The Crown (TV series) Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{Short description|Historical drama television series}} {{Use British English|date=January 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} {{Infobox television | image = The Crown Title Card.jpg | genre = [[Historical drama]] | creator = [[Peter Morgan]] | starring = {{Plainlist| <!--Order of the cast is determined by the order that is given during the opening credits of the first episodes, per the MOS! New cast additions will be made based on when first credited. --> ; Seasons 1–2 * [[Claire Foy]] * [[Matt Smith]] * [[Vanessa Kirby]] * [[Eileen Atkins]] * [[Jeremy Northam]] * [[Victoria Hamilton]] * [[Ben Miles]] * [[Greg Wise]] * [[Jared Harris]] * [[John Lithgow]] * [[Alex Jennings]] * [[Lia Williams]] * [[Anton Lesser]] * [[Matthew Goode]] ; Seasons 3–4 * [[Olivia Colman]] * [[Tobias Menzies]] * [[Helena Bonham Carter]] * [[Ben Daniels]] * [[Jason Watkins]] * [[Marion Bailey]] * [[Erin Doherty]] * [[Charles Dance]] * [[Josh O'Connor]] * [[Emma Corrin]] * [[Gillian Anderson]] * [[Stephen Boxer]] * [[Emerald Fennell]] ; Seasons 5–6 * [[Imelda Staunton]] * [[Jonathan Pryce]] * [[Lesley Manville]] * [[Dominic West]] * [[Elizabeth Debicki]] * [[Jonny Lee Miller]] * [[Olivia Williams]] * Claudia Harrison * [[Natascha McElhone]] * [[Marcia Warren]] * [[Salim Daw]] * [[Khalid Abdalla]] * [[Bertie Carvel]] * Ed McVey * [[Luther Ford]] * Meg Bellamy }} | theme_music_composer = [[Hans Zimmer]] | composer = {{Plainlist| * [[Rupert Gregson-Williams]] ({{abbr|s.|Season}} 1–2) * [[Lorne Balfe]] ({{abbr|s.|Season}} 2) * [[Martin Phipps]] ({{abbr|s.|Season}} 3–6) }} | country = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-27539739 |title=Netflix plans original UK drama about the Queen |date=23 May 2014 |work=BBC News |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=6 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406152718/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-27539739 |url-status=live }}</ref> * United States<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/10/15/the-crown-claire-foy-and-matt-smith-on-the-making-of-the-100m-ne/ |title=The Crown: Claire Foy and Matt Smith on the making of the £100m Netflix series |first=Mick |last=Brown |date=3 November 2016 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104210335/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/10/15/the-crown-claire-foy-and-matt-smith-on-the-making-of-the-100m-ne/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} | language = English | num_seasons = 6 | num_episodes = 60 | list_episodes = List of The Crown episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Peter Morgan * [[Stephen Daldry]] * [[Andy Harries]] * [[Philip Martin (director)|Philip Martin]] * Suzanne Mackie * Matthew Byam Shaw * Robert Fox * [[Tanya Seghatchian]] * Nina Wolarsky * Allie Goss * [[Benjamin Caron]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Andy Stebbing * Martin Harrison * Michael Casey * [[Andrew Eaton]] * Oona O'Beirn * Faye Ward }} | location = United Kingdom | runtime = 39–72 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Left Bank Pictures]] * [[Sony Pictures Television Studios]] }} | network = [[Netflix]] | first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|11|4}} | last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|12|14}} }} '''''The Crown''''' is a<!--Please do not add any countries here per WP:TVLEAD as the series is both a British and an American production. See the talk page for more.--> [[historical drama]] television series about the reign of [[Queen Elizabeth II]], created and principally written by [[Peter Morgan]] and produced by [[Left Bank Pictures]] and [[Sony Pictures Television]] for [[Netflix]]. Morgan developed the series from his film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006) and his stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'' (2013), which also focus on Elizabeth. The series consists of six seasons, spanning almost six decades, beginning shortly before the [[wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten]] in 1947, and ending with the 2005 [[wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles]]. The principal cast of the series has been changed every two seasons; Elizabeth, for example, was played by [[Claire Foy]] in the first and second seasons, [[Olivia Colman]] in the third and fourth, and [[Imelda Staunton]] in the fifth and sixth. Filming took place at [[Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)|Elstree Studios]] in [[Borehamwood]], Hertfordshire, with location shooting taking place in the United Kingdom and internationally. The first season was released by Netflix on 4 November 2016; the sixth was released in two parts, the first on 16 November 2023 and the second on 14 December 2023. ''The Crown'' has been praised by critics for its acting, directing, writing, cinematography, and production values, although its historical inaccuracies have received some criticism, particularly in the latter half of the series's run. It has [[List of awards and nominations received by The Crown|won numerous awards]], including a [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series]] and two [[Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama|Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series – Drama]]. ==Plot== ''The Crown'' portrays the life of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] from her [[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|wedding]] in 1947 to [[Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]],<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Anita |date=19 August 2015 |title=£100m Netflix Series Recreates Royal Wedding |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11813152/100m-Netflix-series-recreates-royal-wedding.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322133559/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/11813152/100m-Netflix-series-recreates-royal-wedding.html |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> until the early 21st century:<ref name="FinalSeasonAnnounce" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Derrick Bryson|date=9 July 2020|title=Netflix Renews 'The Crown' for a Sixth Season After All|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/arts/television/the-crown-season-6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709195003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/09/arts/television/the-crown-season-6.html |archive-date=9 July 2020|url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=27 December 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> * The first season covers 1947 to 1955, including [[Winston Churchill]] resigning as prime minister and the Queen's sister [[Princess Margaret]] deciding not to marry [[Peter Townsend (RAF officer)|Peter Townsend]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/742509/the-crown-netflix-timeline-what-year-series-1-finish-season-2-what-will-happen-when|title=The Crown: What year did Series 1 finish? What will be in season 2?|last=Smith|first=Russ|website=Daily Express|date=13 December 2016|access-date=24 January 2018|archive-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070641/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/742509/the-crown-netflix-timeline-what-year-series-1-finish-season-2-what-will-happen-when|url-status=live}}</ref> * The second season covers 1956 to 1964, including the [[Suez Crisis]], the resignations of [[Anthony Eden]] and [[Harold Macmillan]] as prime minister, the [[Profumo affair]], and the births of [[Prince Andrew]] and [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]].<ref name="GoodeCast">{{cite web |last=Sandwell |first=Ian |date=23 January 2017 |title=Downton Abbey's Matthew Goode is joining the cast of Netflix's The Crown |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/downton-abbey/news/a819685/downton-abbey-matthew-goode-joins-netflix-the-crown-lord-snowdon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923053856/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/downton-abbey/news/a819685/downton-abbey-matthew-goode-joins-netflix-the-crown-lord-snowdon/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref><ref name="KennedysCast">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/02/the-crown-cast-michael-c-hall-jodi-balfour-kennedy-matthew-goode-netflix-1201906364/ |title='The Crown' Adds Michael C Hall & Jodi Balfour As Jack & Jackie Kennedy |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=9 February 2017 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525121555/https://deadline.com/2017/02/the-crown-cast-michael-c-hall-jodi-balfour-kennedy-matthew-goode-netflix-1201906364/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BettanyTalks" /> * The third season covers 1964 to 1977, including [[Harold Wilson]] and [[Edward Heath]]'s terms as prime minister, the introduction of [[Camilla Shand]], and the Queen's [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Silver Jubilee]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/crown-review-1251712|title='The Crown' Season 3: TV Review| last=Fienberg| first=Daniel| magazine= [[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=4 November 2019|access-date=6 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105130150/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/crown-review-1251712|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="meet-the-cast">{{cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=Meet the cast of The Crown season 3 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/on-demand/2019-11-17/meet-the-cast-of-the-crown-season-3/2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114040504/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/on-demand/2020-11-12/the-crown-season-four-cast-netflix/ |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=[[RadioTimes]]}}</ref> * The fourth season covers 1979 to 1990, including [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s term as prime minister and the marriage of [[Lady Diana Spencer]] and [[Charles, Prince of Wales]].<ref name="THRSeason3&4" /> * The fifth season covers 1991 to 1997, and focuses on the "[[War of the Waleses]]" and the resulting divorce of Charles and Diana, as well as the rise of the Al-Fayed family and the Queen's "''[[annus horribilis]]''" of 1992. * The sixth season covers 1997 to 2005, during the [[premiership of Tony Blair]]. The first four episodes cover the [[death of Diana, Princess of Wales]], and the final six the [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II]], the deaths of [[Princess Margaret]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]], the early relationship of [[Prince William]] and [[Kate Middleton]], and the [[wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles]]. ==Episodes== {{Main|List of The Crown episodes}} {{:List of The Crown episodes}} ==Cast and characters== {{Main|List of The Crown characters|l1=List of ''The Crown'' characters}} <!