapro/activities_3757.html|title=What we do β Commercial sexual exploitation of children|work=unicef.org|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-date=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406042943/http://www.unicef.org/eapro/activities_3757.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the term ''child sexual exploitation'' covers any form of sexual abuse which includes an exchange of a resource for sexual activity with a child.<ref name="Williams discussion" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Child sexual exploitation Definition and a guide for practitioners, local leaders and decision makers working to protect children from child sexual exploitation |website=Human Trafficking Search |url=https://humantraffickingsearch.org/resource/child-sexual-exploitation-definition-and-a-guide-for-practitioners-local-leaders-and-decision-makers-working-to-protect-children-from-child-sexual-exploitation/ |date=February 2017 }}</ref> Prior to 2009, the term commonly used to describe child sexual exploitation was ''child prostitution''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phoenix |first1=Jo |title=Out of place: The policing and criminalisation of sexually exploited girls and young women. |date=2012 |publisher=The Howard League for Penal Reform |location=London |url=https://howardleague.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Out-of-place.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hallet |first1=Sophie |title=Making sense of child sexual exploitation: exchange, abuse and children and young people. |date=2017 |publisher=Policy Press |location=Bristol }}</ref> The term ''child sexual exploitation'' first appeared in government guidance in 2009 as part of an attempt to promote an understanding that children involved in exploitation were victims of abuse rather than criminals.<ref>{{cite web |last1=DCSF |title=Safeguarding Children and Young People from Sexual Exploitation |date=2009 |url=http://www.haringeylscb.org/sites/haringeylscb/files/safeguarding_cpy_from_sexual_exploitation_1_.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831193125/http://www.haringeylscb.org/sites/haringeylscb/files/safeguarding_cpy_from_sexual_exploitation_1_.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-31 |url-status=unfit |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Words Matter">{{cite book |last1=Beckett |first1=Helen |last2=Walker |first2=Joanna |editor-last1=Beckett |editor-first1=Helen |editor-last2=Pearce |editor-first2=Jenny |title=Understanding and Responding to Child Sexual Exploitation |publisher=Routledge |location=London |pages=9β23 |date=2018 |chapter=Words Matter}}</ref> Because early definitions of child sexual exploitation were created to foster a move away from use of the term ''child prostitution'', the concept of exchange, which made child sexual exploitation different from child sexual abuse, referred to financial gain only. However, in the years since the birth of the concept of child sexual exploitation, the notion of exchange has been widened to include other types of gain, including love, acquisition of status and protection from harm.<ref name="Words Matter"/> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page