Ukiah, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                 = Ukiah, California
|settlement_type      = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
|image_skyline        = Post Office - Ukiah California.jpg
|image_caption        = Historic former post office in Ukiah<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Glenda |date=April 8, 2016 |title=Historic Ukiah post office up for sale again |work=Santa Rosa Press Democrat |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5478564-181/historic-ukiah-post-office-up |access-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref>
|image_seal           = City-of-Ukiah-Logo.png
|image_map            = Mendocino_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ukiah_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize              = 250x200px
|map_caption          = Location in [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]] and [[California]]
|image_map1           = 
|mapsize1             = 
|map_caption1         = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
|coordinates          = {{coord|39|09|01|N|123|12|28|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map          = California#USA
|pushpin_label        = Ukiah
|subdivision_type     = Country
|subdivision_name     = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1    = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1    = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2    = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2    = [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]]
<!-- Government ----------------->
|established_title    = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date     = March 8, 1876<ref>{{Cite web |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archive-date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014 |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s |format=Word}}</ref>
|government_type      = [[Council–manager government|Council/Manager]]<ref name=mgr/>
|leader_title         = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name          = Mari Rodin<ref name="cc">{{Cite web |title=Ukiah City Council |url=http://www.cityofukiah.com/city-council/ |access-date=January 21, 2015 |publisher=City of Ukiah, CA}}</ref>
|leader_title1        = [[City manager]]
|leader_name1         = Sage Sangiacomo<ref name="mgr">{{Cite web |title=City Manager's Office |url=http://www.cityofukiah.com/city-managers-office/ |access-date=January 21, 2015 |publisher=City of Ukiah, CA}}</ref>
<!-- Area ------------------>
| unit_pref           = Imperial
| area_footnotes      = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files: California |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=July 28, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi    = 4.83
| area_total_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi     = 4.78
| area_land_km2       = 
| area_water_sq_mi    = 0.04
| area_water_km2      = 
| area_water_percent  = 1.11
<!-- Elevation ------------------>
|elevation_footnotes  = <ref name="gnis">{{Cite GNIS|277623|Ukiah|access-date=February 25, 2015}}</ref>
|elevation_ft         = 633
|elevation_m          = 193
<!-- Population ------------------>
|population_as_of     = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US0681134&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Ukiah city, California: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=July 28, 2022}}</ref>
|population_total     = 16607
|pop_est_as_of        = 
|pop_est_footnotes    = 
|population_est       = 
|population_density_km2 = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_demonym   = Ukiahan
<!-- Additional information -->
|timezone             = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset           = &minus;8
|timezone_DST         = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST       = &minus;7
|postal_code_type     = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code          = 95482, 95418
|area_code_type       = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code            = [[Area code 707|707]]
|blank_name           = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info           = {{FIPS|06|81134}}
|blank1_name          = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info          = {{GNIS 4|277623}}, {{GNIS 4|2412125}}
|website              = {{URL|www.cityofukiah.com}}
}}

'''Ukiah''' ({{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|k|aɪ|ə}} {{respell|yoo|KY|ə}}; [[Pomo]]: ''Yokaya'', meaning "deep valley")<ref name="CGN">{{California's Geographic Names|162}}</ref> is the [[county seat]] and largest city of [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]], [[California]], with a population of 16,607<ref name="Census 2020"/> at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. With its accessible location along the [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring [[Lake County, California|Lake County]].

==History==
===Establishment===
[[File:Yokayo-People-at-Ukiah-California-1916.JPG|thumb|right|The Yokayo band of [[Pomo people]] who inhabited the Russian River valley from the pre-Columbian era are today an [[List of unrecognized tribes in the United States|unrecognized tribe]] in the United States.]]

Ukiah is located within [[Rancho Yokaya]], one of several [[Ranchos of California|Spanish colonial]] [[land grant]]s in what their colonists called ''[[Alta California]]''. The Yokaya grant, which covered the majority of the Ukiah valley, was named for the [[Pomo]] word meaning "deep valley."<ref name="History1880">{{Cite book |url=http://history.rays-place.com/ca/mend-ukiah1.htm |title=History of Ukiah, California (Part 1) in History of Mendocino County, California |date=1880 |publisher=Alley, Bowen & Co., (rays-place.com) |location=San Francisco, California |access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref> The [[Pomo]] are the indigenous people who occupied the area at the time of Spanish colonization.