--Order of the cast is determined by the order that is given during the opening credits of the first episodes, per the MOS, with new additions to the opening credits appended to the list--> ===Main=== * [[Claire Foy]] (seasons 1–2, featured seasons 4 and 6, guest season 5), [[Olivia Colman]] (seasons 3–4, featured season 6), and [[Imelda Staunton]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Queen Elizabeth II]] * [[Matt Smith]] (seasons 1–2), [[Tobias Menzies]] (seasons 3–4), and [[Jonathan Pryce]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] * [[Vanessa Kirby]] (seasons 1–2, guest season 5), [[Helena Bonham Carter]] (seasons 3–4), and [[Lesley Manville]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]] * [[Eileen Atkins]] (season 1) as [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] * [[Jeremy Northam]] as [[Anthony Eden]] (seasons 1–2) * [[Victoria Hamilton]] (seasons 1–2), [[Marion Bailey]] (seasons 3–4), and [[Marcia Warren]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] * [[Ben Miles]] (season 1, featured season 2, guest season 5) and [[Timothy Dalton]] (featured season 5) as [[Peter Townsend (RAF officer)|Peter Townsend]] * [[Greg Wise]] (seasons 1–2) and [[Charles Dance]] (season 3, featured season 4) as [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]] * [[Jared Harris]] as [[King George VI]] (season 1, featured season 2) * [[John Lithgow]] as [[Winston Churchill]] (season 1, featured seasons 2–3) * [[Alex Jennings]] (season 1, featured seasons 2 and 5) and [[Derek Jacobi]] (featured season 3) as [[Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor]] * [[Lia Williams]] (season 1, featured seasons 2 and 5) and [[Geraldine Chaplin]] (featured season 3) as [[Wallis, Duchess of Windsor]] * [[Anton Lesser]] as [[Harold Macmillan]] (season 2) * [[Matthew Goode]] (season 2) and [[Ben Daniels]] (season 3) as [[Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon]] * [[Jason Watkins]] as [[Harold Wilson]] (season 3) * [[Erin Doherty]] (seasons 3–4) and Claudia Harrison (seasons 5–6) as [[Princess Anne]] * [[Josh O'Connor]] (seasons 3–4) and [[Dominic West]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Charles, Prince of Wales]] * [[Emma Corrin]] (season 4) and [[Elizabeth Debicki]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] * [[Gillian Anderson]] as [[Margaret Thatcher]] (season 4) * [[Stephen Boxer]] as [[Denis Thatcher]] (season 4) * [[Emerald Fennell]] (season 4, featured season 3) and [[Olivia Williams]] (seasons 5–6) as [[Camilla Parker Bowles]] * [[Jonny Lee Miller]] (season 5) as [[John Major]] * [[Natascha McElhone]] (season 5) as [[Penny Knatchbull, Lady Romsey]] * [[Bertie Carvel]] (season 6, featured season 5) as [[Tony Blair]] * [[Salim Daw]] (season 6, featured season 5) as [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * [[Khalid Abdalla]] (season 6, featured season 5) as [[Dodi Fayed]] * Ed McVey (season 6) as [[Prince William]] * [[Luther Ford]] (season 6) as [[Prince Harry]] * [[Meg Bellamy]] (season 6) as [[Catherine Middleton]] ===Featured=== The following actors are credited in the opening titles of up to two episodes in a season: * [[Stephen Dillane]] as [[Graham Sutherland]], a noted artist who paints a portrait of the ageing Churchill (season 1) * [[Gemma Whelan]] as Patricia Campbell, a secretary who works with Lord Altrincham and types up his editorial (season 2) * [[John Heffernan (British actor)|John Heffernan]] as [[John Grigg|Lord Altrincham]], a writer who penned a scathing criticism of Elizabeth II (season 2) * [[Paul Sparks]] as [[Billy Graham]], a prominent American preacher whom Elizabeth consults (season 2)<ref name="CastComparisons" /> * [[Michael C. Hall]] as [[John F. Kennedy]], the [[president of the United States]] who visits Elizabeth (season 2) * [[Jodi Balfour]] as [[Jacqueline Kennedy]], the [[first lady of the United States]] who visits Elizabeth (season 2) * [[Burghart Klaußner]] as Dr [[Kurt Hahn]], the founder of [[Gordonstoun]], where Philip and Charles went to school (season 2) * Finn Elliot as school-aged Prince Philip (season 2, guest season 3)<ref name="CastComparisons" /> * Julian Baring as school-aged Prince Charles (season 2)<ref name="CastComparisons">{{cite web|url=https://the-crown-netflix.com/2017/12/11/the-crown-season-two-representation-vs-reality/|title=The Crown Season Two: Representation vs Reality|publisher=Netflix|date=11 December 2017|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151217/https://the-crown-netflix.com/2017/12/11/the-crown-season-two-representation-vs-reality/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Clancy Brown]] as [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], the president of the United States following Kennedy (season 3) * [[Jane Lapotaire]] (season 3), [[Rosalind Knight]] (recurring season 1) and [[Sophie Leigh Stone]] (recurring season 2) as [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]], Philip's mother * [[Mark Lewis Jones]] as [[Edward Millward]], Prince Charles's [[Welsh language]] tutor (season 3) * [[Tim McMullan]] as [[Robin Woods]], the [[Dean of Windsor]] (season 3) * [[Michael Maloney]] as [[Edward Heath]] (season 3) * [[Andrew Buchan]] (season 3, recurring season 4) and [[Daniel Flynn (actor)|Daniel Flynn]] (guest season 5) as [[Andrew Parker Bowles]], Camilla's first husband * [[Harry Treadaway]] as [[Roddy Llewellyn]], Princess Margaret's boyfriend (season 3, guest season 4) * [[Tom Brooke]] as [[Michael Fagan]], a man who enters the Queen's bedroom in 1982 (season 4) * [[Richard Roxburgh]] as [[Bob Hawke]], the [[prime minister of Australia]] (season 4) * [[Tom Burke (actor)|Tom Burke]] as Derek "Dazzle" Jennings, a civil servant and friend of Princess Margaret (season 4) * [[Nicholas Farrell]] as [[Michael Shea (diplomat)|Michael Shea]], Elizabeth's press secretary (season 4) * [[Prasanna Puwanarajah]] as [[Martin Bashir]], the journalist who conducted "[[An Interview with HRH The Princess of Wales]]" (season 5) * [[Eve Best]] as [[Carole Middleton]], mother of Catherine Middleton (season 6) * [[Viola Prettejohn]] as teenage [[Queen Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] (season 6) * Beau Gadsdon as teenage [[Princess Margaret]] (season 6, recurring season 1, guest season 3) ==Production== ===Development=== In November 2014, it was announced that [[Netflix]] was to adapt the 2013 stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'' into a television series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30034850|publisher=BBC|website=www.bbc.co.uk|date=13 November 2014|title=Netflix to adapt Queen Elizabeth II play The Audience|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=3 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103141125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30034850|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter Morgan]], who wrote the 2006 film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' and the play, is the main scriptwriter for ''The Crown''.<ref name="PeterMorgan">{{Cite news |title=Netflix plans original UK drama about the Queen |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27539739 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=3 February 2016 |date=23 May 2014 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925164442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27539739 |url-status=live }}</ref> The directors of the first season are [[Stephen Daldry]], [[Philip Martin (director)|Philip Martin]], [[Julian Jarrold]], and [[Benjamin Caron]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Crown is a 'game changer for British drama' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/netflix/the-crown-game-changer-for-british-drama/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=5 November 2016 |date=17 October 2016 |archive-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104210312/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/netflix/the-crown-game-changer-for-british-drama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The first 10-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and [[Left Bank Pictures]] to date, costing at least £100 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Made in the UK:The Crown |url=http://www.britishfilmcommission.org.uk/made-in-the-uk-the-crown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120010308/http://www.britishfilmcommission.org.uk/made-in-the-uk-the-crown/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2016 |website=British Film Commission |access-date=19 November 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/07/12/the-crown-everything-you-need-to-know-about-netflixs-100-million/ |title=The Crown: the Royal family are 'nervous' about Netflix's new £100 million series |date=29 July 2016 |access-date=2 August 2016 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |archive-date=1 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801081526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/07/12/the-crown-everything-you-need-to-know-about-netflixs-100-million/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2015/06/19/matt-smith-starring-in-netflix-series-the-crown |title=Matt Smith starring in Netflix series, The Crown |website=IGN |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=22 June 2015 |first=Anthony |last=Couto |archive-date=14 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114040438/https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/19/matt-smith-starring-in-netflix-series-the-crown |url-status=live }}</ref> A second season was commissioned,<ref>{{cite news |title=Netflix's glittering Crown could leave BBC looking a little dull |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/oct/31/netflix-glittering-crown-bbc-dull-launch-tv |work=[[The Guardian]] |author=Martinson, Jane |access-date=31 October 2016 |date=4 November 2016 |archive-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101152930/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/oct/31/netflix-glittering-crown-bbc-dull-launch-tv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TelegraphOct2016">{{cite news |title=The Crown is a 'game changer for British drama' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/netflix/the-crown-game-changer-for-british-drama/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=17 October 2016 |date=4 November 2016 |archive-date=22 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022045723/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/netflix/the-crown-game-changer-for-british-drama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the series intended to span 60 episodes over six seasons.<ref name="telegraph" /> By October 2017, "early production" had begun on an anticipated third and fourth season,<ref name="ColmanCast" /> and by the following January, Netflix confirmed the series had been renewed for third and fourth seasons.<ref name="THRSeason3&4">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/crown-season-3-all-details-far-1077716|title='The Crown' Season 3: All the Details (So Far)|last=Bentley|first=Jean|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=24 January 2018|access-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012505/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/crown-season-3-all-details-far-1077716|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2020, Morgan announced that the series had been renewed for a fifth and final season. Speaking to ending the series with five seasons, after it had been intended to last six, Morgan said while crafting the stories for season five, "it has become clear to me that this is the perfect time and place to stop"; Netflix and Sony supported Morgan's decision.