United Press International Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{short description|American international news agency}} {{redirect|UPI|the Indian payment system|Unified Payments Interface||UPI (disambiguation)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}} {{Infobox company | name = United Press International | logo = United Press International (UPI) logo.svg | logo_size = 140px | type = | foundation = 1907 (as United Press Associations)<br />1958 (as United Press International) | location = 1200 N. Federal Highway, Suite 200<br /> [[Boca Raton, Florida]] 33432<ref>{{cite web|url=https://about.upi.com/privacy-policy|title=About United Press International - About UPI|website=about.upi.com|access-date=November 28, 2017|archive-date=November 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122015612/https://about.upi.com/privacy-policy/|url-status=live}}</ref> | key_people = | industry = [[Journalism]] | products = | revenue = | num_employees = | parent = [[News World Communications]] | homepage = {{URL|https://www.upi.com/|upi.com}} | caption = | footnotes = }} '''United Press International''' ('''UPI''') is an American international [[news agency]] whose [[newswire]]s, [[photo]], news [[film]], and audio services provided news material to thousands of [[newspapers]], [[magazines]], [[radio]] and [[television stations]] for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s. At its peak, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. Since the first of several sales and staff cutbacks in 1982, and the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its main U.S. rival, the [[Associated Press]], UPI has concentrated on smaller information-market niches. ==History== [[File:Bell telephone magazine (1922) (14755909362).jpg|thumb|News room of United Press in New York, 1933]] Formally named '''United Press Associations''' for incorporation and legal purposes but publicly known and identified as '''United Press''' or '''UP''', the news agency was created by the 1907 uniting of three smaller news syndicates by the Midwest newspaper publisher [[E. W. Scripps]].<ref name="deadline"/><ref name="scrippshoward"/><ref name="100years"/> It was headed by [[Hugh Baillie]] (1890–1966) from 1935 to 1955. At the time of his retirement, UP had 2,900 clients in the United States, and 1,500 abroad.<ref>Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. ''Political Profiles: The Truman Years'' (1978) pp 16–17</ref> In 1958, it became '''United Press International''' after absorbing the [[International News Service]] (INS) {{nowrap|in May.<ref name=mjmerg>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fsMcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bH4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=7228%2C1466645 |work=Milwaukee Journal |agency=UPI |title=Merger joins UP and INS |date=May 24, 1958 |page=2 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=bbupinw>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g21YAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9PcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6573%2C4871049 |newspaper=Bend Bulletin |agency=UPI |title=UP, International News Service merged |date=May 24, 1958 |page=1 |access-date=July 16, 2018 |archive-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031201947/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g21YAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9PcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6573%2C4871049 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} As either UP or UPI, the agency was among the largest newswire services in the world, competing domestically for about 90 years with the [[Associated Press|Associated Press (AP)]] and internationally with AP, [[Reuters]] and [[Agence France-Presse|Agence France-Presse (AFP)]]. At its peak, UPI had more than 2,000 full-time employees and 200 news bureaus in 92 countries; it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. With the rising popularity of television news, the business of UPI began to decline as the circulation of afternoon newspapers, its chief client category, began to fall. Its decline accelerated after the 1982 sale of UPI by the Scripps company.<ref name="in sorrow"/> The [[E.W. Scripps Company]] controlled United Press until its absorption of [[William Randolph Hearst]]'s smaller competing agency, INS, in 1958 to form UPI. With the [[Hearst Corporation]] as a minority partner, UPI continued under Scripps management until 1982.<ref name="deadline"/><ref name="scrippshoward"/><ref name="100years"/> Since its sale in 1982, UPI has changed ownership several times and was twice in [[Chapter 11]] bankruptcy reorganization.<ref name=ergap85>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_KxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5486%2C7143914 |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |agency=Associated Press |title=UPI reaches deal to gain financing |date=April 28, 1985 |page=13A |access-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-date=August 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806222649/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_KxVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5486%2C7143914 |url-status=live }}</ref> With each change in ownership came deeper service and staff cutbacks and changes of focus and a corresponding shrinkage of its traditional media customer base. Since the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its one-time major rival, the AP, UPI has concentrated on smaller information market niches. It no longer services media organizations in a major way.<ref name="cuts employees"/> In 2000, UPI was purchased by [[News World Communications]], an international news media company founded in 1976 by [[Unification Church]] leader [[Sun Myung Moon]].<ref name="staff cuts"/><ref name="cjr"/> It now maintains a news website and photo service and electronically publishes several information product packages. Based mostly on aggregation from other sources on the Web and gathered by a small editorial staff and [[Stringer (journalism)|stringers]], UPI's daily content consists of a newsbrief summary service called "NewsTrack," which includes general, business, sports, science, health and entertainment reports, and "Quirks in the News." It also sells a premium service, which has deeper coverage and analysis of emerging threats, the security industry, and energy resources. UPI's content is presented in text, video and photo formats, in English, Spanish, and Arabic.<ref name="products"/> UPI's main office is in the Miami metropolitan area and it maintains office locations in five other countries and uses freelance journalists in other major cities. ===United Press Associations=== [[File:E W Scripps.jpg|thumbnail|Portrait photograph of [[E. W. Scripps]], c. 1912]] Beginning with the ''[[Cleveland Press]]'', publisher [[E. W. Scripps]] (1854–1926) created the first chain of newspapers in the United States. Because the then-recently reorganized [[Associated Press]] refused to sell its services to several of his papers, most of them evening dailies in competition with existing AP franchise holders, in 1907 Scripps merged three smaller syndicates under his ownership or control, the Publishers Press Association, the Scripps-McRae Press Association, and the Scripps News Association, to form United Press Associations, with headquarters in New York City.