This work first published in the Ottoman Empire is now in the public domain because the Empire's copyright formalities were not met (copyright notice, registration, and deposit), or because the copyright term (30 years after the death of the author, sometimes less) expired before the Empire was dissolved (details).

The original itself is in the public domain in the United States for the following reason:

	The author died in 1947, so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or fewer. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.
This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.

This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

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