Later European-American settlers adopted "Ukiah" as an anglicized version of this name for the city.<ref>Alfred L. Kroeber, [http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/030731c1.pdf "California Place Names of Indian Origin,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720045733/http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/030731c1.pdf |date=July 20, 2011 }} ''University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology,'' vol. 12, no. 2 (1916), pp. 31-69.</ref>

Cayetano Juárez was granted Ukiah by Alta California. He was known to have a neutral relationship with the local Pomo people. He sold a southern portion of the grant (toward present-day [[Hopland, California|Hopland]]) to the Burke brothers. The first Anglo settler in the Ukiah area was John Parker, a ''[[vaquero]]'' who worked for pioneer cattleman James Black.<ref name="Palmer475">Lyman Palmer, [https://archive.org/details/historyofmendoci00palm ''History of Mendocino County, California, Comprising Its Geography, Geology, Topography, Climatography, Springs and Timber.''] San Francisco, CA: Alley, Bowen and Co., 1880; pg. 475.</ref> Black had driven his stock up the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]] valley and took over a block of grazing land at that locale. A crude [[blockhouse]] was constructed for Parker so he could have shelter to protect the herd from the hostile indigenous local people, who resented the squatters on their land.<ref name=Palmer475 /> The blockhouse was located just south of present-day Ukiah on the banks of what was known as Wilson Creek.<ref name=Palmer475 />

The next Anglo settler was Samuel Lowry; in 1856 he built a log cabin approximately on the corner of today's East Perkins and North Main streets.<ref name=Palmer475 /> Lowery sold his claim to A.T. Perkins in the spring of 1857, and the latter moved his family into the valley. They were the first Anglo-American pioneer family of the township.<ref name=Palmer475 /> Six others followed to make their home there that same year.<ref name=Palmer475 /> The first United States post office opened in 1858.<ref name=CGN /> By 1859, the population of Ukiah had grown to about 100 people, making it a community sufficient in size to serve as the [[county seat]]. Before this, administrative duties for [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino County]] had been handled by [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma County]].<ref name="Palmer476">Palmer, ''History of Mendocino County, California,'' pg. 476.</ref>

Initially visitors could reach town only by [[stagecoach]], or private horses. A short rail line from San Francisco terminated in [[Petaluma, California|Petaluma]], nearly {{convert|80|mi|km}} to the south. In 1870 the remainder of the trip to Ukiah took another two days by horse.<ref name="Purdy">Carl Purdy, "Ukiah, 1870-1890: Interesting Reminiscences; Progress Made; Products of Our Valley," ''Dispatch-Democrat'' [Ukiah City], vol. 21, no. 15 (Jan. 10, 1890), pg. 2.</ref> In subsequent years the rail line was extended further northward to [[Cloverdale, California|Cloverdale]]. Although the stagecoach portion was reduced to  {{convert|30|mi|km}}, the community was still relatively isolated and slow to develop.<ref name=Purdy />

Ukiah was incorporated in 1876.<ref name=CGN /> It was not until 1889 that the [[San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad]] completed its line from Cloverdale to Ukiah, linking the Mendocino County seat to the national rail network.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stindt, Fred A. |title=The Northwestern Pacific Railroad Redwood Empire Route |publisher=Fred A. Stindt |year=1978 |edition=3rd}}</ref>

===Economic history===
Ukiah has been the hub of an agricultural and business community. Over the decades various commodity crops have been grown in the Ukiah Valley. They include pears, green beans, hops, apricots, and grapes. As part of California's [[Wine Country]], grapes have become the predominant agricultural product.

[[Hops]] were once a major crop grown around Ukiah. The beer flavoring agent was first grown there in 1868 when L.F. Long of Largo grew an initial experimental crop.<ref name=Purdy /> The climate proved suitable for the crop and production expanded, peaking in 1885. It declined in the last years of the 1880s as prices dropped.<ref name=Purdy /> Mendocino County remained the third-largest producer of hops in the state of California in 1890, with well over {{convert|900|acres|km2}} under cultivation.<ref>"Hops," ''Dispatch-Democrat'' [Ukiah City], vol. 21, no. 20 (Feb. 14, 1890), pg. 1.</ref> Production continued well into the 20th century. A refurbished hop [[kiln]] can be seen at the north end of Ukiah east of Highway 101, where many of the old fields were located.

Ukiah's 20th-century population developed in relation to the lumber boom of the late 1940s. Logging of [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]]s was once a major industry. Activists have worked to preserve areas of redwood forest, which became endangered due to overlogging. {{citation needed|date=September 2015}} Young people entered the area from the 1960s, seeking alternative lifestyles and, in some cases, artisan and rural living.