<ref name="deadline"/><ref name="scrippshoward"/><ref name="100years"/> Scripps had been a subscriber to an earlier news agency, also named '''United Press''', that existed in the late 1800s, partly in cooperation with the management of the original New York-based AP and partly in existential competition with two Chicago-based organizations also using the AP name (as detailed at [[Associated Press]] and in AP's 2007 history, ''Breaking News: How the Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace, and Everything Else'', cited in [[#Notes|Notes]]).<ref name="deadline"/><ref name="scrippshoward"/> Drawing lessons from the battles between the earlier United Press and the various AP's, Scripps required that there be no restrictions on who could buy news from his news service, and he made the new UP service available to anyone, including his competitors. Scripps also hoped to make a profit from selling that news to papers owned by others. At that time and until [[World War II]], most newspapers relied on news agencies for stories outside their immediate geographic areas.<ref name="deadline"/><ref name="rip"/> Despite strong newspaper industry opposition, UP started to sell news to the new and competitive radio medium in 1935, years before competitor AP, controlled by the newspaper industry, did likewise. Scripps' United Press was considered "a scrappy alternative" news source to the AP. UP reporters were called "Unipressers" and were noted for their fiercely aggressive and competitive streak.<ref name="rip"/> Another hallmark of the company's culture was little formal training of reporters; new hires were often thrust into a "sink-or-swim" situation of reporting on an unfamiliar subject. They were weaned on UP's famous and well-documented (though frequently misappropriated and misquoted) slogan of "Get it first, but FIRST, get it RIGHT."<ref name="deadline"/> Despite controversy, UP (and later UPI) became a common training ground for generations of journalists.<ref name="rip"/> [[Walter Cronkite]], who started with United Press in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], gained fame for his coverage of [[World War II]] in Europe and turned down [[Edward R. Murrow]]'s first offer of a [[CBS]] job to stay with UP, but who later went on to anchor the ''[[CBS Evening News]]'', once said, "I felt every Unipresser got up in the morning saying, 'This is the day I'm going to beat the hell out of AP.' That was part of the spirit. We knew we were undermanned. But we knew we could do a darn good job despite that, and so many times, we did."<ref name="rip"/> Despite that, like all agencies that deal with huge volumes of timely information, UP and later UPI had its share of remembered mistakes. As recounted in the various printed histories of UPI cited in [[#Notes|Notes]], the most famous one came early in its history. UP's president, [[Roy W. Howard]], then traveling in France, telegraphed that the 1918 armistice ending World War I had been declared four days before it happened. Howard's reputation survived and he later became a Scripps partner, whose name appeared in one of the Scripps subsidiary companies, Scripps-Howard. But the mistake dogged UP/UPI for generations. Still, the agency's reporters were often able to tell stories more quickly and accurately although they were usually outnumbered by the competition. In 1950, for example, UP reported the invasion of South Korea by North Korea two hours and forty minutes before its archrival, the AP. ''The New York Times'' later apologized to UP for refusing to print information on the invasion until the AP had confirmed it.<ref name="deadline"/> ===United Press International=== Frank Bartholomew, the last UP president to ascend to the agency's top job directly from its news, rather than sales ranks, took over in 1955, and according to his memoirs cited in [[#Notes|Notes]], was obsessed with merging UP with the [[International News Service]], a news agency that had been founded by [[William Randolph Hearst]] in 1909 following Scripps' lead. Bartholomew succeeded in putting the "I" in UPI in 1958 when UP and INS merged to become United Press International {{nowrap|on May 24.<ref name=mjmerg/><ref name=bbupinw/>}} The new UPI now had 6,000 employees and 5,000 subscribers, about a thousand of them newspapers.<ref name="rip"/><ref name="time magazine"/> The merger was aimed at creating a stronger competitor for the [[Associated Press]] and a stronger economic entity than either UP or INS. The newly formed United Press International (UPI) had 950 client newspapers.<ref name="time magazine"/> Fearing possible antitrust issues with the [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] Administration [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]], Scripps and Hearst rushed the merger through with unusual speed and secrecy. Although all UP employees were retained, most INS employees lost their jobs with practically no warning. A relative few did join the new UPI and the columns of popular INS writers, such as [[Bob Considine]], [[Louella Parsons]] and [[Ruth Montgomery]], were carried by UPI.<ref name="time magazine"/> Rival AP was a publishers' cooperative and could assess its members to help pay the extraordinary costs of covering major news—wars, the Olympic Games, national political conventions. UPI clients, in contrast, paid a fixed annual rate; depending on individual contracts, UPI could not always ask them to help shoulder the extraordinary coverage costs. In its heyday, newspapers typically paid UPI about half what they paid AP in the same cities for the same services: At one point, for example, the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' paid AP $12,500 a week, but UPI only $5,000; the Wall Street Journal paid AP $36,000 a week, but UPI only $19,300. The AP, which serviced 1,243 newspapers at the time, remained UPI's main competitor.<ref name="rip"/><ref name="time magazine"/> In 1959, UPI had 6,208 clients in 92 countries and territories, 234 news and picture bureaus, and an annual payroll of $34,000,000, (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|34000000|1959|r=0}}}} in today's dollars).<ref name="rip"/><ref name="reports a record"/> But the UP-INS merger involved another business component that was to hurt the new UPI company badly in later years. Because INS had been a subsidiary of Hearst's [[King Features Syndicate]] and Scripps controlled several other newspaper syndicates, both companies feared possible antitrust issues. So they deliberately kept their respective syndicates out of the combined UPI company. That move cost UPI the revenues of its previous [[United Feature Syndicate]] subsidiary, which in later years made large profits on the syndication of ''[[Peanuts]]'' and other popular [[comic strips]] and columns. UPI had an advantage of independence over the AP in reporting on the [[Civil Rights Movement]] of the 1950s and 1960s. Because the AP was a cooperative essentially owned by the newspapers, those in the [[Southern United States|South]] influenced its coverage of the racial unrest and protests, often ignoring, minimizing, or slanting the reporting.