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Do not fill this in! {{Short description|Capital city of California, United States}} {{Redirect|Sacramento}} {{Pp-move}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Sacramento | short_description = State capital and city of California, United States | settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital city]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Sacramento Skyline (cropped).jpg | alt1 = City skyline and the waterfront | caption1 = [[Downtown Sacramento]] and the [[Sacramento River]] | image2 = Sacramento,-California---State-Capitol (cropped).jpg | alt2 = California State Capitol | caption2 = [[California State Capitol]] | image3 = Crocker Art Museum 10 (cropped).jpg | alt3 = Crocker Art Museum | caption3 = [[Crocker Art Museum]] | image4 = Old Sacramento, Sacramento, California.jpg | alt4 = Old Sacramento | caption4 = [[Old Sacramento]] | image5 = West Sacramento, CA, USA - panoramio (cropped).jpg | alt5 = Tower Bridge and the Sacramento Riverfront | caption5 = [[Tower Bridge (Sacramento, California)|Tower Bridge]] | image6 = Stanleymosklibraryandcourtsbldg (cropped).jpg | alt6 = California Supreme Court | caption6 = [[California Supreme Court]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Sacramento, California.svg | image_seal = Seal of Sacramento, California.png | nickname = [[List of city nicknames in California|"Sactown", "Sac", "City of Trees", "River City", "Camellia City"]] | motto = {{Langnf|la|Urbs Indomita|Indomitable City|break=yes}} | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|frame-height=280|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|38|33|30|N|121|29|10|W}}###{{coord|qid=Q108131}}###{{coord|qid=Q99}}###{{coord|qid=Q30}}|zoom=SWITCH:10;8;5;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;shape;shape;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#5f5f5f|id2=SWITCH:Q18013;Q108131;Q99;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#5f5f5f|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1;1|switch=Sacramento;Sacramento County;California;the United States}} | coordinates = {{Coord|38|34|54|N|121|29|40|W|region:US-CA_type:city(525,000)|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}} | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento]]<hr/> | subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of California|Region]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Sacramento Valley]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Combined Statistical Area|CSA]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Sacramento metropolitan area|Sacramento-Roseville]] | subdivision_type5 = [[Metropolitan statistical area|MSA]] | subdivision_name5 = Sacramento–Roseville–Arden-Arcade <!-- History -------------->| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] | established_date = February 27, 1850<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |format=Word |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s |access-date=August 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archive-date=February 21, 2013 }}</ref> | established_title2 = [[Charter city|Chartered]] | established_date2 = 1920<ref>{{cite web | url = http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/City-Hall | title = City Hall | publisher = City of Sacramento | access-date = February 23, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150221182500/http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/City-Hall | archive-date = February 21, 2015 }}</ref> | named_for = [[Eucharist|Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist]] | government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–Manager]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/City-Hall|title=City Hall|publisher=City of Sacramento|access-date=February 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221182500/http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/City-Hall|archive-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> | governing_body = [[Sacramento City Council]] | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Sacramento, California|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Darrell Steinberg]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<ref name=cc>{{cite web | url = http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/Mayor-Council | publisher = City of Sacramento | access-date = December 14, 2014 | title = Mayor & Council | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141216184148/http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/mayor-council | archive-date = December 16, 2014 }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]] | leader_name1 = Eric Guerra ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | leader_title2 = [[Mayor Pro Tem]] | leader_name2 = Mai Vang ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | leader_title3 = [[Sacramento City Council|City Council]]<ref name=cc /> | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list | title = Council Members | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = Lisa Kaplan ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 2 = Vacant | 3 = Karina Talamantes ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 4 = Katie Valenzuela ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 5 = Caity Maple ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 6 = Eric Guerra ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 7 = Rick Jennings II ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) | 8 = Mai Vang ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) }} | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref> | total_type = City | area_total_sq_mi = 99.77 | area_land_sq_mi = 97.68 | area_water_sq_mi = 2.09 | area_water_percent = 2.19 | area_total_km2 = 258.41 | area_land_km2 = 253.00 | area_water_km2 = 5.41 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS">{{Cite GNIS|1659564|Sacramento|access-date=January 28, 2013}}</ref> | elevation_ft = 26 <!-- Population ----------->| population_total = 524943 | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Sacramento city, California |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sacramentocitycalifornia/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref> | population_rank = [[List of United States cities by population|35th]] in the United States<br />[[List of largest cities in California by population|6th]] in California | population_density_sq_mi = 5374.11 | population_density_km2 = 2074.87 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref> | population_metro = 2397382 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|US: 26th]]) | population_urban = 1,946,618 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 25th]]) | population_density_urban_km2 = 1,607.4 | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 4,163.2 | population_demonym = Sacramentan | timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] | utc_offset = −08:00 | timezone_DST = [[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −07:00 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = 94203–94209, 94211, 94229–94230, 94232, 94234–94237, 94239–94240, 94244–94245, 94247–94250, 94252, 94254, 94256–94259, 94261–94263, 94267–94269, 94271, 94273–94274, 94277–94280, 94282–94285, 94287–94291, 94293–94299, 95811–95838, 95840–95843, 95851–95853, 95860, 95864–95867, 95894, 95899 | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | area_code = [[Area codes 916 and 279|916 and 279]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS]] code | blank_info = {{FIPS|06|64000}} | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs | blank1_info = {{GNIS4|1659564}}, {{GNIS 4|2411751}} | website = {{URL|https://cityofsacramento.gov}} }} {{Langnf|es|'''Sacramento'''|italic=no|[[sacrament]]|paren=yes}} ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|æ|k|r|ə|ˈ|m|ɛ|n|t|oʊ}} {{respell|SAK|rə|MEN|toh}}; {{IPA-es|sakɾaˈmento|lang}}) is the [[List of capitals in the United States|capital city]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento County]]. Located at the [[confluence]] of the [[Sacramento River|Sacramento]] and [[American River]]s in [[Northern California]]'s [[Sacramento Valley]], Sacramento's 2020 population of 524,943<ref name="QuickFacts" /> makes it the fourth-most populous city in [[Northern California]], [[List of largest California cities by population|sixth-most populous city in the state]], and the [[List of United States cities by population|ninth-most populous state capital in the United States]].<ref>State of California, Department of Finance, E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State with Annual percent change – January 1, 2016, and 2017. Sacramento, California, May 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 50 U.S. Cities by Population and Rank |url=http://www.infoplease.com |publisher=Infoplease |access-date=June 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629021827/http://www.infoplease.com/ |archive-date=June 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sacramento is the seat of the [[California Legislature]] and the [[Governor of California]]. Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the [[Sacramento metropolitan area|Greater Sacramento area]], which at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] had a population of 2,680,831,<ref name="2020Pop" /> the fourth-largest [[Statistical area (United States)|metropolitan area]] in California.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2017_PEPANNRES&prodType=table |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214061255/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2017_PEPANNRES&prodType=table |archive-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref> Before the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|arrival of the Spanish]], the area was inhabited by the [[Nisenan]], [[Maidu]], and other [[indigenous peoples of California]]. In 1808, Spanish cavalryman [[Gabriel Moraga]] surveyed and named the ''Río del Santísimo Sacramento'' ([[Sacramento River]]), after the [[Blessed Sacrament]]. In 1839, [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]], [[List of Governors of California before 1850|Mexican governor]] of [[Alta California]], granted the responsibility of colonizing the [[Sacramento Valley]] to [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-born Mexican citizen [[John Sutter|John Augustus Sutter]], who subsequently established [[Sutter's Fort]] and the settlement at the ''Rancho [[New Helvetia|Nueva Helvetia]].'' Following the American [[Conquest of California]] and the 1848 [[Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo]], the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. In 1852, the city offered its county courthouse to the state of California to house the state legislature, resulting in the city becoming the permanent state capital in 1854 and ushering in the construction of a new state capitol building which was finished in 1874.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ktla.com/news/when-and-how-did-sacramento-become-californias-capital-city/ |title=When and how did Sacramento become California's capital? |last=Martinez |first=Jeremiah |date=September 18, 2022 |website=KTLA 5 |access-date=June 27, 2023}}</ref> Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Caraccio|first1=David|title=Sacramento is fastest growing big city in California|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article148080179.html|newspaper=The Sacramento Bee|access-date=May 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502214127/http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article148080179.html|archive-date=May 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> owing to its status as a notable political center on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] and as a major educational hub, home of [[California State University, Sacramento]] and [[University of California, Davis|UC Davis]]. Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California [[healthcare industry]], as the seat of [[Sutter Health]], the world-renowned [[UC Davis Medical Center]], and the [[UC Davis School of Medicine]]. In 2013, the Sacramento Convention and Visitors Bureau stated that the city receives 15.3 million visitors per year,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitsacramento.com/blog/stories/post/why-does-tourism-matter-in-sacramento/ |title=Why does Tourism Matter in Sacramento? |last=Darnell |first=Brandon |date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=Visit Sacramento |access-date=June 27, 2023}}</ref> and is home to [[the California Museum]], [[Crocker Art Museum]], [[California State Railroad Museum]], [[California State Capitol Museum]], [[Sacramento Convention Center Complex|the Sacramento Convention Center]], and [[Old Sacramento State Historic Park]]. It is also a [[Global City|global city]], designated at the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|Gamma − level]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html |publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref> == History == {{Main|History of Sacramento, California}} {{For timeline}} === Pre-Columbian period === <!--If we could talk about this heading instead or re-editing that would be great. Please see talk page. --> [[Nisenan]] (Southern [[Maidu]]), [[Modoc people|Modoc]], and [[Plains Miwok]] American Indians have lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Until the settlers arrived who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these tribes left little evidence of their existence. Their diet was dominated by [[acorn]]s taken from the plentiful oak trees in the region and by fruits, bulbs, seeds, and roots gathered throughout the year. === Spanish period === In 1808, the Spanish explorer [[Gabriel Moraga]] encountered and named the [[Sacramento Valley]] and the Sacramento River. A Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cathedralsacramento.org/ |title=Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament – Sacramento, California |publisher=Cathedralsacramento.org |date=November 11, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116093832/http://www.cathedralsacramento.org/ |archive-date=November 16, 2012}}</ref> <blockquote> Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths. The air was like [[champagne]], and (''the Spaniards)'' drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. "¡Es como el sagrado sacramento! (It's like the Blessed Sacrament.)" </blockquote> The valley and the river were then christened after the "Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ," referring to the Catholic [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|sacrament]] of the [[Eucharist in the Catholic Church|Eucharist]]. === Mexican period === [[File:Sutterfort (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|In 1839, [[John Augustus Sutter]] established [[Sutter's Fort]], which he called [[New Helvetia|Nueva Helvetia]]. In 1841, he was officially granted the land by Governor [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]].]] [[John Sutter|John Sutter Sr.]] first arrived in the area on August 13, 1839, at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of {{convert|50,000|acre|ha}}. The next year, he and his party established Sutter's Fort, a massive adobe structure with walls {{convert|18|ft|m}} high and {{convert|3|ft|m|spell=in}} thick.<ref name="legendsofamerica.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ca-oldsacramento.html|title=Old Sacramento, California – Walking on History|publisher=Legends of America|access-date=October 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525050816/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ca-oldsacramento.html|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Representing Mexico, Sutter Sr. called his colony New [[Helvetia]], a Swiss-inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west. Within just a few short years, Sutter Sr. had become a grand success, owning a {{convert|10|acre|ha|adj=on}} orchard and a herd of 13,000 cattle. Fort Sutter became a regular stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter Sr. received 2,000 fruit trees, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. Later that year, Sutter Sr. hired James Marshall to build a [[sawmill]] so he could continue to expand his empire,<ref name="legendsofamerica.com" /> but unbeknownst to many, Sutter Sr.'s "empire" had been built on thin margins of credit.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/johnsutterlifeon00hurt/page/83 <!-- quote=his father's loose business habits. --> John Sutter: A Life on the North American Frontier] By Albert L. Hurtado. University of Oklahoma Press, 2006. p. 236. Retrieved September 10, 2017.</ref> === American period === [[File:Sacramento california 1849.jpg|thumb|left|Sacramento in 1849, when the city was an economic center of the [[California Gold Rush]]]] In 1848, when [[James W. Marshall]] discovered gold at [[Sutters Mill|Sutter's Mill]] in [[Coloma, California|Coloma]] (some {{convert|50|mi|km|1|abbr=on|disp=or}} northeast of the fort), numerous gold-seekers came to the area, increasing the population. In August 1848, Sutter Sr.'s son, [[John Augustus Sutter Jr.|John Sutter Jr.]], arrived to assist his father in reducing his [[debt]]. The Sutters struggled to contain the effects of thousands of new gold miners and prospectors in the area, many of whom squatted on unwatched portions of the vast Sutter lands or stole various unattended Sutter properties or belongings. For Sutter, his employee's discovery of gold in the area turned out to be a bane. By December 1848, John Sutter Jr., in association with [[Samuel Brannan]], began laying out the City of Sacramento, {{convert|2|mi|km}} south of his father's settlement of New Helvetia. This venture was undertaken against the wishes of Sutter Sr., but the father, being deeply in debt, was unable to stop it. For commercial reasons, the new city was named "Sacramento City" after the [[Sacramento River]]. Sutter Jr. and Brannan had [[United States Army]] Captain [[William H. Warner]] assigned to draft the official layout of the city, which included 26 lettered and 31 numbered streets (today's grid from C St. to Broadway and from Front St. to Alhambra Blvd.) Relations between Sutter and his son became embittered after Sacramento became an overnight commercial success. (Sutter's Fort, Mill, and the town of [[Sutterville, California|Sutterville]], all founded by John Sutter Sr., eventually failed). [[File:Sacramento, CA USA - panoramio (10).jpg|thumb|[[Old Sacramento State Historic Park|Old Sacramento]], the oldest quarter of the city, grew up along the [[Sacramento River]] in the mid-1800s.]] Residents of Sacramento adopted a [[Municipal charter|city charter]] in 1849, which was recognized by the state legislature in 1850. Sacramento is the oldest [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] city in California, incorporated on February 27, 1850.