==Geography==
Ukiah is in southeastern Mendocino County in the valley of the [[Russian River (California)|Russian River]], a south-flowing river which reaches the Pacific in Sonoma County. Via [[U.S. Route 101]], Ukiah is {{convert|60|mi}} north of [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] and {{convert|158|mi}} south of [[Eureka, California|Eureka]]. According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the city covers an area of {{convert|4.8|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|0.05|sqmi|2}}, or 0.93%, are water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/>

===Climate===
Ukiah has a hot-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''). Average rainfall for the area is {{convert|38.90|in|mm|0|disp=or}} per year. Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 77.1 days per year. The greatest monthly precipitation was {{convert|30.75|in|mm|1}} in January 1909 and the greatest 24-hour precipitation was {{convert|6.18|in|mm|1}} on December 22, 1964. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1997 to June 1998 with {{convert|72.74|in|mm|1}} and the driest from July 1976 to June 1977 with {{convert|14.20|in|mm|1}}. Light snowfall occurs about every other year. The greatest recorded snowfall was {{convert|1.5|in|m|sigfig=2}} on March 2, 1976, while the most in a month was {{convert|5|in|m|sigfig=2}} in March 1896 and in January 1952. Temperatures reach {{convert|90|°F|°C|1}} on an average of 61.0 afternoons annually and {{convert|100|°F|°C|1}} on an average of 8.7 afternoons. Due to frequent low humidity, summer temperatures normally drop into the fifties at night. Freezing temperatures occur on an average 33.6 mornings per year. The record high temperature was {{convert|117|°F|°C|1}} on September 6, 2022, and the record low temperature was {{convert|12|°F|°C|1}} on January 12, 1898.<ref name=NOWData></ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Ukiah, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 82
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 93
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 106
|Jun record high F = 114
|Jul record high F = 114
|Aug record high F = 114
|Sep record high F = 117
|Oct record high F = 105
|Nov record high F = 92
|Dec record high F = 84

|Jan avg record high F = 68.7
|Feb avg record high F = 74.1
|Mar avg record high F = 80.6
|Apr avg record high F = 86.9
|May avg record high F = 94.1
|Jun avg record high F = 101.9
|Jul avg record high F = 104.6
|Aug avg record high F = 104.0
|Sep avg record high F = 102.8
|Oct avg record high F = 93.1
|Nov avg record high F = 78.4
|Dec avg record high F = 67.1
|year avg record high F = 107.4

|Jan high F = 56.9
|Feb high F = 60.2
|Mar high F = 64.8
|Apr high F = 69.6
|May high F = 76.3
|Jun high F = 82.8
|Jul high F = 91.1
|Aug high F = 90.6
|Sep high F = 87.0
|Oct high F = 76.7
|Nov high F = 62.8
|Dec high F = 55.6
|year high F = 

|Jan mean F = 47.1
|Feb mean F = 49.2
|Mar mean F = 52.3
|Apr mean F = 56.0
|May mean F = 61.8
|Jun mean F = 67.3
|Jul mean F = 73.4
|Aug mean F = 72.4
|Sep mean F = 69.1
|Oct mean F = 61.1
|Nov mean F = 51.4
|Dec mean F = 45.9
|year mean F = 

|Jan low F = 37.4
|Feb low F = 38.3
|Mar low F = 39.7
|Apr low F = 42.4
|May low F = 47.3
|Jun low F = 51.9
|Jul low F = 55.6
|Aug low F = 54.2
|Sep low F = 51.3
|Oct low F = 45.5
|Nov low F = 40.0
|Dec low F = 36.2
|year low F = 

|Jan avg record low F = 26.7
|Feb avg record low F = 29.0
|Mar avg record low F = 31.7
|Apr avg record low F = 34.0
|May avg record low F = 38.8
|Jun avg record low F = 44.7
|Jul avg record low F = 49.8
|Aug avg record low F = 49.1
|Sep avg record low F = 43.2
|Oct avg record low F = 36.3
|Nov avg record low F = 29.1
|Dec avg record low F = 25.8
|year avg record low F = 23.8

|Jan record low F = 12
|Feb record low F = 18
|Mar record low F = 22
|Apr record low F = 23
|May record low F = 28
|Jun record low F = 35
|Jul record low F = 39
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 24
|Nov record low F = 19
|Dec record low F = 13