<ref name="rip"/> UPI did not have that sort of pressure, and management, according to UPI reporters and photographers of the day, allowed them much freedom in chronicling the events of the civil rights struggle.<ref name="rip"/> White House reporter [[Helen Thomas]] became the public face of UPI, as she was seen at televised press conferences beginning in the early 1960s.<ref name="rip"/> UPI famously scooped the AP in reporting the [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination of US President John Kennedy]] on Friday, November 22, 1963.<ref name="rip"/> UPI White House reporter [[Merriman Smith]] was an eyewitness, and he commandeered the press car's only phone to dictate the story to UPI as AP reporter Jack Bell tried—without success—to wrest the phone away so he could call his office.<ref name="in sorrow"/> Smith and UPI won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] for this reporting.<ref name="rip"/> ===UP/UPI Newspictures, Newsfilm and Audio/Radio Network=== United Press had no direct [[wirephoto]] service until 1952, when it absorbed co-owned [[ACME Newspictures]], under pressure from parent company Scripps to better compete with AP's news and photo services.<ref name="newspictures"/> By that time, UP was also deeply involved with the newer visual medium of [[television]]. In 1948, it entered into a partnership with [[20th Century Fox]] subsidiary Fox [[Movietone News]] to shoot newsfilm for television stations. That service, United Press Movietone, or UPMT, was a pioneer in newsfilm syndication and numbered among its clients major US and foreign networks and local stations, including for many years the early TV operation of [[ABC News]]. In subsequent decades, it underwent several changes in partnerships and names, becoming best known as [[United Press International Television News]] (UPITN). Senior UPITN executives later helped [[Ted Turner]] create [[CNN]], with its first two presidents, [[Reese Schonfeld]] and [[Burt Reinhardt]], coming from UPITN ranks. The UPI Audio actuality service for radio stations, created in 1958 and later renamed the [[United Press International Radio Network]], was a spinoff from the newsfilm service and eventually provided news material to more than a thousand radio stations and US and foreign networks, including [[NPR]].<ref name="audio"/> ===Decline=== UPI came close to the size of the AP in the early 1960s, but as publishing companies began to pare their evening newspapers, it was dropped by papers that could no longer afford to subscribe to both UPI and the AP.<ref name="rip"/> UPI's failure to develop a television presence or subsidiary television news service has also been cited as one of the causes of its decline.<ref name="rip"/> By the early 1980s, the number of staffers was down to 1,800 and there were just 100 news bureaus.<ref name="old dog"/> Under pressure from some of [[E. W. Scripps]]' heirs, [[E. W. Scripps Company|the Scripps company]], which had been underwriting UPI's expenses at a loss for at least two decades, began trying to transfer control of UPI in the early 1980s. It tried to bring in additional newspaper industry partners and when that failed, engaged in serious negotiations with British competitor [[Reuters]], which wanted to increase its US presence. As detailed in "Down to the Wire", by Gordon and Cohen, cited in [[#Notes|Notes]], Reuters did extensive due diligence and expressed an interest in parts of the UPI service, but did not wish to maintain it in full. Scripps wound up giving the agency away to two inexperienced businessmen, Douglas Ruhe (son of [[David Ruhe]], a member of the [[Universal House of Justice]], the supreme governing body of the [[Baháʼí Faith]]) and William Geissler, originally associated with two better-known partners, who soon departed. Ruhe and Geissler obtained UPI for $1. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, Scripps first injected UPI with a $5 million cash balance, in acknowledgement of the $1.0 – $1.5 million per month that UPI was already losing. Facing news industry skepticism about their background and qualifications to run an international news agency, Ruhe and Geissler watched an increase in contract cancellations. Despite serious cash flow problems, they moved UPI's headquarters from New York City to Washington, DC, incurring significant additional costs due to construction cost overruns. During this period, UPI's 25-year-old audio news actuality service for radio stations was renamed the [[United Press International Radio Network]]. But faced with recurring cash shortages and difficulty meeting payroll, the Ruhe-Geissler management sold UPI's foreign photo service and some rights to its US and foreign photos to the Reuters news agency.<ref name="photo accord"/> It also sold UPI's U.S. photo library, which included the archives of predecessor Scripps photo agency Acme and the pictures and negatives of International News Photos, the picture component of Hearst's INS to the [[Bettman Archive]]. Bettman was later sold to Microsoft founder [[Bill Gates]]'s separate [[Corbis Corporation]], storing them underground in Pennsylvania and digitizing them for licensing, frequently without any notation of their UPI origins. In August 2011 Corbis announced a deal with AP to distribute each other's photos to their clients, effectively combining the pre-1983 UPI library with that of its former main rival for some marketing purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paidcontent.org/article/419-the-ap-and-corbis-combine-image-libraries-in-distribution-deal/ |title=The AP And Corbis Combine Image Libraries In Distribution Deal |last1=Kaplan |first1=David |date=August 23, 2011 |publisher=paidContent |location=[[GigaOM]] |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-date=September 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925030546/http://paidcontent.org/article/419-the-ap-and-corbis-combine-image-libraries-in-distribution-deal/ }}</ref> In 2016 Corbis sold to the Visual China Group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-corbis-m-a-vcg-idUSKCN0V101L|title=Visual China buys Corbis Entertainment|work=Reuters |access-date=2018-05-21|language=en-US|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521191653/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-corbis-m-a-vcg-idUSKCN0V101L|url-status=live}}</ref> UPI's remaining minority stake in UPITN was also sold and the agency was renamed Worldwide Television News (WTN). As with its photographs, UPI thereby lost all control of its newsfilm and video library, which is now held by WTN-successor [[Associated Press Television News]], which entered the video news field long after UPI left it. Years of mismanagement, missed opportunities and continual wage and staff cuts followed.<ref name="in sorrow"/> By 1984, UPI had descended into the first of two [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 11]] {{nowrap|[[bankruptcy|bankruptcies]].