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/about_the_city.htm |title=About the City of Sacramento |publisher=City of Sacramento |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-date=November 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123091648/http://www.cityofsacramento.org/about_the_city.htm}}</ref> On January 10, 1850, a flood occurred that devastated the city. The rushing waters uprooted homes and drowned livestock. The city was almost destroyed. Due to the efforts of [[Hardin Bigelow]], Sacramento's first elected mayor, the construction of the city's first levee was completed in early 1852 (the city became known as "The Levee City"). However, a month after it was completed, it was breached during the first major storm of the season and the city flooded again. A new levee was built for $50,000, but it also broke, causing more flooding of the city.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Solomon |first1=Samantha |title=When Sacramento became 'Levee City' {{!}} Marking the 170-year anniversary of the flood that started it all |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/history/when-sacramento-became-levee-city/103-48d5063b-ad48-4b32-9709-c7ca4fe8ea79 |website=abc10 |date=January 10, 2020 |publisher=KXTV-TV |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> Between October and December 1850, Sacramento was hit with a cholera epidemic that killed 1,000 residents, including Mayor Bigelow and 17 of the city's 40 physicians. Up to 80 percent of the populace left town.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gibbons |first1=H. |title=The Cholera in California in 1850 |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DAC18651009.2.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |website=UCR California Digital Newspaper Collection |publisher=DL Consulting |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The 17 Doctors of the 1850 Sacramento Cholera Epidemic |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=12485 |website= The Historical Marker Database |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> On November 2, 1852, a fire known as the Great Conflagration burned more than 80 percent of the structures in the city. It is estimated that the total damage was around six million dollars. Within a month 761 structures were re-built, many of them in brick.<ref>{{cite web |title=This Day in History, November |url=http://sachistorymuseum.org/field-trips/fun-facts/ |website=Sacramento history Museum |date=February 23, 2015 |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> In spite of all these hardships the new city's location just downstream from the [[Mother Lode]] in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] proved irresistible, and it grew rapidly during the early 1850s, attracting a population of 10,000. The [[Great Flood of 1862]] from December 1861 to January 1862 caused the worst flooding in Sacramento's history. In 1861, Governor [[Leland Stanford]], who was inaugurated in early January 1862, traveled to his inauguration in a rowboat. [[File:'Sacramento Railroad Station' by William Hahn.JPG|thumb|left|An 1874 depiction of a Sacramento railway station by painter [[William Hahn]]]] The [[California State Legislature]], with the support of Governor [[John Bigler]], moved to Sacramento in 1854. The capital of California under Spanish (and, subsequently, Mexican) rule had been [[Monterey, California|Monterey]], where, in 1849, the first [[Constitutional Convention (California)|Constitutional Convention]] and state elections were held. The convention decided [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] would be the new state's capital. After 1850, when California's statehood was ratified, the legislature met in San Jose until 1851, [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]] in 1852, and [[Benicia, California|Benicia]] in 1853, before moving to Sacramento. During the 1850s the city was [[Consolidated city-county|consolidated with]] the County of Sacramento.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=P_sBAAAAYAAJ&num=9 ''The California State register and year book of facts: for the year 1859''], Henry G. Langley and Samuel A. Morison, San Francisco, 1859, p.315</ref> In the [[California Constitutional Conventions|Sacramento Constitutional Convention of 1879]], Sacramento was named the permanent state capital. The [[Classical Revival]]-style [[California State Capitol]], similar to the national Capitol, was started in 1860 and completed in 1874. In 1861, the legislative session was moved to the [[Merchants Exchange Building (San Francisco)|Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco]] for one session because of the massive flooding in Sacramento. From 1862 to 1868, part of the [[Leland Stanford Mansion]] was used for the governor's offices during Stanford's tenure as the Governor; and the legislature met in the Sacramento County Courthouse. The legislative chambers were first occupied in 1869, while construction continued around them. [[File:Construction_of_the_California_Capitol_in_1868.jpg|thumb|The [[California State Capitol]], built between 1860 and 1874, shown here under construction in 1868]] With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered. It was designated as the western terminus of the [[Pony Express]]. Later it became a terminus of the [[First transcontinental railroad]], which began construction in Sacramento in 1863 and was financed by "[[The Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)|The Big Four]]"—[[Mark Hopkins Jr.|Mark Hopkins]], [[Charles Crocker]], [[Collis P. Huntington]], and [[Leland Stanford]]. Both the American and especially Sacramento rivers were key elements in the economic success of the city. Sacramento effectively controlled commerce on these rivers, and public works projects were funded through taxes levied on goods unloaded from boats and loaded onto rail cars in the historic [[Sacramento Railyards|Sacramento Rail Yards]]. From 1862 until the mid-1870s, Sacramento raised the level of its downtown by building reinforced brick walls on its downtown streets and filling the resulting street walls with dirt. The previous first floors of buildings became [[basement]]s, with open space between the street and the building, previously the [[sidewalk]], now at the basement level. Over the years, many of these underground spaces have been filled or destroyed by subsequent development. However, it is still possible to view portions of the "[[Old Sacramento State Historic Park#Old Sacramento Underground|Sacramento Underground]]". === Modern era === {{See also|Urban redevelopment in Sacramento, California}} [[File:Tower Bridge Sacramento edit.jpg|thumb|left|Built in 1935, [[Tower Bridge (California)|Tower Bridge]] connects Sacramento to [[West Sacramento]].]] The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sacbee.com/<!-- Incomplete URL --> |newspaper=[[Sacramento Bee]] |date=September 26, 2009 |title=Status quo for city governance? |access-date=November 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120223741/http://www.sacbee.com/ |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> As a [[charter city]], Sacramento is exempt from many laws and regulations passed by the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]]. The city has expanded continuously over the years. The 1964 merger of the City of [[North Sacramento]] with Sacramento substantially increased its population, and large annexations of the [[Natomas, Sacramento, California|Natomas]] area eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent [[Placer County, California|Placer County]]) is served by a customer-owned electric utility, the [[Sacramento Municipal Utility District]] (SMUD). Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[Sacramento Bee]]|date=September 26, 2012|title=Endorsements: Michael Picker is best pick for SMUD Ward 5|author=Editorial Board|access-date=November 21, 2012 |url=http://www.sacbee.com/2012/09/26/4855122/endorsements-michael-picker-is.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109061646/http://www.sacbee.com/2012/09/26/4855122/endorsements-michael-picker-is.html |archive-date=November 9, 2012}}</ref> In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, a judge ordered [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company|Pacific Gas & Electric]] to transfer the title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD. Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S. and is a leader in innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as [[solar energy|solar power]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hydrorelicensing.smud.org/public/pub_com.htm |title=UARP Relicensing Public Participation Community Oriented Utility |publisher=SMUD |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208105239/http://hydrorelicensing.smud.org/public/pub_com.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: [[Standard Oil]] executive Verne McGeorge established [[McGeorge School of Law]], American [[department store]] [[Weinstock & Lubin]] opened a new store at 12th and K street, the US$2 million [[Senator Hotel]] was opened, Sacramento's drinking water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer Georgie Lee fought [[Francisco Guilledo]], a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] professional [[Boxing|boxer]] known as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21.<ref name="Prohibition">{{cite news|page=27 |newspaper=[[Sacramento Bee]] |date=July 30, 1989|title=1920s A Wet Prohibition, A City of North Sac, The First Woman Mayor |first=Don |last=Stanle}}</ref> [[File:Sacramento DSC 0063 (5673641314) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Elks Tower]] was built in 1926 in an [[Italianate architecture|Italianate style]].]] Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the Walerga Assembly Center) was established to house Japanese Americans [[Internment of Japanese Americans|forcibly "evacuated" from the West Coast]] under [[Executive Order 9066]]. The camp was one of fifteen temporary detention facilities where over 110,000 [[Japanese Americans]], two-thirds of them U.S. citizens, were held while construction on the more permanent [[War Relocation Authority]] camps was completed. The assembly center was built on the site of a former migrant labor camp, and inmates began arriving from Sacramento and San Joaquin Counties on May 6, 1942. It closed after only 52 days, on June 26, and the population of 4,739 was transferred to the [[Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument|Tule Lake]] concentration camp. The site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as [[Camp Kohler]]. After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed by a fire in December 1947, and the assembly center site is now part of the Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Sacramento%20%28detention%20facility%29/ |title=Sacramento (detention facility) |publisher=Densho Encyclopedia |access-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810173504/http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Sacramento%20%28detention%20facility%29/ |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and the ground was broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949. [[File:Ford rushed from Sacramento assassination attempt image A6320-24A.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Gerald Ford assassination attempt in Sacramento|1975 assassination attempt]] of President [[Gerald Ford]] in [[Capitol Park (Sacramento, California)|Capitol Park]]]] On June 29, 1963, with 5,000 spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel ''Taipei Victory'' arrived.<ref>{{cite book|last=Avella|first=Steven M.|title=Sacramento: Indomitable City|year=2003|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-2444-3|page=124}}</ref> The [[Nationalist Chinese]] flagship docked at the [[Port of Sacramento]], being the first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since the steamship ''Harpoon'' in 1934. In 1967, [[Ronald Reagan]] became the last [[Governor of California]] to live permanently in the city. The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases: [[McClellan Air Force Base]], [[Mather Air Force Base]], and Sacramento Army Depot. In 1980, there was another flood. Despite military base closures and the decline of agricultural food processing, Sacramento has continued to experience population growth in recent years. Primary sources of population growth are an influx of residents from the nearby [[San Francisco Bay Area]], as well as immigration from Asia and Latin America. In 1985, Hugh Scrutton, a 38-year-old Sacramento, California, computer store owner, was killed by a nail-and-splinter-loaded bomb placed in the parking lot of his store. In 1996, his death was attributed to the Unabomber, [[Theodore Kaczynski]]. After acquiring the majority stake in the [[Sacramento Kings]], the team's new owner, [[Vivek Ranadivé]], with the help of the city, agreed to build a new arena in the downtown area. With a final estimated cost of $558.2 million, Sacramento's [[Golden 1 Center]] opened on September 30, 2016. == Geography == According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city covers {{convert|100.1|sqmi|km2}}. 97.81% of it is land, and 2.19% of it is water. Depth to groundwater is typically about {{convert|30|ft|m|0}}. Much of the land to the west of the city (in [[Yolo County, California|Yolo County]]) is permanently reserved for a vast flood control basin (the [[Yolo Bypass]]), due to the city's historical vulnerability to floods. As a result, the contiguous urban area sprawls only {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}} west of downtown (as [[West Sacramento, California]]) but {{convert|30|mi|km}} northeast and east, into the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills, and {{convert|10|mi|km}} to the south into valley farmland. The city is at the confluence of the [[Sacramento River]] and the [[American River]] and has a deep-water port connected to the [[San Francisco Bay]] by a channel through the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]]. It is the shipping and rail center for the [[Sacramento Valley]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Sacramento Vacation Information {{!}} Hotels, Restaurants, Events, and Things to Do|url = http://www.visitsacramento.com/|publisher = Visit Sacramento|access-date = November 16, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151109180143/http://www.visitsacramento.com/|archive-date = November 9, 2015|url-status = live}}</ref> ===Trees=== [[File:Sacramento International Airport 5.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Central Sacramento and the [[Sacramento River]]]]Sacramento has long been known as the "City of Trees" owing to its abundant [[urban forest]]. The city has more trees per capita than anywhere else in the world.<ref name=NPR>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5027514#:~:text=Transcript-,Sacramento%2C%20Calif.%2C%20claims%20more%20trees%20per%20capita%20than%20any,a%20calming%20effect%20on%20drivers.| title='City of Trees' or 'America's Farm-to-Fork Capital'? Water tower uproar reflects Sacramento's changing identity|first=Walter|last= Ko|date= April 24, 2017|website=[[The Sacramento Bee]]}}</ref> The first recorded use of the term was in 1855, and it was popular by the early 20th century. It was not always so: it was at first called the "City of Plains" because of the lack of trees, but soon afterward there were [[populus|cottonwood]] trees planted, and [[eucalyptus]] varieties were imported to dry out [[swamp]]land. Later, [[locust tree]]s, and [[willow]]s were planted along streets, then [[elm]]s, then [[palm tree]]s, then [[fruit tree]]s in the late 1910s.<ref name=trees2018/> It was the first US city to be designated a City of Trees by the [[Arbor Day Foundation]] in 1978.<ref name=bee2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article146038264.html| title='City of Trees' or 'America's Farm-to-Fork Capital'? Water tower uproar reflects Sacramento's changing identity|first=Walter|last= Ko|date= April 24, 2017|website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> In the early 21st century, the tree cover is well above that of the average tree cover of other major cities in the United States and the rest of the world, with the main species being the [[London plane]]. Other species are being introduced to increase diversity and to help cope with the effects of [[climate change]] on vegetation in the future.<ref name=trees2018>{{cite web | last=White | first=Randol | title=How Did Sacramento Get So Many Trees? | website=capradio.org | date=December 20, 2018 | url=https://www.capradio.org/127934 | access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref> [[Treepedia]], a project run by [[MIT]] using [[Google Maps]]' street-view data to calculate tree coverage in cities, ranked Sacramento the greenest city of 15 studied in the US, and third globally, after [[Vancouver]] and [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Treepedia study confirms Sacramento as City of Trees | website=Sactown Magazine | date=January 25, 2017 | url=https://www.sactownmag.com/made-in-the-shade/ | access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref> A prominent [[water tower]] bore the slogan "City of Trees" until 2017 when it was repainted with the words "America's Farm-to-Fork Capital" (referring to the [[farm-to-fork]] movement, which promotes the consumption of locally-grown food). After 4,000 displeased citizens signed a petition protesting the change, officials agreed to include both slogans on the water tower.