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 7.39
|Feb precipitation inch = 6.98
|Mar precipitation inch = 5.33
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.81
|May precipitation inch = 1.71
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.41
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.00
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.05
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.20
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.95
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.11
|Dec precipitation inch = 7.96
|year precipitation inch = 38.90

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 12.5
|Feb precipitation days = 11.9
|Mar precipitation days = 10.2
|Apr precipitation days = 7.8
|May precipitation days = 5.0
|Jun precipitation days = 1.6
|Jul precipitation days = 0.1
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.7
|Oct precipitation days = 3.6
|Nov precipitation days = 9.8
|Dec precipitation days = 13.7

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00049122&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access
|access-date = September 7, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=eka
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data
|access-date = September 7, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 933
|1890= 1627
|1900= 1850
|1910= 2136
|1920= 2305
|1930= 3124
|1940= 3731
|1950= 6120
|1960= 9900
|1970= 10095
|1980= 12035
|1990= 14599
|2000= 15497
|2010= 16075
|2020= 16607
|estyear= 2022
|estimate= 16496
|estref= <ref name="census2022">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Ukiah%20city,%20California&y=2022 | title=Census.gov: American Community Survey 2022}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web |title=Census of Population and Housing |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |access-date=June 4, 2015 |publisher=Census.gov}}</ref>
1870 Census<ref name="1870Census">{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf?|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov}}</ref>
|1870=966|1860=624}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ Race and Ethnicity
! Racial and ethnic composition
! 2000<ref name=datacensus2000p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0681134&y=2000&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2000: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
! 2010<ref name=datacensus2010p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0681134&y=2010&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
! 2020<ref name=datacensus2020p2>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US0681134&y=2020&d=DEC+Redistricting+Data+(PL+94-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>
|-
! [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
| 72.4%
| 62.87%
| 54.04%
|-
! [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino (of any race)]]
| 19.31%
| 27.73%
| 32.78%
|-
! [[Multiracial American|Two or more races (non-Hispanic)]]
| 2.57%
| 2.84%
| 5.56%
|-
! [[Asian American|Asian (non-Hispanic)]]
| 1.64%
| 2.46%
| 3.0%
|-
! [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 3.03%
| 2.75%
| 2.9%
|-
! [[African American|Black or African American (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.89%
| 0.98%
| 1.04%
|-
! Other (non-Hispanic)
| 0.06%
| 0.19%
| 0.54%
|-
! [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)]]
| 0.09%
| 0.16%
| 0.16%
|}


===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Ukiah city |url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0681134 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715033650/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0681134 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=July 12, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> reported that Ukiah had a population of 16,075. The population density was {{convert|3,403.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Ukiah was 11,592 (72.1%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 174 (1.1%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 601 (3.7%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 412 (2.6%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 34 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2,385 (14.8%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 877 (5.5%) from two or more races. There were 4,458 [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents, of any race (27.7%).

The Census reported that 15,301 people (95.2% of the population) lived in households, 281 (1.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 493 (3.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,158 households, out of which 2,049 (33.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,317 (37.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 938 (15.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 356 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 484 (7.9%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 56 (0.9%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 2,064 households (33.5%) were made up of individuals, and 919 (14.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48. There were 3,611 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (58.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.18.

The population was spread out in age, with 3,981 people (24.8%) under the age of 18, 1,562 people (9.7%) aged 18 to 24, 4,184 people (26.0%) aged 25 to 44, 4,011 people (25.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,337 people (14.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

There were 6,488 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,373.8|/sqmi|/km2|adj=off}}, of which 2,673 (43.4%) were owner-occupied, and 3,485 (56.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 6,733 people (41.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 8,568 people (53.3%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
[[Image:WorldsLargestRedwoodTreeServiceStation.jpg|thumb|right|The "World's Largest Redwood Tree Service Station" in Ukiah is built largely from a massive section of [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]].]]

As of the [[census]] of 2000,<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=2008-01-31 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> inside the city limits, there were 15,497 people, 5,985 households, and 3,656 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 3,275/sq&nbsp;mi (1,265/km{{sup|2}}). There were 6,137 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,296|/sqmi|/km2|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 79.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.7% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.3% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 19.3% of the population.

There were 5,985 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the population was spread out in age, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $32,707, and the median income for a family was $39,524. Males had a median income of $31,608 versus $24,673 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,601. About 13.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

As a community, Ukiah has roughly twice the number of people (including [[Redwood Valley, California|Redwood Valley]], [[Potter Valley]], [[Calpella, California|Calpella]], and [[Talmage, California|Talmage]]) as the census reports. During the business day, an average of 40,000 people work inside the city limits, or in the business and residential neighborhoods to the north and south.