<ref name="FinalSeasonAnnounce" /> However, in July 2020, Netflix announced that the series would receive a sixth season as originally intended. Morgan said that when the storylines were being discussed for season five, "it soon became clear that in order to do justice to the richness and complexity of the story we should go back to the original plan and do six seasons". He added that the final two seasons would enable them "to cover the same period in greater detail".<ref name="SeasonSixConfirmed">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/the-crown-season-six-peter-morgan-1202981397/|title='The Crown' Will Run For Six Seasons After Peter Morgan Changes Mind On Fifth Series Finale|last=Kanter|first=Jake|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=9 July 2020|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711084310/https://deadline.com/2020/07/the-crown-season-six-peter-morgan-1202981397/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2020, the estimated production budget of ''The Crown'' has been reported to be $260 million, making it one of the most expensive television series ever.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/nov/16/from-the-crown-to-game-of-thrones-whats-the-most-expensive-tv-show-ever|title=From The Crown to Game of Thrones: what's the most expensive TV show ever?|accessdate=9 June 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Jack |last=Seale|date=16 November 2019}}</ref> ===Casting=== By November 2014, [[Claire Foy]] had entered negotiations to portray [[Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref name="FoyCast">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2014/11/netflix-finds-its-queen-in-claire-foy-1201281387/|title=Netflix's 'The Crown' Finds Its Queen In Claire Foy|last=Jaafar|first=Ali|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=11 November 2014|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070915/http://deadline.com/2014/11/netflix-finds-its-queen-in-claire-foy-1201281387/|url-status=live}}</ref> By May 2015, [[Vanessa Kirby]] was in negotiations to portray [[Princess Margaret]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=15 May 2015 |title=Vanessa Kirby To Play Princess Margaret In Netflix's 'The Crown' |url=https://deadline.com/2015/05/vanessa-kirby-princess-margaret-the-crown-1201427873/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103414/https://deadline.com/2015/05/vanessa-kirby-princess-margaret-the-crown-1201427873/ |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=23 January 2018 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> In June 2015, [[John Lithgow]] was cast as [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Matt Smith]] was cast as [[Prince Philip]], while Foy was confirmed as Queen Elizabeth II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/netflix-the-crown-cast-matt-smith-claire-foy-john-lithgow-1201523102/|title='Doctor Who' Alum Matt Smith Cast in Netflix's 'The Crown' with John Lithgow, Claire Foy|last=Wagmeister|first=Elizabeth|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=18 June 2015|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324223726/https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/netflix-the-crown-cast-matt-smith-claire-foy-john-lithgow-1201523102/|url-status=live}}</ref> Also starring in the first season were [[Victoria Hamilton]], [[Jared Harris]], and [[Eileen Atkins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/09/the-crown-netflix-series-1201827104/|title='The Crown' Trailer: First Look At Netflix's Queen Elizabeth Drama Series|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=27 September 2016|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071052/http://deadline.com/2016/09/the-crown-netflix-series-1201827104/|url-status=live}}</ref> Foy reprised her role as the young Queen in cameos in seasons 4, 5 and 6. For her appearance in "48:1", the eighth episode of season 4, Foy won [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series|an Emmy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2022/11/09/claire-foy-the-crown-season-5-cameo-appearance/|title='The Crown' Season 5: Claire Foy Reprises Queen Elizabeth II Role In Surprise Cameo Appearance|work=Hollywood Life|first=Avery|last=Thompson|date=9 November 2022|accessdate=11 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/the-crown-recap-season-4-episode-8-48-1.html|title=The Crown Recap: Queen of Denial|work=Vulture|first=Sarene|last=Leeds|date=15 November 2020|accessdate=11 November 2022}}</ref> The producers recast the continuing roles with older actors every two seasons, as the timeline moves forward.<ref name="RecastActors" /> In October 2017, [[Olivia Colman]] was cast as Queen Elizabeth II for the third and fourth seasons.<ref name="ColmanCast">{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/olivia-colman-the-crown-queen-elizabeth-season-3-1202600405/|title=Olivia Colman Joins 'The Crown' as Queen Elizabeth for Seasons 3 and 4|last=Birnbaum|first=Olivia|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=26 October 2017|access-date=27 October 2017|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027001128/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/olivia-colman-the-crown-queen-elizabeth-season-3-1202600405/|url-status=live}}</ref> By January 2018, [[Helena Bonham Carter]] and [[Paul Bettany]] were in negotiations to portray Princess Margaret and Prince Philip, respectively, for these seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/the-crown-helena-bonham-carter-talks-princess-margaret-1202236329/|title='The Crown': Helena Bonham Carter Poised To Play Princess Margaret|last=Petski|first=Denise|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=5 January 2018|access-date=5 January 2018|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063749/http://deadline.com/2018/01/the-crown-helena-bonham-carter-talks-princess-margaret-1202236329/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BettanyTalks">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/01/20/the-crown-paul-bettany-negotiations-prince-philip/|title=The Crown: Paul Bettany in talks to play Prince Philip|last=Maslow|first=Nick|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=20 January 2018|access-date=21 January 2018|archive-date=21 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121011838/https://ew.com/tv/2018/01/20/the-crown-paul-bettany-negotiations-prince-philip/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, by the end of the month Bettany was forced to drop out due to the time commitment required.<ref name="BettanyOut">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/01/the-crown-prince-philip-season-3|title=The Crown's Third Season Is Minus a Prince Philip as Paul Bettany Bows Out|last=Miller|first=Julie|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=25 January 2018|access-date=5 March 2018|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114040439/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/01/the-crown-prince-philip-season-3|url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of March 2018, [[Tobias Menzies]] was cast as Prince Philip for the third and fourth seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/03/the-crown-tobias-menzies-prince-philip-matt-smith-netflix-1202354968/|title='The Crown' Sets 'Outlander's Tobias Menzies As New Prince Philip|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=28 March 2018|date=28 March 2018|archive-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329054323/http://deadline.com/2018/03/the-crown-tobias-menzies-prince-philip-matt-smith-netflix-1202354968/|url-status=live}}</ref> In early May 2018, Bonham Carter was confirmed to have been cast, alongside [[Jason Watkins]] as Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]].<ref name="CarterConfirm">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-season-3-helena-bonham-carter-jason-watkins-1202796598/|title='The Crown' Officially Casts Helena Bonham Carter, Adds Jason Watkins for Season 3|last=Otterson|first=Joe|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=3 May 2018|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503183250/http://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-season-3-helena-bonham-carter-jason-watkins-1202796598/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next month, [[Ben Daniels]] was cast as [[Tony Armstrong-Jones]] for the third season,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/the-exorcist-star-ben-daniels-to-play-antony-armstrong-jones-in-season-three-of-the-crown-1202414111/|title='The Crown': 'The Exorcist' Star Ben Daniels To Play Antony Armstrong-Jones In Season 3 Of Netflix's Royal Drama|last=White|first=Peter|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=20 June 2018|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231914/https://deadline.com/2018/06/the-exorcist-star-ben-daniels-to-play-antony-armstrong-jones-in-season-three-of-the-crown-1202414111/|url-status=live}}</ref> along with [[Erin Doherty]] joining the series as [[Princess Anne]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/crowns-princess-anne-be-played-by-erin-doherty-1122586|title='The Crown' Casts Its Princess Anne (Exclusive)|last=Sandberg|first=Bryn Elise|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=22 June 2018|access-date=23 June 2018|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622223544/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/crowns-princess-anne-be-played-by-erin-doherty-1122586|url-status=live}}</ref> A month later, [[Josh O'Connor]] and [[Marion Bailey]] were cast as Prince Charles and the Queen Mother, respectively, for the third and fourth seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-josh-oconnor-prince-charles-marion-bailey-queen-mother-1202886865/|title='The Crown': Josh O'Connor to Play Prince Charles, Marion Bailey the Queen Mother|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=26 July 2018|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=27 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727111524/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-josh-oconnor-prince-charles-marion-bailey-queen-mother-1202886865/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2018, [[Emerald Fennell]] was cast as [[Camilla Shand]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/10/23/the-crown-casts-call-the-midwife-actress-emerald-fennell-as-camilla-parker-bowles/|title=The Crown casts Call the Midwife actress Emerald Fennell as Camilla Parker Bowles|last=Kinane|first=Ruth|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=23 October 2018|access-date=24 October 2018|archive-date=23 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023220350/https://ew.com/tv/2018/10/23/the-crown-casts-call-the-midwife-actress-emerald-fennell-as-camilla-parker-bowles/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2018, [[Charles Dance]] was cast as Louis Mountbatten.