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Hak Ja Han

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Hak Ja Han
Born (1943-02-10) February 10, 1943 (age 81)
Anju, Heian'nan-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan[1]
Children14, including:

Hak Ja Han Moon (Korean: ; Hanja: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.; born February 10, 1943[2] January 6, 1943, lunar calendar) is a South Korean religious leader.[3][4] Her late husband Sun Myung Moon was the founder of the Unification Church (UC). Han and Moon were married in April 1960 and have 10 living children and over 30 grandchildren.[5][6] In 1992, she established the Women's Federation for World Peace, and traveled the world speaking on its behalf.[7][8][9] Since her husband's death, she has assumed leadership of the Unification Church, whose followers call her "True Mother" and "Mother of Peace".[2][10]

Personal life and family[edit]

Han, whose mother later became a follower of Sun Myung Moon, was born on January 6, 1943 (lunar calendar)Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed].[2] Han attended an all-girls high school in Korea but did not go on to college. She speaks Japanese and English as well as Korean.[11]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed] In April 1960, at the age of 17, Han, by then a member of the Unification Church,[12] married 40 year-old Moon.[13][14] Han has 14 children, 10 of whom are still living,[15] and as of 2011 has 38 grandchildren. Her children are:[6]

  • Ye Jin Moon (born 1960; daughter);
  • Hyo Jin Moon (1962–2008; son);
  • Hye Jin Moon (1964–1964; daughter);
  • In Jin Moon (born 1965; daughter);
  • Heung Jin Moon (1966–1984; son);
  • Un Jin Moon (born 1967; daughter);
  • Hyun Jin Moon (born 1969; son);
  • Kook Jin Moon (born 1970; son);
  • Kwon Jin Moon (born 1970; son);
  • Sun Jin Moon (born 1976; daughter);
  • Young Jin Moon (1976–1999; son);
  • Hyung Jin Moon (born 1979; son);
  • Yeon Jin Moon (born 1981; daughter);
  • Jeung Jin Moon (born 1982; daughter).[6]

In Korean culture, a married woman keeps her original family name, with the children taking their father's.[16]

On July 19, 2008, Han along with her husband and 14 others, including several of their children and grandchildren, were slightly injured when a Sikorsky S-92 helicopter owned by the movement crashed during an emergency landing and burst into flames in Gapyeong.[17][18] Han and all 15 others were treated at the nearby UC-affiliated Cheongshim Hospital.[19]

Role in the Unification Church[edit]

Some Unification members believe that Han and Moon's wedding established a "holy marriage" which Jesus was not able to establishLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed], and also consider it to be a holy day, called "True Parents Day,"[20] as well as what members refer to as the "True Family."[13][21] It is believed by the members to be the beginning of a new Completed Testament Age[22] and to have fulfilled the prophesied Marriage of the Lamb in the Revelation of John.[23]

Sun Myung Moon and wife, Hak Ja Han.

According to Unification members, Han and Moon are together believed to be the new messiahs.[5] The Moons are regarded by members to be the "True Parents" of humanity and are addressed by its followers as the True Father and True Mother.[15] Members have also referred to Han as "the Bride of Christ"[24] and the perfect woman.[25] She is seen within the Unification Church as the Mother of humankind, the final chosen of God.[26] Han and Moon are also seen as the exemplars of the God-centered existence by members.[27] In Unification services, members bow down in respect for Moon and Han, when they are present, and to representative pictures of them when they are not.[28]

In 1962, Moon and Han founded the Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea, a girls Korean folk ballet company meant to promote a positive perception of South Korea.[29] In 1984, Han spoke at a Unification Church sponsored academic conference in Washington, D.C. to a crowd of 240 which included professors from Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, University of Michigan and the Sorbonne in Paris.[30]

In 1993, U.S. Senator Trent Lott supported the bill True Parents Day in the U.S. Senate and in 1995 U.S. President Bill Clinton signed a bill into law called Parents Day; according to this law, children are to honor their parents on this day.[31] This showed the relationship of the Unification Church to the Republican and Democratic Parties of the United States, according to news media. In 1993, U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch introduced Han to a crowd at Capitol Hill; she stated at the event that she and Moon are the first True Parents. Moon was in the audience watching her speech, along with members of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.[31]

Wedding ceremonies[edit]

Mass wedding ceremony conducted by Han and Moon.