<ref name="in sorrow"/><ref name=ergap85/>}} [[Mario Vázquez Raña]], a Mexican media magnate, with a nominal American minority partner, Houston real estate developer Joseph Russo, purchased UPI out of bankruptcy for $40 million, losing millions during his short tenure, and firing numerous high-level staff.<ref name="in sorrow"/> In 1988, Vázquez Raña sold UPI to Infotechnology, Inc., an information technology and venture capital company and parent company of cable TV's [[Financial News Network]], both headed by [[Earl Brian]], who also became UPI chairman.<ref name="in sorrow"/> In early 1991, Infotechnology itself filed for bankruptcy, announced layoffs at UPI and sought to terminate certain employee benefits in an attempt to keep UPI afloat. At that point, UPI was down to 585 employees.<ref name="cuts employees"/><ref name="to file"/> Later that year, UPI filed for bankruptcy for the second time, asking for relief from $50 million in debt so that it could be sale-able.<ref name="to file"/> In 1992, a group of [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] investors, ARA Group International (AGI), bought the bankrupt UPI for $4 million.<ref name="old dog"/> By 1998, UPI had fewer than 250 employees and 12 offices.<ref name="old dog"/> Although the Saudi-based investors claimed to have poured more than $120 million into UPI, it had failed to turn a profit.<ref name="old dog"/> The company had begun to sell Internet-adapted products to such websites as Excite and Yahoo.<ref name="old dog"/> At that point, UPI CEO [[Arnaud de Borchgrave]] orchestrated UPI's exit from its last major media niche, the broadcast news business that United Press had initiated in the 1930s. De Borchgrave maintained that "what was brilliant pioneering work on the part of UPI prior to World War II, with radio news, is now a static quantity and so far as I'm concerned, certainly doesn't fit into my plans for the future". He sought to shift UPI's dwindling resources into Internet-based delivery of newsletter services, focusing more on technical and diplomatic specialties than on general news. The rump UPI thus sold the client list of its still-significant radio network and broadcast wire to its former rival, the AP.<ref name="rip"/><ref name="audio"/> ===Current ownership=== [[Image:UnitedPressInternational.jpg|thumb|United Press International office in Washington D.C., circa 2005]] UPI was purchased in May 2000 by [[News World Communications]], a media conglomerate founded by [[Unification Church]] founder [[Sun Myung Moon]], which also owned ''[[The Washington Times]]'' and newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America.<ref name="staff cuts"/> The next day, UPI's [[White House]] correspondent, [[Helen Thomas]], resigned her position, after working for UPI for 57 years.<ref name="fixture"/> In 2007, as part of a restructuring to keep UPI in business and profitable, management cut 11 staff from its Washington, D.C. office and no longer had a reporter in the [[White House press corps]] or a bureau covering the United Nations.<ref name="staff cuts"/><ref name="UN bureau"/> UPI spokespersons and press releases said the company would be focusing instead on expanding operations in the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa, and reporting on security threats, intelligence and energy issues.<ref name="staff cuts"/><ref name="UN bureau"/> In 2008, UPI began UPIU, a journalism mentoring platform for students and journalism schools, that allowed recent college graduates to post their work on the site but did not pay for stories.<ref name=upiu/> ==UPI sports awards== United Press International conferred sports awards annually until [[1996 in sports|1996]]. The awards were given to basketball players, basketball coaches, football players and athletes in general. The different awards were: *[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award|UPI Athlete of the Year]] ===Basketball=== *[[UPI College Basketball Coach of the Year]] *[[UPI College Basketball Player of the Year]] ===Football=== *[[UPI College Football Player of the Year]] *[[UPI Lineman of the Year (College)|UPI College Lineman of the Year]] *[[UPI NFC Player of the Year]] *[[UPI AFL-AFC Player of the Year]] *[[National Football League Rookie of the Year Award#United Press International NFL ROTY Award|UPI NFL Rookie of the Year]] *[[National Football League Most Valuable Player Award#United Press International NFL POY Award|UPI NFL Player of the Year]] ===Soccer=== *[[UPI World Soccer Player of the Year Award]] ==Notable alumni== {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2018}} While much of normal news agency work is little publicized, many UP/UPI news staffers have gained fame, either while with the agency or in later careers. They include journalists, news executives, novelists and high government officials. Among them: * [[James Atherton (photographer)|James Atherton]], veteran news photographer who caught iconic moments through a lens in Washington D.C. for over forty years * [[Rod Beaton (news executive)|Rod Beaton]], president and chief executive officer of United Press International from 1972 to 1982<ref>{{cite news|title=Former UPI president, Rod Beaton dies |date=July 6, 2002 |work=United Press International |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/07/06/Former-UPI-presidentRod-Beaton-dies/73091025985996/|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=December 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231001232/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/07/06/Former-UPI-presidentRod-Beaton-dies/73091025985996/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Roderick Beaton, 79, Former U.P.I. Leader|agency=Associated Press|date=July 14, 2002|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/14/us/roderick-beaton-79-former-upi-leader.html|page=33|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=January 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111005940/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/14/us/roderick-beaton-79-former-upi-leader.html|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|title=Rod Beaton|agency=Associated Press|date=July 9, 2002|newspaper=[[Asbury Park Press]] |page=20|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91504203/rod-beaton-2002/|access-date=January 15, 2022|archive-date=December 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231025737/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91504203/rod-beaton-2002/|url-status=live}}{{free access}}</ref> *[[David Belnap]], UPI Latin American Bureau Chief and later Foreign Desk Editor for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' *[[Jack Berry (journalist)|Jack Berry]], UPI correspondent in [[Lansing, Michigan]] from 1956 to 1959<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegolfwire.com/113375-2/|title=Veteran Detroit-Area Sportswriter Jack Berry Named Recipient of PGA Lifetime Achievement in Journalism Award - The Golf Wire|date=February 15, 2007|website=The Golf Wire|access-date=January 1, 2022|archive-date=December 