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a25605617/the-crown-season-3-charles-dance/|title=The Crown season 3 adds Charles Dance to cast – and here's who he's playing|last=Edwards|first=Chris|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=17 December 2018|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023110714/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a25605617/the-crown-season-3-charles-dance/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2019, [[Emma Corrin]] was cast as [[Lady Diana Spencer]] for the fourth season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/the-crown-casts-princess-diana-season-4|title='The Crown' Just Cast Its Princess Diana|last=Hall|first=Ellie|work=[[BuzzFeed]]|date=9 April 2019|access-date=10 April 2019|archive-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409215337/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/the-crown-casts-princess-diana-season-4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gillian Anderson]], who had been rumoured since January 2019 to be in talks to portray [[Margaret Thatcher]] in the fourth season, was officially confirmed for the role in September 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gillian-anderson-the-crown-margaret-thatcher-netflix-1203327451/ |title=Gillian Anderson Joins 'The Crown' as Margaret Thatcher |last=Nickolai |first=Nate |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=7 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920160130/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/gillian-anderson-the-crown-margaret-thatcher-netflix-1203327451/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ikrd/gillian-anderson-the-crown-netflix-margaret-thatcher |title=Gillian Anderson Will Be Playing Margaret Thatcher In 'The Crown' |last=Dahir |first=Ikran |work=[[BuzzFeed News]] |date=7 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920160126/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ikrd/gillian-anderson-the-crown-netflix-margaret-thatcher |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/09/the-crown-officially-confirms-gillian-anderson-as-margaret-thatcher-for-season-four-1202728647/ |title='The Crown' Officially Confirms Gillian Anderson As Margaret Thatcher For Season Four |last=Haring |first=Bruce |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=7 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920160126/https://deadline.com/2019/09/the-crown-officially-confirms-gillian-anderson-as-margaret-thatcher-for-season-four-1202728647/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2020, [[Imelda Staunton]] was announced as succeeding Colman as the Queen in the fifth season, with her role in the final season reported in July.<ref name="FinalSeasonAnnounce">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/global/the-crown-will-end-after-season-five-with-imelda-staunton-as-queen-elizabeth-1203488171/|title='The Crown' Will End After Season 5 With Imelda Staunton as Queen Elizabeth|last=Ravindran|first=Manori|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=31 January 2020|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131153801/https://variety.com/2020/tv/global/the-crown-will-end-after-season-five-with-imelda-staunton-as-queen-elizabeth-1203488171/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SeasonSixConfirmed" /> Also in July 2020, [[Lesley Manville]] was announced as portraying Princess Margaret,<ref name="SeasonSixConfirmed" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/tv/the-crown-season-5-lesley-manville-princess-margaret/|title=The Crown season 5 dubs Lesley Manville the new Princess Margaret|last=Romano|first=Nick|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=2 July 2020|access-date=2 July 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703031838/https://ew.com/tv/the-crown-season-5-lesley-manville-princess-margaret/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the following month, [[Jonathan Pryce]] and [[Elizabeth Debicki]] had been cast as Prince Philip and Diana, Princess of Wales, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/jonathan-pryce-cast-as-prince-philip-the-crown-1203011673/|title=Oscar-Nominated 'Game Of Thrones' Star Jonathan Pryce Cast As Prince Philip In 'The Crown'|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=12 August 2020|access-date=12 August 2020|work=Deadline Hollywood|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812221407/https://deadline.com/2020/08/jonathan-pryce-cast-as-prince-philip-the-crown-1203011673/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-crown-adds-elizabeth-debicki-as-princess-diana-for-final-two-seasons-1203014754/|title='The Crown' Adds Elizabeth Debicki As Princess Diana For Final Two Seasons|last=Haring|first=Bruce|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=16 August 2020|access-date=16 August 2020|archive-date=16 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816210502/https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-crown-adds-elizabeth-debicki-as-princess-diana-for-final-two-seasons-1203014754/|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2020, [[Dominic West]] was in talks to play Prince Charles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/the-crown-dominic-west-in-talks-prince-charles-1234600198/|title='The Crown': Dominic West In Talks To Play Prince Charles|last=Kanter|first=Jake|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=20 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> His casting was confirmed in April 2021 when the start date for production of the fifth season was announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/royals/the-crown-season-5-start-filming-july-new-cast/|title=The Crown Season 5 to Begin Filming in July with All-New Cast|last=Hill|first=Erin|work=People Magazine|date=7 April 2021|access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/the-crown-season-5-filming-1234945760/|title='The Crown' Season 5 to Start Filming in July (EXCLUSIVE)|work=Variety|first=Manori|last=Ravindran|date=7 April 2021|accessdate=16 January 2023}}</ref> In June 2021, [[Jonny Lee Miller]] was cast as [[John Major]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/e2-80-98the-crown-e2-80-99-jonny-lee-miller-to-play-prime-minister-john-major-in-season-5/ar-AALrn8v/|title='The Crown': Jonny Lee Miller To Play Prime Minister John Major In Season 5|last=Kanter|first=Jake|work=Deadline|date=25 June 2021}}</ref> During the same month, [[Olivia Williams]] confirmed during an interview that she had joined the cast as Camilla Parker Bowles for the series's fifth and sixth seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/olivia-williams-my-big-royal-comeback-now-im-playing-camilla-in-the-crown-9prhg3n09|title=Olivia Williams: My big royal comeback — now I'm playing Camilla in The Crown|last=Smith|first=Julia Llewellyn|work=The Times|date=12 June 2021}}</ref> In July 2021, actress [[Marcia Warren]] joined the cast during filming as Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veteran actress Marcia Warren 'cast as The Queen Mother in The Crown' – Media Mole|url=https://amp.mediamole.co.uk/entertainment/tv/news/veteran-actress-marcia-warren-cast-as-the-queen-mother-in-the-crown_457535.html|access-date=16 September 2021|website=amp.mediamole.co.uk}}</ref> That same month, the casting of Claudia Harrison as Princess Anne was also confirmed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gordon|first=Naomi|date=4 August 2021|title=The Crown season 5: Claudia Harrison cast as Princess Anne|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/uk/lifestyle/a37220677/the-crown-princess-anne-claudia-harrison/|access-date=16 September 2021|website=Good Housekeeping|language=en-GB}}</ref> In September 2021, [[Khalid Abdalla]] and Salim Daw were announced to play [[Dodi Fayed]] and [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/the-crown-khalid-abdalla-dodi-al-fayed-salim-daw-mohammed-1235072176/|title='The Crown' Casts Khalid Abdalla as Dodi Fayed, Princess Diana's Tragic Boyfriend; Salim Daw to Play His Father (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Yossman|first=K.J.|work=Variety|date=23 September 2021}}</ref> Later that month, it was confirmed that [[Timothy Dalton]] had been cast as [[Peter Townsend (RAF officer)|Peter Townsend]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2021/09/25/timothy-daltons-licence-thrill-crown-audiences-princess-margarets/|title=Timothy Dalton's licence to thrill Crown audiences as Princess Margaret's former lover|last=Singh|first=Anita|work=The Telegraph|date=25 September 2021}}</ref> In January 2022, [[Humayun Saeed]] was cast as [[Hasnat Khan|Dr Hasnat Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/streaming/news/the-crown-humayun-saeed-hasnat-khan-princess-diana-1235149744/|title='The Crown': Pakistani Star Humayun Saeed Cast as Princess Diana's Companion Dr Hasnat Khan in Hit Netflix Series (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Ramachadran|first=Naman|work=Variety|date=9 January 2022}}</ref> A casting search for actors to play teenage [[Prince William]] and [[Prince Harry]] in the sixth season began in March 2022. The new actor for Prince William would replace Senan West, who was cast as a young Prince William for season five, with the other new castings for the fifth season expected to remain for the sixth season.<ref name="WilliamHarryCastingSearch">{{Cite web |last=Yossman |first=K.J. |date=17 March 2022 |title=Netflix Set to Shoot 'The Crown' Season 6 This Summer, Looks to Cast Teenage Prince William and Harry |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/prince-william-harry-the-crown-season-6-1235207823/ |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> In April 2022, a casting call was posted for a young [[Catherine Middleton]] to be portrayed in the sixth season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yossman |first=K.J. |date=26 April 2022 |title=Netflix's 'The Crown' Posts a Casting Call for a Young Kate Middleton |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/the-crown-kate-middleton-1235241072/ |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> In September 2022, it was announced that Rufus Kampas and Ed McVey would portray Prince William, and Meg Bellamy would portray Catherine Middleton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/the-crown-netflix-prince-william-kate-middleton-casting-1235106198/|title=Netflix Drama 'The Crown' Finds Its William And Kate: Two Actors To Play Prince & Newcomer Cast As Kate Middleton In Season 6|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]] | last = Bamigboye|first= Baz | date= 2 September 2022 | access-date= 2 September 2022}}</ref> ==== Gender pay gap controversy ==== The Left Bank producers stated that Smith was paid more than Foy for the first two seasons, partly because of his ''[[Doctor Who]]'' fame.