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Do not fill this in! {{Short description|Capital city of Saskatchewan, Canada}} {{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Regina | native_name = | official_name = City of Regina | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Saskatchewan|City]] | image_skyline = Regina Montage 2020.1.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = From top, left to right: Downtown Regina skyline, [[Victoria Park, Regina|Victoria Park]], [[Saskatchewan Legislative Building]], [[Prince Edward Building]], [[Dr. John Archer Library]] the [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]]. | image_flag = Flag of Regina.svg | image_shield = Coat of arms of Regina, Saskatchewan.svg | image_blank_emblem = City of Regina Logo.png | blank_emblem_type = Logo | nickname = [[List of city nicknames in Canada#Saskatchewan|"The Queen City"]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgkids.ca/cgkids/tv/season5/503.asp|title=Canadian Geographic Kids!|work=cgkids.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207014200/http://www.cgkids.ca/cgkids/tv/season5/503.asp|archive-date=7 December 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | motto = ''Floreat Regina''<br>("May Regina Flourish")<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1601&ProjectElementID=5359|publisher=The Governor General of Canada|title=City of Regina|access-date=2020-08-15}}</ref> | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Canada Saskatchewan#Canada<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Saskatchewan##Location within Canada | coordinates = {{coord|50|27|17|N|104|36|24|W|region:CA-SK|notes=<ref name=CGNDBE>{{CGNDB |id=HAIMP |name=Regina}}</ref>|display=inline,title}} | named_for = [[Latin]] for "queen", named for [[Queen Victoria]] | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Saskatchewan]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan|Rural municipality]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Rural Municipality of Sherwood No. 159|Sherwood]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1882 | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Regina, Saskatchewan|City Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Sandra Masters]]<ref>[https://www.regina.ca/city-government/city-council/mayors-office/ Office of the Mayor]</ref> | leader_title1 = Governing body | leader_name1 = [[Regina City Council]] {{Collapsible list |title = List of City Councillors |title_style = |list_style = |1=Cheryl Stadnichuk, Ward 1 |2=Bob Hawkins, Ward 2 |3=Andrew Stevens, Ward 3 |4=Lori Bresciani, Ward 4 |5=John Findura, Ward 5 |6=Daniel LeBlanc, Ward 6 |7=Terina Nelson, Ward 7 |8=Shanon Zachidniak, Ward 8 |9=Jason Mancinelli, Ward 9 |10=Landon Mohl, Ward 10 }} | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 178.81 | area_total_sq_mi = 69.04 | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 4323.66 | area_metro_sq_mi = 1669.37 | elevation_m = 577 | elevation_ft = 1893 | population_total = 226,404 ([[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|Ranked 24th]]) | population_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 1266.2 | population_density_sq_mi = 3279.32 | population_urban = | population_metro = 249,217 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|Ranked 18th]]) | population_density_metro_km2 = 57.6<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-07-13 |title=Focus on Geography Series, 2021 Census - Regina (Census subdivision) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/as-sa/fogs-spg/page.cfm?lang=E&topic=1&dguid=2021A00054706027 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | population_density_metro_sq_mi = 149.3 | population_demonym = Reginan | population_note = <!-- GDP --------------> | demographics_type2 = Gross Metropolitan Product | demographics2_title1 = Regina {{Abbr|CMA|Census metropolitan area}} | demographics2_info1 = [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]17.5{{nbsp}}billion (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistics Canada. Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000)|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2019&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2020&referencePeriods=20190101%2C20200101|website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]] | postal_code = [[List of S postal codes of Canada|S4K – S4Z]] | area_code = [[Area codes 306, 639, and 474|306, 639, and 474]] | website = {{Official URL}} | footnotes = | unemployment_rate = | leader_title2 = [[House of Commons of Canada|MPs]] | leader_title3 = [[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan|MLAs]] | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MPs |title_style = |list_style = |1=[[Michael Kram]] ([[Conservative party of canada|CPC]]) |2=[[Andrew Scheer]] ([[Conservative Party of Canada|CPC]]) |3=[[Warren Steinley]] ([[Conservative party of canada|CPC]]) }} | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MLAs |title_style = |list_style = |1=[[Carla Beck]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |2=[[Noor Burki]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |3=[[Jared Clarke]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |4=[[Meara Conway]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |5=[[Muhammad Fiaz]] ([[Saskatchewan Party|SKP]]) |6=[[Gary Grewal]] ([[Saskatchewan Party|SKP]]) |7=[[Gene Makowsky]] ([[Saskatchewan Party|SKP]]) |8=[[Laura Ross (politician)|Laura Ross]] ([[Saskatchewan Party|SKP]]) |9=[[Nicole Sarauer]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |10=[[Christine Tell]] ([[Saskatchewan Party|SKP]]) |11=[[Trent Wotherspoon]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) |12=[[Aleana Young]] ([[Saskatchewan New Democratic Party|NDP]]) }} | timezone_link = Time in Saskatchewan | timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset = −06:00 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map | blank_info = {{Canada NTS Map Sheet|72|I|7}} | blank1_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code | blank1_info = HAIMP<ref>{{Cite cgndb |id = HAIMP |name = Regina}}</ref> }} '''Regina''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ɪ|ˈ|dʒ|aɪ|n|ə}} {{respell|ri|JEYE|nə}}) is the capital city of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Saskatchewan]]. The city is the second-largest in the province, after [[Saskatoon]], and is a commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. As of the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], Regina had a [[List of cities in Saskatchewan|city]] population of 226,404, and a [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|Metropolitan Area]] population of 249,217.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-02-09 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Regina [Census metropolitan area], Saskatchewan |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-02-09 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Regina, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> It is governed by [[Regina City Council]]. The city is surrounded by the [[Rural Municipality of Sherwood No. 159]]. Regina was [[History of Northwest Territories capital cities|previously the seat of government]] of the [[Northwest Territories|North-West Territories]], of which the current provinces of Saskatchewan and [[Alberta]] originally formed part, and of the [[District of Assiniboia]]. The site was previously called Wascana (from {{lang-cr|ᐅᐢᑲᓇ|Oskana}} "Buffalo Bones"), but was renamed to Regina (Latin for "Queen") in 1882 in honour of [[Queen Victoria]]. This decision was made by Queen Victoria's daughter [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]], who was the wife of the [[Governor General of Canada]], the [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|Marquess of Lorne]].<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html Daria Coneghan, "Regina," The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429215846/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html |date=29 April 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> Unlike other [[planned cities]] in the [[Western Canada|Canadian West]], on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, [[Wascana Creek]]. Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a [[Wascana Lake|decorative lake]] to the south of the central business district with a dam a block and a half west of the later elaborate {{cvt|260|m}} long [[Albert Memorial Bridge (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Albert Street Bridge]]<ref name="inventory">{{cite web|last=Herrington|first=Ross|title=Saskatchewan Road and Railway Bridges to 1950: Inventory|publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport|date=31 March 2007|url=http://www.tpcs.gov.sk.ca/BridgeInventory|access-date=4 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716150150/http://www.tpcs.gov.sk.ca/BridgeInventory|archive-date=16 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> across the new lake. Regina's importance was further secured when the new province of Saskatchewan designated the city its capital in 1906.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html Coneghan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429215846/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html |date=29 April 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> [[Wascana Centre]], created around the focal point of Wascana Lake, remains one of Regina's attractions and contains the [[Saskatchewan Legislative Building|Provincial Legislative Building]], both campuses of the [[University of Regina]], [[First Nations University of Canada]], the [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]], the Regina Conservatory (in the original [[University of Regina|Regina College]] buildings), the [[Saskatchewan Science Centre]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sasksciencecentre.com/|title=Saskatchewan Science Centre website|publisher=Sasksciencecentre.com|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328105641/http://www.sasksciencecentre.com/|archive-date=28 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[MacKenzie Art Gallery]] and the [[Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts]]. [[Regina, Saskatchewan neighbourhoods|Residential neighbourhoods]] include [[Regina's historic buildings and precincts|precincts]] beyond the historic city centre are historically or socially noteworthy neighbourhoods – namely [[Lakeview, Regina|Lakeview]] and The Crescents, both of which lie directly south of downtown. Immediately to the north of the central business district is the old [[warehouse district]], increasingly the focus of shopping, nightclubs and residential development;<ref>[http://www.oldwarehousedistrict.com/ Regina's Old Warehouse District.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717014257/http://www.oldwarehousedistrict.com/ |date=17 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> as in other western cities of North America, the periphery contains shopping malls and [[Big-box store|big box stores]]. In 1912, the [[Regina Cyclone]] destroyed much of the town;<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_cyclone.html Dagmar Skamlová, "Regina Cyclone," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826181842/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_cyclone.html |date=26 August 2011 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> in the 1930s, the [[Regina Riot]] brought further attention and, in the midst of the 1930s drought and [[Great Depression]], which hit the Canadian Prairies particularly hard with their economic focus on dry land grain farming.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/agronomy.html Steven J. Shirtliffe, "Agronomy," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022109/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/agronomy.html |date=7 October 2017 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> The [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation|CCF]] (now the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|NDP]], a major left-wing political party in Canada), formulated its foundation [[Regina Manifesto]] of 1933 in Regina.<ref>[http://www.socialisthistory.ca/Docs/CCF/ReginaManifesto.htm "The Regina Manifesto (1933)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210165130/http://www.socialisthistory.ca/Docs/CCF/ReginaManifesto.htm |date=10 December 2007 }} Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Programme, Adopted by the founding convention in Regina, Saskatchewan, July 1933." ''Socialist History Project''. South Branch Publishing. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> In 2007 Saskatchewan's agricultural and mineral resources came into new demand, and Saskatchewan was described as entering a new period of strong economic growth.<ref>[http://www.rbc.com/newsroom/pdf/20070330economic-sk.pdf "Saskatchewan Poised for Strong Economic Growth Says RBC Economics," Royal Bank of Canada Financial Group, March 30, 2007.]