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229203025/https://thegolfwire.com/113375-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Arnaud de Borchgrave]], veteran foreign correspondent and UPI executive *[[Myram Borders]], longtime Las Vegas bureau manager who broke the story of [[Elvis Presley]]'s marriage *[[David Brinkley]], co-anchor of NBC's ''[[Huntley-Brinkley Report]]'' and anchor of ABC's [[This Week (ABC TV series)|''This Week'']] *[[Lucien Carr]], contemporary of [[Allen Ginsberg]] and [[Jack Kerouac]] in the [[Beat Generation]] movement *[[Marquis Childs]] (1903–1990), later "Washington Calling" columnist *[[Raymond Clapper]], originator of the term "[[smoke-filled room]]"<ref name="deadline"/> *[[Richard Cohen (columnist)|Richard Cohen]], ''[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]'' [[columnist]] *[[Charles Collingwood (journalist)|Charles Collingwood]], CBS News anchor, host of ''[[A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy]]'' *[[Gail Collins]], ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' [[columnist]] *[[Marie Colvin]], long-time war correspondent for ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' *[[Bob Considine]], author of ''[[Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo]]'' and ABC and CBS radio anchor *[[Kent Cooper]], who later became the longtime GM of rival [[Associated Press]] *[[Walter Cronkite]], long-time anchor of the ''[[CBS Evening News]]'' *[[Bill Downs]], CBS and ABC reporter, first to deliver a live broadcast from Normandy after [[D-Day]] *[[Allen Drury]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novelist *[[Stephen Early]], [[White House Press Secretary]] for Franklin D. Roosevelt *[[Marc S. Ellenbogen]], President, [[Prague Society for International Cooperation|The Prague Society for International Cooperation]]; Chair, Global Panel Foundation *[[Oscar Fraley]], ''[[The Untouchables (1957 book)|Untouchables]]'' co-author *[[Thomas Friedman]], Three-time Pulitzer Prize-winning ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' [[columnist]] *[[Joseph L. Galloway]], military author *[[Martha Gellhorn]], legendary war correspondent *[[Carmen Gentile]], award-winning journalist, author and founder of Postindustrial Media *[[Henry Tilton Gorrell]], filed first report on D-Day *[[Richard Helms]], onetime CIA Director, who interviewed [[Adolf Hitler]] for United Press during the [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Olympics]]<ref>{{cite news |title=How a letter on Hitler's stationery, written to a boy in Jersey, reached the CIA |first=Ian |last=Shapira |date=October 25, 2011 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/how-a-letter-on-hitlers-stationery-written-to-a-boy-in-jersey-reached-the-cia/2011/10/25/gIQAeQAaaM_print.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218065447/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/how-a-letter-on-hitlers-stationery-written-to-a-boy-in-jersey-reached-the-cia/2011/10/25/gIQAeQAaaM_print.html |archive-date=February 18, 2012 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> *[[Seymour Hersh]], Pulitzer-Prize winning reporter for ''[[The New York Times]]'', the AP and ''[[The New Yorker]]'' *[[Don Hewitt]], ''[[60 Minutes]]'' creator and producer; worked for UP Newspictures predecessor Acme Newsphotos<ref name="rip"/><ref name="newspictures"/> *[[Tony Hillerman]], novelist<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/books/tony-hillerman-s-cross-cultural-mystery-novels.html|title=TONY HILLERMAN'S CROSS-CULTURAL MYSTERY NOVELS|date=August 16, 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 3, 2017|archive-date=October 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011072144/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/books/tony-hillerman-s-cross-cultural-mystery-novels.html|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Les Hinton]], ex-[[Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones]] CEO *[[Richard C. Hottelet]], [[CBS News]] United Nations correspondent, last-surviving of the [[Murrow Boys]] *[[Brit Hume]], ABC News White House Correspondent and Fox News anchor *[[David Hume Kennerly]], 1970s [[White House]] photographer *[[Edward M. Korry]], U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia and Chile *[[Brian Lamb]], [[C-SPAN]] founder *[[Larry LeSueur]], CBS News and [[Voice of America]] White House Correspondent, two-time Peabody Award winner *[[Elmer Lower]], early [[ABC News]] president<ref>{{cite news |title=Elmer Lower, Former President of ABC News, Dies at 98 |first=Dennis |last=Hevesi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/business/media/elmer-w-lower-dies-at-98-led-abc-news.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=October 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024154518/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/business/media/elmer-w-lower-dies-at-98-led-abc-news.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Eugene Lyons]], former UP correspondent to Moscow, first Western journalist to interview [[Joseph Stalin]] *[[Jim McGlincy]], reporter for the ''[[New York Post]]'', ''[[New York Daily News]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'' and [[CBS News]] *[[Laurence Meredith]], UPI international correspondent, UPI Portugal Manager, [[Royal Air Force]] veteran. *[[Knowlton Nash]], Canadian journalist, senior anchor of [[CBC Television]]'s flagship news program, ''[[The National (TV program)|The National]]'' *[[Ron Nessen]], [[White House Press Secretary]] for Gerald Ford<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/12/15/page/H25/article/ron-nessen-inside-looking-out|title=Ron Nessen: inside, looking out (December 15, 1974)}}</ref> *[[Edwin Newman]], CBS and NBC anchor, moderator of 1976 and 1984 presidential debates *[[Keith Olbermann]], correspondent and host for [[CNN]], [[ESPN]], [[MSNBC]], [[Current TV]], and [[GQ magazine|''GQ'' magazine]] *[[Eugene Patterson]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]–winning newspaper editor and columnist *[[Marjorie Paxson]], influential women's page editor *[[Doc Quigg]], journalist *[[George Reedy]], [[White House Press Secretary]] for Lyndon Johnson *[[Harrison Salisbury]], Pulitzer-Prize winner, creator of ''[[The New York Times]]'' op-ed page *[[Reese Schonfeld]], co-founder of [[CNN]] *[[Robert J. Serling]], novelist and brother of [[Rod Serling]] *[[Eric Sevareid]], CBS News reporter, three-time [[Peabody Award]] winner *[[Neil Sheehan]], reporter who broke the [[Pentagon Papers]] story for ''[[The New York Times]]'' *[[Lewis Shollenberger]], CBS News reporter, ABC News, Director of [[Radio Liberty]] *[[Daniel Silva (novelist)|Daniel Silva]], novelist and former CNN producer *[[H. Allen Smith]], best-selling author *[[Howard K. Smith]], [[ABC World News Tonight|''ABC Evening News'']] anchor *[[Stan Stearns]], photographer, known for picture of [[John F. Kennedy Jr.]] saluting his father's casket *[[Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II]], Pulitzer-Prize winning reporter for ''[[The New York Times]]'' *[[Helen Thomas]], UPI reporter from 1943 until 2000 - UPI White House