<ref name="FoySmithPay">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-season-3-donald-trump-megan-markle-1202725163/|title=Claire Foy Was Paid Less Than Matt Smith on 'The Crown'|last=Birnbaum|first=Debra|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=13 March 2018|access-date=26 March 2018|archive-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325213447/http://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-season-3-donald-trump-megan-markle-1202725163/|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to a [[gender pay gap]] controversy, including the creation of a petition asking Smith to donate the difference between his and Foy's salary to the [[Time's Up Legal Defense Fund]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/petition-matt-smith-the-crown-salary-times-up-1202729883/|title=Petition Calls on Matt Smith to Donate Part of His Salary From 'The Crown' to Time's Up|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=19 March 2018|access-date=26 March 2018|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326200859/http://variety.com/2018/tv/news/petition-matt-smith-the-crown-salary-times-up-1202729883/|url-status=live}}</ref> Left Bank later apologised to Foy and Smith and said that they had been at the centre of a media storm “through no fault of their own", adding that they "are responsible for budgets and salaries; the actors are not aware of who gets what, and cannot be held personally responsible for the pay of their colleagues". They added that they support "the drive for gender equality in film and TV and [were] eager to talk to the British Time's Up campaign and [were] already speaking to Era 50:50, a group campaigning for gender equality on screen and stage".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-producers-apologize-to-claire-foy-matt-smith-1202731165/|title='The Crown' Producers Apologize to Claire Foy, Matt Smith Over Gender Pay Scandal|last=Clarke|first=Stewart|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=20 March 2018|access-date=26 March 2018|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326200857/http://variety.com/2018/tv/news/the-crown-producers-apologize-to-claire-foy-matt-smith-1202731165/|url-status=live}}</ref> Suzanne Mackie, Left Bank's creative director, did note that in future no actor would be paid more than the actress portraying the Queen.<ref name="FoySmithPay" /> Regarding the controversy, Foy was "not surprised” that it became a big story, “in the sense that it was a female-led drama”.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/03/24/claire-foy-the-crown-pay-controversy/|title=Claire Foy talks The Crown pay controversy: 'I'm not surprised people went, "That's a bit odd{{"'}}|last=Collis|first=Clark|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=24 March 2018|access-date=26 March 2018|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326005935/http://ew.com/tv/2018/03/24/claire-foy-the-crown-pay-controversy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Smith noted that he supported Foy and was "pleased that it was resolved and [the producers] made amends for it because that's what needed to happen". ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' noted it was unclear what Smith was referring to as resolved, since Netflix and Left Bank had not commented further.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/matt-smith-crown-claire-foy-pay-disparity-tribeca-film-festival-2018-1104842|title='The Crown' Star Matt Smith Breaks Silence on Claire Foy Pay-Disparity Controversy|last=Lewis|first=Hilary|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=22 April 2018|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423224430/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/matt-smith-crown-claire-foy-pay-disparity-tribeca-film-festival-2018-1104842|url-status=live}}</ref> Foy later described reports that she had received backpay to bring her salary up to parity as "not quite correct".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/a22582948/claire-foy-gender-pay-gap-back-pay-the-crown/|title=Claire Foy won't receive back pay for her role in 'The Crown' after gender pay gap dispute|last=Fowler|first=Danielle|date=29 July 2018|magazine=Harper's BAZAAR|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225163017/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/culture-news/a22582948/claire-foy-gender-pay-gap-back-pay-the-crown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[File:Costumes from The Crown.jpg|thumb|Replica [[coronation gown of Elizabeth II]] and wedding suit of Prince Philip used in the series]] An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at [[Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)|Elstree Studios]] in [[Borehamwood]], Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, altogether taking 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of [[10 Downing Street]], were built at Elstree Studios,<ref name="TelegraphOct2016" /><ref name="LocationGuide" /> while [[Lancaster House]], [[Wrotham Park]] and [[Wilton House]] were used to double as [[Buckingham Palace]]. [[Ely Cathedral]] and [[Winchester Cathedral]] stood in for [[Westminster Abbey]], while locations in South Africa doubled as Kenya.<ref name="TelegraphOct2016" /> Additional locations in the UK included [[Belvoir Castle]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2020/09/belvoir-castle-loses-the-crown-to-burghley-house/|title=Belvoir Castle loses The Crown to Burghley House|website=The Lincolnite|first= Joseph|last= Verney|date=8 September 2020|access-date=27 April 2021|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031020328/https://thelincolnite.co.uk/2020/09/belvoir-castle-loses-the-crown-to-burghley-house/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Waddesdon Manor]], [[Eltham Palace]], the [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich|Royal Naval College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-01-09/the-crown-where-was-it-filmed |title=The Crown: Where was it filmed? |website=[[Radio Times]] |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080813/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-01-09/the-crown-where-was-it-filmed |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Goldsmiths' Hall]], [[Shoreham Airport]], [[New Slains Castle]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-01-09/the-crown-where-was-it-filmed-2 |title=The Crown: Where was it filmed? Page 2 |website=Radio Times |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080223/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-01-09/the-crown-where-was-it-filmed-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Balmoral Castle]], [[Cruden Bay]], [[Lyceum Theatre, London|Lyceum Theatre]], [[Loseley Park]], [[Hatfield House]],<ref name="LocationGuide">{{cite web |url=http://www.thelocationguide.com/2016/11/netflix-period-drama-the-crown-filmed-on-location-throughout-the-uk-and-south-africa/ |title=Netflix period drama The Crown filmed on location throughout the UK and South Africa |last=Deehan |first=Tom |website=The Location Guide |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155627/http://www.thelocationguide.com/2016/11/netflix-period-drama-the-crown-filmed-on-location-throughout-the-uk-and-south-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chatham Dockyard|The Historic Dockyard Chatham]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/2016/10/the-crown-2016/ |title=The Crown (2016) |website=Kent Film Office |date=31 October 2016 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211641/http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/2016/10/the-crown-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Southwark Cathedral]], [[Ardverikie House]], [[Englefield House]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington College]], the [[Great Central Railway (heritage railway)|Great Central Railway]] and the [[Glenfeshie Estate]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moviepilot.com/p/netflix-the-crown-drama-filming-locations/4138042 |title='The Crown': Where Was The Expensive New Drama Filmed? |last=Fedko-Blake |first=Vaira |website=Movie Pilot |date=7 November 2016 |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075123/https://moviepilot.com/p/netflix-the-crown-drama-filming-locations/4138042 |archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> Filming on the second season began in early October 2016.<ref name="RecastActors">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/news/a812828/the-crown-will-replace-matt-smith-claire-foy-and-its-entire-cast-after-two-seasons/ |title=The Crown will replace Matt Smith, Claire Foy and its ENTIRE CAST after two seasons |last=Jeffrey |first=Morgan |website=Digital Spy |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210054349/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/news/a812828/the-crown-will-replace-matt-smith-claire-foy-and-its-entire-cast-after-two-seasons/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Each episode of the first two seasons would shoot for about 22 days, with each costing about £5 million to produce.<ref name="FoySmithPay"/> The third season began filming in July 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/tv/news/958541-new-the-crown-season-3-photos-featuring-helena-bonham-carter|title=New The Crown Season 3 Photos Featuring Helena Bonham Carter|last=Frederick|first=Clint|website=[[ComingSoon.net]]|date=18 July 2018|access-date=18 July 2018|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114040439/https://www.comingsoon.net/tv/news/958541-new-the-crown-season-3-photos-featuring-helena-bonham-carter|url-status=live}}</ref> and concluded in February 2019. The fourth season began filming in August 2019 and wrapped in March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/on-demand/2019-03-19/the-crown-season-3-netflix-release-date-cast-characters-plot-news-trailer-olivia-colman/|title=When is The Crown season 3 on Netflix? Who is in the cast, and what is going to happen?|last=Gill|first=James|website=[[RadioTimes]]|date=30 November 2019|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114040439/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/on-demand/2019-11-30/the-crown-season-3-netflix-release-date-cast/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ew.com/tv/the-crown-season-4-coronavirus/|title='The Crown' season 4 completes filming early during coronavirus pandemic|website=EW.com|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320010303/https://ew.com/tv/the-crown-season-4-coronavirus/|url-status=live}}</ref> Shooting locations used to double foreign settings included [[Manchester]] (as New York City), [[Málaga]] and [[Almería]] (as Sydney and other Australian settings), as well as Atlanterra, [[Province of Cádiz|Cádiz]] (as [[Mustique]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/tv/drama/the-crown-season-4-locations-where-filmed-netflix-royal-drama|website=[[bt.com]]|title=The Crown season 4 filming locations: Find out where the Netflix royal saga was shot|date=2 December 2020|first=Becky|last=Gamester-Newton}}</ref> The filming of the fifth season began in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Gonzales|first1=Erica|last2=Betancourt|first2=Bianca|date=17 August 2021|title=We Finally Have an Official Look at the New Charles and Diana in 'The Crown'|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a29890840/the-crown-season-5-news-cast-spoilers-date/|access-date=16 September 2021|magazine=Harper's BAZAAR|language=en-US}}</ref> The year break in filming between the end of season four and the start of season five was built into the series's production schedule and was not related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="SeasonFiveFilming">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/the-crown-season-5-premiere-2022-filming-summer-2021-1202990878/ |title='The Crown' Season 5 Will Not Premiere Until 2022 As Netflix Show Takes Filming Break |work=Deadline Hollywood |first=Jake |last=Kanter |date=22 July 2020 |access-date=22 July 2020 |archive-date=22 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722082953/https://deadline.com/2020/07/the-crown-season-5-premiere-2022-filming-summer-2021-1202990878/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 February 2022, items previously used in the series's production worth £150,000 were stolen from three vehicles, most of which were described to have "limited value for resale" but "are valuable as pieces to the UK film industry".