. Retrieved 11 December 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218001841/http://www.rbc.com/newsroom/pdf/20070330economic-sk.pdf |date=18 December 2008 }}</ref> ==History== {{Main|History of Regina}} {{For timeline|Timeline of Regina history}} ===Early history (1882–1945)=== Regina was established as the territorial seat of government in 1882 when [[Edgar Dewdney]], the [[lieutenant-governor]] of the [[North-West Territories]], insisted on the site over the better developed [[Battleford]], [[Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan|Troy]] and [[Fort Qu'Appelle]] (the latter some {{cvt|30|mi|order=flip}} to the east, one on rolling plains and the other in the Qu'Appelle Valley between two lakes). These communities were considered better locations for what was anticipated to be a [[metropole]] for the Canadian plains. These locations had ample access to water and resided on treed rolling parklands. "Pile-of-Bones", as the site for Regina was then called (or, in Cree, {{lang|cr|ᐅᐢᑲᓇ ᑳᐊᓵᐢᑌᑭ}} ''Oskana kâ-asastêki''),<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html Daria Coneghan, "Regina," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429215846/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html |date=29 April 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Oskana kâ-asastêki |url=https://itwewina.altlab.app/word/oskana_kâ-asastêki/ |website=Itwêwina Plains Cree dictionary |publisher=Alberta Language Technology Lab |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History - Land Acknowledgement |url=https://mackenzie.art/about/history/ |website=MacKenzie Art Gallery |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> was by contrast located in arid and featureless grassland. Lieutenant-Governor [[Edgar Dewdney|Dewdney]] had acquired land adjacent to the route of the future CPR line at Pile-of-Bones, which was distinguished only by collections of bison bones near a small spring run-off creek, some few kilometres downstream from its origin in the midst of what are now wheat fields. There was an "obvious conflict of interest" in Dewdney's choosing the site of Pile-of-Bones as the territorial seat of government<ref>After his term as Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories, Dewdney was again elected to Parliament and served as the member for Assiniboia East (now southeastern Saskatchewan) from 1888 to 1891. During this period he also served as minister of the Interior and superintendent of Indian Affairs. In 1892 he was appointed to the now non-executive post of Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. He served in this post until 1897. He retired from politics in 1900 after unsuccessfully running for Parliament in New Westminster, British Columbia</ref> and it was a national scandal at the time.<ref>Pierre Berton, ''The Last Spike: The Great Railway 1881–1885'' (Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1973), 120</ref> But until 1897, when [[responsible government]] was accomplished in the Territories,<ref>David J. Hall, [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-territories-1870-1905/ "North-West Territories"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925040622/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-territories-1870-1905/ |date=25 September 2017 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 19 November 2007.</ref> the lieutenant-governor and council governed by fiat and there was little legitimate means of challenging such decisions outside the federal capital of [[Ottawa]]. There, the Territories were remote and of little concern. [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll]], wife of the then [[Governor General of Canada]], named the new community ''Regina'', in honour of her mother, [[Queen Victoria]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=Archer| first=John H.| title=Regina: A Royal City| journal=Monarchy Canada Magazine| volume=Spring 1996| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| year=1996| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/regina.htm| access-date=30 June 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209220023/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/regina.htm| archive-date=9 February 2008| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Commercial considerations prevailed and the town's authentic development soon began as a collection of wooden shanties and tent shacks clustered around the site designated by the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|CPR]] for its future station, some {{cvt|2|mi|order=flip}} to the east of where Dewdney had reserved substantial landholdings for himself and where he sited the Territorial (now the Saskatchewan) [[Government House (Saskatchewan)|Government House]].<ref>Pierre Berton, ''The Last Spike: The Great Railway 1881–1885'' (Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1973), pp.121–23)</ref> [[File:CourtHouseLouisRielTrial.jpg|thumb|left|The Regina Court House during [[Louis Riel]]'s trial in 1885. He was brought to Regina following the [[North-West Rebellion]].]] Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the [[North-West Rebellion]] when troops were mostly able to be transported by train on the CPR from eastern Canada as far as [[Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan|Qu'Appelle Station]],<ref>Berton, 379. Qu'Appelle Station had been founded as Troy in 1882, was renamed Qu'Appelle Station in 1884 when the CPR arrived, again renamed South Qu'Appelle in 1902 and as Qu'Appelle 1911. See [[Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan]] and [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.html David McLennon, "Qu'Appelle, ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730044128/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.html |date=30 July 2017 }}. Retrieved 13 July 2007.</ref> before marching to the battlefield in the further Northwest – Qu'Appelle having been the major debarkation and distribution centre until 1890 when the completion of the Qu’Appelle, Long Lake, and Saskatchewan Railway linked Regina with [[Saskatoon]] and [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan|Prince Albert]].<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.htmlDavid McLennon, "Qu'Appelle, ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105416/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.htmlDavid |date=4 March 2016 }}. Retrieved 13 July 2007.</ref> Subsequently, the rebellion's leader, [[Louis Riel]], was tried and hanged in Regina – giving the infant community increased and, at the time, not unwelcome national attention in connection with a figure who was generally at the time considered an unalloyed villain in anglophone Canada.<ref>Maggie Siggins, ''Riel: A Life of Revolution'' (Toronto: HarperCollins, 1994), 447.</ref> The episode, including Riel's imprisonment, trial and execution, brought the new Regina [[Leader-Post|''Leader'']] (later the ''Leader-Post'') to national prominence. Regina was incorporated as a city on 19 June 1903, with the MLA who introduced the charter bill, [[James B. Hawkes|James Hawkes]], declaring, "Regina has the brightest future before it of any place in the North West Territories".<ref>Mein, Lillian; Mein, Stewart (eds), ''Regina, The Street Where You Live: The Origins of Regina Street Names'', 1979, Regina Public Library</ref> Several years later the city was proclaimed the capital of the 1905 province of Saskatchewan on 23 May 1906, by the first provincial government, led by Premier [[Thomas Walter Scott|Walter Scott]]; the monumental [[Saskatchewan Legislative Building]] was built between 1908 and 1912. [[File:Damage to buildings on Lorne St. after cyclone.jpg|thumb|left|In June 1912, a [[tornado]] locally referred to as the [[Regina Cyclone]] devastated the city. The tornado remains the deadliest recorded tornado in Canadian history.]] The "[[Regina Cyclone]]" was a tornado that devastated the city on 30 June 1912 and remains the deadliest tornado in Canadian history, with a total of 28 fatalities, the population of the city having been 30,213 in 1911. Green funnel clouds formed and touched down south of the city, tearing a swath through the residential area between Wascana Lake and Victoria Avenue, continuing through the downtown business district, rail yards, warehouse district, and northern residential area. From 1920 to 1926 Regina used [[Single transferable vote]] (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councillors. Councillors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter cast just a single vote, using a ranked transferable ballot.<ref>Grofman, Elections in Australia, Ireland and Malta Using STV</ref> Regina grew rapidly until the beginning of the [[Great Depression]], in 1929, though only to a small fraction of the originally anticipated population explosion as population centre of the new province. By this time, Saskatchewan was considered the third province of Canada<ref>[http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0501cfen.htm Kevin Avram, "A tale of two provinces," ''Farmers for economic freedom: Updates from the Prairie Centre/Centre for Prairie Agriculture in Regina, Saskatchewan.'' May 21, 2001.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228012220/http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0501cfen.htm |date=28 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> in both population and economic indicators. Thereafter, Saskatchewan never recovered its early promise and Regina's growth slowed and at times reversed.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} In 1933, Regina hosted the first national convention [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (predecessor of the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|NDP]]). At the convention, the CCF adopted a programme known as the [[Regina Manifesto]], which set out the new party's goals.<ref>J.T. Morley, [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/co-operative-commonwealth-federation/ "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920083519/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/co-operative-commonwealth-federation/ |date=20 September 2017 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 18 November 2007.</ref> In 1935, Regina gained notoriety for the Regina Riot, an incident of the [[On-to-Ottawa Trek]]. (See [[History of Regina, Saskatchewan|The Depression, the CCF and the Regina Riot]].) Beginning in the 1930s, Regina became known as a centre of considerable political activism and experimentation as its people sought to adjust to new, reduced economic realities, including the co-operative movement and medicare. ===Modern history (1945–present)=== [[File:Regina Met and Army & Navy 1965.jpg|thumb|A [[trolleybus]] on Broad Street in 1965. The movie theatre and department store were later demolished. Regina saw a number of buildings demolished from 1945 to the 1970s.]] The disappearance of the [[Simpson's]], [[Eaton's]] and [[Army & Navy Stores (Canada)|Army & Navy]] retail department stores in or near the central business district<ref>latterly deemed "Market Square," and not to be confused with the historic Market Square, the site of the [[Regina Riot]] on what is now the location of the Regina City Police Station). [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/on-to-ottawa_trek_and_the_regina_riot.html Bill Waiser, "On-to-Ottawa Trek and the Regina Riot," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927110738/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/on-to-ottawa_trek_and_the_regina_riot.html |date=27 September 2017 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> and [[Simpsons-Sears]] to the north on Broad Street, left only the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] as a large department store in Regina-centre. This, with the proliferation of shopping malls beginning in the 1960s and "[[big box store]]s" in the 1990s on the periphery, together with a corresponding drift of entertainment venues (and all but one downtown cinema) to the city outskirts, had depleted the city centre. The former [[Hudson's Bay (retailer)|Hudson's Bay Company]] department store (previously the site of the Regina Theatre though long vacant after that burned to the ground) has been converted into offices; [[Globe Theatre, Regina|Globe Theatre]], located in the [[Prince Edward Building (Regina)|old Post Office]] building at 11th Avenue and Scarth Street, [[Casino Regina]] and its show lounge in the former CPR train station, the [[Cornwall Centre (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Cornwall Centre]] and downtown restaurants now draw people downtown again. Many buildings of significance and value were lost during the period from 1945 through approximately 1970: Knox [[United Church of Canada|United Church]] was demolished in 1951; the [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque Revival]] city hall in 1964 (the failed shopping mall which replaced it is now office space for the [[Government of Canada]]<ref>[http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/db/text/archives/2002/fall2002/article006-e.html Public Works and Government Services Canada, "Revitalizing Downtown Regina" (Fall 2002).