<ref>{{cite web | last=McPhate | first=Mike | title=Sacramento, California's 'City of Trees' | website=Medium | date=February 2, 2018 | url=https://medium.californiasun.co/sacramento-city-of-trees-207ed2a7e05a | access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref> === Cityscape === {{wide image|Sacramento Skyline (cropped).jpg|900px|Panoramic view of downtown Sacramento from [[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]]|align-cap=center}} ==== City neighborhoods ==== [[File:Sacramento , California (33994662274).jpg|thumb|right|[[Downtown Sacramento]] is the home of numerous corporate regional headquarters.]] The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas: * Area One: [[Alkali Flat Historic District|Alkali Flat]], [[Boulevard Park, Sacramento, California|Boulevard Park]], Campus Commons, [[California State University, Sacramento|Sacramento State]], Dos Rios Triangle, Downtown, East Sacramento, Mansion Flats, Marshall School, [[Midtown Sacramento|Midtown]], [[New Era Park, Sacramento, California|New Era Park]], McKinley Village, [[#Newton Booth Historic District|Newton Booth]], [[Old Sacramento State Historic Park|Old Sacramento]], [[#Poverty Ridge Historic District|Poverty Ridge]], Richards, Richmond Grove, River Park, Elmhurst, Sierra Oaks, [[Southside Park, Sacramento, California|Southside Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/gis/documents/Council_Dist1_E.pdf|title=Area 1|publisher=City of Sacramento|access-date=March 29, 2018}}{{dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> * Area Two: Airport, Carleton Tract, Freeport Manor, Golf Course Terrace, [[Pocket-Greenhaven, Sacramento, California|Greenhaven]], Curtis Park, Hollywood Park, [[Land Park, Sacramento, California|Land Park]], Little Pocket, Mangan Park, [[Meadowview, Sacramento, California|Meadowview]], Parkway, [[Pocket-Greenhaven, Sacramento, California|Pocket]], [[Sacramento City College]], [[Land Park, Sacramento, California#South Land Park|South Land Park]], Valley Hi / North Laguna, Z'Berg Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926214759/http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=2|title=Area 2|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> * Area Three: Alhambra Triangle, Avondale, Brentwood, Carleton Tract, [[Colonial Heights, Sacramento, California|Colonial Heights]], Colonial Manor, [[Curtis Park, Sacramento, California|Curtis Park]], [[Elmhurst, Sacramento, California|Elmhurst]], Fairgrounds, [[Florin, California|Florin]], Fruitridge Manor, Glen Elder, Glenbrook, Granite Regional Park, Industrial Park, Lawrence Park, Med Center, North City Farms, [[Oak Park, Sacramento, California|Oak Park]], [[Packard Bell]], South City Farms, [[Southeast Village]], [[Tahoe Park, Sacramento, California|Tahoe Park]], [[Tahoe Park, Sacramento, California#Tahoe Park East|Tahoe Park East]], [[Tahoe Park South]], Tallac Village, Vintage Park, Churchill Downs, and Woodbine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926214836/http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=3|title=Area 3|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> * Area Four: [[Ben Ali, Sacramento, California|Ben Ali]], [[Del Paso Heights, Sacramento, California|Del Paso Heights]], Gardenland, Hagginwood, McClellan Heights West, [[Natomas, Sacramento, California|Natomas]] (north, south, west), [[North Sacramento]], Northgate, [[Robla, Sacramento, California|Robla]], Swanston Estates, Terrace Manor, [[Valley View Acres, Sacramento, California|Valley View Acres]], and Woodlake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926214846/http://www.cityofsacramento.org/ns/nadb/nad.cfm?areaid=4|title=Area 4|archive-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> [[File:Sacramento Riverfront.jpg|thumb|[[Old Sacramento]] and [[Downtown Sacramento|Downtown]] are seen from the [[Sacramento River]].]] Additional prominent regions and neighborhoods in the region include American River Parkway, Arden-Arcade, Arden Fair, Cal Expo, Capital Avenue, Coffing, College Glen, College Greens, Cordova, Creekside, East Fruitridge, Elder Creek, Elkhorn, Elvas, Erikson Industrial Park, Excelsior Sunrise, Foothill Farms, Franklin, Frates Ranch, Gateway Center, Gateway West, Glenwood Meadows, Hansen Park, Heritage Park, Johnson Business Park, Johnson Heights, Mayhew, Metro Center, Mills, Natomas Corporate Center, Natomas Creek, Natomas Crossing, Natomas Park, Newton Booth, Noralto, Northpointe, Norwood, Oak Knoll, Old North Sacramento, Parker Homes, Point West, Raley Industrial Park, Regency Park, Richardson Village, Richmond Grove, Rosemont, Sierra Oaks, Sports Complex, Strawberry Manor, Sundance Lake, Swanston Palms, Town and Country Village, Upper Land Park, Village 5, Village 7, Village 12, Village 14, Village Green, Walerga, Walsh Station, West Del Paso Heights, Westlake, Willowcreek, Wills Acres, Winn Park, Woodside, and Youngs Heights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsacramento.org/gis/documents/Neighborhoods_E.pdf |title=City of Sacramento: Neighborhoods |publisher=City of Sacramento |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028214914/http://www.cityofsacramento.org/gis/documents/Neighborhoods_E.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horizonproperties.com/communities.html |title=Community info: neighborhoods, schools, homes for rent, property management |publisher=Horizon Properties |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129061653/http://www.horizonproperties.com/communities.html |archive-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> ==== Notable areas ==== =====Capitol Mall===== Capitol Mall connects West Sacramento and Downtown Sacramento. Some notable landmarks on this road include the Tower Bridge, Old Sacramento, and the California State Capitol Building. Capitol Mall is considered to be the business district of the city. Skyscrapers such as the [[Wells Fargo Center (Sacramento)|Wells Fargo Center]] and [[U.S. Bank Tower (Sacramento)|U.S. Bank Tower]], two of the tallest buildings in the city, are located on Capitol Mall and are home to several major companies. The street is also home to major festivals such as the annual Farm to Fork Festival. =====Downtown Commons===== One of the newest districts in the city is [[Downtown Commons]]. Formerly home to the Downtown Plaza shopping mall, the district opened in 2016 along with the [[Golden 1 Center]]. Downtown Commons, otherwise known as DOCO, is home to the Sawyer, a 16-story skyscraper with a 250-room hotel and 45 condominiums, a Macy's anchor store, an IMAX theater, and retail space with a variety of restaurants and shops.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/doco-announces-variety-of-new-shops-eateries-and-more/103-56edb69a-be36-456e-9ee1-f4c04a60997f |title=Toys R Us among new shops and restaurants coming to DOCO |last=Pearson |first=Mariah |date=November 8, 2022 |website=ABC10 |access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> =====Downtown Sacramento===== [[File:Sacramento aerial overview.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Sacramento, clearly showing the downtown/midtown grid and surrounding areas]] {{See also|Downtown Sacramento}} Downtown Sacramento is home to the [[Sacramento Convention Center Complex|SAFE Credit Union Convention Center and Theater]], Sacramento City Hall, the [[Sacramento Public Library]], and [[K Street (Sacramento)|K Street]], a historic street home to apartments, retail, and historical buildings. In addition, Downtown Sacramento is home to several hotels including the Citizen Hotel, housed in one of the first skyscrapers built in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2019/09/11/citizen-hotel-sold-for-53-million-records-confirm.html |title=Citizen Hotel sold for $53 million, records confirm |last=Hamann |first=Emily |date=September 11, 2019 |website=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> =====East Sacramento===== {{See also|East Sacramento}} East Sacramento is a neighborhood in between Midtown and Sacramento State. This neighborhood is well known for being home to McKinley Park and Rose Garden and the Fabulous Forties, home to some of the most expensive, largest, and architecturally unique homes in the city. East Sacramento was home to [[Ronald Reagan]] during his term as Governor of California and this neighborhood was prominently featured in Greta Gerwig's film [[Lady Bird (film)|Lady Bird]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/news/lady-bird-movie-locations-sacramento|title=Check out hit movie Lady Bird's key locations in Sacramento |last=Smith |first=Andres |date=December 12, 2017 |website=Lonely Planet |access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> =====Historic Chinatown===== The [[Opium Wars]] of the 1840s and 1850s, along with the Gold Rush, brought many Chinese people to California. Most arrived at San Francisco, which was then the largest city in California and known as "Daai Fau" ({{zh|c=大埠|j=daai<sup>6</sup> fau<sup>6</sup>|cy=Daaihfauh}}). Some eventually came to Sacramento, then the second-largest city in California and consequently called "Yee Fow" ({{zh|links=no|c=二埠 |j=ji<sup>6</sup> fau<sup>6</sup>}}). Today the city is known as "{{lang|zh-Hans|萨克拉门托}}" ({{zh|p=Sàkèlāméntuō}}) by mainland Chinese and as "{{lang|zh-Hant|沙加緬度}}" ''Sāgāmíhndouh'' and ''Shājiāmiǎnduó'' by Cantonese speakers and Taiwanese respectively.[[File:Sacramento Chinatown 溯源堂 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Sacramento's historic Chinatown]]Sacramento's [[Chinatowns in the United States|Chinatown]] was on "I" Street from Second to Sixth Streets, called the [[China Slough]]. At the time, this area of "I" Street was considered a health hazard because, lying within a levee zone, it was lower than other parts of the city, which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such as the [[Chinese Exclusion Act]] that was not repealed until 1943. The mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who resented the Chinese working class.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content?oid=344958 |title=Sacramento's Chinatown – News – Local Stories – June 28, 2007 |work=Sacramento News & Review |date=June 27, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009230841/http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/Content?oid=344958 |archive-date=October 9, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ordinances on what was viable building material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out. Newspapers such as [[The Sacramento Union]] wrote stories at the time that portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination and drive the Chinese away. While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed, a small Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of Sacramento's Chinatown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yeefowmuseum.org/ |title=Friends of the Yee Fow Museum |publisher=Yee Fow Museum |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107131139/http://www.yeefowmuseum.org/ |archive-date=January 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yeefow.com/past/index.html |title=An Evidentiary Timeline on the History of Sacramento's Chinatown |publisher=Yee Fow Museum |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304082409/http://www.yeefow.com/past/index.html |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> =====Newton Booth Historic District===== The Newton Booth Historic District, named for [[Newton Booth]], is located on the southeast corner of Sacramento's original 1848 street grid.<ref name="cityofsacramento.org-Historic-District-Plans/Newton-Booth"> {{cite web |title=Newton Booth Historic District Plan |url=https://www.cityofsacramento.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning/Urban-Design/Preservation/Adopted-Historic-District-Plans/HDP-Newton-Booth.pdf?la=en |website=cityofsacramento.org |publisher=Sacramento, California |access-date=February 7, 2022 |date=May 29, 2020}} </ref><ref name="cityofsacramento-Historic-Register-074"> {{cite web |title=SACRAMENTO REGISTER OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 2.2.20 Newton Booth Historic District |url=https://www.cityofsacramento.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning/Historic-Register/074-Historic-Districts-Newton-Booth.pdf |website=cityofsacramento.org |publisher=Sacramento, California |access-date=February 7, 2022 |date=July 24, 2020}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Newton Booth |url=https://www.newtonbooth.org/newton-booth |website=Newton Booth Neighborhoods Association |access-date=February 7, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207014937/https://www.newtonbooth.org/newton-booth |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sacbee-4484269"> {{cite news |title=This Week: Sacramento's Newton Booth proposed as historic district |url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article4484269.html |access-date=February 7, 2022 |work=sacbee.com |date=December 14, 2014}} </ref> =====Old Sacramento===== [[File:Ebner's Hotel 2011 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The historic [[Ebner's Hotel]], built in 1856, in [[Old Sacramento State Historic Park|Old Sacramento]]]] The oldest part of the town besides [[Sutter's Fort]] is [[Old Sacramento State Historic Park|Old Sacramento]], which consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from the 1850s and 1860s. Buildings have been preserved, restored, or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steam-powered historic trains and horse-drawn carriages. =====Poverty Ridge Historic District===== The Poverty Ridge Historic District is within Sacramento's original 1848 street grid and bounded to the west by 21st Street, to the north by S Street, to the east by 23rd Street, to the south by W Street and U.S. Route 50, and includes the block bounded by 20th Street, 21st Street, S Street, and T Street.<ref name="cityofsacramento.org-Historic-District-Plans/Poverty-Ridge"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty Ridge - Sacramento |url=https://localwiki.org/sac/Poverty_Ridge |website=LocalWiki.org |access-date=February 7, 2022}}</ref><ref name="newtonbooth-poverty-ridge">{{cite web |title=Poverty Ridge |url=https://www.newtonbooth.org/poverty-ridge |website=Newton Booth Neighborhoods Association |access-date=February 7, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207014932/https://www.newtonbooth.org/poverty-ridge |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tour - Poverty Ridge Historic Street Marker Walking Tour |url=https://pocketsights.com/tours/tour/Sacramento-Poverty-Ridge-Historic-Street-Marker-Walking-Tour-3929 |website=PocketSights |access-date=February 7, 2022}}</ref> The Poverty Ridge Historic District was considered to be Sacramento's wealthiest neighborhood from 1868 to 1947.<ref name="cityofsacramento.org-Historic-District-Plans/Poverty-Ridge"> {{cite web |title=Poverty Ridge Historic District Plan |url=https://www.cityofsacramento.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning/Urban-Design/Preservation/Adopted-Historic-District-Plans/Poverty-Ridge-HDP.pdf |website=cityofsacramento.org |publisher=Sacramento, California |access-date=February 7, 2022 |date=June 19, 2020}} </ref><ref name="cityofsacramento-Historic-Register-076"> {{cite web |title=SACRAMENTO REGISTER OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 2.2.25 Poverty Ridge Historic District |url=https://www.cityofsacramento.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/CDD/Planning/Historic-Register/076-Historic-Districts-Poverty-Ridge-Historic-District.pdf |website=cityofsacramento.org |publisher=Sacramento, California |access-date=February 7, 2022 |date=July 24, 2020}} </ref> === Climate === [[File:American River at Sunrise Park, June 1974 (26251615404).jpg|thumb|right|The [[American River]] is popular for [[kayaking]] and [[recreational boating]].]] Sacramento has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csa''), characterized by hot, long, dry summers and cool winters with a decent amount of rainfall. The wet season is generally October through April, though there may be a day or two of light rainfall in June or September. The normal annual mean temperature is {{convert|61.8|°F|1}}, with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from {{convert|47.3|°F|1}} in December to {{convert|75.9|°F|1}} in July.<ref name="NCEI Summary of Monthly Normals - Airport - 1991-2020"/> Summer heat is sometimes moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes through the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] from the [[San Francisco Bay]], and temperatures cool down sharply at night. The foggiest months are December and January. [[Tule fog]] can be extremely dense, lowering visibility to less than {{convert|100|ft|sp=us}} and making driving conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events, temperatures do not exceed {{convert|50|°F|0}}. [[File:Farmers' market Sacramento.jpg|thumb|A [[Farmer's market|market]] at César Chávez Plaza]] Snowfall is rare in Sacramento, which is only {{convert|25|ft|0|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. In the downtown area, only three significant snow accumulations have occurred since 1900, the last one being in 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capradio.org/articles/2011/02/24/forecasters-say-snow-possible-in-sacramento- |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525051541/http://archive2.capradio.org/articles/2011/02/24/forecasters-say-snow-possible-in-sacramento- |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |title=Forecasters Say Snow Possible in Sacramento |publisher=capradio.org |date=February 24, 2011 |access-date=November 16, 2012}}</ref> During especially cold winter and spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall in the city often melts upon ground contact, with traceable amounts occurring in some years. Significant annual snow accumulations occur in the foothills {{convert|40|mi|abbr=on}} east of the city, which had brief and traceable amounts of snowfall in January 2002, December 2009, and February 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0WLTW4tOXM |title=Snow in Sacramento |via=YouTube |date=December 19, 2009 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707174722/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0WLTW4tOXM |archive-date=July 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2011/02/24/arctic-blast-could-bring-dusting-of-snow-to-sacramento-valley-and-several-feet-to-sierra/ "Arctic Blast Could Bring Dusting Of Snow To Sacramento Valley and Several Feet To Sierra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019134754/http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2011/02/24/arctic-blast-could-bring-dusting-of-snow-to-sacramento-valley-and-several-feet-to-sierra/ |date=October 19, 2013}} CBS Sacramento</ref> The greatest snowfall ever recorded in Sacramento was {{convert|3|in|cm|1}} on January 5, 1888. On average, there are 76 days with a high of {{convert|90|°F|0}}+, and 14 days with a high of {{convert|100|°F|0}}+; On the other extreme, there are 8.5 days where the temperature remains below {{convert|50|°F}}, and 15 freezing nights per year. Official temperature extremes range from {{convert|18|°F|1}} on December 22, 1990, to {{convert|116|°F|1}} on September 6, 2022;<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web|url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sto|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date = October 14, 2021}}</ref> a station around {{convert|5|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of the city dipped to {{convert|17|°F|1}} on December 11, 1932.