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/25/entertainment/crown-props-theft/index.html|title=Props from the 'The Crown' stolen in the UK|work=CNN|first=Marianne|last=Garvey|date=25 February 2022|accessdate=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/24/the-crowns-jewels-stolen-in-yorkshire-raid-on-tv-shows-vehicles|title=The Crown's jewels stolen in Yorkshire raid on TV show's vehicles|work=The Guardian|first=Josh|last=Halliday|date=24 February 2022|accessdate=14 December 2022}}</ref> Locations featured in series five included [[Cobham Hall]], which doubled as [[Eton College]], and [[Chatham Dockyard|the Historic Dockyard at Chatham]], both in [[Kent]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kent Film Office |url=https://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/filmed-in-kent/2022/11/the-crown-2016-2022/|title=Kent Film Office The Crown (2016–2022) Article|date=8 November 2022 }}</ref> Filming for the sixth season began in August 2022,<ref name="WilliamHarryCastingSearch" /> but Morgan noted he expected it to stop for a period of time in September following the [[death of Elizabeth II]] "out of respect".<ref>{{cite web |last=Bamigboye |first=Baz |date=8 September 2022 |title='The Crown's Peter Morgan Expects Series To Pause Filming "Out Of Respect" For Queen Elizabeth; Calls Netflix Drama "A Love Letter" To Her |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/queen-elizabeth-death-the-crown-series-pause-production-peter-morgan-1235111740/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> In October 2022, it was reported that the events just before and right after the [[death of Diana, Princess of Wales]] in [[Paris]] would be filmed for season six.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bamigboye |first=Baz |date=12 October 2022 |title='The Crown' Stars And Creatives "On Edge" As Date Nears For Filming Of Princess Diana's Death In Paris|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/crown-netflix-princess-diana-death-scenes-stars-creatives-on-edge-1235140912/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> === Historical accuracy === The series has been criticised for its depiction of historical events, particularly from the fourth season onwards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hogan |first=Michael |date=17 November 2023 |title='Royally lost the plot': how The Crown went from prestige drama to TV disaster |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/nov/17/royally-lost-the-plot-how-the-crown-went-from-prestige-drama-to-tv-disaster |access-date=26 November 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The programme's historical consultant, Robert Lacey, has stated that "there are two sorts of truth. There's historical truth and then there's the larger truth about the past" and that "when history gets departed from, it's not done casually. It's done on the basis of wanting to convey a particular message that can only be conveyed by invention."<ref name="a29873503">{{Cite news|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a29873503/the-crown-netflix-tv-show-accuracy/|title=Is The Crown Accurate? The Answer Is Complicated|last=Hallemann|first=Caroline|date=23 November 2019|work=Town and Country|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128010033/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a29873503/the-crown-netflix-tv-show-accuracy/|url-status=live}}</ref> An example of such a departure is the season one plot in which the Queen and the government oppose Princess Margaret's desire to marry Peter Townsend, which would have required the monarch's permission under the [[Royal Marriages Act 1772]]; in reality a plan was made to amend the Act to allow the marriage while removing Margaret and her children from the line of succession.<ref name="BBCMag38032464">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Reynolds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38032464 |title=Did the Queen stop Princess Margaret marrying Peter Townsend? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 November 2016 |access-date=19 November 2016 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119051532/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38032464 |url-status=live}}</ref> The fourth season was criticised in the UK press as "inaccurate" and "anti-monarchy".<ref>{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Zoe |date=26 November 2019 |title=The Crown: shameless royal propaganda – or an insult to the monarchy? |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/shortcuts/2019/nov/26/the-crown-shameless-royal-propaganda-or-an-insult-to-the-monarchy |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Is The Crown true to life?">{{cite web |last=Vickers |first=Hugo |date=17 November 2020 |title=Is The Crown true to life? A royal expert's analysis of season 4 |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/is-the-crown-true-to-life-season-4-episodes-hwxzkdsm3 |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=The Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Heffer |first=Simon |date=20 November 2020 |title=The Royal family are right to be furious about The Crown – this series is a disgrace |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/royal-family-right-furious-the-crown-this-series-disgrace/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/royal-family-right-furious-the-crown-this-series-disgrace/ |archive-date=10 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It was described as "fake history" by [[Simon Jenkins]] in ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Simon |date=16 November 2020 |title=The Crown's fake history is as corrosive as fake news {{!}} Simon Jenkins |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/16/the-crown-fake-history-news-tv-series-royal-family-artistic-licence |access-date=17 November 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and the royal biographer [[Sally Bedell Smith]] stated that "because ''The Crown'' is such a lavish and expensive production, so beautifully acted and cleverly written, and so much attention has been paid to visual details about historical events, viewers are tricked into believing that what they are seeing actually happened".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Miller |first1=Julie |date=18 November 2020 |title=Why The Crown Season 4's Prince Charles Appalls Royal Experts |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2020/11/the-crown-season-4-prince-charles |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> The British culture secretary, [[Oliver Dowden]], and the actress [[Judi Dench]] both suggested that the series should have a fiction warning at the beginning as a disclaimer.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arkin |first=Daniel |date=30 November 2020 |title=Netflix needs to make clear 'The Crown' is fictional, British culture minister says |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/tv/netflix-needs-make-clear-crown-fictional-british-culture-minister-says-n1249397 |access-date=30 November 2020 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=20 October 2022 |title=Judi Dench diz que 'The Crown' faz 'sensacionalismo bruto' e pede medidas à Netflix |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/celebridades/2022/10/judi-dench-diz-que-the-crown-faz-sensacionalismo-bruto-e-pede-medidas-a-netflix.shtml |access-date=21 October 2022 |website=F5 |language=pt-BR}}</ref> In October 2022 Netflix added a disclaimer to the series's title synopsis page on its website and to the [[YouTube]] description of the trailer for season five, which describes it as a "fictional dramatisation" that was "inspired by real events".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Glynn |first1=Paul |last2=Bushby |first2=Helen |date=21 October 2022 |title=Netflix adds disclaimer under The Crown's trailer for series five |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63341010 |access-date=23 October 2022 |work=BBC |language=en}}</ref> The accuracy of the series has been criticised by some of the individuals and institutions portrayed. [[Gordonstoun]] School responded to its negative portrayal by claiming that Prince Charles's personal feedback to the school had been overwhelmingly positive.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|title=Colditz in kilts? Charles loved it, says old school as Gordonstoun hits back at The Crown|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/10/prince-charles-school-hits-back-crown-colditz-kilts-portrayal/|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|author=Rudgard, Olivia|access-date=28 April 2018|date=10 December 2017|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620040626/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/10/prince-charles-school-hits-back-crown-colditz-kilts-portrayal/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Michael Fagan]], whose intrusion into the Queen's bedroom while she slept is depicted in season four, has said that his conversation with the Queen was "short, polite and non-controversial", and that he never spoke about Margaret Thatcher as he is shown doing in the series.<ref name="Tel">{{cite web |last1=Mount |first1=Harry |date=22 November 2020 |title=How accurate is season 4 of The Crown? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/crown-season-4-netflix-princess-diana-prince-charles-truth-facts/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/crown-season-4-netflix-princess-diana-prince-charles-truth-facts/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=telegraph.co.uk |publisher=Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|prime ministers]] [[John Major]] and [[Tony Blair]] publicly criticised the series; Blair's spokesman described the first episode of the season five, where in 1991 Prince Charles is portrayed attempting to recruit John Major and Tony Blair to support the Queen's abdication in favour of him, as "complete and utter rubbish".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/the-crown-lord-heseltine-praises-john-major-and-tony-blair-for-speaking-out-against-latest-series-of-show-12739160|title=The Crown: Lord Heseltine praises John Major and Tony Blair for speaking out against latest series of show|work=Sky News|date=5 November 2022|accessdate=6 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20221104-the-crown-series-5-review-gripping-but-badly-told-soap|title=The Crown series 5 review: 'Gripping, but badly-told soap'|work=BBC|first=Hugh|last=Montgomery|date=5 November 2022|accessdate=6 November 2022}}</ref> Major stated that no such conversation took place, and that the scene was "a barrel-load of malicious nonsense".