==Economy==
Major employers in Ukiah include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Bay Business Journal: Book of Lists # North San Francisco Bay Area, Sonoma, Marin, Napa counties |url=http://lists.northbaybusinessjournal.com/index.htm?djoPage=view_html&djoPid=4301 |access-date=March 14, 2018 |website=lists.northbaybusinessjournal.com}}</ref>
* [[Mendocino County]]
* [[Ukiah Valley Medical Center]]
* Mendocino Forest Products
* [[Walmart]]
* Savings Bank of Mendocino County
* [[Mendocino Community Health Clinics]]
* [[Granite Construction]]
* [[The Home Depot]]
* [[Lucky (supermarket)|Lucky]]
* [[Federal Express]]
* [[Safeway Supermarket]]
* [[Westside Rennaissance Market]]

===Major products ===
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2018}}
Ukiah is known for [[Winemaking|wine production]]. Some very large production wineries, including [[Brutocao Cellars|Brutocao]], Fife, Parducci, Frey, and Bonterra have become established here since the late 20th century. Ukiah vintners are known for innovating with organic and [[sustainable agriculture|sustainable]] practices.

Ukiah was previously a major producer of [[pear]]s. Alex R. Thomas & Company owned hundreds of acres of [[Bartlett pear]] orchards on the east side of the Ukiah Valley. For nearly 90 years, many local residents and [[migrant workers]] have been employed packing the pears for domestic and foreign consumption. On December 1, 2008, the company announced it would be shutting down major operations at the end of the year due to bankruptcy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Glenda |date=July 26, 2011 |title=New life for old Ukiah pear-packing plant |work=Santa Rosa Press Democrat |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/2287887-181/new-life-for-old-ukiah |access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> Several acres of orchard have been torn down and replaced with vineyards since the packing shed closed its doors. As of 2011, the main facility was slated to reopen as a composting and trash-sorting facility.<ref name=":0" />

The Ukiah Valley is home to the Ukiah Brewing Company, a [[Organic certification|certified organic]] [[brewpub]]. Ukiah used to be a center of hops cultivation in the 19th century. Craft beers are stimulating production again.

==Arts and culture==
[[Image:The Sun House.jpg|thumb|right|[[Grace Hudson]]'s Sun House, designed by Grace and John Hudson {{circa|1911}} in the [[American Craftsman|Craftsman]] style]]
Institutions of the arts include:
* [[SPACE - School of Performing Arts and Cultural Education]]
* [[Ukiah Players Theatre]]
* [[The Mendocino Ballet]]
* [[Ukiah Civic Light Opera]]
* [[Grace Hudson Museum]]
* [[Ukiah Symphony Orchestra]]
* [[Ukiah Community Concert Association]]
* [[The Spring House]]

===Recreation===
* Alex R. Thomas Plaza
* Gardner Park
* Giorno Park
* [[Great Redwood Trail]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Austin|date=2021-02-21|title=Great Redwood Trail, years from completion, enters planning phase|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/great-redwood-trail-to-stretch-from-sf-bay-to-humboldt-bay-enters-plannin/|access-date=2021-02-22|work=Santa Rosa Press Democrat|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Low Gap Park
* McGarvey Park
* Oak Manor Park
* Observatory Park
* Orchard Park
* Riverside Park
* Todd Grove Park
* Ukiah Skate Park
* Ukiah Sports Complex
* Vinewood Park

==Government==
[[File:Mendocino County Main Library-Exterior.jpg|thumb|Mendocino County Main Library]]Ukiah uses a council–manager form of government in which policy is set by a five-member city council, elected at-large to four-year terms.  The council appoints both the mayor and the city manager.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Hall |url=http://www.cityofukiah.com/cityhall/ |access-date=February 5, 2015 |publisher=City of Ukiah}}</ref>

* Mayor until December 2024 - Josefina Dueñas <ref name=cc/> (appointed by council based on seniority for a one-year term)
* City council:
** Douglas Crane, Vice Mayor<ref name=cc/>
** Susan Sher, Council Member<ref name=cc/>
** Juan Orozco, Council Member<ref name=cc/>
** Mari Rodin, Council Member<ref name=cc/>
* City Manager - Sage Sangiacomo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-11 |title=Ukiah reorganizes with new city manager |url=http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/general-news/20150711/ukiah-reorganizes-with-new-city-manager |access-date=March 14, 2018 |website=ukiahdailyjournal.com}}</ref>
* City Treasurer - Allen Carter<ref name=cc/>
* City Clerk - Kristine Lawler<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of the City Clerk |url=http://www.cityofukiah.com/city-clerk/ |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=City of Ukiah, CA}}</ref> (appointed)
* City Attorney - David Rapport<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 21, 2010 |title=REACTION to the Kelly decision: David Rapport, Ukiah City Attorney |language=en |work=Ukiah Daily Journal |url=http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/article/ZZ/20100121/NEWS/100126596 |access-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>