<ref name="WRCC">{{cite web|url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7633 |title = SACRAMENTO 5 ESE, CALIFORNIA |publisher = Western Regional Climate Center |access-date = October 24, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140628160920/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7633 |archive-date = June 28, 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> [[File:Sacramento Skyline (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|View of [[Downtown Sacramento]]]] The average annual precipitation is {{convert|18.14|in|sp=us}}. On average, precipitation falls on 58 days each year in Sacramento, and nearly all of this falls during the winter months. Average January rainfall is {{convert|3.66|in|abbr=on}}, and measurable precipitation is rare during the summer months. In February 1992, Sacramento had 16 consecutive days of rain, resulting in an accumulation of {{convert|6.41|in|abbr=on}} for the period. On rare occasions, monsoonal moisture surges from the Desert Southwest can bring upper-level moisture to the Sacramento region, leading to increased summer cloudiness, humidity, and even light showers and thunderstorms. Monsoon clouds do occur, usually during late June through early September. Sacramento is the second most flood-susceptible city in the United States after New Orleans.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2079360,00.html | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | title=How the West May Flood: Winter's Long, Long Reach | date=June 27, 2011 | access-date=June 27, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630144526/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2079360,00.html | archive-date=June 30, 2011}}</ref> Sacramento has been noted as being the sunniest location on the planet for four months of the year, from May through August. It holds the distinction as the sunniest month, in terms of the percentage of possible sunshine, of anywhere in the world; July in Sacramento averages 14 hours and 12 minutes of sunshine per day, amounting to approximately 98% of possible sunshine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/sunniest-places-countries-world.php |title=Sunniest Places and Countries in the World |publisher=Current Results |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214191635/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/sunniest-places-countries-world.php |archive-date=February 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2010, statewide [[droughts in California]] have further strained Sacramento's [[water security]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://amp.sacbee.com/news/california/water-and-drought/article260869722.html |title=Southern California gets drastic water cutbacks amid drought. What's next for Sacramento? |website=amp.sacbee.com |access-date=May 1, 2022}}</ref> {{Sacramento, California weatherbox}} {{Graph:Weather monthly history | table=ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Sacramento, California.tab | title=Sacramento monthly weather statistics }} == Demographics == {{US Census population |1850= 6820 |1860= 13785 |1870= 16283 |1880= 21420 |1890= 26386 |1900= 29282 |1910= 44696 |1920= 65908 |1930= 93750 |1940= 105958 |1950= 137572 |1960= 191667 |1970= 257105 |1980= 275741 |1990= 369365 |2000= 407018 |2010= 466488 |2020= 524943 |estimate= 528001 |estyear=2022 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts" /> }} In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for ''Time'' magazine named Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City."<ref name=MostDiverseCity-TIME>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,340694,00.html|title=Welcome to America's Most Diverse City|date=August 25, 2002|first=Ron|last=Stodghill|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717234557/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,340694,00.html|archive-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau also groups Sacramento with other U.S. cities having a "high diversity" rating of the [[diversity index]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/atlas/censr01-104.pdf The Geography of U.S. Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116175229/https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/atlas/censr01-104.pdf |date=January 16, 2019}} (PDF). United States Census. Retrieved on June 15, 2007.</ref> Moreover, Sacramento is one of the most well-integrated U.S. cities, having a relatively high level of ethnic and racial heterogeneity within its neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-most-diverse-cities-are-often-the-most-segregated/ |last=Silver |first=Nate |author-link=Nate Silver |title=The Most Diverse Cities Are Often The Most Segregated |date=May 1, 2015 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202045406/http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-most-diverse-cities-are-often-the-most-segregated/ |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Chinese people are the largest Asian ethnic group in Sacramento, followed by Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, Hmong and Japanese.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/5views/5views4b.htm | title=Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (Japanese Americans) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sacbee.com/news/local/article240711401.html|title=Census has stopped field work, but improving outreach to ethnic communities has not|website=The Sacramento Bee}}</ref> [[File:CathBSlow (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament in Sacramento|Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament]], the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento|Diocese of Sacramento]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" |- ! Historical racial composition !! 2020<ref name="census2" />!! 2010<ref name="census2" />!! 1990<ref name="census1" /> !! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1940<ref name="census1" /> |- | [[White American|White]] || 46.3% || 45.0% || 60.1% || 81.5% || 94.2% |- | —Non-Hispanic || 32.4% || 34.5% || 53.4% || 71.4%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a |- | [[African American]] || 13.2% || 14.6% || 15.3% || 10.7% || 1.4% |- | [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 28.9% || 26.9% || 16.2% || 11.0%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a |- | [[Asian American|Asian]] || 18.9% || 18.3% || 15.0% || 6.5% || 4.3% |} ===2020=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Sacramento, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> !Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> !Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Sacramento city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sacramento city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sacramento city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref> !% 2000 !% 2010 !{{partial|% 2020}} |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) |164,974 |161,062 |style='background: #ffffe6; |158,999 |40.53% |34.53% |style='background: #ffffe6; |30.29% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) |61,136 |64,967 |style='background: #ffffe6; |66,012 |15.02% |13.93% |style='background: #ffffe6; |12.58% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) |3,149 |2,586 |style='background: #ffffe6; |2,480 |0.77% |0.55% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.47% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) |66,598 |83,841 |style='background: #ffffe6; |102,200 |16.36% |17.97% |style='background: #ffffe6; |19.47% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) |3,637 |6,392 |style='background: #ffffe6; |8,282 |0.89% |1.37% |style='background: #ffffe6; |1.58% |- |[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH) |1,494 |1,253 |style='background: #ffffe6; |3,517 |0.37% |0.27% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.67% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH) |18,056 |21,111 |style='background: #ffffe6; |32,200 |4.44% |4.53% |style='background: #ffffe6; |6.13% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) |87,974 |125,276 |style='background: #ffffe6; |151,253 |21.61% |26.86% |style='background: #ffffe6; |28.81% |- |'''Total''' |'''407,018''' |'''466,488''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''524,943''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |} === 2010=== The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0664000|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715140422/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0664000|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Sacramento city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported Sacramento had a population of 466,488. The population density was {{convert|4,660.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. <!-- {{convert|4,660.0|/sqmi|/km2}} --> Hispanic or Latino of any race were 138,165 persons (26.9%); 22.6% of [[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Sacramento (5559878519).png|thumb|right|Map of racial distribution in Sacramento, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <span style="color:#f00;">'''White'''</span>, <span style="color:#00f;">'''Black'''</span>, <span style="color:#00ff80">'''Asian'''</span>, <span style="color:#ff8000">'''Hispanic'''</span>, or <span style="color:yellow">'''other'''</span>]]Sacramento's population is of Mexican heritage which amounts to over four-fifths of the city's Hispanic/Latino diaspora, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Nicaraguan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=U.S. Census website |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 27, 2011 |url=https://www.census.gov}}</ref> [[Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 34.5% of the population in 2010,<ref name="census2">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0664000.html |title=Sacramento (city), California |website=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=April 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814085921/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0664000.html |archive-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> down from 71.4% in 1970.<ref name="census1">{{cite web|title=California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> The Census reported 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. The recent{{when|date=April 2020}} housing crash has not impacted these numbers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 27,640 (15.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10,534 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 13,234 (7.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 2,498 (1.4%) [[Domestic partnership in California|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 53,342 households (30.5%) were made up of individuals, and 14,926 (8.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62. There were 103,730 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (59.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.37. [[File:Sacramento, CA — Westminster Presbyterian Church (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Westminster Presbyterian Church (Sacramento, California)|Westminster Presbyterian Church]]]]The age distribution of the city is as follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people (29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,907.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and 88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units. Sacramento has one of the highest [[LGBT]] populations per capita, ranking seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual.<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.com/ABPub/zoom/html/2003432941.html |title=12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=November 15, 2006 |access-date=June 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415172007/http://seattletimes.com/ABPub/zoom/html/2003432941.html |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lavender Heights, Sacramento, California|Lavender Heights]] is the hub for LGBTQ activities in the city{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} and is a centrally located district in [[Midtown Sacramento]] centered within and around K & 20th streets. == Economy == [[File:Californiastatecapitol.jpg|thumb|right|The [[California State Capitol]] is the seat of the [[Government of California]], hosting the [[Governor of California]] and the [[California State Legislature]].]] [[File:Citizen hotel sacramento.jpg|thumb|right|The historic Citizen Hotel in [[Downtown Sacramento]]]] The [[Sacramento metropolitan area]] is the fifth largest in California after the [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]], the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], the [[Inland Empire]], and the [[San Diego metropolitan area]], and is the [[Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|27th largest in the United States]].<ref name="auto"/> Sacramento's economy has historically been dominated by the state and federal government and is currently home to more than 120,000 public sector employees. However, in recent years Sacramento has seen a diversification in its local economy, with gains being made in healthcare,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2022/02/16/construction-aggie-square-april.html |last=Hamann |first=Emily |date=February 16, 2022 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 27, 2023 |title=Construction on UC Davis' Aggie Square to start in April |url-access=subscription}}</ref> manufacturing,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2022/02/01/siemens-mobility-train-factory-expansion-permanent.html |last=Anderson |first=Mark |date=February 1, 2022 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 27, 2023 |title=Siemens Mobility seeks to make train factory expansion permanent |url-access=subscription}}</ref> and technology.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/inno/stories/news/2023/02/07/solidigm-headquarters-rancho-cordova.html |last=Anderson |first=Mark |date=February 7, 2023 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 27, 2023 |title=Chipmaker Solidigm moves headquarters to Rancho Cordova from San Jose |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Adventist Health]], [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]], [[Blue Diamond Growers]], [[Golden 1 Credit Union]], [[Kratos Defense & Security Solutions]], [[Nugget Markets]], Powerschool, [[Raley's Supermarkets]], Solidigm, [[Sutter Health]], [[Teichert (company)|Teichert]], [[The McClatchy Company]], and [[VSP Vision Care]] are notable companies based in Sacramento and the surrounding metropolitan area. Other major companies that have operations in Sacramento include [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2021/09/14/amazon-hiring-3000-sacramento-by-years-end.html |last=Anderson |first=Mark |date=September 14, 2021 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 27, 2023 |title=Amazon hiring 3,000 additional Sacramento employees by year's end |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Apple Inc|Apple]], [[Centene]], [[Hewlett Packard]], [[Intel]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], and [[Siemens Mobility]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/subscriber-only/2022/07/08/sacramento-area-private-sector-employers.html |date=July 8, 2022 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 20, 2023 |title=Sacramento-Area Private Sector Employers |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/subscriber-only/2023/01/20/manufacturers-in-sacramento-area.html |last=Enriquez |first=Xenia |date=January 23, 2023 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 20, 2023 |title=Manufacturers in Sacramento area |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/subscriber-only/2023/04/28/software-developers.html |last=Enriquez |first=Xenia |date=May 5, 2023 |website=www.bizjournals.com |publisher=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 20, 2023 |title=Software Developers in Sacramento area |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The [[Port of Sacramento]] has been plagued with operating losses in recent years and faces bankruptcy. This severe loss in business is due to the heavy competition from the [[Port of Stockton]], which has a larger facility and a deeper channel. As of 2006, the city of [[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]] took responsibility for the Port of Sacramento. During the [[Vietnam War]] era, the Port of Sacramento was the major terminus in the supply route for all military parts, hardware, and other cargo going to Southeast Asia. === Top employers === As of 2023,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/subscriber-only/2023/06/02/employers--sacramento-county.html |title=Employers — Sacramento County |last=Enriquez |first=Xenia |date=June 2, 2023 |website=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> the top employers in the County of Sacramento were: {| class="wikitable" |- ! # ! Employer ! Employees |- | 1 |[[California|State of California]] |107,876 |- | 2 |[[UC Davis Medical Center|UC Davis Health]] |16,075 |- | 3 |[[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento County]] |13,252 |- | 4 |[[Kaiser Permanente]] |10,934 |- | 5 |[[U.S. Government]] |10,507 |- | 6 |[[Sutter Health]] |9,350 |- | 7 |[[Dignity Health]]/[[Catholic Healthcare West]] |7,353 |- | 8 |[[Intel]] |5,000 |- | 9 |[[San Juan Unified School District]] |4,801 |- | 10 |[[Los Rios Community College District]] |3,049 |- | 11 |[[California State University, Sacramento]] |2,800 |- | 12 |[[Raley's Supermarkets]] |2,756 |- | 13 |[[Siemens Mobility]] |2,500 |- |} == Culture == Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, even being dubbed the fourth most "[[Hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipster]] city" in the United States in one 2016 poll.