Han and Moon together presided over the mass wedding ceremonies for which the Unification Church is noted. (See: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church.) In 1997, they donned crowns and gold-trimmed robes to lead a mass wedding and marriage rededication ceremony in Washington, D.C. for 20,000 couples, 2,500 of them Unification members whose marriages had been arranged by Moon.[32] Ministers of other religions acted as "co-officiators."[33] In 1997, Han presided with her husband over a marriage affirmation ceremony for 28,000 couples, some married and some newly engaged, in New York City.[34] During the ceremony Han and Moon sprinkled holy water on the couples.[35]

Women's Federation for World Peace[edit]

In 1992, Han established the Women's Federation for World Peace (WFWP) with the support of many Unification members,[7][8][9] and traveled the world speaking at conventions on its behalf.[36] The WFWP's purpose is to encourage women to work more actively in promoting peace in their communities and greater society,[9] and it includes 143 member countries.[8] Han organized a conference in Tokyo in 1993, which was the first anniversary of the WFWP. The keynote speaker was former Vice President of the United States Dan Quayle's wife Marilyn Tucker Quayle, and in a speech at the event Han spoke positively of Mrs. Quayle's humanitarian work.[37]

In 1993, Han traveled to 20 cities in the United States promoting WFWP,[38] as well as to 12 countries.[9] At a stop in Salt Lake City, Utah she told attendants: "If a family is not centered on God's ideal of love, there will be conflict among the members of that family. Without God's love as an absolute center, such a family will ultimately break down. A nation of such families will also decline."[38] Her 1993 speeches in the United States focused on increasing violence in the U.S., and the degradation of the family unit.[39]

In 1995, Han spoke at a WFWP event in Japan with former United States president George H. W. Bush.[40] Han spoke after Bush's speech and praised Bush, crediting him for the decline of communism and saying that he must save America from "the destruction of the family and moral decay."[40][41]

Family Federation for World Peace[edit]

In 1996, Han went on a world tour, speaking on behalf of the Family Federation for World Peace.[42][43][44][45] Her speeches were given in cities across the United States, as well as countries including Korea, Japan, Italy, and 16 other countries in South America and Central America.[43] In July 1996 she spoke at the Family Federation for World Peace's Inaugural World Convention at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C.[46] Han's closing address, called the "Founder's Address", was the climax of the proceedings.[47][46]

Coronation ceremony[edit]

On March 23, 2004, Moon and Han were honored at an Ambassadors for Peace awards banquet held by the Interreligious and International Federation for World Peace (which is sponsored by the Unification Church) in a United States federal office building in Washington, D.C. It was called a "Crown of Peace" ceremony. At the event Moon stated that he was the Messiah. Over 12 United States lawmakers were in attendance. The event was criticized by some as a possible violation of the principle of separation of church and state in the United States.[48][49]

Universal Peace Federation[edit]

In 2006, Han spoke in New Zealand on behalf of the Universal Peace Federation and called for traditional families, religious and cross-cultural tolerance, and a "peace tunnel" across the Bering Strait (Bering Strait crossing) connecting Russia and the United States.[50] In 2019 she spoke at a rally in Japan and called for greater understanding and cooperation between the Pacific Rim nations.[51] In 2020 Han spoke at a UPF sponsored in-person and virtual rally for Korean unification which drew about one million attendees.[52]

Peace Starts with Me[edit]

Hak Ja Han is the founder of the peace movement "Peace Starts with Me.”[53][54]

The Peace Starts With Me rallies are co-sponsored by the Family Federation for World Peace and Unity (FFWPU) and the American Clergy Leadership Conference (ACLC). The first rally was held in 2017 in Madison Square Garden.[55]

Rally of hope[edit]

Rally of Hope is a series of summits, real and virtual, that began in August 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic made large in-person gatherings impossible.[56][57] At each Rally of Hope, global leaders raised important topics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, poverty, environmental pollution, religious freedom, honoring Korean War veterans, and international security.[58]

Former US President Trump spoke about the security situation on the Korean Peninsula at the Rally of Hope event, a conference organized by Hak Ja Han.[59][60]

Ban Ki-moon, former Secretary General of the UN, Gingrich, former President of the US House of Representatives, President of Senegal Sall, Niger Prime Minister Rafini, Cambodian Prime Minister Sen and other world leaders participated in the virtual Rally of Hope 2020 entitled ''World Rally of Hope: Building and Renewing Our Nations in the Post-Covid-19 World: Interdependence, Mutual Prosperity and Universal Values''. [61][62][63]

Leadership and Good Governance Award[edit]

Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia, received the Leadership and Good Governance Award from the UPF at the 2nd Asia-Pacific Summit.