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419021507/http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/db/text/archives/2002/fall2002/article006-e.html |date=19 April 2005 }}</ref>) and the 1894 [[Supreme Court of Saskatchewan|Supreme Court of the North-West Territories]] building at Hamilton Street and Victoria Avenue in 1965. [[File:Wascana Lake from the Legislative building in the 70s.jpg|thumb|left|[[Wascana Centre]] in 1970, eight years after it was established]] In 1962 [[Wascana Centre|Wascana Centre Authority]] was established to govern the sprawling 50-year-old, {{cvt|2300|acre|order=flip}} [[Urban parks in Canada|urban park]] and legislative grounds. A 100-year plan was developed by World Trade Centre Architect [[Minoru Yamasaki]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GON/GON001G.htm|title=The Work of Minoru Yamasaki|last=Fletcher|first=Tom|date=1 December 2018|website=New York Architecture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317103511/http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GON/GON001G.htm|archive-date=17 March 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> and landscape architect [[Thomas Church (landscape architect)|Thomas Church]], as part of developing a new University of Saskatchewan campus in the southeast end of the park. The master plan has been subsequently revised every five to seven years since, most recently in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wascana.ca/about-us/wc-master-plan|title=Wascana Centre Master Plan|date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201183342/http://wascana.ca/about-us/wc-master-plan|archive-date=1 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wascana Centre]] has made Regina as enjoyable and fulfilling for residents as it had long been the "[[metropole]]" for farmers and residents of small neighbouring towns. Despite the setting, improbable though it always was compared with other more likely sites for the capitol, the efforts' results were favourable.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} The long-imperilled [[Government House (Saskatchewan)|Government House]] was saved in 1981 after decades of neglect and returned to viceregal use,<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/government_house.html Michael Jackson, "Government House," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112182744/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/government_house.html |date=12 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> the former Anglican diocesan property at Broad Street and College Avenue is being redeveloped with strict covenants to maintain the integrity of the diocesan buildings and St Chad's School<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/anglican_church_of_canada.html Trevor Powell, "Anglican Church of Canada," in ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109215547/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/anglican_church_of_canada.html |date=9 November 2016 }}. Retrieved 18 October 2007.</ref> and the former Sacred Heart Academy building<ref>Recalled though not explicitly named by [[Erika Ritter]] in her humorous memoir ''Ritter in Residence''.</ref> immediately adjacent to the [[Holy Rosary Cathedral (Regina)|Roman Catholic Cathedral]] has been converted into townhouses. Recently older buildings have been put to new uses, including the old Normal School on the Regina College campus of the University of Regina (now the [[Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios]]) and the old Post Office on the Scarth Street Mall. [[Regina's historic buildings and precincts#The warehouse district|The Warehouse District]], immediately adjacent to the central business district to the north of the CPR line, has become a desirable commercial and residential precinct as historic warehouses have been converted to retail, nightclubs and residential use. ==Geography== The city is situated on a broad, flat, treeless plain. There is an abundance of parks and greenspaces: all of its trees — some 300,000<ref name="Coneghan">Coneghan.</ref> — shrubs and other plants were hand-planted.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html "Regina," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429215846/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina.html |date=29 April 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> As in other prairie cities, [[American elm]]s were planted in front yards in residential neighbourhoods and on boulevards along major traffic arteries and are the dominant species in the urban forest. In recent years the pattern of primary and high school grounds being acreages of prairie sports grounds has been re-thought and such grounds have been landscaped with artificial hills and parks. Newer residential subdivisions in the northwest and southeast have, instead of spring runoff storm sewers, decorative landscaped lagoons. The streetscape is now endangered by [[Dutch elm disease]], which has spread through North America from the eastern seaboard and has now reached the Canadian prairies; for the time being it is controlled by pest management programs and species not susceptible to the disease are being planted; the disease has the potential to wipe out Regina's elm population.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/saskatchewan/story/2007/07/17/trees-regina.html?ref=rss CBC "Saskatchewan Story" article on Regina's trees] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226000330/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/saskatchewan/story/2007/07/17/trees-regina.html?ref=rss |date=26 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.regina.ca/trees/ded.htm Dutch Elm Disease Control Program.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127193133/http://www.regina.ca/trees/ded.htm |date=27 November 2007 }}</ref> [[File:Regina skyline (2021 December).jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Regina downtown skyline (December 2021)]] ===Climate=== Regina experiences a warm summer [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification#Overview|Köppen:]] ''Dfb''), with more than 70% of average annual precipitation in the warmest six months, and is in the [[Natural Resources Canada|NRC]] [[Hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone]] 3b.<ref name="Canadian Plant Hardiness Zones">{{cite web|title=Plant Hardiness Zone by Municipality|url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Saskatchewan&val=R|website=Natural Resources Canada|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=31 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817113016/http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Saskatchewan&val=R|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Regina has warm summers and cold, dry winters, prone to extremes at all times of the year. Average annual [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is {{cvt|389.7|mm|2}} and is heaviest from May through August, with June being the wettest month with an average of {{cvt|75|mm|2}} of precipitation. The average daily temperature for the year is {{cvt|3.1|C}}. The lowest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-50.0|C|0}} on 1 January 1885, while the highest recorded temperature was {{cvt|43.9|C|0}} on 5 July 1937.<ref>[http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1932-04-01%7C1993-12-31&mlyRange=1932-01-01%7C1993-12-01&StationID=3004&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=3&txtStationName=regina&timeframe=2&Year=1937 Regina CDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803153732/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1932-04-01%7C1993-12-31&mlyRange=1932-01-01%7C1993-12-01&StationID=3004&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=2&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=3&txtStationName=regina&timeframe=2&Year=1937 |date=3 August 2016 }} Retrieved 3 June 2016</ref> {{Weather box |location = [[Regina International Airport]], 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1883–present |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 10.4 |Feb record high C = 15.6 |Mar record high C = 24.4 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 37.2 |Jun record high C = 40.6 |Jul record high C = 43.9 |Aug record high C = 41.3 |Sep record high C = 37.2 |Oct record high C = 32.0 |Nov record high C = 23.6 |Dec record high C = 15.0 |year record high C = 43.9 |Jan high C = -9.3 |Feb high C = -6.4 |Mar high C = 0.4 |Apr high C = 11.6 |May high C = 18.5 |Jun high C = 22.8 |Jul high C = 25.8 |Aug high C = 25.5 |Sep high C = 19.1 |Oct high C = 11.0 |Nov high C = 0.1 |Dec high C = -7.1 |year high C = 9.3 |Jan mean C = -14.7 |Feb mean C = -11.7 |Mar mean C = -4.8 |Apr mean C = 4.8 |May mean C = 11.3 |Jun mean C = 16.2 |Jul mean C = 18.9 |Aug mean C = 18.1 |Sep mean C = 11.8 |Oct mean C = 4.3 |Nov mean C = -5.2 |Dec mean C = -12.4 |year mean C = 3.1 |Jan low C = -20.1 |Feb low C = -17.0 |Mar low C = -9.9 |Apr low C = -2.0 |May low C = 4.1 |Jun low C = 9.5 |Jul low C = 11.9 |Aug low C = 10.7 |Sep low C = 4.6 |Oct low C = -2.4 |Nov low C = -10.5 |Dec low C = -17.7 |year low C = -3.2 |Jan record low C = -50.0 |Feb record low C = -47.8 |Mar record low C = -40.6 |Apr record low C = -28.9 |May record low C = -13.3 |Jun record low C = -5.6 |Jul record low C = -2.2 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -16.1 |Oct record low C = -26.1 |Nov record low C = -37.2 |Dec record low C = -48.3 |year record low C = -50.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 15.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 9.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 19.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 24.1 |May precipitation mm = 51.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 70.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 66.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 44.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 32.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 24.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 14.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 15.7 |year precipitation mm = 389.7 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 0.6 |Feb rain mm = 0.8 |Mar rain mm = 5.1 |Apr rain mm = 18.1 |May rain mm = 47.6 |Jun rain mm = 70.9 |Jul rain mm = 66.9 |Aug rain mm = 44.8 |Sep rain mm = 32.1 |Oct rain mm = 18.3 |Nov rain mm = 3.1 |Dec rain mm = 0.5 |year rain mm = 308.9 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 19.4 |Feb snow cm = 11.4 |Mar snow cm = 18.8 |Apr snow cm = 6.9 |May snow cm = 3.6 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.7 |Oct snow cm = 6.9 |Nov snow cm = 13.0 |Dec snow cm = 19.5 |year snow cm = 100.2 |humidity colour = green |Jan humidity = 76.1 |Feb humidity = 76.4 |Mar humidity = 69.5 |Apr humidity = 44.5 |May humidity = 42.9 |Jun humidity = 48.3 |Jul humidity = 48.8 |Aug humidity = 45.4 |Sep humidity = 45.5 |Oct humidity = 52.4 |Nov humidity = 68.2 |Dec humidity = 75.7 |year humidity = 57.8 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 10.9 |Feb precipitation days = 8.3 |Mar precipitation days = 9.3 |Apr precipitation days = 8.5 |May precipitation days = 10.9 |Jun precipitation days = 13.5 |Jul precipitation days = 10.8 |Aug precipitation days = 9.5 |Sep precipitation days = 8.9 |Oct precipitation days = 8.1 |Nov precipitation days = 8.3 |Dec precipitation days = 10.9 |year precipitation days = 117.9 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 0.85 |Feb rain days = 0.77 |Mar rain days = 2.5 |Apr rain days = 6.3 |May rain days = 10.5 |Jun rain days = 13.5 |Jul rain days = 10.8 |Aug rain days = 9.5 |Sep rain days = 8.7 |Oct rain days = 6.1 |Nov rain days = 1.7 |Dec rain days = 1.0 |year rain days = 72.3 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 11.7 |Feb snow days = 8.8 |Mar snow days = 8.5 |Apr snow days = 3.3 |May snow days = 0.96 |Jun snow days = 0.04 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.52 |Oct snow days = 2.7 |Nov snow days = 8.2 |Dec snow days = 11.7 |year snow days = 56.2 |Jan sun = 96.1 |Feb sun = 133.5 |Mar sun = 154.5 |Apr sun = 236.6 |May sun = 262.4 |Jun sun = 277.7 |Jul sun = 325.4 |Aug sun = 287.4 |Sep sun = 198.1 |Oct sun = 163.3 |Nov sun = 97.9 |Dec sun = 85.4 |year sun = 2318.2 |Jan percentsun = 36.3 |Feb percentsun = 47.2 |Mar percentsun = 42.0 |Apr percentsun = 57.3 |May percentsun = 54.8 |Jun percentsun = 56.6 |Jul percentsun = 65.8 |Aug percentsun = 63.9 |Sep percentsun = 52.1 |Oct percentsun = 48.9 |Nov percentsun = 36.0 |Dec percentsun = 34.0 |year percentsun = 49.6 | Jan uv =1 | Feb uv =1 | Mar uv =2 | Apr uv =4 | May uv =6 | Jun uv =7 | Jul uv =7 | Aug uv =6 | Sep uv =4 | Oct uv =2 | Nov uv =1 | Dec uv =0 |source 1 = Environment Canada<ref name=CCN>{{cite web | publisher = [[Environment Canada]] | url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=3002&lang=e&dCode=1&province=SASK&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12 | title = Regina INT'L A | work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 |date = 31 October 2011| access-date = 12 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224139/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=3002&lang=e&dCode=1&province=SASK&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12 | archive-date = 12 May 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name = climate>{{cite web | title = Regina INT'L A | work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 | url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/SASK/SASK_KURO-SWIF_ENG.csv | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200716170603/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/SASK/SASK_KURO-SWIF_ENG.csv | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2020-07-16 | access-date = 16 September 2013}}</ref><ref name = "Daily Data Report for August 2018">{{cite web | title = Regina RCS | work = Canadian Climate Data | date = 31 October 2011 | url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1996-01-30%7C2018-08-11&dlyRange=1999-10-01%7C2018-08-10&mlyRange=1999-10-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=28011&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2018&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=8&Day=11&txtStationName=regina+rcs&timeframe=2&Year=2018 | access-date = 12 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181459/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1996-01-30%7C2018-08-11&dlyRange=1999-10-01%7C2018-08-10&mlyRange=1999-10-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=28011&Prov=SK&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2018&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=8&Day=11&txtStationName=regina+rcs&timeframe=2&Year=2018 | archive-date = 12 August 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref> and Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/canada/regina-climate|title=Regina, Canada – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706133806/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/canada/regina-climate|archive-date=6 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} ==Cityscape== {{See also|List of neighbourhoods in Regina, Saskatchewan|List of tallest buildings in Regina|Regina's historic buildings and precincts}} [[File:Warehouse District 2017.jpg|thumb|500px|Formerly the reception zone for freight, the Warehouse District is a neighbourhood that has been the subject of redevelopment in the early 21st century.]] Some neighbourhoods of note include: # the remaining residential portion of the original town between the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|CPR]] tracks and [[Wascana Lake]] # the downtown business district, deemed "Market Square"; # the Cathedral Area; # the historic and affluent Crescents area, immediately to the north of Wascana Creek west of the Albert Street bridge and dam which creates Wascana Lake; # [[Regina's historic buildings and precincts#Germantown|Germantown]], originally a poor and ill-serviced area of continental Europeans; # Lakeview, adjacent to the provincial Legislative Building and office buildings, a neighbourhood of some imposing mansions dating from before the First World War through the post-War '20s boom; and # [[Regina's historic buildings and precincts#The warehouse district|the Warehouse District]], formerly the reception zone for freight, being redeveloped as desirable residential accommodation, restaurants, nightclubs and shopping precincts. ===Bedroom communities=== [[File:Regina, Streetscape.jpg|thumb|left|Streetscape of a typical residential neighbourhood in Regina]] From its first founding, particularly once motorcars were common, Reginans have retired to the nearby [[Qu'Appelle Valley]] on weekends, for summer and winter holidays and indeed as a place to live permanently and commute from. Since the 1940s, many of the towns near Regina have steadily lost population<ref>Mark Partridge, "The Ebb and Flow of Rural Growth: Spread, Backwash, or Stagnation." Presentation for the Department of Rural Development, Regina, Saskatchewan 9 June 2005.</ref> as western Canada's agrarian economy reorganised itself from small family farm landholdings of a quarter-section ({{cvt|160|acres|disp=sqbr}}, the original standard land grant to homesteaders<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/dominion_lands_act__homestead_act.html "''Dominion Lands Act/Homestead Act''," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701071602/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/dominion_lands_act__homestead_act.html |date=1 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref>) to the multi-section (a "section" being {{cvt|640|acre|disp=sqbr}}) landholdings that are increasingly necessary for economic viability.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/farming.html "Farming," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701071405/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/farming.html |date=1 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> Some of these towns have enjoyed something of a renaissance as a result of the excellent roads that for many decades seemed likely to doom them; they – and to some extent the nearby city of [[Moose Jaw]] – are now undergoing a mild resurgence as commuter satellites for Regina. [[Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan|Qu'Appelle]], at one time intended to be the metropole for the original District of Assiniboia in the North-West Territories (as they then were), saw during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s Regina cottagers pass through en route to the Qu'Appelle Valley; Highway 10, which bypassed Qu'Appelle, running directly from Balgonie to Fort Qu'Appelle off Highway Number 1, quickly ended this. Qu'Appelle has recently seen more interest taken in it as a place to live.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.html "Qu'Appelle," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730044128/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/quappelle.html |date=30 July 2017 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> [[Fort Qu'Appelle]] and its neighbouring resort villages on the [[Fishing Lakes]] remain a summer vacation venue of choice;<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/fort_quappelle.html "Fort Qu'Appelle," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112181927/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/fort_quappelle.html |date=12 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> [[Indian Head, Saskatchewan|Indian Head]] is far enough from Regina to have an autonomous identity but close enough that its charm and vitality attract commuters – it "has a range of professional services and tradespeople, financial institutions, and a number of retail establishments."<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/indian_head.html "Indian Head," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115021844/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/indian_head.html |date=15 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> It was the scene of outdoor filming sequences in the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] television series "Little Mosque on the Prairie."<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/littlemosque/blog/2008/10/a_big_thanks_to_indian_head.html "A Big Thanks to Indian Head," CBC program website.]. Retrieved 1 February 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302004523/http://www.cbc.ca/littlemosque/blog/2008/10/a_big_thanks_to_indian_head.html |date=2 March 2009 }}</ref> [[White City, Saskatchewan|White City]]<ref name="encyclopedia1">[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/white_city.html "White City," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225145826/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/white_city.html |date=25 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> and [[Emerald Park, Saskatchewan|Emerald Park]]<ref name="encyclopedia1"/> are quasi-suburbs of Regina, as have become [[Balgonie, Saskatchewan|Balgonie]],<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/balgonie.html "Balgonie," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125100146/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/balgonie.html |date=25 November 2012 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> Pense, Grand Coulee, [[Pilot Butte, Saskatchewan|Pilot Butte]]<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/pilot_butte.html "Pilot Butte," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225185805/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/pilot_butte.html |date=25 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> and [[Lumsden, Saskatchewan|Lumsden]] in the Qu'Appelle Valley, some {{cvt|10|mi|order=flip}} to the north of Regina.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/lumsden.html "Lumsden," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229161121/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/lumsden.html |date=29 February 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> [[Regina Beach, Saskatchewan|Regina Beach]] — situated on [[Last Mountain Lake]] (known locally as Long Lake) and a 30-minute drive from Regina – has been a summer favourite of Reginans from its first establishment and since the 1970s has also become a commuter satellite;<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_beach.html "Regina Beach" ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527075209/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_beach.html |date=27 May 2013 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> [[Rouleau, Saskatchewan|Rouleau]] (also known as the town of Dog River in the CTV television sitcom ''[[Corner Gas]]'') is {{cvt|45|km}} southwest of Regina and in the summer months used to "bustle with film crews."<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/rouleau.html "Rouleau," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225185820/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/rouleau.html |date=25 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 July 2007.</ref> ==Culture== {{Main|Culture in Regina}} Regina has a substantial cultural life in music, theatre and dance, supported by the fine arts constituency at the University of Regina, which has faculties of music, theatre and arts. At various times this has attracted notable artistic talent: the [[Regina Five]] were artists at Regina College (the university's predecessor) who gained national fame in the 1950s. The long-established [[MacKenzie Art Gallery]] once occupied cramped quarters adjacent to Darke Hall on the University of Regina College Avenue Campus; since relocated to a large building at the southwest corner of the provincial government site, at Albert Street near 23rd Avenue. [[Donald M. Kendrick]], [[Robert Boyer (artist)|Bob Boyer]] and [[Joe Fafard]], now with significant international reputations, have been other artists from or once in Regina.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} [[File:The Conexus Arts Centre, Regina, SK.jpg|thumb|left|[[Conexus Arts Centre]] is a theatre complex and home to the [[Regina Symphony Orchestra]], the oldest continuously performing orchestra in Canada.]] The Regina Symphony Orchestra, Canada's oldest continuously performing orchestra,<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_symphony_orchestra.html Kathleen Wall, "Regina Symphony Orchestra," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112192008/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_symphony_orchestra.html |date=12 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref> performs in the [[Conexus Arts Centre|Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts]] (now the Conexus Arts Centre). Concerts and recitals are performed both by local and visiting musicians in the Centre of the Arts and assorted other auditoriums including the [[University of Regina]]. The Regina Conservatory of Music operates in the former girls' residence wing of the Regina College building. The Regina Little Theatre began in 1926, and performed in Regina College before building its own theatre in 1981.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Saskatchewan |title=Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia |publisher=Canadiantheatre.com |date=15 January 2014 |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923200301/http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Saskatchewan |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Regina lacked a large concert and live theatre venue for many years after the loss to fire of the Regina Theatre in 1938 and the demolition of the 1906 City Hall in 1964 at a time when preservation of heritage architecture was not yet a fashionable issue. But until the demolition of downtown cinemas which doubled as live theatres the lack was not urgent, and Darke Hall on the Regina College campus of the university provided a small concert and stage venue. [[File:Old Post Office .jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Prince Edward Building (Regina)|Prince Edward Building]] is home to [[Globe Theatre, Regina|Globe Theatre]], a professional theatre company.]] Annual festivals in and near Regina through the year include the [[Regina International Film Festival]]; Cathedral Village Arts Festival; the Craven Country Jamboree;<ref>[http://www.cravencountryjamboree.com/ Craven Country Jamboree website.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217010844/http://www.cravencountryjamboree.com/ |date=17 December 2007 }}. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</ref> the [[Regina Folk Festival]];<ref>[http://www.reginafolkfestival.com/concertseries/ Regina Folk Festival website.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220022122/http://www.reginafolkfestival.com/concertseries/ |date=20 December 2007 }}. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</ref> [[Queen City Pride]]; the [[Queer City Cinema]] film festival; the Regina Dragon Boat Festival;<ref>[http://www.dragonboat.regina.sk.ca/ Regina Dragon Boat Festival Homepage.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208034936/http://www.dragonboat.regina.sk.ca/ |date=8 December 2007 }}. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</ref> and Mosaic, mounted by the Regina Multicultural Council,<ref>[http://www.reginamulticulturalcouncil.ca/ Regina Multicultural Council homepage.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213180819/http://www.reginamulticulturalcouncil.ca/ |date=13 February 2006 }}. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</ref> which earned Heritage Canada's designation of 2004 "Cultural Capital of Canada" (in the over 125,000 population category).<ref>[http://www.reginamulticulturalcouncil.ca/mosaic.htm Regina Multicultural Council: Mosaic.]. Retrieved 17 July 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221054143/http://www.reginamulticulturalcouncil.ca/mosaic.htm |date=21 December 2008 }}</ref> The annual [[Kiwanis]] Music Festival affords rising musical talents the opportunity to achieve nationwide recognition. The city's summer agricultural exhibition was originally established in 1884 as the Assiniboia Agricultural Association, then from the mid-1960s and up until 2009 as Buffalo Days<ref>[http://www.ipscoplace.com/association.aspx?p=history Ipsco Place website, "History."]. Retrieved 11 December 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212175802/http://www.ipscoplace.com/association.aspx?p=history |date=12 December 2007 }}</ref> then from that time until today, the Queen City Ex.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://leaderpost.com/touch/regina+buffalo+days+gets+name+queen+city/1771934/story.html|title=Regina's Buffalo Days gets a new name: Queen City Ex|last=Maciag|first=Samantha|work=leaderpost.com|access-date=18 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818135126/http://www.leaderpost.com/touch/regina+buffalo+days+gets+name+queen+city/1771934/story.html|archive-date=18 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> This was remedied in 1970 with the construction of the [[Conexus Arts Centre|Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts]] (now the Conexus Arts Centre) as a [[Canadian Centennial]] project, a theatre and concert hall complex overlooking Wascana Lake which is one of the most acoustically perfect concert venues in North America;<ref>[http://www.conexusartscentre.ca/ Conexus Arts Centre ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706173500/http://www.conexusartscentre.ca/ |date=6 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</ref> it is home to the Regina Symphony Orchestra (Canada's oldest continuously performing orchestra<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_symphony_orchestra.html Kathleen Wall, "Regina Symphony Orchestra," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112192008/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_symphony_orchestra.html |date=12 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref>), Opera Saskatchewan and New Dance Horizons, a contemporary dance company.<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/regina ''Encyclopedia of Canada''. "Regina: Cultural Life."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035435/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/regina/#h3_jump_8 |date=25 September 2017 }}. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</ref> The [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]] (the present 1955 structure a Saskatchewan Golden Jubilee project<ref name="Stewart">{{cite web| url=http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/royal_saskatchewan_museum.html |author=Iain Stewart |title=Royal Saskatchewan Museum |website=Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007000742/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/royal_saskatchewan_museum.html |archive-date=October 7, 2017}}</ref>) dates from 1906.<ref name="Stewart" /> The [[Prince Edward Building (Regina)|old Post Office]] at Scarth Street and 11th Avenue, temporarily used as a city hall after the demolition of the 1906 City Hall, is now home to the [[Globe Theatre, Regina|Globe Theatre]], founded in 1966 as "Saskatchewan's first professional theatre since 1927."<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/globe_theatre.html Mary Blackstone, "Globe Theatre," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112184621/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/globe_theatre.html |date=12 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref> [[Holy Rosary Cathedral (Regina)|Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Cathedral]]<ref>[http://www.uquebec.ca/musique/orgues/canada/hrosaryr.html Thomas Chase, "Casavant, Opus 1409, 1930/1993.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102233437/http://www.uquebec.ca/musique/orgues/canada/hrosaryr.html |date=2 January 2009 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> and [[Knox-Metropolitan United Church (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Knox-Metropolitan United Church]] have particularly impressive [[Casavant Frères]] pipe organs, maintain substantial musical establishments and are frequently the venues for choral concerts and organ recitals. The [[Regina Public Library]] is a citywide library system with nine branches. Its facilities include the RPL Film theatre which plays non-mainstream cinema, the Dunlop Art Gallery, special literacy services and a prairie history collection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reginalibrary.ca/ |title=Regina Public Library website |publisher=Reginalibrary.ca |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320155646/http://www.reginalibrary.ca/ |archive-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[MacKenzie Art Gallery]] in Wascana Centre and the Dunlop Art Gallery have permanent collections and sponsor travelling exhibitions.<ref>J. William Brennan, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/regina "Regina,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035435/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/regina/ |date=25 September 2017 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 19 November 2007.</ref> The Saskatchewan Archives and the Saskatchewan Genealogical Library also offer information for those interested in the people of Saskatchewan. ===Parks and attractions=== Regina has a substantial proportion of its overall area dedicated as parks and green spaces, with biking paths, cross-country skiing venues, and other recreational facilities throughout the city. Wascana Lake, the venue for summer boating activities, is regularly cleared of snow in winter for skating, and there are toboggan runs both in Wascana Centre and downstream on the banks of Wascana Creek. [[Victoria Park, Regina|Victoria Park]] is in the central business district and numerous green spaces throughout the residential subdivisions and subdivisions in the north and west of the city contain large ornamental ponds to add interest to residential precincts such as Rochdale, Lakewood, Lakeridge, Spruce Meadows, and Windsor Park. Older school playing fields throughout the city have also been converted into landscaped parks.<ref>See city map at [http://maps.google.com.au/maps?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tab=wl Google Maps.]. Retrieved 12 December 2007.</ref> [[File:Buildings in Downtown Regina as seen from Victoria Park.jpg|thumb|left|[[Victoria Park, Regina|Victoria Park]] is a public park located in the centre of Regina's [[central business district]].]] The city operates five municipal golf courses, including two in King's Park northeast of the city. Kings Park Recreation facility is also home to ball diamonds, picnic grounds, and stock car racing. Within half an hour's drive are the summer cottage and camping country and winter ski resorts in the [[Qu'Appelle Valley]] with Last Mountain and Buffalo Pound Lakes and the four [[Fishing Lakes]] of Pasqua, Echo, Mission and Katepwa; slightly farther east are Round and Crooked Lakes, also in the Qu'Appelle Valley, and to the southeast the [[Kenosee Lake]] cottage country. [[Wascana Centre]] is a {{cvt|9.3|km2}} park built around Wascana Lake and designed in 1961 by [[Minoru Yamasaki]] — the Seattle-born architect best known as the designer of the original [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in New York – in tandem with his starkly [[modernist]] design for the new [[Regina Campus]] of the [[University of Saskatchewan]].<ref>[http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GON/GON001G.htm Fletcher, Tom. "The Work of Minoru Yamasaki," ''New York Architecture Images and Notes''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317103511/http://www.nyc-architecture.com/GON/GON001G.htm |date=17 March 2007 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> Wascana Lake was created as a "stock watering hole" — for the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|CPR]]'s [[rolling stock]], that is – in 1883 when a dam and bridge were constructed 1½ blocks to the west of the present [[Albert Memorial Bridge (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Albert Street Bridge]]. A new dam and bridge were built in 1908, and Wascana Lake was used as a domestic water source, to cool the city's power plant and, in due course, for the new provincial legislative building.<ref name="Riddell, W. A. 1962">Riddell, W. A. ''The Origin and Development of Wascana Centre''. Regina, 1962.</ref> [[File:Regina skyline from Wascana Park.jpg|thumb|[[Wascana Centre]] is a {{cvt|9.3|km2}} provincially operated park built around Wascana Lake.]] By the 1920s, with Boggy Creek as a source of domestic water and wells into the aquifer under Regina, Wascana Lake had ceased to have a utilitarian purpose and had become a primarily recreational facility, with bathing and boating its principal uses. It was drained in the 1930s as part of a government relief project; 2,100 men widened and dredged the lake bed and created two islands using only hand tools and horse-drawn wagons.<ref name="Riddell, W. A. 1962"/> During the fall and winter of 2003–2004, Wascana Lake was again [[Big Dig (Regina, Saskatchewan)|drained and dredged]] to deepen it while adding a new island, a promenade area beside Albert Street Bridge, water fountains, and a waterfall to help aerate the lake.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/big_dig.html Dagmar Skamlová, "Big Dig," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225185755/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/big_dig.html |date=25 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> Downstream from Wascana Lake, Wascana Creek continues to provide a lush parkland on its increasingly intensively developed perimeter; in the northwest quadrant of the city Wascana Creek has a second weir with a smaller reservoir in A.E. Wilson Park. ====Visitor attractions==== {{Main|Visitor attractions in Regina}} Regina is a travel destination for residents of southeastern Saskatchewan and the immediately adjacent regions of the neighbouring US states of North Dakota and Montana, and an intermediate stopping point for travellers on the Trans-Canada Highway. Tourism is promoted by [[Tourism Regina]]. Attractions for visitors in Regina include: [[File:Regina Museum (natural history and indigenous persons).jpg|thumb|The [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]] is a provincial museum and attraction located in Regina.]] [[File:Casino Regina.jpg|thumb|Located within the former [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] station, [[Casino Regina]] is a casino operated by [[Sask Gaming]].]] * [[Wascana Centre]], a {{cvt|9.3|km2}} park around Wascana Lake bringing together lands containing government, recreational, cultural, educational and environmental buildings and facilities. * [[Victoria Park, Regina|Victoria Park]] in downtown Regina offers the Regina Folk Festival and other outdoor festivities including the nearby Farmers Market in the summertime. * the [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]] (a museum of natural history); * the [[Saskatchewan Science Centre]], housed in the 1914 Powerhouse on east Wascana Lake; * the Norman Mackenzie Art Gallery<ref>[http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/art/galleries-mackenzie.html Norman Mackenzie Art Gallery website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717051133/http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/art/galleries-mackenzie.html |date=17 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 26 December 2007.</ref> and numerous smaller galleries and museums; * [[Holy Rosary Cathedral (Regina)|the Roman Catholic cathedral]] on 13th Avenue in the West End, but also perhaps to a somewhat lesser extent the [[St. Paul's Cathedral (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Anglican cathedral]] in downtown Regina and the [[Romanian Orthodox]] cathedral on Victoria Avenue in the East End; * the [[Hotel Saskatchewan]] first opened by the CPR has accommodated royalty on numerous occasions and still maintains the ambiance of a bygone time * [[Knox-Metropolitan United Church (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Knox-Metropolitan United Church]] on Victoria Park in downtown Regina: the surviving downtown congregation of the United Church (Metropolitan Methodist and the now demolished or closed Knox, Carmichael and St Andrew's United Churches, previously Presbyterian, were its antecedents or now-defunct daughter congregations) with the largest pipe organ in Regina; * the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) [[RCMP Academy, Depot Division|national training centre]] and the [[RCMP Heritage Centre|museum]]; * [[Government House (Saskatchewan)|Government House]], where regular tours are available, conducted by guides in "period" costume and the [[Lieutenant-Governor]] holds an annual [[New Year's levee|levée]] on New Year's Day; * [[Casino Regina]], in the old Union Station; * the [[Globe Theatre, Regina|Globe Theatre]] in the [[Prince Edward Building (Regina)|Old Post Office]] building on the Scarth Street Mall; * events held at [[Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field|Mosaic Stadium]] sports stadium and the [[Conexus Arts Centre|Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts]]; * REAL District, formerly [[Evraz Group|Evraz]] Place<ref>[http://www.evrazplace.com Evraz Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202160428/http://www.evrazplace.com/ |date=2 February 2011 }}. Retrieved 18 March 2009.