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milne|first1=Steve|last2=Serrieh|first2=Joanne|title=Report: Sacramento Fourth Most Hipster U.S. City|url=http://www.capradio.org/articles/2016/07/29/report-sacramento-fourth-most-hipster-us-city|publisher=Capital Public Radio|access-date=May 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508075257/http://www.capradio.org/articles/2016/07/29/report-sacramento-fourth-most-hipster-us-city|archive-date=May 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=STUDY: Seattle Tops Portland As Most 'Hipster' City in U.S. {{!}} Infogroup|url=http://www.infogroup.com/about/news/study-seattle-tops-portland-as-most-hipster-city-in-us-0|publisher=Infogroup|access-date=May 7, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429233530/http://www.infogroup.com/about/news/study-seattle-tops-portland-as-most-hipster-city-in-us-0|archive-date=April 29, 2017}}</ref> === Museums === [[File:Crocker Museum entrance (cropped).jpg|thumb|The [[Crocker Art Museum]] is the oldest public [[art museum]] in the [[Western United States]] and has one of the largest public art collections in the country.]] Sacramento is home to 32 museums, including several major museums. The [[Crocker Art Museum]] is the oldest public [[art museum]] west of the [[Mississippi River]]. In 2010, the museum completed an expansion that tripled the museum's floor space to more than 145,000 square feet of exhibit space. Also of interest is the [[Governor's Mansion State Historic Park]], a large Victorian Mansion that was home to 14 of California's Governors. The [[Leland Stanford Mansion]], which was completely restored in 2006, serves as the State's official address for diplomatic and business receptions. Guided public tours are available. [[The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts]], home of the [[California Hall of Fame]], is a cultural destination. The [[California State Capitol]] is home to the [[California State Capitol Museum]] and offers free tours of the capitol's historic chambers and assembly rooms as well as a museum that is home to several historical artifacts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fox40.com/news/local-news/sacramento/historic-sites-you-can-visit-while-in-sacramento/ |title=Historic sites you can visit while in Sacramento |last=Martinez |first=Jeremiah |date=November 27, 2022 |website=FOX 40 News |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref> [[File:California Museum.jpg|thumb|right|[[The California Museum]] is dedicated to the [[history of California]] and also hosts the [[California Hall of Fame]].]] The [[California State Railroad Museum]] in Old Sacramento has historical exhibits and live steam locomotives that patrons may ride. The [[California Automobile Museum]], just south of Old Sacramento, displays the automotive history and vehicles from 1880 to 2006 and is the oldest non-profit automotive museum in the West. [[McClellan Air Force Base]] is home to the [[Aerospace Museum of California]] where more than 40 civilian and military aircraft and 50 historical jet engines are displayed to the public. In addition, the [[Sacramento History Museum]], in the heart of Old Sacramento, focuses on the history of Sacramento from the region's pre-Gold Rush history through the present day. In 2021, the Museum of Science and Curiosity (MOSAC) opened in the restored historic power station building of Matsui Waterfront Park. There is a Museum Day held in Sacramento every year when 26 museums in the greater Sacramento area offer free admission. The 2009 Sacramento Museum Day brought out more than 80,000 people, the largest number the event has gathered. Sacramento Museum Day is held every year on the first Saturday of February. === Performing arts === [[File:Sacramento Memorial Auditorium joins the LightSactoBlue campaign.jpg|thumb|[[Sacramento Convention Center Complex|Sacramento Memorial Auditorium]] hosts the [[Sacramento Ballet]] and the [[Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra]].]] The [[Sacramento Ballet]], [[Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra]], and the Sacramento Opera perform at the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center (formerly known as the Community Center Theater). There are several major theater venues in Sacramento. The [[Sacramento Convention Center Complex]] governs both the SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center and [[Memorial Auditorium (Sacramento)|Memorial Auditorium]]. The H Street Theatre Complex consists of the [[Wells Fargo Pavilion]], built in 2003 atop the old Music Circus tent foundations, the McClatchy Mainstage, and the Pollock Stage, originally built as a television studio and renovated at the same time the Pavilion was built. These smaller venues seat 300 and 90, offering a more intimate presentation than the 2300-seat Pavilion. The [[Eagle Theatre (Sacramento, California)|Eagle Theatre]] in Old Sacramento is a reconstruction of the oldest permanent theater in California and hosts several performances year-round.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetravel.com/top-things-to-do-in-sacramento-for-history-buffs/ |title=Top 10 Sacramento Things To Do If You Are History Buff |last=Bhatia |first=Aunindita |date=November 16, 2022 |website=The Travel |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref> The newest venue in the city, the Sophia Tsakopoulos Center for the Arts, consists of the 365-seat Sutter Theatre for Children and the Mainstage, seating 250. [[File:Wells Fargo Pavilion.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Wells Fargo Pavilion]] hosts the [[California Musical Theatre]] and the [[Sacramento Theatre Company]].]] Professional theatre is represented in Sacramento by several companies. [[Broadway Sacramento]] and its locally produced [[summer stock theatre]], [[Broadway at Music Circus]], lures many directors, performers, and artists from New York and Los Angeles to work alongside a large local staff at the [[Wells Fargo Pavilion]]. During the fall, winter, and spring seasons Broadway Sacramento brings bus and truck tours to the [[SAFE Credit Union Performing Arts Center]]. Resident at the H Street Theatre Complex for the remainder of the year (from September to May), the [[Sacramento Theatre Company]] prepares to celebrate its 75th season, beginning in the Fall of 2019. In addition to a traditional regional theatre fare of classical plays and musicals, the Sacramento Theatre Company has a large School of the Arts with a variety of opportunities for arts education. The [[B Street Theatre]], having completed its 2018 move into the new Sophia Tsokopoulos Center for the Arts, continues its pursuit of producing smaller and more intimate professional works for families and children. Rounding out the professional companies is Capital Stage, which performed aboard the Delta King until the end of the 2010–2011 season and soon took up residence at its venue along the J-Street corridor. The Sacramento area has one of the largest collections of community theatres in California. Some of these include the Thistle Dew Dessert Theatre and Playwrights Workshop, Davis Musical Theatre Co., El Dorado Musical Theatre, Runaway Stage Productions, River City Theatre Company, Flying Monkey Productions, The Actor's Theatre, KOLT Run Productions, Kookaburra Productions, Big Idea Theatre, Celebration Arts, Lambda Player, Light Opera Theatre of Sacramento, Synergy Stage and the historic Eagle Theatre. The [[Sacramento Shakespeare Festival]] provides entertainment under the stars every summer in William Land Park. Many of these theatres compete annually for the Elly Awards overseen by The Sacramento Area Regional Theatre Alliance or SARTA.<ref>{{Cite web|last=kimadmin|title=Theatres|url=http://sarta.com/theatres/|access-date=October 19, 2020|website=SARTA|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021202354/http://sarta.com/theatres/}}</ref> === Visual arts === [[File:Church of Scientology Sacramento, California.jpg|thumb|The [[Spanish Colonial Revival style]] Ramona Building, built in 1930]] The Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission is an organization that was established as the Sacramento [[arts council]] in 1977 to provide several arts programs for the city. These include Art in Public Places, Arts Education, Grants, and Cultural Programs, Poet Laureate Programs, Arts Stabilization Programs and Other Resources, and opportunities. Sacramento Second Saturday Art Walk is a program of local art galleries that stay open into the late evenings every second Saturday of each month. Sacramento is also home to the [[Wide Open Walls (Sacramento Mural Festival)|Wide Open Walls Festival]] where artists from across the world have added more than 140 murals across the city since the festival's inception in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kcra.com/article/artists-in-sacramento-prepare-for-wide-open-walls-mural-festival/39907539#|title=Artists in Sacramento prepare for Wide Open Walls mural festival |author=KCRA Staff |date=May 4, 2022 |website=KCRA 3 |access-date=May 19, 2022}}</ref> [[File:Elks and Masons 4009 02.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Sacramento Masonic Temple]]]] Sacramento is home to one of California's oldest Latino cultural centers, the Latino Center of Art and Culture The Latino Center of Art and Culture was founded in the early '70s by activist Chicano students to combat racism and instill pride in the Chicano community. Known as La Raza Galeria it was home to artists like Ricardo Favela, José Montoya, and Esteban Villa who formed the Chicano artist collective, the Royal Chicano Air Force. The center is a community hub offering support to emerging Latino artists and producing live programming.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} === Music === [[File:Tower Theater (50216124686).jpg|thumb|upright|The Tower Theatre, where [[Tower Records]] was founded]] [[Tower Records (music retailer)|Tower Records]] was started and based in Sacramento until its closing.<ref name=CHanksBornRaised-Playmaker>{{cite web|url=http://www.playmakeronline.com/2011/09/14/exclusive-interview-colin-hanks/|title=Exclusive Interview: Colin Hanks|date=September 14, 2011|first=Adam|last=Sweeney|publisher=Playmaker|access-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603165802/http://www.playmakeronline.com/2011/09/14/exclusive-interview-colin-hanks/|archive-date=June 3, 2013}} *<sup>a</sup> "I was born and raised in Sacramento, California, which most people don't know is where [[Tower Records (music retailer)|Tower]] started and was based until the end." – ¶ 4.</ref> Classical music is widely available. The [[Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra]], the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, the Sacramento Choral Society & Orchestra, the [[Sacramento Youth Symphony]], the Sacramento Master Singers, the Sacramento Children's Chorus, and the Camellia Symphony each present a full season of concerts. Each year, the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards. Sacramento also has a reputation{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} as a center for [[Dixieland]] jazz, because of the [[Sacramento Jazz Jubilee]] which was held every [[Memorial Day]] weekend until 2017. Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city. Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one weekend. A growing number of rock, [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]], and [[Heavy metal music|metal]] bands hail from the Sacramento area, including [[Tesla (band)|Tesla]], AS IS, [[Deftones]], [[Papa Roach]], [[Will Haven]], [[Trash Talk (band)|Trash Talk]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://deathwishinc.com/bands/74/ |title=Deathwish Inc |publisher=Deathwish Inc. |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124015328/http://deathwishinc.com/bands/74 |archive-date=November 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rocksound.tv/features/article/trash-talk|title=Trash Talk's anthology 'Shame' is released this week, Band of the Week is in the bag!|date=May 18, 2010|magazine=[[Rock Sound]]|access-date=June 20, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205184442/http://www.rocksound.tv/features/article/trash-talk|archive-date=December 5, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/rbpn|title=Trash Talk Eyes & Nines Review|first=Mike|last=Diver|date=May 5, 2010|publisher=BBC|access-date=June 20, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510013226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/rbpn|archive-date=May 10, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dance Gavin Dance]], [[A Lot Like Birds]], [[Far (band)|Far]], [[Cake (band)|CAKE]], [[!!!]], [[Oleander (band)|Oleander]] and [[Steel Breeze]]; plus some other famous musicians like record producer and recording artist [[Charlie Peacock]], Duane Leinan, Bob Stubbs of [[Social Distortion]], and Craig Chaquico of [[Jefferson Starship]]. Sacramento is home to several music festivals throughout the year. Since 2012, Sacramento hosts the four-day [[Aftershock Festival]] at [[Discovery Park (Sacramento)|Discovery Park]] where acclaimed bands such as [[Evanescence]], [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], and [[Muse (band)|Muse]] perform for up to 160,000 visitors. Other notable music festivals include the country-based GoldenSky Festival and the soul and R&B-based Sol Blume festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kcra.com/article/its-all-about-love-sol-blume-music-festival-taking-place-in-sacramento-this-weekend/39862574 |title='It's all about love': Sol Blume music festival taking place in Sacramento this weekend |author=KCRA Staff |date=April 29, 2022 |website=KCRA 3 News |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fox40.com/news/local-news/sacramento/dates-for-aftershock-goldensky-festivals-announced-for-2023/ |title=Dates for Aftershock, GoldenSky festivals announced for 2023 |last=Martinez |first=Jeremiah |date=November 7, 2022 |website=FOX 40 News |access-date=December 1, 2022}}</ref> Scottish pop band [[Middle of the Road (band)|Middle of the Road]] sang kindly of Sacramento in their 1972 European hit song "[[Sacramento (A Wonderful Town)|Sacramento]]". [[Experimental music|Experimental]] groups such as [[Hella (band)|Hella]], [[Death Grips]], and [[Tera Melos]] also come out of Sacramento. Rappers [[C-Bo]], [[Marvaless]], [[Lunasicc]], [[Mozzy]], [[Hobo Johnson]], and [[Chuuwee]] are among those native to the area. === Film === [[File:K Street, Downtown Sacramento, California (51030469438) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|The historic [[Crest Theatre]]]] Sacramento is home to the [[Sacramento French Film Festival]], a cultural event held every year in July that features U.S. premieres of French films and classic masterpieces of French cinema, and the Sacramento Japanese Film Festival,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacjapanesefilmfestival.net |title=SJFF Home |publisher=Sacramento Japanese Film Festival |date=July 13, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109004509/http://www.sacjapanesefilmfestival.net/ |archive-date=November 9, 2012}}</ref> also held in July. In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror, monster, and exploitation films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sactownmag.com/Blog/2015/Grown-up-slumber-party-Trash-Film-Orgy-overtake-downtown-art-center/|title=Grown-up slumber party, Trash Film Orgy overtake downtown art center|last=Pham|first=Jason|work=[[Sactown Magazine]]|date=February 27, 2015|access-date=March 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302030840/http://www.sactownmag.com/Blog/2015/Grown-up-slumber-party-Trash-Film-Orgy-overtake-downtown-art-center/|archive-date=March 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Founded in 2007, the Sacramento Horror Film Festival showcases feature-length and short films as well as live musical and theatrical performances in the horror and macabre genres.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.sacbee.com/ticket/archives/2007/10/horror-film-fes.html|title=Horror film fest to debut in Sac|last=Meyer|first=Carla|work=[[The Sacramento Bee]]|date=October 15, 2007|access-date=March 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090049/http://blogs.sacbee.com/ticket/archives/2007/10/horror-film-fes.html|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> Of note, Sacramento has been home to various actors, including [[Eddie Murphy]], who resided in the Riverlake community of [[Pocket-Greenhaven]] with his then-wife Nicole Mitchell Murphy, a fashion model and Sacramento native. It is also the home of director [[Greta Gerwig]], whose solo directorial debut [[Lady Bird (film)|''Lady Bird'']] is set in Sacramento. === Cuisine === [[File:The Old Tavern (Sacramento, CA).jpg|thumb|The [[Old Tavern (Sacramento, California)|Old Tavern]], built in the 1850s]] In 2012, Sacramento started the marketing campaign as "America's Farm-to-Fork Capital" due to Sacramento's many restaurants that source their food from the numerous surrounding farms.<ref>{{cite web |last=Macias |first=Chris |url=http://www.sacbee.com/2012/10/30/4947681/sacramentos-farm-to-fork-moniker.html |title=Sacramento's farm-to-fork moniker to be official – Food & Wine |newspaper=The Sacramento Bee |date=October 30, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528122632/http://www.sacbee.com/2012/10/30/4947681/sacramentos-farm-to-fork-moniker.html |archive-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The city has an annual Farm-to-Fork festival that showcases various grocers, restaurants, and growers in the industry. In 2012, one of the city's farm-to-fork restaurants [[The Kitchen (California restaurant)|The Kitchen]] was nominated for Outstanding Restaurant by the James Beard Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Macias |first=Chris |url=http://blogs.sacbee.com/dining/archives/2012/02/the-kitchen-for.html |title=Appetizers: The Kitchen, former Sacramento chef receive James Beard nominations |publisher=The Sacramento Bee blogs |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501084429/http://blogs.sacbee.com/dining/archives/2012/02/the-kitchen-for.html |archive-date=May 1, 2013}}</ref> Sacramento is home to well-known cookbook authors, [[Biba Caggiano]] of Biba's Restaurant and Mai Pham of Lemongrass and Star Ginger.