Correspondent from 1961 until 2000 *[[Stanley Tretick]], founding photographer, [[People (magazine)|''People'']] magazine *[[Hubert van Es]], Saigon evacuation photographer *[[Kate Webb]], war correspondent, first to reach Saigon during [[Tet Offensive]] *[[Wee Kim Wee]], 4th [[President of Singapore]] *[[Weegee]], ''Naked City'' photographer *[[Paul White (journalist)|Paul White]], the founding director of [[CBS News]] *[[Steve Wilstein]], who later broke the [[Anabolic steroid|steroids]] scandals in baseball for the AP UPI reporters and photographers have won ten [[Pulitzer Prize]]s: *Russell Jones (International Reporting, 1957) *Andrew Lopez (News Photography, 1960) *[[Yasushi Nagao]] (News Photography, 1961) *[[Merriman Smith]] (National Reporting, 1964) *[[Kyoichi Sawada]] (News Photography, 1966) *[[Toshio Sakai]] (Feature Photography, 1968) *[[Lucinda Franks]] and [[Thomas Powers]] (National Reporting, 1971) *[[David Hume Kennerly]] (Feature Photography, 1972) *John H. Blair (Spot News Photography, 1978) *[[Jahangir Razmi]], (Spot News Photography, 1980)<ref name=pulitzer/> ==Key UP/UPI product and technical innovation dates== * In 1908, UP began offering feature stories and using reporter [[byline]]s.<ref name="1907-1910"/> * In 1915, UP begins to use [[teleprinter]]s, more recently known as Teletype machines.<ref name="deadline"/> * In the 1930s and 1940s, UP Newspictures predecessor agency Acme developed the International Unifax machine, the first automatic picture receiver.<ref name="unifax"/> * The "Ocean Press", a news service for [[ocean liner]]s, was founded in the 1930s, as a corporate subsidiary of Scripps. It used copy from United Press and later United Press International. By 1959, it had 125 subscriber ships.<ref name="reports a record"/> * In 1935, UP was the first major news service to offer news to [[Broadcasting|broadcasters]].<ref name="1921-1940"/> * In 1945, UP offered the first all-sports wire.<ref name="1941-1960"/> * In 1948, UP started the first international television news film service. Originally named "UP Movietone", in view of a partnership with the [[Movietone News]] service of [[20th Century Fox]], it went through several partnerships and name changes and was known as [[United Press International Television News]] or simply as UPITN, a name which also credited UPI's film and video service partner at the time, Britain's [[ITN]] television news service.<ref name="1941-1960"/> * In 1951, UP offered the first [[teletypesetter]] (TTS) service, enabling newspapers to automatically set and justify type from wire transmissions.<ref name="1941-1960"/> * In 1952 UP, absorbed the Scripps-owned Acme photo service to form UP Newspictures * In 1958 United Press absorbed Hearst's INS to create UPI * In 1958, UPI created the first wire service audio network, an offshoot of the film service above. UPI Audio provided news material to radio stations. It was renamed [[United Press International Radio Network]] in 1983.<ref name="audio"/><ref name="1941-1960"/> * In 1974, UPI launched the first "high-speed" data newswire—operating at 1,200 WPM.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} * In 1978, UPI launched the first cable TV news network, [[UPI Newstime]], using [[Slow-scan television|SSTV]] technology via satellite to relay the channel to cable TV companies nationwide in the USA. * In 1979, UPI along with Telecomputing Corp. of America began making the UPI world news report available to owners of home computers.<ref name="1961-1980"/> * In 1982, UPI pioneered a coding system allowing clients to choose stories based on topic, subtopic and location.<ref name="1981-2000"/> ==See also== {{Portal|Journalism|United States}} * [[List of UPI reporters]] * [[List of online image archives]] * [[List of news agencies]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="1907-1910">{{cite web |url=http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1907.html |work=UPI - Centennial Anniversary |title=UPI History Milestones 1907 - 1910 |publisher=United Press International |year=2007 |access-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031614/http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1907.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="1921-1940">{{cite web |url=http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1921.html |title=UPI History Milestones 1921 - 1940 |work=UPI - Centennial Anniversary |publisher=United Press International |year=2007 |access-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031200/http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1921.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="1941-1960">{{cite web |url=http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1941.html |title=UPI History Milestones 1941 - 1960 |work=UPI - Centennial Anniversary: 1907 - 2007 |publisher=United Press International |access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031605/http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1941.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="1961-1980">{{cite web |url=http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1961.html |title=UPI History Milestones 1961 - 1980 |work=UPI Centennial Anniversary |publisher=United Press International |year=2007 |access-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031321/http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1961.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="1981-2000">{{cite web |url=http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1981.html |title=UPI History Milestones 1981-2000 |work=UPI Centennial Anniversary |publisher=United Press International |year=2007 |access-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-date=May 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031625/http://100years.upi.com/history_ms_1981.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="products">{{cite web|url=http://about.upi.com/|title=About United Press International Products|publisher=United Press International|access-date=July 11, 2011|archive-date=July 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714004226/http://about.upi.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cjr">News World Communications no longer owns the Washington Times.{{cite web|url=https://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php?c=newsworld|title=Who owns what - News World Communications, Inc|author=CJR staff|work=Columbia Journalism Review|date=December 22, 2010|quote=GolfStyles Magazine, Middle Eastern Times, The Segye Ilbo (South Korea), The Sekai Nippo (Tokyo), Tiempos del Mundo (Online Only), The World and I. Wire Service: United Press International (UPI).|access-date=September 27, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728094939/http://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php?c=newsworld|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cuts employees">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/18/business/upi-cuts-more-employees.html|title=U.P.I. Cuts More Employees|date=September 18, 1991|access-date=March 16, 2011|author=NY Times staff reporter|work=The New York Times|archive-date=February 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206053706/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/18/business/upi-cuts-more-employees.