</ref> (formerly Ipsco Place, previously Regina Exhibition Park), the venue for the annual Queen City Ex (formerly Buffalo Days Exhibition)<ref>[http://www.buffalodays.ca/ Buffalo Days website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015203148/http://www.buffalodays.ca/ |date=15 October 2008 }}. Retrieved 18 March 2009.</ref> summer agricultural fair every August; and * the [[Canadian Western Agribition]],<ref>[http://www.agribition.com/ Canadian Western Agribition website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202165048/http://agribition.com/ |date=2 February 2011 }}. Retrieved 26 December 2007.</ref> a winter agricultural show and marketplace every November. The former large-scale Children's Day Parade and Travellers' Day Parade during Fair Week in the summer, which were substantially supported by the [[Freemasonry|Masons]] and [[Shriners]], has become the fair parade as such service clubs have lost vitality; the Regina Exhibition's travelling midway divides its time among other western Canadian and US cities. A [[Santa Claus]] parade is now mounted during the lead-up to Christmas. ===Sports=== [[File:Mosaic Stadium Exterior.jpg|thumb|Located at Evraz Place, [[Mosaic Stadium]] is an open-air stadium that is the home arena for the [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]'s [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]].]] The [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] play their home games at [[Mosaic Stadium]] in Regina. Formed in 1910 as the Regina Rugby Club and renamed the Regina Roughriders in 1924 and the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1946,<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_roughriders.html Daria Coneghan, "Saskatchewan Roughriders, ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723185917/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_roughriders.html |date=23 July 2012 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref> the "Riders" are a community-owned team with a loyal fan base; out-of-town [[season ticket]] holders often travel {{cvt|300|-|400|km}} or more to attend home games.<ref>[http://www.saskriders.com/modules.php?name=News&file=bleedinggreen&f_subcat=legacy_stories Riderville | The Official site of the 2007 Grey Cup Champions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818184211/http://www.saskriders.com/modules.php?name=News&file=bleedinggreen&f_subcat=legacy_stories |date=18 August 2007 }}</ref> The team has won the [[Grey Cup]] on four occasions, in 1966, 1989,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://78mph.com/2015/10/1989-and-the-grey-cup-in-toronto/ |title=Maureen O'Shea, "1989 and the Grey Cup in Toronto" |date=29 October 2015 |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030021153/http://78mph.com/2015/10/1989-and-the-grey-cup-in-toronto/ |archive-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2007, and 2013.<ref>Canadian Football League: [https://www.cfl.ca/page/his_greycup Grey Cup Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016154234/http://www.cfl.ca/page/his_greycup |date=16 October 2015 }} Retrieved 4 March 2009</ref> Regina is also home to a successful women's football team, the [[Regina Riot (football)|Regina Riot]] of the [[Western Women's Canadian Football League]]. The Riot have won three league championships, in 2015, 2017, and 2018. Other sports teams in Regina include the four-time [[Memorial Cup]] champion [[Regina Pats]] of the [[Western Hockey League]], the [[Regina Thunder]] of the [[Canadian Junior Football League]], the [[Saskatchewan Prairie Fire|Prairie Fire]] of the [[Rugby Canada Super League]], the [[Regina Red Sox]] of the [[Western Canadian Baseball League]], and the University of Regina's [[Regina Cougars]]/[[Regina Rams]] of [[U Sports]]. Regina is also where all Water Polo players from Saskatchewan centralize, Regina's team being Water Polo Armada. Regina's curling teams have distinguished the city for many decades. Richardson Crescent commemorates the [[Ernie Richardson (curler)|Richardson curling]] team of the 1950s. In recent years Olympic Gold medal winner [[Sandra Schmirler]] and her rink occasioned vast civic pride; the Sandra Schmirler Leisure Centre in east Regina commemorates her. Regina held the [[1973 Air Canada Silver Broom|1973]], [[1983 Air Canada Silver Broom|1983]], and [[2011 World Men's Curling Championship]]. The city has two curling clubs: The [[Caledonian Curling Club|Caledonian]] and the [[Highland Curling Club|Highland]]. North-east of the city lies [[Kings Park Speedway]], a ⅓-mile paved oval used for [[stock car racing]] since the late 1960s. Regina hosted the [[Western Canada Summer Games]] in 1975, and again in 1987, as well as being the host city for the 2005 [[Canada Games|Canada Summer Games]]. Regina also held the 2014 [[North American Indigenous Games]]. == Demographics == {{Historical populations |title = Historical populations |type = Canada |align = right |width = |state = |shading = |percentages = |footnote = |1901|2249 |[[Canada 1911 Census|1911]]|30213 |[[Canada 1921 Census|1921]]|34432 |[[Canada 1931 Census|1931]]|53209 |[[Canada 1941 Census|1941]]|57389 |[[Canada 1951 Census|1951]]|71319 |1961|112141 |1971|139469 |1976|149593 |1981|162613 |1986|175064 |1991|179178 |[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|180404 |[[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|178225 |[[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|179246 |[[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|193100 |[[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|215106 |[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|226404 }} {{Main|Demographics of Regina, Saskatchewan}} In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Regina had a population of {{val|226404|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|92129|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|99134|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:226404-215106}}|215106|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|215106|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|178.81|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|226404|178.81|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000247 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Saskatchewan | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> At the [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Regina CMA had a population of {{val|249217|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|100211|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|108120|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:249217-236695}}|236695|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|236695|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|4323.66|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|249217|4323.66|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | access-date=March 28, 2022}}</ref> The [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] reported that [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants]] (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 45,210 persons or 20.3% of the total population of Regina. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (9,840 persons or 21.8%), India (7,385 persons or 16.3%), China (2,905 persons or 6.4%), Pakistan (2,640 persons or 5.8%), Nigeria (2,235 persons or 4.9%), Vietnam (1,410 persons or 3.1%), United Kingdom (1,380 persons or 3.1%), Bangladesh (1,240 persons or 2.7%), United States of America (1,155 persons or 2.6%), and Ukraine (885 persons or 2.0%).<ref name="2021censusB"/> === Ethnicity === [[File:First Nations University 4.jpg|thumb|right|[[First Nations University of Canada]] is a post-secondary institution that provides [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]-centred academic programs. In the [[Canada 2021 Census|2021 census]], 10.4 percent of all residents in Regina were [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]].<ref name="2021censusB"/>]] In absolute numbers of Aboriginal population, Regina ranked seventh among CMAs in Canada with an "Aboriginal-identity population of 15,685 (8.3% of the total city population), of which 9,200 were First Nations, 5,990 Métis, and 495 other Aboriginal."<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/urban_aboriginal_population.html Alan Anderson, "Urban Aboriginal Population," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225145659/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/urban_aboriginal_population.html |date=25 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" |+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of Regina (2001−2021) ! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]]<br>group ! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB"/> ! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4706027&Geo2=CD&Code2=4706&SearchText=Regina&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4706027&Data=Count&SearchText=Regina&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title= 2006 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4706027&Geo2=PR&Code2=47&Data=Count&SearchText=Regina&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= 2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4706027&Geo2=PR&Code2=47&Data=Count&SearchText=Regina&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> |- ![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]] !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |- | [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name="euro"}} | 142,440 | {{Percentage | 142440 | 223070 | 2 }} | 150,110 | {{Percentage | 150110 | 211780 | 2 }} | 149,225 | {{Percentage | 149225 | 189740 | 2 }} | 147,955 | {{Percentage | 147955 | 176910 | 2 }} | 150,515 | {{Percentage | 150515 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] | 23,290 | {{Percentage | 23290 | 223070 | 2 }} | 20,925 | {{Percentage | 20925 | 211780 | 2 }} | 18,750 | {{Percentage | 18750 | 189740 | 2 }} | 16,535 | {{Percentage | 16535 | 176910 | 2 }} | 15,295 | {{Percentage | 15295 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] | 19,200 | {{Percentage | 19200 | 223070 | 2 }} | 12,330 | {{Percentage | 12330 | 211780 | 2 }} | 4,885 | {{Percentage | 4885 | 189740 | 2 }} | 1,945 | {{Percentage | 1945 | 176910 | 2 }} | 1,665 | {{Percentage | 1665 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name="SoutheastAsian"}} | 15,525 | {{Percentage | 15525 | 223070 | 2 }} | 11,060 | {{Percentage | 11060 | 211780 | 2 }} | 6,635 | {{Percentage | 6635 | 189740 | 2 }} | 2,445 | {{Percentage | 2445 | 176910 | 2 }} | 2,175 | {{Percentage | 2175 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[African-Canadian|African]] | 9,820 | {{Percentage | 9820 | 223070 | 2 }} | 6,330 | {{Percentage | 6330 | 211780 | 2 }} | 3,065 | {{Percentage | 3065 | 189740 | 2 }} | 2,125 | {{Percentage | 2125 | 176910 | 2 }} | 1,555 | {{Percentage | 1555 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name="EastAsian"}} | 6,760 | {{Percentage | 6760 | 223070 | 2 }} | 6,430 | {{Percentage | 6430 | 211780 | 2 }} | 4,185 | {{Percentage | 4185 | 189740 | 2 }} | 3,825 | {{Percentage | 3825 | 176910 | 2 }} | 2,750 | {{Percentage | 2750 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name="MiddleEastern"}} | 2,920 | {{Percentage | 2920 | 223070 | 2 }} | 2,275 | {{Percentage | 2275 | 211780 | 2 }} | 1,060 | {{Percentage | 1060 | 189740 | 2 }} | 700 | {{Percentage | 700 | 176910 | 2 }} | 475 | {{Percentage | 475 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] | 1,410 | {{Percentage | 1410 | 223070 | 2 }} | 1,180 | {{Percentage | 1180 | 211780 | 2 }} | 1,270 | {{Percentage | 1270 | 189740 | 2 }} | 955 | {{Percentage | 955 | 176910 | 2 }} | 770 | {{Percentage | 770 | 175605 | 2 }} |- | Other/[[Multiracial people|Multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name="Other"}} | 1,700 | {{Percentage | 1700 | 223070 | 2 }} | 1,140 | {{Percentage | 1140 | 211780 | 2 }} | 670 | {{Percentage | 670 | 189740 | 2 }} | 425 | {{Percentage | 425 | 176910 | 2 }} | 400 | {{Percentage | 400 | 175605 | 2 }} |- ! Total responses ! 223,070 ! {{Percentage | 223070 | 226404 | 2 }} ! 211,780 ! {{Percentage | 211780 | 215106 | 2 }} ! 189,740 ! {{Percentage | 189740 | 193100 | 2 }} ! 176,910 ! {{Percentage | 176910 | 179246 | 2 }} ! 175,605 ! {{Percentage | 175605 | 178225 | 2 }} |- ! Total population ! 226,404 ! {{Percentage | 226404 | 226404 | 2 }} ! 215,106 ! {{Percentage | 215106 | 215106 | 2 }} ! 193,100 ! {{Percentage | 193100 | 193100 | 2 }} ! 179,246 ! {{Percentage | 179246 | 179246 | 2 }} ! 