After the opening speech, the award was presented by Hak Ja Han, co-founder of UPF.

The Leadership and Good Governance Award is given to those who demonstrate excellence in leadership, along with moral and spiritual principles.[64][65]

World Summit[edit]

The 2022 World Summit was sponsored by the UPF and the Kingdom of Cambodia. The Summit brought together world leaders to discuss peace on the Korean Peninsula. Hak Ja Han, co-founder of the UPF, hosted the 2022 World Summit, co-chaired by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen and former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.[66][67]

At the 2022 International Summit organized by the UPF, international leaders supported global peace building, especially in Korea, the right to religious freedom and called for more education for young people in Africa.

More than 300 world leaders from more than 150 countries participated in the Summit, such as Senegalese President Sali, Nigerian President Buhari, former US Vice President Pence, former Belgian Prime Minister Leterme, former Israeli Prime Minister Olmert, former European Commission President Barroso and others.

This summit was a continuation of the summit in February and the "Seoul Resolution" signed by former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Cambodian Prime Minister Sen, which called for the creation of a united Korea as one nation with two states.[68][57][69]

Little Angels[edit]

Little Angels is a world-famous children's folklore ballet group, founded 60 years ago by Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han Moon.[68]

Little angels performed in many countries of the world, and among others they were invited to perform in the presence of the British Queen Elizabeth II.

They also gave a special performance for US President Nixon.[70][71][72]

Think Tank 2022[edit]

In May 2021, world leaders and experts launched "Think Tank 2022" with the aim of promoting the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula.

Think Tank 2022 is a global network of more than 2,000 experts dedicated to finding practical solutions for building peace in Korea.

Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, chairman of this new initiative, thanked Hak Ja Han, UPF, and Think Tank 2022 leaders for building a platform to promote peace between South Korea and North Korea.

Think Tank 2022 will form expert working groups connected with international UPF associations and lead peace-building initiatives such as the UN Peace Park in the demilitarized zone between the two Koreas, the construction of the Korea-Japan undersea tunnel, helping to reunite separated Korean families and other initiatives for peace.[73][60][74]

International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace[edit]

Hak Ja Han founded the International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace (IAPP) with the aim of gathering parliamentarians from all over the world, who, together with representatives of religious organizations and the civil sector, should work to build peace in the world and solve local, national and global problems.[75][76][77]

Sunhak Peace Prize[edit]

The Sunhak Peace Prize was established by Hak Ja Han to honor the legacy of her late husband, Sun Myung Moon.

The Sunhak Peace Prize is not awarded on the basis of one's popularity, but on the basis of the important contribution of individuals or organizations to the ideal of peace, and recognizes and encourages innovation in human development, peaceful conflict resolution and environmental preservation.[78]

The first Sunhak laureates in 2015 were Kiribati President Anote Tong, for his efforts to raise awareness of the importance of climate change, and Indian aquaculture researcher Modadugu Vijay Gupta.

Laureates have included Afghani educator Sakena Yaccobi[79][80] and international health care provider Gino Strada (2017);[81][82] and Somali human rights activist Waris Dirie[83][84] and Africa development leader Akinwumi Ayodeji Adesina (2019).[85][86][87]

At the 2020 World Summit in South Korea, Ban Ki-moon, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, received the first Sunhak Peace Prize Founder’s Award for leadership on environmental issues and establishing the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, that year, Lutheran Bishop Munib A. Younan and Senegal President Macky Sall were honored as Laureates for their work for peace and prosperity in Africa.[88][89]

At the 2020 World Summit, the Sunhak Peace Prize was awarded to virologist and Oxford University Prof. Sarah Gilbert, and Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance, for their contributions to vaccine development and distribution, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.[90] Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen received the 2nd Sunhak Peace Prize Founder’s Award for his achievements in building peace in the world.[91][67]

Increasing influence[edit]

In 1992, Moon increased Han's position of authority within the Unification Church and announced "True Mother was elevated to True Father's level horizontally."[92] Hak Ja Han has been Moon's successor, designated as leader of the Unification Church since 1993.[2][10] Massimo Introvigne of the Center for Studies on New Religions writes in The Unification Church (2000):