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63283024|title=The Crown: Netflix defends show after Sir John Major criticism|work=BBC|first=Emma|last=Saunders|date=17 October 2022|accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> Conversely, during a 2021 appearance on ''[[The Late Late Show with James Corden]]'', [[Prince Harry]] stated that he was comfortable with ''The Crown''{{'}}s portrayal of the royal family, noting that, while as a work of fiction it is "not strictly accurate", it does give a "rough idea" of the pressures of "putting duty and service above family and everything else".<ref>{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Caroline |date=26 February 2021 |title=Prince Harry defends Netflix's The Crown in James Corden interview |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/feb/26/prince-harry-netflix-the-crown-james-corden-interview-meghan |access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=26 February 2021 |title=Prince Harry Talks 'The Crown,' Stepping Back From Royalty, on Bus Tour With James Corden |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/prince-harry-james-corden-the-crown-1234916059/ |access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> ==Release== The series's first two episodes were released in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/crown-film |title=''The Crown'' [Season 1, Episodes 1 & 2] (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=25 October 2016 |access-date=26 October 2016 |archive-date=26 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026170236/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/crown-film |url-status=live }}</ref> The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on 4 November 2016.<ref name="PremiereDate">{{cite magazine |title=Matt Smith's Netflix drama The Crown gets premiere date |url=https://www.ew.com/article/2016/04/11/matt-smith-netflix-crown-premiere-date |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=12 April 2016 |first=Dylan |last=Kickham |date=11 April 2016 |archive-date=14 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414121555/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/04/11/matt-smith-netflix-crown-premiere-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Claire Foy and Matt Smith face the challenges of royal life in new extended trailer for Netflix drama The Crown |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-09-27/claire-foy-and-matt-smith-face-the-challenges-of-royal-life-in-new-extended-trailer-for-netflix-drama-the-crown |website=Radio Times |access-date=27 September 2016 |date=27 September 2016 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927214700/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-09-27/claire-foy-and-matt-smith-face-the-challenges-of-royal-life-in-new-extended-trailer-for-netflix-drama-the-crown |url-status=live }}</ref> The second season was released on 8 December 2017.<ref name="Season2Release">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/the-crown-season-2-premiere-date-first-trailer-1202522364/|title='The Crown' Season 2 Sets Premiere Date, Releases First Trailer|last=Otterson|first=Joe|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=10 August 2017|access-date=10 August 2017|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810162238/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/the-crown-season-2-premiere-date-first-trailer-1202522364/|url-status=live}}</ref> The third season was released on 17 November 2019.<ref name="Season3">{{cite web|title='The Crown Season 3 (Finally!) Gets November Premiere Date at Netflix|url=https://tvline.com/2019/08/12/the-crown-season-3-premiere-date-netflix/|last=Iannucci|first=Rebecca|work=[[TVLine]]|date=12 August 2019|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031050545/https://tvline.com/2019/08/12/the-crown-season-3-premiere-date-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref> The fourth season was released on 15 November 2020.<ref name="S4Premiere">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-crown-season-4-to-premiere-in-november-on-netflix-1203018414/|title='The Crown': Netflix Sets Premiere Date, Drops First Trailer For Season 4|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Jake|last=Kanter|date=20 August 2020|access-date=20 August 2020|archive-date=20 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820153937/https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-crown-season-4-to-premiere-in-november-on-netflix-1203018414/|url-status=live}}</ref> The fifth season was released on 9 November 2022.<ref name="SeasonFiveFilming" /><ref name="Season5Premiere">{{Cite web |last=Bamigboye |first=Baz |author-link=Baz Bamigboye|date=24 September 2022 |title='The Crown' Gets November Premiere Date After Sensitive Behind-The-Scenes Discussions Following Death Of Queen |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/the-crown-season-5-premiere-date-netflix-queen-elizabeth-death-1235125467/ |access-date=24 September 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> The sixth and final season was released in two parts; the first on 16 November 2023 and the second on 14 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=9 October 2023 |title='The Crown' Final Season To Launch In 2 Parts; Premiere Dates Set; Watch Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/the-crown-final-season-premiere-dates-two-parts-trailer-1235567735/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Deadline}}</ref> The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 16 October 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-1-DVD/dp/B071Z24LPH |title=The Crown: Season 1 [DVD] [2017] |website=[[amazon.co.uk]] |date=16 October 2017 |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200900/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-1-DVD/dp/B071Z24LPH |url-status=live }}</ref> and worldwide on 7 November.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/8302/the-crown |title=The Crown (TV Series) |website=dvdsreleasedates.com |date=7 November 2017 |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200712/https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/8302/the-crown |url-status=live }}</ref> The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 22 October 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-2-DVD/dp/B07GJD714Y |title=The Crown – Season 2 [DVD] [2018] |website=[[amazon.co.uk]] |date=28 September 2018 |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200821/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-2-DVD/dp/B07GJD714Y |url-status=live }}</ref> and worldwide on 13 November 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/8302/the-crown |title=The Crown (TV Series) |website=dvdsreleasedates.com |date=13 November 2018 |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200712/https://www.dvdsreleasedates.com/movies/8302/the-crown |url-status=live }}</ref> The third season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 2 November 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-03-DVD/dp/B088RXJF8Q |title=The Crown: Season 3 [DVD] [2020] |website=[[amazon.co.uk]] |date=2 November 2020 |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> and worldwide the following day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Crown-Season-03-Olivia-Colman/dp/B08F6JZBRK/ |title=The Crown – Season 03 |website=[[amazon.com]] |date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crown-Season-Amazon-Excl-DVD/dp/B094P1TYRZ |title=The Crown – Season 4 (Amazon Excl.) [DVD] [2021] |website=[[amazon.co.uk]] |date=1 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref> and worldwide the following day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Crown-Season-4-DVD/dp/B096TQ6BL6/ |title=The Crown: Season 4 [DVD] |website=[[amazon.com]] |date=2 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== {{Television critical response | link1 = The Crown (season 1)#Reception | rotten_tomatoes1 = 88% (77 reviews)<ref name="rts1"/> | metacritic1 = 81 (29 reviews)<ref name="mcs1"/> | link2 = The Crown (season 2)#Reception | rotten_tomatoes2 = 89% (85 reviews)<ref name="rts2">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s02|title=The Crown: Season 2|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411195609/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s02|url-status=live}}</ref> | metacritic2 = 87 (27 reviews)<ref name="mcs2">{{cite web|title=The Crown: Season 2|url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-2|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625034742/http://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-2|url-status=live}}</ref> | link3 = The Crown (season 3)#Reception | rotten_tomatoes3 = 90% (100 reviews)<ref name="RottenTomatoes">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s03|title=The Crown: Season 3|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105190952/https://rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s03|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | metacritic3 = 84 (30 reviews)<ref name="Metacritic">{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-3|title=The Crown – Season 3 reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210235/https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-3|archive-date=8 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | link4 = The Crown (season 4)#Reception | rotten_tomatoes4 = 95% (111 reviews)<ref name="rts4">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s04 |title=The Crown: Season 4 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113211852/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s04 |url-status=live }}</ref> | metacritic4 = 86 (28 reviews)<ref name="mcs4">{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-4 |title=The Crown: Season 4 |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110233146/https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-4 |url-status=live }}</ref> | link5 = The Crown (season 5)#Critical response | rotten_tomatoes5 = 71% (101 reviews)<ref name="rts5"/> | metacritic5 = 65 (37 reviews)<ref name="mcs5"/> | link6 = The Crown (season 6)#Critical response | rotten_tomatoes6 = 56% (82 reviews)<ref name="rts6"/> | metacritic6 = 61 (29 reviews)<ref name="mcs6"/> }} [[File:John Lithgow 8 by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|125px|right|[[John Lithgow]] won multiple awards for his performance as [[Winston Churchill]].]] ''The Crown'' has been praised as a drama, being described by ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' as "TV's best soap opera" and given a 5/5 rating, although some reviewers, such as in ''[[The Times]]'', raised concerns that some of the episodes are based on false premises.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/0/crown-season-3-netflix-review-tvs-best-soap-opera/|title=The Crown, season 3 Netflix review|website=The Telegraph|first=Anita|last= Singh|date=5 November 2019|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528151402/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/0/crown-season-3-netflix-review-tvs-best-soap-opera/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fact-from-fiction">{{Cite news |last=Vickers |first=Hugo |date=17 November 2019 |title=How accurate is The Crown? We sort fact from fiction in the royal drama |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-accurate-is-the-crown-we-sort-fact-from-fiction-in-the-royal-drama-8g708rz2c |url-status=live |access-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204151714/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-accurate-is-the-crown-we-sort-fact-from-fiction-in-the-royal-drama-8g708rz2c |archive-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> The series has an overall score of 81% on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] and 78 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown|title=The Crown|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown|title= The Crown|publisher=Metacritc}}</ref> The first season has an 88% critical approval rating on the [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on 74 reviews with an average rating of 8.6/10. Its critical consensus reads "Powerful performances and lavish cinematography make ''The Crown'' a top-notch production worthy of its grand subject."