In the [[California State Legislature]], Ukiah is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senators |url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Assembly |url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers |access-date=March 2, 2013 |publisher=State of California}}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Ukiah is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

The tribal headquarters of both the [[Pinoleville Pomo Nation]] and the [[Potter Valley Tribe]] are in Ukiah.<ref>[http://500nations.com/California_Tribes.asp California Tribes and Organizations], ''500 Nations'', retrieved 3 August 2009</ref>

==Transportation==
The [[Amtrak Thruway#7|Amtrak Thruway 7]] bus provides daily connections to/from Ukiah (with a curbside stop at 397 North Orchard Avenue) and [[Martinez_station|Martinez]] to the south, to/from [[Arcata,_California|Arcata]] to the north. Additional [[Amtrak]] connections are available from Martinez station.<ref>https://amtraksanjoaquins.com/route-7/</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Ukiah High School.jpg|thumb|right|Ukiah High School sign]]

===Ukiah Unified School District===
* [[Ukiahi|Ukiah High School]]
* Calpella Elementary School
* Eagle Peak Middle School (Redwood Valley)
* Nokomis Elementary School
* Oak Manor Elementary School
* Pomolita Middle School
* South Valley High School
* Yokayo Elementary School
* Frank Zeek Elementary School
* Tree of Life Montessori Charter School
* Grace Hudson Elementary School
* River Oak Charter School
* Ukiah Independent Study Academy
* Calpella Preschool
* Preschool Village
* Small Wonders State Preschool
* Yokayo State Preschool
* Ukiah Adult School

===Other K–12 schools===
* Sequoia Career Academy
* Redwood Collegiate Academy
* Deep Valley Christian School
* Ukiah Junior Academy
* Instilling Goodness / Developing Virtue School
* St. Mary of the Angels Catholic School

=== Former K–12 schools ===
* Trinity School for Children (closed as of July 31, 2009)<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cinek |first1=Zack |last2=Krauth |first2=Monica |date=May 28, 2009 |title=Trinity School in Ukiah to close - update |work=Ukiah Daily Journal |url=http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/ci_12475722 |url-status=live |access-date=November 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103044739/http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/ci_12475722 |archive-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Glenda |date=July 31, 2009 |title=Ukiah youth home shuts its doors |work=[[The Press Democrat]] |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/2261109-181/ukiah-youth-home-shuts-its#page=0 |url-status=live |access-date=November 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103044446/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/2261109-181/ukiah-youth-home-shuts-its |archive-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref>

===Colleges===
* [[Mendocino College]]
* [[Dharma Realm Buddhist University]]