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biba-restaurant.com/ |title=Premier Italian Restaurant | Sacramento Italian Restaurant | Home of Biba Caggiano |publisher=Biba Restaurant |date=October 12, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103184807/http://www.biba-restaurant.com/ |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sacramento is also known for its alcoholic beverage culture, with keystone events that include [[Cal Expo]]'s Grape and Gourmet, Sacramento Beer Week, and Sacramento Cocktail Week. Its growing beer scene is evident, with over 60 microbreweries in the region as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brewery Directory – Beers in Sacramento|url=http://www.beersinsac.com/sacramento-brewery-directory/|publisher=Beers in Sacramento|access-date=May 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525050821/http://www.beersinsac.com/sacramento-brewery-directory/|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Numerous beer festivals around the region highlight both local and visitor beers. In addition to festivals in Elk Grove,<ref>{{cite web |title=Elk Grove Brewfest |url=http://www.elkgrovebrewfest.com |publisher=Beers in Sac |access-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018131050/http://www.elkgrovebrewfest.com/ |archive-date=October 18, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Davis, Roseville, Placerville,<ref>{{cite web |title=Placerville Brewfest |url=https://www.placervillebrewfest.com |publisher=Beers in Sac |access-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117212054/https://www.placervillebrewfest.com/ |archive-date=November 17, 2018}}</ref> and Woodland,<ref>{{cite web |title=Yolo Brewfest |url=http://yolobrewfest.com/#home-2 |publisher=Beers in Sac |access-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618080015/http://yolobrewfest.com/#home-2 |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Sacramento hosts the annual California Beer Craft Summit, an exposition dedicated to the art of brewing. The summit also hosts the largest beer festival on the West Coast, featuring over 160 breweries in downtown Sacramento.<ref>{{cite web|title=CA Craft Beer Summit|url=http://www.californiacraftbeer.com/craft-beer-summit/|website=2017 California Craft Beer Summit and Brewers Showcase|date=January 14, 2015|publisher=California Craft Brewers Association|access-date=May 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525050821/http://www.californiacraftbeer.com/craft-beer-summit/|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Sacramento's contemporary culture is also reflected in its coffee. An "underrated coffee city",<ref>{{cite web|last1=McIntyre|first1=Emily|title=Five Underrated Coffee Cities|url=http://sprudge.com/5-underrated-coffee-cities-49595.html |publisher=Sprudge|access-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref> Sacramento has above-average marks for local coffee.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goldberg|first1=Elyssa|title=11 of the world's best cities for coffee lovers|url=https://matadornetwork.com/life/11-worlds-best-cities-coffee-lovers/|publisher=Matador Network|access-date=May 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525050824/https://matadornetwork.com/life/11-worlds-best-cities-coffee-lovers/|archive-date=May 25, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sports == {{Main|Sports in Sacramento, California}} [[File:G1C Interior.jpg|thumb|A [[Sacramento Kings]] game at [[Golden 1 Center]] in [[downtown Sacramento|Downtown]]]] Sacramento is home to one major league sports team – the [[Sacramento Kings]] of the [[National Basketball Association]]. The Kings came to Sacramento from Kansas City in 1985. On January 21, 2013, a controlling interest in the Sacramento Kings was sold to hedge fund manager [[Chris R. Hansen|Chris Hansen]], who intended to move the franchise to Seattle for the 2013–2014 NBA season and rename the team the [[Seattle SuperSonics]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nba.com/2013/news/01/21/maloofs-sell-kings.ap/index.html |title=Maloofs sell Kings to Hansen-led Seattle group |publisher=NBA. |date=January 21, 2013 |access-date=February 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124183337/http://www.nba.com/2013/news/01/21/maloofs-sell-kings.ap/index.html |archive-date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> Sacramento Mayor [[Kevin Johnson (basketball)|Kevin Johnson]], himself a former NBA basketball player, fought the move, forming an ownership group led by [[Vivek Ranadive]] to keep the Kings in Sacramento. On May 16, 2013, the NBA Board of Governors voted 22–8 to keep the Kings in Sacramento.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/8923556/david-stern-says-seattle-group-bid-sacramento-kings-filed-relocation |title=Seattle group has filed for relocation |agency=AP |publisher=ESPN |date=February 6, 2013 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207012950/http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/8923556/david-stern-says-seattle-group-bid-sacramento-kings-filed-relocation |archive-date=February 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sacramento has two other professional teams. [[Sacramento Republic FC]] began play to in April 2014 at [[Charles C. Hughes Stadium|Hughes Stadium]] before a sellout crowd of 20,231, setting a USL Pro regular-season single-game attendance record.<ref>[http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/26/6357273/republic-fc-loses-home-opener.html "Republic FC loses home opener before sellout crowd at Hughes Stadium"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427210131/http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/26/6357273/republic-fc-loses-home-opener.html |date=April 27, 2014}}, Sacramento Bee, April 27, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/25/6355033/sacramento-republic-fc-opener.html "Sacramento Republic FC opener sells out, sets league record"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506025453/http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/25/6355033/sacramento-republic-fc-opener.html |date=May 6, 2014}}, Sacramento Bee, April 25, 2014.</ref> They now play in Papa Murphy's Park. Republic FC won the [[United Soccer League|USL]] championship in their first season. In October 2019, Republic FC's [[Major League Soccer]] expansion bid was approved; the team was expected to begin MLS play in the 2022 season,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article236416963.html|title=Goal! Sacramento is officially a Major League Soccer city|last1=Bizjak|first1=Tony|date=October 21, 2019|work=The Sacramento Bee|access-date=October 21, 2019|last2=Breton|first2=Marcos|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021194301/https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article236416963.html|archive-date=October 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> until being delayed by COVID-19 to the 2023 season.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/sports/mls-delay-in-sacramento-republic-fc/103-808622ee-dfc6-4c1a-81b6-c0040f811a72 |title=Sacramento Republic FC's inclusion into MLS delayed 1 year due to coronavirus |last=Jarosz |first=Joseph |website=Abc10|date=July 17, 2020 |access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref> However, as of February 26, 2021, the bid is on indefinite hiatus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/sacramento-republic-fc/story/4324773/sacramento-mls-team-on-indefinite-hold-after-main-investor-pulls-out-of-deal |title=Sacramento MLS team on indefinite hold after investor pulls out of deal |last=Carlisle |first=Jeff |website=ESPN|date=February 27, 2021 |access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref> [[File:City Skyline Raley Field.JPG|thumb|View from [[Sutter Health Park]], home of the [[Sacramento River Cats]]]] In 2000, AAA minor league baseball returned to Sacramento with the [[Sacramento River Cats]], an affiliate of the [[San Francisco Giants]] and formerly an affiliate of the [[Oakland Athletics]]. The River Cats play at [[Sutter Health Park]], in West Sacramento. The [[Sacramento State Hornets football|Sacramento State Hornets]] of the [[NCAA Division I|NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)]] play at [[Hornet Stadium (Sacramento)|Hornet Stadium]] as part of the [[Big Sky Conference]]. Since 1954, the Hornets have won seven conference titles and have participated in four playoff appearances and two bowl games. Sacramento is the former home of two professional basketball teams. The [[Sacramento Heatwave]] of the [[American Basketball Association (21st century)|American Basketball Association]] previously played in the Sacramento area until 2013. Sacramento was also formerly home to the now-defunct [[Sacramento Monarchs]] of the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]]. The Monarchs were one of the eight founding members of the WNBA in 1997 and won the [[WNBA Championship]] in 2005, but folded in November 2009. Sacramento has frequently hosted the [[NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship]] as well as the first and second rounds of the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship]]. The California International Marathon (est. 1983) attracts a field of international elite runners who vie for a share of the $50,000 prize purse. The fast course is popular for runners seeking to achieve a Boston Marathon qualifying time and fitness runners. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ colspan="7"| Sacramento professional teams |- ! scope="col" | Club ! scope="col" | League ! scope="col" | Sport ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Attendance ! scope="col" | Established ! scope="col" | Championships |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Sacramento Kings]] | [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] | Basketball | [[Golden 1 Center]] | align=center | 17,608 | 1923 (1985) | 1 NBA, 2 NBL (as Rochester Royals) |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Sacramento Republic FC]] | [[USL Championship]] | Soccer | [[Heart Health Park]] | style="text-align:center;"| 11,800 | 2012 | 1 USL Pro |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Sacramento River Cats]] | [[Pacific Coast League|PCL]] | Baseball | [[Sutter Health Park]] | style="text-align:center;"| 14,200 | 1978 (2000) | 3 Triple-A titles, 5 League titles |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Sacramento State Hornets football|Sacramento State Hornets]] | [[NCAA|NCAA Division I FCS]] | Football | [[Hornet Stadium (Sacramento)|Hornet Stadium]] | align=center | 21,195 | 1954 | 7 Conference Titles |} == Parks and recreation == [[File:Capitol Mall Sacramento,CA.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Capitol Mall]] is a major monumental [[parkway]] leading from [[Tower Bridge (Sacramento)|Tower Bridge]] to the [[California State Capitol|California Capitol]].]] Sacramento boasts an extensive park system consisting of over {{convert|5000|acres|0|abbr=on}} of parkland and recreation centers.<ref>Warner, Anmargaret. (June 6, 2013). [https://www.businessinsider.com/us-cities-with-the-best-parks-2013-6?op=1 "The 10 American Cities With The Best Parks"]. ''Business Insider''. Accessed July 15, 2013.</ref> In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, [[Trust for Public Land|The Trust for Public Land]] reported Sacramento was tied with San Francisco and [[Boston]] for having the third-best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |last1=Lindelof |first1=Bill |url=http://www.sacbee.com/2013/06/06/5475461/capital-rated-highly-for-its-parks.html |title=Capitol rated highly for its parks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630002317/http://www.sacbee.com/2013/06/06/5475461/capital-rated-highly-for-its-parks.html|archive-date=June 30, 2014 |date=June 6, 2013 |website=The Sacramento Bee |access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref> ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents. The city features a collection of smaller parks in the downtown district, including Crocker Park, Roosevelt Park, Fremont Park, and Southside Park, and is home to basketball courts, playgrounds, and year-round farmers markets and local events. In addition, [[Cesar Chavez Plaza]] is home to concerts in the summertime and is a well-known rallying spot for gatherings. In addition, surrounding the [[California State Capitol]] is [[Capitol Park (Sacramento)|Capitol Park]], a {{convert|40|acre|ha}} park consisting of more than 200 types of trees and 155 memorials. The most recent park constructed in Sacramento is the Hanami Line at [[Robert Matsui]] Waterfront Park, which is home to a line of [[Cherry blossom|Cherry Blossoms]] surrounding the park.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sacramento.newsreview.com/2022/04/22/sacramento-to-get-its-own-hanami-line/ |title=Sacramento to get its own Hanami Line |last=Arrington |first=Debbie |date=April 22, 2022 |website=Sacramento Bee |access-date=December 12, 2022}}</ref> Popular parks outside the central core include [[American River Parkway]] which spans 23 miles along the American River, William McKinley Park and Memorial Rose Garden, and [[William Land Park]]. [[William Land Park]] is home to several key attractions in the city. The [[Sacramento Zoo]] spans {{cvt|14.3|acre}} and is home to more than 400 native and endangered animals around the world. The park is also home to Funderland, a small amusement park open from February to November consisting of 9 rides, and Fairytale Town, which sees more than 250,000 visitors each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saczoo.org/animals/ |title=It's all about the Animals |website=Sacramento Zoo |access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sacbee.com/entertainment/article261083372.html |last=Adatia |first=Noor |date=May 30, 2022 |website=The Sacramento Bee |access-date=November 30, 2022 |title=Funderland in Sacramento has a new attraction this season — and it's not just for kids}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2022/03/25/fairytale-town-expansion-grant.html |title=Fairytale Town expansion gets $1.8 million grant from state |last=Hamann |first=Emily |date=March 25, 2022 |website=Sacramento Business Journal |access-date=November 30, 2022}}</ref> Sacramento is a hotbed for high school rugby. [[Jesuit High School (Sacramento)|Jesuit High School]] is the recent defending national champion (winning five times in total). Their arch-rival school Christian Brothers came in second nationwide. Burbank, Del Campo, and Vacaville have also placed well in the national competition over the years. The Sacramento Valley High School Rugby Conference hosts the largest and arguably deepest preseason youth and high school rugby tournament in America. [[File:Monorail and rides at dusk at the 2012 California State Fair held in Sacramento, California LCCN2013633011.tif|thumb|right|The [[California State Fair]] is held annually at the [[California Exposition]].]] The [[California State Fair]] is held in Sacramento each year at the end of the summer, ending on [[Labor Day]]. In 2010, the State Fair moved to July. More than one million people attended this fair in 2001. The [[Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail]] that runs between [[Old Sacramento]] and [[Folsom Lake]] grants access to the American River Parkway, a natural area that includes more than {{convert|5000|acre|km2}} of undeveloped land. It attracts cyclists and equestrians from across the state. Among other recreational options in Sacramento is Discovery Park, a {{convert|275|acre|km2|1|adj=on}} park studded with stands of mature trees and grasslands. This park is situated where the American River flows into the Sacramento River. There are several casinos and card rooms in the city scattered throughout the Sacramento area. Since 1991, Capitol Casino has been open in downtown Sacramento and is home to several card games. Other notable casinos in the area include [[Thunder Valley Casino Resort]], [[Cache Creek Casino Resort]], Red Hawk Casino Resort, Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Sacramento at Fire Mountain, Jackson Rancheria Casino Resort, and Sky River Casino in Elk Grove. In amateur sports, Sacramento claims many prominent Olympians such as [[Mark Spitz]], [[Debbie Meyer]] (6-time gold medalist in US swimming), [[Mike Burton (swimmer)|Mike Burton]], [[Summer Sanders]] (gold medalist in swimming, and trained in childhood by Debbie Meyer), [[Jeff Float]] (all swimming), and [[Billy Mills]] (track). Coach [[Sherm Chavoor]] founded Arden Hills Swim Club just east of the city and trained Burton, Spitz, and others. == Government == [[File:Sacramento City Hall - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Sacramento City Hall]] is the seat of the [[Government of Sacramento]], hosting the [[Mayor of Sacramento]] and [[Sacramento City Council]].]] Sacramento is both the capital city of California and the [[county seat]] of [[Sacramento County]]. As such, it hosts both the [[Government of California|Californian government]] and the county administration, alongside the city government. === City government=== {{Main|Government of Sacramento}} The [[government of Sacramento, California|Government of Sacramento]] operates as a [[charter city]] (as opposed to a general law city) under the Charter of the City of Sacramento. The elected government is composed of the [[Sacramento City Council]] with 8 city council districts and the [[Mayor of Sacramento]], which operates under a [[mayor-council government]]. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the City Manager, [[Sacramento Police Department]] (SPD), the [[Sacramento Fire Department]] (SFD), City Clerk, City Attorney, and City Treasurer. As of 2016, the mayor is [[Darrell Steinberg]] and the council members are Angelique Ashby, Allen Warren, Jeff Harris, Steve Hansen, Jay Schenirer, Rich Jennings, and Larry Carr.<ref name=cc /> The City of Sacramento is part of [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento County]], for which the [[government of Sacramento County, California|government of Sacramento County]] is defined and authorized under the [[California Constitution]], [[California law]], and the Charter of the County of Sacramento.<ref>California Government Code § 23004</ref> === California government=== {{main|Government of California}} As the [[capital city]] of [[California]], Sacramento is home to the [[government of California]]. The California State Capitol is the seat of the [[governor of California]] and the [[California State Legislature]], and the city is home to numerous [[List of California state agencies|California state agencies]]. The [[Supreme Court of California]] is headquartered in San Francisco but maintains one of its two branch offices in Sacramento, where it shares a courtroom with the [[California Courts of Appeal|Court of Appeal for the Third Appellate District]]. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Government buildings in Sacramento" heights="100px"> File:CA DOJ HQ Front.jpg|[[California Department of Justice]] File:Stanleymosklibraryandcourtsbldg.jpg|[[Supreme Court of California]] File:Sacramento Federal Court Building - Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse (25379475283) (cropped).jpg|[[Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse|Matsui Federal Courthouse]] File:Cal EPA Building (cropped).jpg|[[California Environmental Protection Agency|California EPA]] File:California Department of Health Care Services 4.jpg|[[California Department of Health Care Services]] File:300 Capitol Mall Sacramento.jpg|[[California State Controller]] File:Californiaattorneygeneraloffice (cropped).jpg|[[Attorney General of California]] File:Jesse M. Unruh State Office Building.jpg|[[Jesse M. Unruh State Office Building|Unruh State Building]] </gallery> === State and federal representation === In the [[California State Senate]], Sacramento is in the [[California's 8th State Senatorial district|8th Senate District]], In the [[California State Assembly]] it is in the [[California's 6th State Assembly district|6th Assembly District]]. In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Sacramento is split between two districts. The northern half is in {{Representative|cacd|6|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|6|access-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref> The southern half is in {{Representative|cacd|7|fmt=district}}. == Education == {{multiple image | direction = vertical | align = right | width = 250 | footer = The main campus of the [[University of California, Davis]], is in [[Davis, California]] (top), while the [[UC Davis Medical Center]] is in Sacramento (bottom). | image1 = Aerial view of UC Davis (cropped).jpg | image2 = UCDMCaerial.jpg }} === Higher education === {{See also|California State University, Sacramento|University of California, Davis|University of the Pacific (United States)}} The Sacramento area hosts a wide variety of higher educational opportunities. There are two major public universities, many private institutions, community colleges, vocational schools, and the McGeorge School of Law. Sacramento is home to [[California State University, Sacramento|Sacramento State (California State University, Sacramento)]], founded as Sacramento State College in 1947. In 2004, enrollment was 22,555 undergraduates and 5,417 graduate students in the university's eight colleges. The university's mascot is the hornet, and the school colors are green and gold. The {{convert|300|acre|km2|adj=on}} campus is along the American River Parkway a few miles east of downtown. The [[University of California]] has a campus, [[UC Davis]], in nearby [[Davis, California|Davis]] and has a graduate center in downtown Sacramento. The [[UC Davis Graduate School of Management]] (GSM) is near the [[UC Davis Medical Center]] off Stockton Boulevard near Highway 50. Many students, about 400 out of 517, at the UC Davis GSM are working professionals and are completing their MBA part-time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-27 |title=UC Davis Graduate School of Management |url=http://www.gsm.ucdavis.edu/ExploreOurSchool/index.aspx?id=182&m2=244&m3=4&m1=94 |access-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927110646/http://www.gsm.ucdavis.edu/ExploreOurSchool/index.aspx?id=182&m2=244&m3=4&m1=94 |archive-date=2011-09-27}}</ref> UC also maintains the University of California Sacramento Center (UCCS) for undergraduate and graduate studies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uccs.universityofcalifornia.edu/ |title=Welcome – University of California Center Sacramento |publisher=University of California |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131035459/http://uccs.universityofcalifornia.edu/ |archive-date=January 31, 2014}}</ref> The [[UC Davis School of Medicine]] is at the [[UC Davis Medical Center]] between the neighborhoods of [[Elmhurst, Sacramento, California|Elmhurst]], [[Tahoe Park, Sacramento, California|Tahoe Park]], and Oak Park. [[File:Sac State Library Quad.jpg|thumb|[[California State University, Sacramento|Sacramento State University]] is one of the best-ranked on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]].]] [[File:Drexel University, Sacramento campus.JPG|thumb|[[Drexel University Sacramento]]]] The [[Los Rios Community College District]] consists of several [[Community college|two-year colleges]] in the Sacramento area—[[American River College]], [[Cosumnes River College]], [[Sacramento City College]], and [[Folsom Lake College]], plus a large number of outreach centers for those colleges. [[Sierra College]] is on the outskirts of Sacramento in Rocklin. The [[University of the Pacific (United States)|University of the Pacific]] has its Sacramento Campus in the Oak Park neighborhood of Sacramento. The campus has long included [[McGeorge School of Law]] and in 2015 was expanded to become a comprehensive graduate and professional campus, including programs in analytics, business, education, health sciences, and public policy.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of the Pacific to launch five new graduate programs in Sacramento |url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article25542625.html |access-date=July 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704203735/http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article25542625.html |archive-date=July 4, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[National University (California)|National University]] Sacramento regional campus offers bachelor's and master's degrees in business, education, health-care and teaching credential programs. The [[University of San Francisco]] has one of its four regional campuses in Sacramento. At the undergraduate level, they offer degrees in Applied Economics, Information Systems, Organizational Behavior and Leadership, and Public Administration. At the graduate level, Master's programs are offered in Information Security and Assurance, Information Systems, Organization Development, Project Management, Public Administration, Nonprofit Administration, and Counseling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-11 |title=University of San Francisco (USF) - Sacramento |url=http://www.usfca.edu/acadserv/academic/regions/sac/index.html |access-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311062329/http://www.usfca.edu/acadserv/academic/regions/sac/index.html |archive-date=2010-03-11}}</ref> The private [[University of Southern California]] has an extension in downtown Sacramento, called the State Capital Center. The campus, taught by main campus professors, Sacramento-based professors, and practitioners in the State Capitol and state agencies, offers Master of Public Administration, Masters of Public Policy, and Master of Public Health degrees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/sppd/programs/sacramento/ |title=USC Price School in Sacramento – USC Price School of Public Policy |publisher=University of Southern California |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126041336/http://www.usc.edu/schools/sppd/programs/sacramento/ |archive-date=November 26, 2011}}</ref> [[Epic Bible College]] and the [[Professional School of Psychology]] are also based in Sacramento. [[Western Seminary]] has one of its four campuses in Sacramento, which opened on the campus of Arcade Church in 1991. Western is an evangelical, Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors, marriage and family therapists, educators, missionaries, and lay leadership. The Sacramento campus offers four master's degrees and a variety of other graduate-level programs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.westernseminary.edu/admissions/why/campuses/sacramento |title=Western Seminary Sacramento Campus |publisher=Western Seminary |access-date=November 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002547/http://www.westernseminary.edu/admissions/why/campuses/sacramento |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:McGeorge School of Law logo.png|thumb|right|The [[McGeorge School of Law]] of the [[University of the Pacific (United States)|University of the Pacific]] is a [[law school]] in the [[Oak Park, Sacramento, California|Oak Park neighborhood]].]] A satellite campus of [[Alliant International University]] offers graduate and undergraduate programs of study. [[The Art Institute of California – Sacramento]] was established in 2007 and is a branch of [[The Art Institute of California – Los Angeles]]. The school is focused on educating students in the field of commercial arts. The school offers both a Bachelor of Science and an Associate of Science degree, as well as diplomas in some areas of study. Some majors the school offers are Digital Film-making & Video Production, Culinary Management, Graphic Design, and Game Art & Design. The school has since been closed. On J Street, there is the [[Lincoln Law School of Sacramento]], a private, evening-only law school program with a strong legal presence in the region. The [[Universal Technical Institute]] (UTI) is in Sacramento; it offers automotive programs in auto mechanics, auto body, and diesel. === Primary and secondary education === [[File:C.K. McClatchy High School.jpg|thumb|left|The historic McClatchy High School]] [[File:Saint Patrick Academy in Sacramento California (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Saint Patrick Academy]] [[File:Sacramento - North Sacramento School - 20211029085401 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|North Sacramento School]] The [[Sacramento Public Library]] system has 28 branches in the greater area. The Sacramento area is served by various public school districts, including the [[Sacramento City Unified School District]], [[Natomas Unified School District]], [[San Juan Unified School District]], [[Twin Rivers Unified School District]], and [[Elk Grove Unified School District]]. As of 2009, the area's schools employed 9,600 elementary school teachers (not including special education teachers),<ref>{{cite web|title=Sacramento, Arden, Arcade, Roseville CA - Elementary School Teachers (Excluding Special Education) - Career, Salary & Employment Info |url=http://www.collegedegreereport.com/city-data/elementary-school-teachers-except-special-education/sacramento-arden-arcade-roseville|website=CollegeDegreeReport.com|access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175454/http://www.collegedegreereport.com/city-data/elementary-school-teachers-except-special-education/sacramento-arden-arcade-roseville|archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref> and 7,410 middle school teachers (not including special education or vocational teachers).<ref>{{cite web|title=Sacramento, Arden, Arcade, Roseville CA - Middle School Teachers (Excluding Special & Vocational Education) - Career, Salary & Employment Info |url=http://www.collegedegreereport.com/city-data/middle-school-teachers-except-special-and-vocational-education/sacramento-arden-arcade-ros|website=CollegeDegreeReport.com|access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175529/http://www.collegedegreereport.com/city-data/middle-school-teachers-except-special-and-vocational-education/sacramento-arden-arcade-ros|archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref> Almost all areas south of the American River are served by the [[Sacramento City Unified School District]]. The only exceptions are the Valley Hi/North Laguna and Florin areas served by the [[Elk Grove Unified School District]]. Areas north of the American River are served by the remaining school districts. This area was not originally part of the City of Sacramento and as such is not served by Sacramento City Unified School District. North Sacramento outside of Natomas and Robla (for K-8) is served by the Twin Rivers Unified School District. The Robla area is served by the Robla School District for K-8 and by Twin Rivers for 9–12. The [[Natomas, Sacramento, California|Natomas]] region is served by the Natomas Unified School District. The Campus Commons area and the small portions of the Sierra Oaks neighborhood that fall into the city of Sacramento are served by the San Juan Unified School District. While Roman Catholic institutions still dominate the independent school scene in the Sacramento area, in 1964, [[Sacramento Country Day School]] opened and offered Sacramento citizens an independent school affiliated with the California Association of Independent Schools. SCDS has grown to its present-day status as a learning community for students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Additionally, the suburb of [[Fair Oaks, California|Fair Oaks]] hosts the expansive riverside campus of the [[Sacramento Waldorf School]], a [[Waldorf Education|Steiner]] school adjacent to the Rudolf Steiner College, and the largest Waldorf school in North America. Sacramento Waldorf School educates students from pre-K through 12th grade on a secluded, pastoral site that incorporates a large, functioning [[biodynamic agriculture|biodynamic]] farm. Shalom School is the only Jewish day school in Sacramento; however, Brookefield School on property owned by Congregation B'nai Israel provides extracurricular Jewish education. Capital Christian School is a preschool–12th grade private Christian school.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccconline.cc/ |title=Capital Christian Center | Truth – Growth – Love |publisher=Ccconline |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407035543/http://www.ccconline.cc/ |archive-date=April 7, 2012}}</ref> There is a small Bible college on campus offering associate degrees in Bible studies or theology. Sacramento Adventist Academy is another Christian school in Greater Sacramento. This is a preschool–12 institution, as well. There is one Islamic school in Sacramento, Masjid Annur, founded in 1988. == Media == [[File:US Bank Plaza (Sacramento, California).jpg|thumb|right|[[Park Tower (Sacramento)|Park Tower]], Downtown Sacramento]] === Magazines === *[[Comstock's magazine]] *''[[Government Technology Magazine]]'' *''[[Sacramento Magazine]]'' *''[[Sactown Magazine]]'' === Newspapers === ; Top two newspapers *''[[The Sacramento Bee]]'', the primary newspaper, was founded in 1857 by [[James McClatchy]]. ''The Sacramento Bee'' is the flagship paper of [[The McClatchy Company]], the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States. The ''Sacramento Bee'' has won five [[Pulitzer Prize]]s in its history and numerous other awards, including many for its progressive public service campaigns promoting free speech (the ''Bee'' often criticized government policy, and uncovered many scandals hurting Californians), anti-racism (the ''Bee'' supported the Union during the [[American Civil War]] and later publicly denounced the [[Ku Klux Klan]]), worker's rights (the ''Bee'' has a strong history of supporting [[unionization]]), and [[environmental protection]] (leading numerous tree-planting campaigns and fighting against environmental destruction in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]]). * The ''[[Sacramento Union]]'', the ''Sacramento Bee''{{'}}s rival, started publishing six years earlier, in 1851; it closed its doors in 1994, with an attempted revival lasting from 2005 to 2009. Writer and journalist [[Mark Twain]] wrote for the ''Union'' in 1866. ;Other newspapers *''[[Sacramento Business Journal]]'' *''[[Sacramento News & Review]]'' *''[[The Sacramento Observer]]'' === Television === * [[List of television stations in Sacramento, California]] == Transportation == [[File:The Tower Bridge 2017-02-23 (33055244176).jpg|thumb|[[Tower Bridge (Sacramento)|Tower Bridge]] crosses over the [[Sacramento River]], connecting Sacramento to [[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]].]] {{Main|Transportation in the Sacramento metropolitan area}} A 2011 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Sacramento the 24th most walkable of the fifty largest U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2011 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69hdEpBFH?url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |archive-date=August 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Roads === Sacramento is a [[control city]] and the region is served by several highways and freeways. [[Interstate 80 (California)|Interstate 80]] (I-80) is the major east–west route, connecting Sacramento with San Francisco in the west, and [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] in the east. [[Interstate 80 Business (Sacramento, California)|Business 80]] (the Capital City Freeway) splits from I-80 in [[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]], runs through Sacramento, and then rejoins its parent in the northwest portion of the city. [[U.S. Route 50 (California)|U.S. Highway 50]] also begins its eastern journey in West Sacramento, [[Concurrency (road)|co-signed]] with Business 80, but then splits off and heads toward [[South Lake Tahoe, California|South Lake Tahoe]] as the El Dorado Freeway. A sign at the eastern terminus of US 50 in [[Ocean City, Maryland]], gives the distance to Sacramento as {{convert|3073|mi|km}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dildine|first=Dave|title=How did that Sacramento road sign end up in Ocean City?