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="fixture">{{cite news | first=David | last=Stout | title=Helen Thomas, Washington Fixture, Resigns as U.P.I. Reporter | date=May 17, 2000 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/17/us/helen-thomas-washington-fixture-resigns-as-upi-reporter.html | work=The New York Times | access-date=March 15, 2011 | archive-date=May 13, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513025708/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/17/us/helen-thomas-washington-fixture-resigns-as-upi-reporter.html | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="in sorrow">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/books/upi-look-back-in-sorrow.html|title=U.P.I.: Look Back in Sorrow (book review of ''Down to the Wire: UPI's Fight for Survival'' By Gregory Gordon and Ronald E. Cohen)|author=Atwater, James D.|date=December 24, 1989|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513025651/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/books/upi-look-back-in-sorrow.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="old dog">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0601/6111047a.html|title=Old dog, new tricks?|author=Spiegel, Peter|date=June 1, 1998|work=Forbes|access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-date=June 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020258/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0601/6111047a.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="photo accord">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/26/business/photo-accord.html|title=Photo Accord|date=June 26, 1984|author=NY Times staff reporter|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 16, 2011|archive-date=May 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513025642/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/26/business/photo-accord.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="time magazine">{{cite magazine | title = The Press: New York, May 24 (UPI) | date = June 2, 1958 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893956,00.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090114084247/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893956,00.html| archive-date = January 14, 2009|author=Staff reporter| magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> <ref name="to file">{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20613F935550C7B8EDDA10894D9494D81|title=The Media Business; U.P.I. Planning to File for Bankruptcy Protection Today|date=August 28, 1991|access-date=March 16, 2011|author=Jones, Alex S.|work=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref name="reports a record">{{cite news |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/04/27/105429077.pdf |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/04/27/105429077.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=U.P.I. Calls 1959 Its Biggest Year - News Agency Head Reports a Record Clients Roll of 6,208 in 92 Countries |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 27, 1960 |access-date=March 16, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="rip">{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-05-04/features/0305040380_1_upi-story-jack-james-korean-war|title=Upi R.i.p. As A New Book By Two Veterans Of United Press International Shows, The World Lost More Than A Scrappy Wire Service When Upi Died. It Lost A Vital Witness To History|work=Chicago Tribune|date=May 4, 2003|access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-date=May 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511152753/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-05-04/features/0305040380_1_upi-story-jack-james-korean-war|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="staff cuts">{{cite web|url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Departments/Top%20Stories/upi-staff-cuts-include-white-house-correspondent-35233-.aspx|title=UPI Staff Cuts Include White House Correspondent|work=Editor & Publisher|date=July 11, 2007|access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511140921/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Departments/Top%20Stories/upi-staff-cuts-include-white-house-correspondent-35233-.aspx|archive-date=May 11, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> <ref name="UN bureau">{{cite web|url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Departments/Top%20Stories/upi-closing-longrunning-un-bureau-most-senior-reporter-laid-off-35242-.aspx|title=UPI Closing Long-Running U.N. Bureau, Most Senior Reporter Laid off|author=Joe Strupp|date=July 12, 2007|work=Editor & Publisher|access-date=March 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511140929/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Departments/Top%20Stories/upi-closing-longrunning-un-bureau-most-senior-reporter-laid-off-35242-.aspx|archive-date=May 11, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> <ref name="unifax">{{cite web|url=http://www.corbisimages.com/Enlargement/U1323926A.html |title=United Press International Unifax Machine in Use |publisher=Corbis Images |access-date=March 16, 2011}}</ref> <ref name=upiu>{{cite web|url=http://www.upiu.com/about|title=UPI's journalism mentoring program for students worldwide|website=UPIU |access-date=March 16, 2011|archive-date=March 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326023358/http://www.upiu.com/about}}</ref> <ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/deadlineeverymin013289mbp | title = Deadline Every Minute The Story of the United Press - ARCHIVE.ORG ONLINE VERSION | year = 1957|author= Joe Alex Morris | publisher = Doubleday & Company }}</ref> <ref name="pulitzer">{{cite web |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat |title=Pulitzer Prize winners |publisher=Pulitzer.org |access-date=July 7, 2011 |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527161645/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="scrippshoward">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=334|work=Ohio History Central|title=Scripps-Howard|publisher=ohiohistory.com|access-date=July 8, 2011|archive-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730114633/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=334|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="100years">{{cite web|url=http://100years.upi.com/sta_1907-07-15.html|title=UPI History|work=United Press International|access-date=July 8, 2011|archive-date=August 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829024351/http://100years.upi.com/sta_1907-07-15.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="audio">{{cite web |url=http://downhold.org/lowry/radioworld1999.html |title=UPI Radio: 40 Years Of Sound |work=Radio World |publisher=IMAS Publishing |year=1999 |access-date=July 26, 2011 |archive-date=October 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001020609/http://downhold.org/lowry/radioworld1999.