==Notable people==
* [[AFI (band)|AFI]] lead vocalist [[Davey Havok]], guitarist [[Jade Puget]], drummer [[Adam Carson]], and tour managers Jake MacLachlan and Smith Puget were all raised in Ukiah,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFI Biography |url=http://www.afireinside.net/bio/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201223040/http://www.afireinside.net/bio/default.aspx |archive-date=December 1, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-01}}</ref> as were original-lineup guitarist Mark Stopholese and bassist Vic Chalker.
*[[Phoebe Bridgers]], three-time Grammy-nominated singer, spent part of her childhood in Ukiah.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warda |first=Val |date=2016-08-16 |title=Ukiah Idol 2016 winners announced |url=https://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/lifestyle/20160816/ukiah-idol-2016-winners-announced |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=The Ukiah Daily Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Ed Burke (hammer thrower)|Ed Burke]], U.S. Olympic [[hammer throw]]er<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417161716/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bu/ed-burke-1.html Edward Burke], SR/Olympic Athletes, 2013</ref>
* [[Aurelius O. Carpenter]], photographer
* [[Melissa Chaty]], beauty queen, Miss California in 2008<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mason |first=Clark |date=January 27, 2008 |title=Ukiah's own just misses Miss America crown |work=[[The Press Democrat]] |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080127/news/801270481 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814112642/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080127/NEWS/801270481 |archive-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref>
* [[McKenna Faith]], singer-songwriter<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Dan |date=2011-01-15 |title=Ukiah Teen's Faith in music |work=Press Democrat |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20110115/LIFESTYLE/110119716 |access-date=2011-09-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Maginnis-Honey |first=Amy |date=2011-09-21 |title=16-year-old aspires to country music career |work=Daily Republic |url=http://www.dailyrepublic.com/features/entertainment/16-year-old-aspires-to-country-music-career/ |access-date=2011-09-23 |quote=The Ukiah resident}}</ref>
* [[Shiloh Fernandez]], actor, born and raised in Ukiah<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hester |first=Carole |date=December 27, 2013 |title=Looking About |language=en |work=Ukiah Daily Journal |url=http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/article/ZZ/20131227/NEWS/131227798 |access-date=2017-04-22}}</ref>
* [[Robben Ford]], blues guitarist, raised in Ukiah<ref name="Russell1997">{{Cite book |last=Tony Russell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aT8YAQAAIAAJ |title=The blues: from Robert Johnson to Robert Cray |date=August 1997 |publisher=Schirmer Books |isbn=978-0-02-864862-0}}</ref><ref>[http://www.vintageguitar.com/3401/robben-ford/ Vintage Guitar magazine interview], April 29, 2001</ref>
* [[Casey Frey]], social media comedian and dancer, born and raised in Ukiah
*[[Sally Miller Gearhart]], feminist and lesbian author and activist, died in Ukiah<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lesbian educator Sally Gearhart dies|url=https://www.ebar.com/news/latest_news//306938|access-date=2021-07-15|website=The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Grace Hudson]], museum founder, collector of [[Pomo people|Pomo]] artifacts, commercial portrait photographer<ref name="Boynton1978">{{Cite book |last=Searles R. Boynton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNE2AQAAIAAJ |title=The painter lady: Grace Carpenter Hudson |publisher=Interface California Corporation |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-915580-04-0}}</ref> The Grace Hudson Museum in Ukiah is named for her and houses her collections.<ref>[http://www.gracehudsonmuseum.org/~gracehud/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=96 Our Story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007141142/http://gracehudsonmuseum.org/~gracehud/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=96 |date=October 7, 2013 }}, Grace Hudson Museum, 2013</ref>
* [[Leonard Lake]], serial killer, lived near Ukiah in the early 1980s<ref>{{Cite book |last=Newton |first=Michael |title=The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8160-3979-1 |pages=134}}</ref>
* [[Mary McNair Mathews]] (1834–1903), Nevada historian, died in Ukiah<ref name="Watson2011">{{cite web|url=http://onlinenevada.org/mary_mcnair_mathews|title=Mary McNair Mathews |last=Watson|first=Anita |date=November 3, 2011|publisher=The Online Nevada Encyclopedia|accessdate=22 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Glotfelty2008">{{cite book|last=Glotfelty|first=Cheryll|title=Literary Nevada: writings from the Silver State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38jx3cD6WBkC&pg=PA129|accessdate=21 January 2012|date=1 August 2008|publisher=University of Nevada Press|isbn=978-0-87417-759-6|pages=129–}}</ref> 
* [[Darrell McClure]], cartoonist of [[Little Annie Rooney]] and illustrator, born in Ukiah to painter Ethel Jameson Docker<ref>[http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography.aspx?searchtype=BIO&artist=73682 Darrel McClure Biography], Ask Art, 2013</ref>
* [[Don Mossi]], Major League Baseball pitcher for several teams
* [[Holly Near]], singer-songwriter, born in Ukiah
* [[Nick 13]], lead singer of [[Tiger Army]], raised in Ukiah<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghost Tigers: Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.ghosttigers.com/FAQ.htm |access-date=2007-12-01}}</ref>