|publisher=WTOP-FM|location=Washington, DC|date=November 27, 2017|url=https://wtop.com/dc-transit/2017/11/ocean-city-not-long-road-ahead/|access-date=January 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111173529/https://wtop.com/dc-transit/2017/11/ocean-city-not-long-road-ahead/|archive-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> [[File:Guy West Bridge (5248634716) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Guy West Bridge]] is a pedestrian and cyclist crossing over the [[American River]], connecting [[California State University, Sacramento]] to the Campus Commons neighborhood.]] [[Interstate 5 (California)|Interstate 5]] (I-5) runs through Sacramento, heads north up to [[Redding, California|Redding]], and then heads south near the western edge of the [[California Central Valley]] towards Los Angeles. [[California State Route 99|California State Highway 99]] runs through Sacramento, heading closer to the eastern edge of the Central Valley, connecting to [[Marysville, California|Marysville]] and [[Yuba City, California|Yuba City]] in the north, and [[Fresno]] and [[Bakersfield]] in the south. [[California State Route 160|California State Highway 160]] approaches the city after running along the [[Sacramento River]] from [[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa County]] in the south and then becomes a major city street in [[Downtown Sacramento]] before turning into the North Sacramento Freeway, going over the [[American River]] to Business 80. Some Sacramento neighborhoods, such as Downtown Sacramento and [[Midtown Sacramento]] are very bicycle friendly as are many other communities in the region. As a result of litigation, Sacramento has undertaken to make all city facilities and sidewalks wheelchair accessible. In an effort to preserve its urban neighborhoods, Sacramento has constructed [[Traffic calming|traffic-calming]] measures in many areas. === Rail service === [[File:Sacramento Valley Station (cropped2).JPG|thumb|The historic [[Sacramento Valley Rail Station]], utilized by [[Amtrak California]], is a gateway to the [[Sacramento Valley]].]] [[Amtrak]] provides passenger rail service to the city of Sacramento. The [[Sacramento Valley Rail Station]] is on the corner of 5th and I streets near the historic Old Town Sacramento and underwent extensive renovations in 2007. The station serves as a [[Sacramento RT Light Rail|Sacramento Regional Transit District Light Rail]] terminus. [[Amtrak California]] operates the ''[[Capitol Corridor (Amtrak)|Capitol Corridor]]'', a multiple-frequency service providing service from the capital city to its northeastern suburbs and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-25 |title= |url=http://www.amtrakcapitols.com/included/docs/ccjpa/businessplan_0704.pdf |access-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225151236/http://www.amtrakcapitols.com/included/docs/ccjpa/businessplan_0704.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref> Sacramento is the northern terminus of the [[Amtrak California]] ''[[San Joaquins]]'' route which provides direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to California's Central Valley as far as [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]]; [[Amtrak Thruway]] connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to [[Southern California]] and Southern [[Nevada]]. An additional service under this banner is expected to be routed through Midtown in 2020.<ref name=ModestoACE /> Sacramento is a stop along Amtrak's ''[[Coast Starlight]]'' route which provides scenic service to [[Seattle]] via [[Klamath Falls, Oregon|Klamath Falls]] and [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] to the north and Los Angeles via [[San Luis Obispo, California|San Luis Obispo]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] to the south. [[File:Sacramento WP station, October 2006.jpg|thumb|right|The historic [[Sacramento station (Western Pacific Railroad)|Sacramento Western Pacific station]] was served by the ''[[California Zephyr (1949–1970)|California Zephyr]]'' until 1970.]] Amtrak's ''[[California Zephyr]]'' serves Sacramento daily and provides service to the east serving [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]], [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake]], [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]], [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], and intermediate cities. [[Sacramento Valley Station]] provides numerous Amtrak Thruway routes. One route serves the cities of [[Marysville, California|Marysville]], [[Oroville, California|Oroville]], [[Chico, California|Chico]], [[Corning, California|Corning]], [[Red Bluff, California|Red Bluff]], and [[Redding, California|Redding]] with additional service to [[Yreka, California|Yreka]] and even [[Medford, Oregon]]. A second serves the cities of [[Roseville, California|Roseville]], [[Rocklin, California|Rocklin]], [[Auburn, California|Auburn]], [[Colfax, California|Colfax]], [[Truckee, California|Truckee]], Reno, and [[Sparks, Nevada|Sparks]]. The third and final Amtrak Thruway route serves [[Placerville, California|Placerville]], [[Lake Tahoe]], [[Stateline, Nevada|Stateline]] Casinos, and [[Carson City, Nevada]]. Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day. Sacramento has the second busiest Amtrak station in California and the seventh busiest in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/statefactsheets/CALIFORNIA17.pdf |title=Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2017 – State of California |publisher=Amtrak |date=November 2017 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050923/https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/statefactsheets/CALIFORNIA17.pdf |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Altamont Corridor Express]] [[commuter rail]] service is expected to be routed through Sacramento in 2020.<ref name=ModestoACE>{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=John|title=Expanded train service coming to Modesto, Merced; what it means for commuters|url=https://www.modbee.com/news/article209941964.html|access-date=April 28, 2018|agency=Modesto Bee|date=April 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804083744/https://www.modbee.com/news/article209941964.html|archive-date=August 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> This service will utilize the [[Union Pacific]]'s [[Sacramento Subdivision]], the route of the original ''California Zephyr'', where additional passenger capacity is available.<ref name=NewService>{{cite news|last1=Bizjak|first1=Tony|title=Catch an Amtrak toward L.A. from midtown Sacramento? Train officials propose new service.|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article177028481.html|access-date=May 7, 2018|agency=Sacramento Bee|date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614045124/http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article177028481.html|archive-date=June 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sacramento is expected to serve as the northern terminus of the [[California High-Speed Rail]] system. === Airport === [[File:Sacramento Airport, Sacramento, California LCCN2013633188.tif|thumb|[[Sacramento International Airport]]]] [[Sacramento International Airport]] {{Airport codes|SMF|KSMF|SMF}} is a public [[airport]] {{convert|10|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} northwest of downtown Sacramento, in [[Sacramento County, California]]. [[Southwest Airlines]] is the dominant passenger airline with more than 104 daily flights to 25 cities across the US.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Fact Sheets |url=http://swamedia.com/ |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=Southwest Airlines Newsroom |language=en}}</ref> Other airlines include [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[United Airlines|United]], [[Spirit Airlines]], [[American Airlines]] and [[Alaska Airlines]]. The airport handles flights to and from various US destinations (including Hawaii) as well as Mexico, Canada and connecting flights to Europe, Asia, and South America, and served more than 13 million passengers in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sacramento.aero/download.php?f=/January_2022_Web_Report.pdf|website=Sacramento County|title=Passenger Statistics |access-date=February 22, 2022}}</ref> The airport is well known for the {{convert|56|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} red aluminum rabbit titled "Leap" by [[Lawrence Argent]] in Terminal B.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article3498199.html|title=Sacramento airport's big red rabbit means business – really|work=The Sacramento Bee|access-date=November 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015624/http://www.sacbee.com/news/business/article3498199.html|archive-date=November 17, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> === Transit === [[File:Sacramento CAF-built LRV 228 on K St at 7th Ave in 2006.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Sacramento RT Light Rail]]]] The city and its suburbs are served by [[Sacramento Regional Transit District]], which ranks as [[List of United States Light Rail systems by ridership|the eleventh busiest in the United States]]. Sac RT is a bus and light-rail system, with 274 buses and 76 light-rail vehicles providing service for 58,200 daily passengers. The three light-rail lines (Blue, Gold, & Green) is a {{convert|42.9|mi|abbr=on}} system with 54 stations. The Gold Line was extended east as far as the city of [[Folsom, California|Folsom]], and more recently the Blue Line was extended south from Meadowview Rd to [[Cosumnes River College]]. Sacramento's light rail system goes to the [[Sacramento Valley Rail Station]], [[Cosumnes River College (Sacramento RT)|Cosumnes River College Station]] in south Sacramento, and north to Watt/I-80 where [[I-80]] and Business 80 meeting. The light-rail Blue & Gold Lines have 15-minute weekday headways and 30-minute weekday evening and weekend/holiday headways; the Green Line has 30-minute weekday headways and no weekend service. Route 142 is an express bus line to/from [[Downtown Sacramento|downtown]] to Sacramento International Airport.<ref name="Bus Route Webpage">{{cite web|title=142 - INTERNATIONAL |url=https://www.sacrt.com/schedules/current/routes/R142.htm |website=Sacramento Regional Transit |publisher=Sacramento Regional Transit District |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401204841/http://www.sacrt.com/schedules/current/routes/R142.htm |archive-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> There are expansion plans to extend the Green Line to the [[Sacramento International Airport|airport]] and the Blue Line to the City of [[Roseville, California|Roseville]] through the City of [[Citrus Heights, California|Citrus Heights]]. [[Yolobus]] provides bus service to [[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]] and [[Yolo County, California|Yolo County]]. [[File:Delta King.JPG|thumb|[[Old Sacramento]]'s riverfront docks]] [[Greyhound Lines]] provides intercity bus service to Portland, Reno, Los Angeles, and San Francisco from its new station along Richards Boulevard. Intercity bus service to San Francisco and [[Sparks, Nevada]] is offered by [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2012/12/11/low-cost-megabuscom-launches-service.html |title=Low-cost Megabus.com gets service rolling Wednesday |publisher=bizjournals.com |date=December 11, 2012 |access-date=January 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118090730/http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/news/2012/12/11/low-cost-megabuscom-launches-service.html |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bicycling]] is an increasingly popular transportation mode in Sacramento, which enjoys a mild climate and flat terrain. Bicycling is especially common in the older neighborhoods of Sacramento's center, such as Alkali Flat, [[Midtown Sacramento|Midtown]], McKinley Park, [[Land Park]], and [[East Sacramento]]. Many employees who work downtown commute by bicycle from suburban communities on a dedicated bicycle path on the [[American River Parkway]]. Sacramento was designated as a Silver Level Bicycle Friendly Community by the [[League of American Bicyclists]] in September 2006. The advocacy organization [[Sacramento Area Bicycle Advocates]] co-sponsors the Sacramento Area Council of Governments' May is Bike Month campaign. Rideshare companies such as [[Lime (transportation company)|Lime]], [[Bird (transportation company)|Bird]], and [[Helbiz]] have introduced up to 4,000 electric-powered scooters and bikes in Downtown Sacramento for residents to rent as a faster and alternative way to get around the city. Sacramento ranks second worldwide in ride sharable, with ridership totaling 1 million riders in 8 months.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sacramentocityexpress.com/2020/02/07/sacramento-ranks-second-only-to-paris-in-this-category-and-its-not-about-trees/|title=Sacramento ranks second only to paris in this category (and it's not about trees) |last=Information Officer |first=Public |date=February 7, 2020 |website=Sacramento City Express |access-date=February 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article243788927.html|title=Electric Scooters are now back on Sacramento streets for rental. But bring your wipes |last=Bizjak |first=Tony |date=July 5, 2020 |website=The Sacramento Bee |access-date=February 22, 2022}}</ref> There is a commuter bus service from Yolo County on [[Yolobus]], from Solano County on [[Fairfield and Suisun Transit|FAST]], on two bus lines from [[Yuba County, California|Yuba County]]'s [[Yuba Sutter Transit]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yubasuttertransit.com/cmroutes.htm |title=Commuter and Midday Express Services |publisher=Yuba Sutter Transit |access-date=November 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331075812/http://www.yubasuttertransit.com/cmroutes.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2013}}</ref> from [[Amador County, California|Amador]] Transit's Sacramento Line,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amadortransit.com/site/pages/sacramento_bus_route.cgi|title=Amador Transit Route 1: Sacramento|publisher=Amador Transit|access-date=November 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909153838/http://amadortransit.com/site/pages/sacramento_bus_route.cgi|archive-date=September 9, 2011}}</ref> on [[Placer County Transit]]'s Auburn to Light Rail Line,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.placer.ca.gov/Departments/Works/Transit/PCT.aspx|title=Placer County Transit (PCT)|publisher=City of Placer|access-date=March 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014092936/http://www.placer.ca.gov/Departments/Works/Transit/PCT.aspx|archive-date=October 14, 2008}}</ref> and from [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]] on several [[San Joaquin Regional Transit District|SMART]] bus lines. == Notable people == {{See also|List of people from Sacramento}} == International relations == [[File: Stanford_Mansion_(Sacramento,_California).jpg|thumb|right|[[Leland Stanford Mansion|Stanford Mansion]] is the official reception center for the [[Government of California|Californian government]] and one of the workplaces of the [[Governor of California]].]] As of 2023, the City of Sacramento has 14 [[Sister city|sister cities]]. They are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Sacramento,%20California |publisher=Sister Cities International |title=Sacramento, California |access-date=February 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221201153/http://sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Sacramento%2C%20California |archive-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! City ! Date of partnership |- | {{flagu|Israel}} | [[Ashkelon]] | August 15, 2012 |- | {{flagu|Palestine}} | [[Bethlehem]] | December 15, 2009 |- | {{flagu|Moldova}} | [[Chişinău]]<ref name="Chișinău twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=526|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903122220/http://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=526|title=Oraşe înfrăţite (Twin cities of Minsk) ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher=Primăria Municipiului Chişinău|archive-date=September 3, 2012 |access-date=July 21, 2013|language=ro}}</ref> | December 12, 1989 |- | {{flagu|New Zealand}} | [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] | December 6, 1988 |- | {{flagu|China}} | [[Jinan]], [[Shandong]] | October 16, 1984 |- | {{flagu|Switzerland}} | [[Liestal]] | March 21, 1989 |- | {{flagu|Philippines}} | [[Manila]] | June 8, 1961 |- | {{flagu|Japan}} | [[Matsuyama]], [[Ehime]] | March 17, 1981 |- | {{flagu|Mexico}} | [[Mexicali]] | September 26, 2013 |- | {{flagu|Philippines}} | [[Pasay]] | February 28, 2006 |- | {{flagu|Nicaragua}} | [[San Juan de Oriente]] | February 28, 2006 |- | {{flagu|South Korea}} | [[Yongsan-gu]], [[Seoul]] | July 22, 1997 |- | {{flagu|Spain}} | [[Valencia]] | July 12, 1990 |- | {{flagu|Ukraine}} | [[Sumy]] | August 2023 |} == See also == {{Portal|California|United States|Cities}} *[[List of mayors of Sacramento, California]] *[[List of people from Sacramento, California]] *[[Northern California Megaregion]] == Explanatory notes == {{Notelist|refs= <!-- {{efn|name="Strange field expl"|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.}} --> }} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{sister project links|voy=Sacramento}} *{{Official website|http://www.cityofsacramento.org/}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406173128/http://www.sacramentocvb.org/ Official tourism website] from the Sacramento Convention and Visitors Bureau *[[localwiki:sac|Sacramento Wiki]] {{Geographic Location |Center = Sacramento |North = [[Rio Linda, California|Rio Linda]] |Northeast = [[North Highlands, California|North Highlands]], [[Arden-Arcade, California|Arden-Arcade]] |East = [[Arden-Arcade, California|Arden-Arcade]], [[La Riviera, California|La Riviera]], [[Rosemont, California|Rosemont]] |Southeast = [[Elk Grove, California|Elk Grove]], [[Vineyard, California|Vineyard]] |South = [[Laguna, Sacramento County, California|Laguna]], [[Parkway-South Sacramento, California|Parkway-South Sacramento]] |Southwest = [[Yolo County, California|Yolo County]] ([[Clarksburg, California|Clarksburg]]), [[Laguna, Sacramento County, California|Laguna]] |West = [[Yolo County, California|Yolo County]] ([[West Sacramento, California|West Sacramento]]) |Northwest = [[Yolo County, California|Yolo County]] |image = }} {{Sacramento}} {{Navboxes|list1= {{Sacramento County, California}} {{Greater Sacramento}} {{Sacramento Valley}} {{California county seats}} {{California}} {{United States state capitals|color={{California/color}}}} }} {{Portal bar|California}} {{USPopulousCities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Sacramento, California| ]] [[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]] [[Category:Cities in Sacramento County, California]] [[Category:Cities in Sacramento metropolitan area]] [[Category:County seats in California]] [[Category:Geography of the Sacramento Valley]] [[Category:Populated places on the Sacramento River]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1839]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1850]] [[Category:1850 establishments in California]] [[Category:Railway towns in California]] [[Category:State capitals in the United States]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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