The issue of succession is now of fundamental importance. The Reverend Moon will be eighty years old (by Korean age calculations, he turned eighty in 1999) in 2000. Mrs. Moon is fifty-seven years old. Since 1992 she has taken a more visible role, particularly in three world speaking tours in 1992, 1993, and 1999. Mrs. Moon has also spoken on Capitol Hill, at the United Nations, and in other parliaments around the world. Her relative youth and the respect with which she is held by the membership may be a point of stability for the Unification movement.[12][93]

George D. Chryssides predicted, in his book Exploring New Religions (2001), that Han would lead the Unification Church and preside over Blessing ceremonies after Moon's death, since she would then be "the remaining True Parent."[94]

In 2003, over 8,000 Unification members attended a ceremony in South Korea in which Han and Moon were remarried. This was said to be the fulfillment of the Marriage Supper of the Lamb written about in the Apocalypse of John.[2] In 2010 National Public Radio reported that Unification Church services in the United States invoked the name of Han along with Moon in their opening greetings to congregants.[95] In that same year, Forbes reported that Han was living in South Korea with her husband while their children took more responsibility for the day-to-day leadership of the Unification Church and its affiliated organizations.[96]

After Sun Myung Moon's death in 2012, Han became the leader of the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification.[97][98][99][100]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Yonhap News Agency: 선문학원 이사장에 한학자씨
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
  3. ↑
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Sun Myung Moon's Family". www.Tparents.org. 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1
  16. ↑
  17. ↑ iht.com/articles, Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon released from hospital after helicopter crash
  18. ↑ Account of crash by the Moons' youngest son
  19. ↑ Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon, 15 others injured in helicopter crash Herald Tribune, July 19, 2008
  20. ↑
  21. ↑
  22. ↑
  23. ↑ Helm, S. Divine Principle and the Second Advent , Christian Century May 11, 1977
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑
  27. ↑
  28. ↑ Peter Maass, Moon At Twilight: Amid scandal, the Unification Church has a strange new mission, New Yorker Magazine, September 14, 1998.
  29. ↑
  30. ↑
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1
  32. ↑ "WashingtonPost.com: The Cult Controversy". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  33. ↑ From the Unification Church to the Unification Movement, 1994-1999: Five Years of Dramatic Changes Massimo Introvigne, Center for Studies on New Religions "The ceremony in Washington, D.C., included six "co-officiators" from other faiths, including controversial minister Louis Farrakhan from the Nation of Islam. The Blessing ceremony in Seoul on February 7, 1999 also featured seven co-officiators including Orthodox Rabbi Virgil Kranz (Chairman of the American Jewish Assembly), controversial Catholic Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and the General Superintendent of the Church of God in Christ (a large African American Pentecostal denomination), Rev. T.L. Barrett."
  34. ↑
  35. ↑ "BBC News | ASIA-PACIFIC | In pictures: Moonies' mass wedding". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  36. ↑
  37. ↑
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1
  39. ↑
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1
  41. ↑
  42. ↑
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1
  44. ↑
  45. ↑
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1
  47. ↑
  48. ↑
  49. ↑
  50. ↑
  51. ↑
  52. ↑ Wolfgang, Ben (November 22, 2020). "'Rally of Hope' draws million attendees seeking Korean peace". The Washington Times. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  53. ↑ Oyebade, Wole (September 13, 2019). "African leaders, UPF hinge AfCFTA, SAATM on better cooperation". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  54. ↑ Richardson, Bradford. "Unification Church, religious leaders call for American unity in the midst of division". The Washington Times. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  55. ↑ "Peace Starts with Me, Featuring Bishop Noel Jones, Hezekiah Walker, Yolanda Adams, Kim Burrell". Praise 104.7. December 10, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  56. ↑ Republica. "Universal Peace Federation hosts Rally of Hope, a virtual summit". My Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Global Summit To Examine Ways To Bring Peace To The Korean Peninsula | Journal Online". People's Journal. January 27, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  58. ↑