<ref name="rts1">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s01 |title=The Crown: Season 1 (2016) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=12 January 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410030239/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s01 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Metacritic]] gives the season a score of 81 out of 100, based on 29 critics.<ref name="mcs1">{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-1|title=The Crown: Season 1|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=7 November 2016|archive-date=16 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116085221/https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-1|url-status=live}}</ref> The second, third, and fourth seasons received similarly positive reviews. The response to the fifth season, while still positive, was less favourable; it holds a 71% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 101 reviews, with an average rating of 6.75/10, and the critical consensus reads "In its fifth season, it's hard to shake the feeling that this series has lost some of its luster – but addictive drama and a sterling cast remain ''The Crown''{{'}}s jewels."<ref name="rts5">{{cite web |title=The Crown: Season 5 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s05 |access-date=22 November 2022 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> The season holds a score of 65 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 37 critics.<ref name="mcs5">{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-5 |title=The Crown: Season 5 |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> The sixth season has a rating of 56% on Rotten Tomatoes from 82 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10; the critical consensus reads "Elizabeth Debicki's haunting portrayal does right by the Princess of Wales, but ''The Crown''<nowiki/>'s final season often feels like a reign extended past its prime."<ref name="rts6">{{Cite web |title=The Crown: Season 6 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_crown/s06 |access-date=19 November 2023 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |language=en}}</ref> On Metacritic, the season holds a score of 61 out of 100 based on 29 critics.<ref name="mcs6">{{Cite web |title=The Crown: Season 6 |url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-crown/season-6/ |access-date=17 November 2023 |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |language=en}}</ref> ===Awards and nominations=== {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by The Crown|l1=List of awards and nominations received by ''The Crown''}} The series won twenty-one [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, including [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]] for its fourth season, and seven awards for the cast.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/shows/crown|title=The Crown|website=Television Academy|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807133409/https://www.emmys.com/shows/crown|url-status=live}}</ref> It also won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama]] twice, at the [[74th Golden Globe Awards|74th]] and [[78th Golden Globe Awards|78th]] ceremonies, with additional acting wins for Foy, Colman, Corrin, O'Connor, Anderson, and Debicki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/tv-show/crown|title=Crown, The|website=www.goldenglobes.com|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402103745/https://www.goldenglobes.com/tv-show/crown|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Costume exhibit== Costumes from both ''The Crown'' and ''[[The Queen's Gambit (miniseries)|The Queen's Gambit]]'' were displayed by [[Brooklyn Museum]] as part of its virtual exhibition ''The Queen and the Crown''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hk.asiatatler.com/life/queens-gambit-the-crown-virtual-exhibition |title=Costumes From Netflix's 'The Queen's Gambit' And 'The Crown' Featured At The Brooklyn Museum |website=Tatler Hong Kong |first=Jianne |last=Soriano |date=4 November 2020 |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/queen_and_crown |title=The Queen and The Crown: A Virtual Exhibition of Costumes from 'The Queen's Gambit' and 'The Crown' |website=Brooklyn Museum |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Costumes and props from ''The Crown'' were exhibited at the auctioneers [[Bonhams]] in Mayfair from January to 4 February 2024 ahead of a live sale on 7 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/stories/37329/ |title=The Crown at Bonhams | Exhibition, Auction Highlights, News & More }}</ref> == Potential prequel series == In April 2022, it was reported that Netflix and Left Bank were having preliminary conversations about a [[prequel]].<ref>{{cite news|title='The Crown' Prequel: Netflix And Left Bank In Early-Stage Conversations|url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/the-crown-prequel-netflix-and-left-bank-in-early-stage-conversations-1234997110/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|last=Goldbart|first=Max|date=8 April 2022|access-date=11 April 2022 }}</ref> It is believed that the series will span a period of nearly 50 years, starting with the [[death of Queen Victoria]] in 1901 and ending around the [[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|wedding of Princess Elizabeth]] in 1947. The series will also reportedly cover the reigns of the four kings who reigned during that period: [[Edward VII]], [[George V]], [[Edward VIII]], and [[George VI]].<ref>{{cite news|title=A Sumptuous Prequel to The Crown May Be On the Horizon|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/prequel-to-the-crown-may-be-on-the-horizon|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|last=Maitland|first=Hayley|date=9 April 2022|access-date=14 April 2022 }}</ref> ==See also== *[[British royal family]] *[[The Crown]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{wikiquote}} *{{Netflix title}} *[https://www.netflix.com/tudum/the-crown-timeline ''The Crown'' Timeline] on Netflix *{{IMDb title}} *{{Epguides|Crown}} *{{Instagram|thecrownnetflix}} *{{Twitter|thecrownnetflix}} *{{Metacritic television|title=The Crown}} *{{Rotten Tomatoes TV|the_crown|The Crown}} *{{cite web|url=http://guru.bafta.org/the-crown-masterclass |website=BAFTA Guru|title= The Crown: Masterclass|date= 28 February 2018}} {{The Crown (TV series)}} {{Navboxes |title = [[List of awards and nominations received by The Crown|Awards for ''The Crown'']] |list = {{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series}} {{EmmyAward DramaSeries}} {{GoldenGlobeTVDrama}} {{Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama}} {{Satellite Award Best Drama Television Series}} {{ScreenActorsGuildAwards EnsembleTVDrama 2010–2019}} {{TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama}} {{Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Dramatic Series}} }} {{Elizabeth II}} {{Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother}} {{Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}} {{Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon}} {{Charles III}} {{Diana, Princess of Wales}} {{Queen Camilla}} {{Peter Morgan}} {{Netflix original ended series (2012–2018)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Crown (TV series), The}} [[Category:The Crown (TV series)| ]] [[Category:2016 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2016 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2023 American television series endings]] [[Category:2023 British television series endings]] [[Category:2010s American drama television series]] [[Category:2010s British drama television series]] [[Category:2020s American drama television series]] [[Category:2020s British drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Best Drama Series Golden Globe winners]] [[Category:British historical television series]] [[Category:British political drama television series]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of the British Royal Family]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Buzz Aldrin]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Neil Armstrong]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of John Birt]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Tony Blair]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Queen Camilla]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Catherine, Princess of Wales]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Charles III]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Winston Churchill]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Michael Collins (astronaut)]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Diana, Princess of Wales]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Anthony Eden]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson]] [[Category:Depictions of Elizabeth II on television]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of George VI]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Edward Heath]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Lyndon B. Johnson]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Harold Macmillan]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of John Major]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Mary of Teck]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Gamal Abdel Nasser]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of John Profumo]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of William, Prince of Wales]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of Harold Wilson]] [[Category:Netflix original programming]] [[Category:Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series winners]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Award-winning television series]] [[Category:Television controversies in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Television series based on actual events]] [[Category:Television series by Left Bank Pictures]] [[Category:Television series by Sony Pictures Television]] [[Category:Television shows filmed in South Africa]] [[Category:Television shows filmed in Spain]] [[Category:Television shows filmed in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Television shows scored by Hans Zimmer]] [[Category:Television shows shot at Elstree Film Studios]] [[Category:Television shows written by Peter Morgan]] [[Category:Television shows shot in Liverpool]] [[Category:Television series about royalty]] [[Category:American historical television series]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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