178,225 ! {{Percentage | 178225 | 178225 | 2 }} |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}} |} {{clear}} === Religion === According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Regina included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00054706027&SearchText=regina |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref> *[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (117,905 persons or 52.9%) *[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (79,020 persons or 35.4%) *[[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (10,360 persons or 4.6%) *[[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (6,565 persons or 2.9%) *[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (4,305 persons or 1.9%) *[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (1,790 persons or 0.8%) *[[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Spirituality]] (1,210 persons or 0.5%) *[[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (365 persons or 0.2%) *Other (1,555 persons or 0.7%) According to the 2011 Census, 67.9% of the population identify as [[Christian]], with [[Catholics]] (30.4%) making up the largest denomination, followed by [[United Church of Canada|United Church]] (11.3%), [[Lutheran]] (7.2%), and other denominations. Others identify as [[Muslim]] (1.9%), [[Buddhist]] (0.9%), [[Hindu]] (0.8%), [[Sikh]] (0.5%), with Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality (0.5%), and with other religions. 27.1% of the population report no religious affiliation.<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4706027&Data=Count&SearchText=regina&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |website=Statistics Canada | date=8 May 2013 }}</ref> ==Economy== [[File:Regina from Number 1 Highway.jpg|thumb|View of Regina from a distance on [[Saskatchewan Highway 1]]. The city is situated on a broad, flat, and largely waterless and treeless plain.]] {{Main|Economy of Regina, Saskatchewan}} {{See also|Regina industry and resources}} Regina, as the capital of Saskatchewan, is the headquarters of a number of Saskatchewan Government organizations, including the [[Saskatchewan Legislative Building]], provincial government ministries, and agencies, boards, and commissions. Also, [[Crown Investments Corporation]] and a number of the Crown Corporations it holds, including [[SaskEnergy]], [[Sask Gaming]], [[Saskatchewan Government Insurance|SGI]], [[SaskPower]], and [[SaskTel]], are based in Regina. The [[Innovation Place Research Park]] immediately adjacent to the University of Regina campus hosts several science and technology companies which conduct research activities in conjunction with University departments. Oil and [[natural gas]], [[potash]],<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |quote=has an estimated 75% of the world's potash reserves |first=Peter |last=Phillips |title=Economy of Saskatchewan |url=http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |website=Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713105624/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |archive-date=13 July 2007 |access-date=1 December 2007}}</ref> [[kaolin]], [[sodium sulphite]] and [[bentonite]] contribute a great part of Regina and area's economy. The completion of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|train]] link between eastern Canada and the then-[[District of Assiniboia]] in 1885, the development of the high-yielding and early-maturing Marquis strain of wheat and the opening of new grain markets in the United Kingdom established the first impetus for economic development and substantial population settlement.<ref name="esask.uregina.ca">[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html Peter Phillips, "Economy of Saskatchewan," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713105624/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/economy_of_saskatchewan.html |date=13 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</ref> The farm and agricultural component is still a significant part of the economy – the [[Saskatchewan Wheat Pool]] (now Viterra Inc.,<ref>[https://leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html Bruce Johnstone, "Viterra announces $1.4B deal to acquire Australian company."] Regina Leader-Post, 19 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609130348/http://www.leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>), "the world's largest grain-handling co-operative" has its headquarters in Regina<ref name="thecanadianencyclopedia.com">[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/regina "Regina: Economy and Labour Force,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035435/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/regina/#h3_jump_4 |date=25 September 2017 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</ref> — but it is no longer the major driver; provincially it has slipped to eighth overall, well behind the natural resources sectors. Modern transport has obviated the development of a significant manufacturing sector and local petroleum refining facilities: the [[Regina Plant|General Motors assembly plant]] north on Winnipeg Street, built in 1927 – when Saskatchewan's agricultural economy was booming and briefly made it the third province of Canada after [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] in both population (at just under one million people, roughly the same population as today<ref name="esask.uregina.ca"/>) and GDP – ceased production during the [[Great Depression in Canada|depression]] of the 1930s. It was resumed by the federal crown during World War II and housed Regina Wartime Industries Ltd., where 1,000 people were engaged in armaments manufacture.<ref>[http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_wartime_industries_ltd.html Lauren Black, "Regina Wartime Industries Ltd.," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020013136/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/regina_wartime_industries_ltd.html |date=20 October 2007 }}. Retrieved 19 November 2007.</ref> It was not returned to private automotive manufacture after the war and became derelict. [[File:Riddell Building, New Campus.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Regina is home to one of Saskatchewan's [[Innovation Place Research Park]]s, a network of [[science park]]s that is funded primarily by the provincial government.]] [[Evraz|EVRAZ]] is a leading world producer of steel plate and pipe. Its Regina operations were founded as Prairie Pipe Manufacturing Company Ltd. on July 13, 1956, a steel pipe plant designed to build small-diameter pipe to serve the Saskatchewan market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> The government-owned Saskatchewan Power Corporation, in the process of expanding Saskatchewan's commercial and residential delivery of natural gas, agreed to purchase its tubular requirements from Prairie Pipe. To supply Prairie Pipe with its own steel supply, a new enterprise named Interprovincial Steel Corporation was founded in 1957, and built a small steel mill on property adjacent to Prairie Pipe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> In 1959, Prairie Pipe purchased all the assets of Interprovincial Steel Corporation because the latter ran into financial difficulties. As a result of this merger, the company became known as Interprovincial Steel and Pipe Corporation, or IPSCO Inc. for short.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan {{!}} Details |url=https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/ipsco_inc.jsp |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=esask.uregina.ca}}</ref> As of July 2007, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swedish steel company [[SSAB]]. On June 12, 2008, Evraz completed its acquisition of IPSCO Inc. from SSAB for approximately US$2.9 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evraz Group S.A. completed its acquisition of IPSCO Inc. {{!}} McCarthy Tétrault |url=https://www.mccarthy.ca/en/work/cases/evraz-group-sa-completed-its-acquisition-ipsco-inc |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.mccarthy.ca |language=en}}</ref> Regina has had the presence of oil refineries in the city. The [[CCRL Refinery Complex|Co-op Refinery Complex]] maintains an {{cvt|103000|oilbbl/d}} refinery and, together with the Province, an upgrading operation for [[heavy crude oil]].<ref>David Hanly, "Oil and Gas Industry," [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/oil_and_gas_industry.html ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010004116/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/oil_and_gas_industry.html|date=10 October 2008}}. Retrieved 15 August 2008.</ref> [[Imperial Oil]] (the Canadian subsidiary of [[Standard Oil]], now [[ExxonMobil]]), maintained a refinery on Winnipeg Street in Regina for many years. This refinery shut down in 1975.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-refinery-contamination-unkown-45-years-later-1.5738396 Geoff Leo, "Extent of contamination from former Regina refinery site still unknown 45 years after shutdown", ''CBC News'', October 5, 2020.]</ref> In the 1990s, a couple of organizations relocated their headquarters to Regina. [[Farm Credit Canada]], a Federal Government Crown Corporation, relocated its headquarters to Regina from Ottawa in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Farm Credit Canada-Financement agricole |title=History {{!}} FCC |url=https://www.fcc-fac.ca/en/about-fcc/corporate-profile/history.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=www.fcc-fac.ca |language=en}}</ref> Crown Life, a significant Canadian and international insurance company, transferred its national head office from Toronto to Regina in 1993 but was acquired by [[Canada Life]] in 1998 and the corporate head office returned to Toronto, though with assurances that the company would retain a strong presence in Regina.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061016174940/http://www.canadalife.com/en/corporate/contente.nsf/AllDocs/588bae86dab0121206256a40004897e0?OpenDocument&AutoFramed Canada Life website, "Canada Life in Agreement with Crown Life; Strong Presence in Regina to Continue, Regina – May 26, 1998]. Retrieved 25 November 2007.</ref> On 19 May 2009 it was announced that [[Viterra]] (formerly Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, becoming Viterra after acquisition of [[Agricore United]]), the largest grain handler in Canada, would acquire [[ABB Grain]] of [[Adelaide, South Australia]] in September 2009. The Head Office would be relocated to Regina, with the worldwide malting headquarters remaining in Adelaide. The two companies together are responsible for 37 percent of the world's exports of wheat, canola and barley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |title=Viterra announces $1.4B deal to acquire Australian company |last=Johnstone |first=Bruce |date=19 May 2009 |newspaper=[[Regina Leader-Post]] |access-date=20 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609130348/http://www.leaderpost.com/Business/Viterra+acquires+Australian+company/1609137/story.html |archive-date=9 June 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2009/may/20/viterra-to-take-over-abb-grain-for-1.6bn|title=Viterra to take over ABB Grain for $1.6bn|last=Toevai|first=Sineva|date=20 May 2009|publisher=[[Lloyd's List DCN]]|access-date=20 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706110315/http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2009/may/20/viterra-to-take-over-abb-grain-for-1.6bn|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20090519/pdf/31hp1sw6yzykj4.pdf |title= ABB Grain and Viterra Announce Agreement to Combine Operations |access-date= 31 May 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324213454/http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20090519/pdf/31hp1sw6yzykj4.pdf |archive-date= 24 March 2012 |url-status= live }} {{small|(54.1 KB)}} ''ABB Grain'', 19 May 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.</ref> [[The Mosaic Company]] has an office in Regina. This office serves as the headquarters for the company's Potash Business Unit.