  59. ↑ Shoaib, Alia. "Trump spoke at a 9/11 'Moonies' conference organized by the widow of the Rev. Sun Myung Moon, praising the controversial Unification Church". Business Insider. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Fautre, Willy (February 13, 2022). "The UPF: Moon Front or a Respected NGO?". europeantimes.news. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  61. ↑ "News Analysis: Actions Speak Louder Than Words in the Fight against COVID-19". www.information.gov.kh. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Actions speak louder than words in COVID-19 fight - Khmer Times". August 11, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  63. ↑ Savi, Khorn. "Hun Sen stresses international cooperation at peace summit". phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  64. ↑ Sochan, Ry. "Hun Sen receives award for leadership". phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  65. ↑ Robin (November 19, 2019). "PM Hun Sen Granted "Leadership and Good Governance" Award at Asia-Pacific Summit 2019". FRESH NEWS. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Global Summit in South Korea 10-13 February 2022". www.voxy.co.nz. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "The Seoul Times". theseoultimes.com. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "Impression of the International Summit in South Korea". ANP Perssupport (in Nederlands). Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  69. ↑ "Lord Fakafanua calls on the International Community to continue to work together to build peace, trust and reconciliation". www.parliament.gov.to. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  70. ↑
  71. ↑ Babcock, Charles R. (February 16, 1977). "Dispute Keeps Little Angels at Home in Seoul". washington post.
  72. ↑
  73. ↑ "Think Tank 2022: Peaceful reunification of Korean Peninsula will lead to "explosive growth"". Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  74. ↑ ""Think Tank 2022" To Reunify Korean Peninsula Inaugurated During Virtual 6th Rally Of Hope". marketinginasia.com. May 15, 2021.
  75. ↑ Walsh, Thomas G. (August 30, 2017). "Parliamentarians' Association formed to focus on peace". The Washington Times. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  76. ↑ "International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace Uganda Chapter Launched". ChimpReports. December 17, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  77. ↑ "Lokodo, Betty Aol to Head Association of Parliamentarians for Peace". ChimpReports. May 22, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  78. ↑ Wetzstein, Cheryl. "$1M Sunhak Peace Prize names first two winners". www.worldfoodprize.org. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  79. ↑ "Dr. Sakena Yacoobi Awarded 2017 Sunhak Peace Prize". www.multiculturalcooperation.net. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  80. ↑ Corleto, Stephanie (January 10, 2017). "Sakena Yacoobi Awarded Sunhak Peace Prize". Peace is Loud. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  81. ↑ Rossini, Emanuele (February 3, 2017). "The 2017 Sunhak Peace Prize Award Ceremony acceptance Speech by Dr. Gino Strada". EMERGENCY. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  82. ↑ Harper, Jennifer (November 29, 2016). "Sunhak Peace Prize awarded to Dr. Gino Strada and Sakena Yacoobi". The Washington Times. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  83. ↑ "Waris Dirie honored with Sunhak Peace Prize 2019 - Desert Flower Foundation". www.desertflowerfoundation.org. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  84. ↑ "[INTERVIEW] We're close to ending FGM: model-turned-activist Waris Dirie". The Korea Times. February 10, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  85. ↑ "The Sunhak Peace Prize Committee is accepting nominations for the 5th Sunhak Peace Prize". TASS. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  86. ↑ "Nominations for 5th edition of Sunhak Peace Prize opens". Saudigazette. May 13, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  87. ↑ "Akinwumi A. Adesina". live.worldbank.org. April 17, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  88. ↑ Boyer, Dave (October 5, 2019). "Senegal president, Lutheran pastor win peace prizes". The Washington Times. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  89. ↑ Republica. "Former UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon awarded with Sunhak Peace Prize". My Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  90. ↑ "Sarah Gilbert becomes recipient of Sunhak Peace Prize". www.ox.ac.uk. February 14, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Global Summit in South Korea 10-13 February 2022". www.voxy.co.nz. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  92. ↑
  93. ↑ "CESNUR - From the Unification Church to the Unification Movement, 1994-1999: Five Years of Dramatic Changes". www.cesnur.org. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  94. ↑
  95. ↑ Unification Church Woos A Second Generation, Barbara Bradley Hagerty, National Public Radio, February 17, 2010
  96. ↑
  97. ↑ "Life and Legacy of Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Movements".
  98. ↑ Fefferman, Dan. "SCHISM in the Unification Church" (PDF). www.cesnur.org.
  99. ↑
  100. ↑ Unification Church pres sees smaller mass weddings , Daily Monitor, December 30, 2008

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