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="newspictures">{{cite web |url=http://thedownholdproject.centraldesktop.com/publicdownholdproject/doc/1083944/w-NewsPicturesService |title=A History of United Press International Newspictures Service |year=2006 |author=Gary Haynes |access-date=August 2, 2011 |archive-date=May 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519005446/http://thedownholdproject.centraldesktop.com/publicdownholdproject/doc/1083944/w-NewsPicturesService |url-status=live }}</ref> }} ==Notes== * {{cite book |title=Breaking News: How the Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace, and Everything Else |date=June 17, 2007 |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |isbn=978-1-56898-689-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/breakingnewshowa0000unse/page/432 432] |url=https://archive.org/details/breakingnewshowa0000unse/page/432 }} * {{cite book|author=Baillie, Hugh |title=High Tension: The Recollections of Hugh Baillie |publisher=Harper & Brothers |year=1959 |isbn=0-8369-1543-7|page=300}} * {{cite book|author=Bartholomew, Frank H.|title=Bart, Memoirs of Frank H. Bartholomew: President, United Press, 1955–58, United Press International, 1958–62 |url=https://archive.org/details/bartmemoirsoffra00bart|url-access=registration|publisher=Vine Brook Press |location=Sonoma, Calif. |year=1983 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bartmemoirsoffra00bart/page/231 231] |oclc=39551960}} * {{cite book|author=Cronkite, Walter |title=A Reporter's Life |url=https://archive.org/details/reporterslife00cron_0 |url-access=registration |date=November 27, 1996 |publisher=Knopf |edition=1st |isbn=0-394-57879-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/reporterslife00cron_0/page/400 400]}} * {{cite book|author=Daniloff, Nicholas |title=Of Spies and Spokesmen: My Life As a Cold War Correspondent |url=https://archive.org/details/spiesspokesmenmy00dani_167 |url-access=limited |date=April 7, 2008 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-1804-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/spiesspokesmenmy00dani_167/page/n454 440] }} * {{cite book |author=Fenby, Jonathan |title=The International News Services |date=February 12, 1986 |publisher=Schocken Books |isbn=0-8052-3995-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationalnew00fenb/page/275 275] |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalnew00fenb/page/275 }} * {{cite book |title=Down to the Wire: UPI's Fight for Survival |author1=Gordon, Gregory |author2=Cohen, Ronald E. |name-list-style=amp |pages=[https://archive.org/details/downtowireupisfi0000gord/page/429 429] |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Publishing Company |year=1990 |oclc=19519378 |isbn=0-07-023804-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/downtowireupisfi0000gord/page/429 }} * {{cite book|author1=Harnett, Richard |author2=Ferguson, Billy G. |name-list-style=amp |title=UNIPRESS: United Press International, Covering the 20th Century|publisher=Fulcrum Publishing|date=January 1, 2003|isbn=1-55591-481-0|page=384}} * {{cite book|author=Haynes, Gary |title=Picture This! The Inside Story and Classic Photos of UPI Newspictures |publisher=Bulfinch Press |date=September 2006 |isbn=0-8212-5758-7|page=256}} * Helms, Richard, with William Hood. ''A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency''. New York: Random House, 2003. * {{cite book|author=Lewis, Boyd DeWolf |title=Not Always a Spectator: A Newsman's Story |url=https://archive.org/details/notalwaysspectat00lewi |url-access=registration |year=1981 |publisher=Wolf's Head Press |location=Vienna, Va. |oclc=7968758 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/notalwaysspectat00lewi/page/327 327] }} * {{cite book|author=Morris, Joe Alex |title= Deadline Every Minute: The Story of the United Press |publisher=Praeger |date=October 31, 1968 |isbn=0-8371-0175-1|page=356}} * {{cite book|author1=Olson, Lynn |author2=Cloud, Stanley W. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Murrow Boys: Pioneers on the Front Lines of Broadcast Journalism |date=October 31, 1997 |publisher=Mariner Books |isbn=0-395-87753-9 |page=445 }} * [[Thomas Powers|Powers, Thomas]]. ''The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA''. New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]], 1979. * Read, Donald (1992). ''The Power of News. The History of Reuters 1849–1989''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-821776-5}}. * {{cite book|author=Schonfeld, Reese |title=Me and Ted Against the World: The Unauthorized Story of the Founding of CNN |date=January 1, 2001 |publisher=Collins |isbn=0-06-019746-3 |page=432}} * {{cite book|author=Schwarzlose, Richard |title=The American Wire Services |date=June 1979 |publisher= Arno Press |isbn=0-405-11774-4 |page=453}} * {{cite book|author=Schwarzlose, Richard |title=Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 1: The Formative Years: From Pretelegraph to 1865 |date=January 1, 1989 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=0-8101-0818-6 |page=370}} * {{cite book |author=Schwarzlose, Richard |title=Nation's Newsbrokers Volume 2: The Rush to Institution: From 1865 to 1920 |date=February 1, 1990 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=0-8101-0819-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/nationsnewsbroke00schw/page/366 366] |url=https://archive.org/details/nationsnewsbroke00schw/page/366 }} * {{cite book|author1=Scripps, E.W. |author2=McCabe, Charles |title=Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E. W. Scripps Drawn From His Unpublished Writings |date=March 15, 2007 |publisher=McCabe Press |isbn=978-1-4067-6151-1|page=259}} * {{cite book|author=United Press International and American Heritage Magazine |title=Four Days: The Historical Record of the Death of President Kennedy |publisher=American Heritage Publishing Co |orig-date=1964 |year=1983 |isbn=0-671-50046-5 |page=143 }} ==External links== '''Current''' * {{Official website}} * [https://espanol.upi.com/ Spanish-language website] * [http://www.upiu.com UPIU, UPI's multimedia platform for journalism education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913052358/http://www.upiu.com/ |date=September 13, 2008 }} '''History''' * [http://www.downhold.org Downhold.Org]—UPI Alum site * [http://www.downhold.org/lowry/ UPI's Trail of Tears]—subset of above: UPI history and memories * [http://www.thedownholdproject.info The Downhold Project]—collaborative UPI history project site * [http://www.deadmicrophone.org Dead Microphone Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040918151512/http://www.deadmicrophone.org/ |date=September 18, 2004 }}—UPI Radio Network Alum site {{Unification Church}} {{News agencies}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:United Press International| ]] [[Category:1907 establishments in New York (state)]] [[Category:American journalism organizations]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1907]] [[Category:Unification Church affiliated organizations]] [[Category:College football awards organizations]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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