* [[Hal Perry (basketball)|Hal Perry]], professional basketball player and civil-rights lawyer, raised in Ukiah<ref name="USFOB">[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/insidebayarea/obituary.aspx?n=harold-leonard-perry&pid=126849794 Harold Leonard Perry Sr.], Inside Bay Area from May 3–4, 2009, accessed October 10, 2013</ref>
* [[Bay Raitt]], animator and video game designer known for developing Gollum's facial modeling in the ''Lord of the Rings'' films and various other works<ref name="CartoonBrew">{{Cite web |date=2014-05-13 |title='Lord of the Rings' Animation Supervisor Randall William Cook Speaks Out On Andy Serkis |url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/motion-capture/lord-of-the-rings-animation-supervisor-randall-william-cook-speaks-out-on-andy-serkis-99439.html}}</ref>
* [[Aaron Rodgers]], [[National Football League]] quarterback, spent four years of his childhood in Ukiah<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 3, 1993 |title='Free throws' are his forte |page=1 |work=Ukiah Daily Journal |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/ukiah-daily-journal/1993-01-03/ |access-date=March 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackel |first=Pete |date=October 6, 2005 |title=Focus on Football: Rodgers preparing for his moment |url=http://www.journaltimes.com/sports/article_235efc6d-0241-5c9c-8d10-8b5e02ae4420.html |access-date=March 14, 2012 |website=RacineSportsZone.com |publisher=JournalTimes.com}}</ref>
* [[Carl Sassenrath]], architect of operating systems and computer languages, created the [[Amiga|Amiga computer operating system]] in 1985, later worked at [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], subsequently moved to and runs his own company at his Ukiah ranch<ref>Jeudy, Sébastien, [http://obligement.free.fr/articles_traduction/itwsassenrath_en.php Interview with Carl Sassenrath], Obligement, May 2007, accessed October 10, 2013</ref>
* [[William Harrison Standley]], [[Chief of Naval Operations]] and later [[United States Ambassador to Russia|U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union]], born in Ukiah
* [[Gary Scott Thompson]], television and film screenwriter and producer, graduated from Ukiah High School in 1977<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://gstproductions.com/about.html |access-date=2020-09-24 |website=Gary Scott Thompson |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rick Warren]], pastor, author and Ukiah High School graduate<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brodsky |first=Carole |date=January 18, 2009 |title=Local boy makes great: the Rick Warren story |work=Ukiah Daily Journal |url=http://www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/article/ZZ/20090118/NEWS/901189780 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mair2005">{{Cite book |last=George Mair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7D70lw4-4N8C |title=A life with purpose: Reverend Rick Warren, the most inspiring pastor of our time |date=February 18, 2005 |publisher=Berkley Books |isbn=978-0-425-20174-9 |page=34}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2021}}
* "Ukiah" is the name and subject of a song on the 1973 [[Doobie Brothers]] album ''[[The Captain and Me]]''.
* "Ukiah" is the name and subject of the fifth song from [[Robert Francis (musician)|Robert Francis]]' album ''Heaven''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Topinka|first=Andrea|date=April 11, 2014|title=In guten Momenten zwischen Ryan Adams und Leonard Cohen.|url=https://www.laut.de/Robert-Francis-The-Night-Tide/Alben/Heaven-93030|access-date=2021-06-29|website=laut.de|language=de}}</ref>
* Ukiah is featured prominently in [[C.D. Payne]]'s novel ''[[Youth in Revolt]]''.
* Ukiah is one of six original locations of an [[International Latitude Observatory]].
* Competing in the men's Division III club level bracket, the [[Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Football Club]] [[rugby union]] team, based in the Ukiah area, are the first official [[Northern California Rugby Football Union|NCRFU]] team in the county.
* Ukiah was the initial home in California of [[Peoples Temple]].
* Ukiah's newspaper is the ''[[Ukiah Daily Journal]]''.
* Ukiah was named in the 1987 ''[[Dragnet (1987 film)|Dragnet]]'' film as being where Frank Smith, Joe Friday's partner, moved to after quitting the force and buying a goat farm.

==See also==
* [[Pomo people]]
* [[First Baptist Church (Ukiah, California)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Aurelius O. Carpenter and Percy H. Millberry, [https://archive.org/details/historyofmendoci00carp ''History of Mendocino and Lake Counties, California: With Biographical Sketches of the Leading Men and Women of the Counties Who Have Been Identified with their Growth and Development from the Early Days to the Present.''] Los Angeles, CA: Historic Record Co., 1914.
* Lyman Palmer, [https://archive.org/details/historyofmendoci00palm ''History of Mendocino County, California, Comprising Its Geography, Geology, Topography, Climatography, Springs and Timber.''] San Francisco, CA: Alley, Bowen and Co., 1880.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ukiah, California}}
{{Wikivoyage|Ukiah}}
* {{Official website|www.cityofukiah.com}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Ukiah, California
|North = [[Redwood Valley, California]]
|Northeast = [[Potter Valley, California]]
|East = [[Talmage, California]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Hopland, California]]
|Southwest = [[Boonville, California]]
|West = [[Philo, California]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Mendocino County, California}}
{{California county seats}}
{{Russian River}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ukiah, California| ]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Mendocino County, California]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Logging communities in the United States]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1856]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1876]]