[https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1mzd2Xi1gb270-710bzZokc_B_IU&hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&ll=50.421065454220496%2C-104.21094146526123&spn=0.004764%2C0.007929&z=10&source=embed] ==Education== ===Primary and secondary schooling=== {{Main|List of schools in Regina, Saskatchewan}} [[File:CampbellCollegiate09.jpg|thumb|[[Campbell Collegiate]] is one of eight secondary schools operated by the secular English-language [[Regina Board of Education]].]] The [[Regina Public School Board]] currently operates 45 elementary schools and 9 high schools with approximately 21,000 students enrolled throughout the city. The publicly funded [[Regina Catholic Schools]] [[Separate School]] Board operates 25 elementary schools and 4 high schools, and has a current enrollment of approximately 10,000 students. Public and separate schools are amply equipped with state-of-the-art science labs, gymnasia, drama and arts facilities: already by the 1960s, Regina high schools had television studios, swimming pools, ice rinks and drama facilities. Francophone public schools are operated by the [[Conseil des écoles fransaskoises]]. A small number of parents choose to opt out of the public and separate school systems for home-schooling under the guidance of the Regina Public School Board. Luther College (affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada) is a historical, independent high school; the Regina Huda School offers Islamic education; Harvest City Christian Academy is a private school (occupying the former Sister McGuigan High School site); and the Regina Christian School (in the former Campion College premises) operates as an Associate school of the Regina Public School Division. Historically there were eminent private schools long since closed: Regina College, now the University of Regina but originally a private high school of the Methodist Church of Canada (since 1925 the United Church); the Anglican St Chad's School; the Roman Catholic Campion College, Sacred Heart Academy and Marian High School. ===University of Regina=== {{Main|University of Regina}} [[File:John Archer Library, University of Regina.jpg|thumb|John Archer Library at the [[University of Regina]]. Established in 1911, the institution is the oldest university located in the city.]] In the years prior to the establishment of the [[University of Saskatchewan]], there was continued debate as to which Saskatchewan city would be awarded the provincial university: ultimately Saskatoon won out over Regina and in immediate reaction the [[Methodist Church of Canada]] established Regina College in 1911. Regina College was initially a denominational high school and junior college affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan – the later-established [[Campion College, Regina|Campion]] and [[Luther College (Saskatchewan)|Luther]] Colleges, operated by the Roman Catholic [[Jesuit Order]] and [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada|Lutheran Church]] respectively, operated on the same basis. The [[Anglican Church of Canada|Church of England]] concurrently established St Chad's College, an Anglican theological training facility, and the Qu'Appelle Diocesan School on the Anglican diocesan property immediately to the east of Regina College on College Avenue. All were quasi-tertiary institutions. Ultimately, the financially hard-pressed [[United Church of Canada]] (the successor to the Methodist Church), which in any case had ideological difficulties with the concept of fee-paying private schooling given its longstanding espousal of universal free education from the time of its early father [[Egerton Ryerson]], could no longer maintain Regina College during the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, and Regina College was disaffiliated from the Church and surrendered to the University of Saskatchewan; it became the Regina Campus of the [[University of Saskatchewan]] in 1961. After a protracted contretemps over the siting of several faculties in Saskatoon which had been promised to the Regina campus, Regina Campus sought and obtained a separate charter as the [[University of Regina]] in 1974. [[Campion College, Regina|Campion College]] and [[Luther College (Saskatchewan)|Luther College]] now have [[federated college]] status in the University of Regina, as does the [[First Nations University of Canada]];<ref>*[http://www.firstnationsuniversity.ca/ First Nations University of Canada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829224800/http://www.firstnationsuniversity.ca/ |date=29 August 2008 }}. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</ref> The United Church's Regina College has entirely consolidated with the University of Saskatchewan and identified with St Andrew's College there: despite the considerable historical involvement by the Methodist, Presbyterian and Anglican churches in antecedent institutions of the University of Regina. The [[Regina Research Park]] is located immediately adjacent to the main campus and many of its initiatives in information technology, petroleum and environmental sciences are conducted in conjunction with university departments. A member in the research park is Canada's Petroleum Technology Research facility, a world leader in [[Petroleum extraction|oil recovery]] and geological storage of CO<sub >2</sub>. ===Saskatchewan Polytechnic=== {{Main|Saskatchewan Polytechnic}} The Regina campus<ref>Its Regina presence a merger of the former Wascana Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences and Regina Plains Community College: [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_institute_of_applied_science_and_technology_siast.html Lorne Sparling, "Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology (SIAST)," ''Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005161739/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/saskatchewan_institute_of_applied_science_and_technology_siast.html |date=5 October 2007 }}. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</ref> of this province-wide polytechnic institute is adjacent to the University of Regina. It occupies the former Plains Health Centre, previously a third hospital in Regina which in the course of rationalizing health services in Saskatchewan was in due course closed. It offers certificates, diplomas, and applied degrees in trade, skilled labour, and professional fields.<ref>[http://www.siast.sk.ca/ SIAST website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024192733/http://www.siast.sk.ca/ |date=24 October 2007 }}. Retrieved 19 October 2007.</ref> ===RCMP Academy, Depot Division=== [[File:RCMP cadets.JPG|thumb|RCMP cadets at the RCMP Academy's Depot Division. The Depot has been providing RCMP training since its establishment in 1885.]] {{Main|RCMP Academy, Depot Division}} The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Academy, "Depot" Division, is on the western perimeter of the city. As capital of the North-West Territories, Regina was the headquarters of the [[North-West Mounted Police|Royal North-West Mounted Police]] (the RCMP's predecessor) before "the Force" became a national body with its headquarters in [[Ottawa]] in 1920. The city takes great pride in this national institution which is a major visitor attraction and a continuing link with Regina's past as the headquarters of the Force, together with longstanding substantial enrollment by trainees from across Canada, obtaining entertainment and recreation citywide. It offers sunset ceremonies and parade in the summertime. The national RCMP music and "Depot" Division chapel (the oldest building still standing in the city) are major visitor attractions in Regina. The first phase of a [[RCMP Heritage Centre]] successor to the longstanding museum opened in May 2007. ==Infrastructure== [[File:SaskPower Building, Regina.jpg|thumb|Headquarters for [[SaskPower]]. The provincial [[Crown corporation]] provides power for Regina, as well as maintains the provincial power grid.]] Domestic water was originally obtained from Wascana Lake and later the Boggy Creek reservoir north of the city and supplemented by wells, however by the 1940s this was proving inadequate to meet the city's water supply needs. Today, drinking water is supplied from Buffalo Pound Lake in the [[Qu'Appelle River|Qu'Appelle Valley]], an artificial reservoir on the [[Qu'Appelle River]], since 1967 with water diverted into it from [[Lake Diefenbaker]] behind the [[Gardiner Dam]] on the [[South Saskatchewan River]].<ref>[http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-57.html World Lakes Database: Buffalo Pound Lake.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227180400/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-57.html |date=27 December 2008 }}. Retrieved 8 December 2007.</ref> Electricity is provided by [[SaskPower]], a provincial [[Crown corporation]] which maintains a province-wide grid with power generated from coal-fired base load, natural gas-fired, hydroelectric and wind power facilities. Medical services are provided through three city hospitals, Regina General, Pasqua (formerly Grey Nuns), and Wascana Rehabilitation Centre and by private medical practitioners, who, like hospitals, remit their bills to the public universal medical insurer, the Saskatchewan Medicare system.<ref>See generally [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/medicare.html John A. Boan, "Medicare," ''The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304065832/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/medicare.html |date=4 March 2009 }}. Retrieved 4 February 2009.</ref> ===Policing=== [[Image:Regina ps.jpg|thumb|Seal of the Regina Police Service, with its motto: {{lang-la|Vigilius Genus}}]] The Regina Police Service is the primary police service for the city of Regina and holds both Municipal and Provincial Jurisdiction. It was formed in 1892. It employs 347 sworn officers and 139 unsworn employees. The current [[chief of police]] is Farooq Hassan Sheikh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regina Police Service |url=https://reginapolice.ca/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Regina Police Service |language=en-US}}</ref> The following services also hold jurisdiction in the city and are in partnership: [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], Canadian National Railway Police Service and the [[Canadian Pacific Railway Police Service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reginapolice.ca/chiefsmessage.php |title= Chief's Message |publisher=Regina Police Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627135056/http://www.reginapolice.ca/chiefsmessage.php|archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> ====Crime==== Despite having fallen in recent years, Regina's crime rate remains among the highest in Canada. Regina's overall police-reported crime rate was second highest in the country in 2012. Also, the relative severity of crimes in Regina is quite high and the city continues to top the national Crime Severity Index.<ref name="statcan1">{{cite web |first=Samuel |last=Perreault |title=Police-Reported Crime Statistics in Canada |year=2012 |work=Statistics Canada |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11854-eng.htm |access-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222114305/http://statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11854-eng.htm |archive-date=22 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Regina's crime rate declined 10% from 2011 to 2012.<ref name="statcan1"/> Regina also has one of the highest rates of intravenous drug use in Canada.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Jonathan |last=Gatehouse |date=15 January 2007 |title=Canada's Worst Neighbourhood |magazine=Maclean's |url=http://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=20070115_139375_139375 |access-date=13 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225204806/http://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=20070115_139375_139375 |archive-date=25 December 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" ! colspan="13" | Crime in Regina, SK by Neighbourhood (2013)<ref name="REG Census Neighbourhood">[http://www.regina.ca/residents/urban-planning/read-our-neighbourhood-profiles/ Get to know your Neighbourhood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626162548/http://www.regina.ca/residents/urban-planning/read-our-neighbourhood-profiles/ |date=26 June 2014 }} Retrieved May 2014</ref><ref name="REG Crime Neighbourhood">[http://www.reginapolice.ca/resources/crime/crime-statistics/community-crime-report-2013/ Community Crime Report 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518175536/http://www.reginapolice.ca/resources/crime/crime-statistics/community-crime-report-2013/ |date=18 May 2014 }} Retrieved May 2014</ref><ref>Note: The police reports and the community profiles don't necessarily have the same neighbourhoods, so, for some I had to try to determine (by looking at a map), which belonged together. For that reason, these stats may not be as accurate as they should be, however several neighbourhoods were used on both websites.</ref> |- ! scope="col" |Neighbourhood ! scope="col" |Population (2011) ! scope="col" |Robberies ! scope="col" |Rate ! scope="col" |Homicides ! scope="col" |Rate ! scope="col" |Sexual Assaults ! scope="col" |Rate ! scope="col" |Burglaries (break and enter) ! scope="col" |Rate |- | North Central||10150||77||758.6||3||29.6||21||206.9||255||2512.3 |- | Centre Square/Market Square||3880||24||618.6||1||25.8||6||154.6||32||824.7 |- | Eastview/Warehouse||1885||5||265.3||2||106.1||4||212.2||122||6472.1 |- | Core Group (Heritage Park, Downtown)||6145||16||260.4||1||16.3||12||195.3||63||1025.2 |- | Cathedral||6505||15||230.6||1||15.4||7||107.6||62||953.1 |- | Al Ritchie||7810||9||115.2||0||0||8||102.4||77||985.9 |- | Gladmer Park/Wascana Park||1870||2||107||0||0||3||160.4||10||534.8 |- | Hillsdale||5725||6||104.8||0||0||0||0||21||366.8 |- | North East||7340||7||95.4||1||13.6||3||40.9||61||831.1 |- | Albert Park||12530||8||63.8||0||0||4||31.9||57||454.9 |- | Dieppe||1630||1||61.3||0||0||0||0||18||1104.3 |- | Uplands||5325||3||56.3||0||0||3||56.3||20||375.6 |- | Lakeview||7720||4||51.8||0||0||3||38.9||101||1308.3 |- | Twin Lakes||5850||3||51.3||0||0||0||0||31||529.9 |- | Dewdney East||17195||8||46.5||0||0||12||69.8||56||325.7 |- | Coronation Park||6855||3||43.8||1||14.6||7||102.1||45||656.5 |- | Regent Park||2805||1||35.7||0||0||3||107||21||748.7 |- | Rosemont/Mount Royal||8600||3||34.9||0||0||2||23.3||68||790.7 |- | Normanview West||2940||1||34||0||0||0||0||17||578.2 |- | Walsh Acres||11750||2||17||0||0||0||0||34||289.4 |- | Whitmore Park||6450||1||15.5||0||||0||0||10||155 |- | Prairie View||7015||1||14.3||0||0||0||0||55||784 |- | Arcola East: Gardiner Park, University Park||24000||2||8.3||0||0||4||16.7||73||304.2 |- | Sherwood Estates||6450||0||0||0||0||1||15.5||16||248.1 |- | Normanview||4135||0||0||0||0||0||0||8||193.5 |- | Argyle Park||3795||0||0||0||0||0||0||21||553.4 |- | Boothill||2615||0||0||0||0||1||38.2||20||764.8 |- | McNab||915||0||0||0||0||0||0||7||765 |- | Lakeridge||6200||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0 |} ==Transportation== ===Public transportation=== The city's public transit agency, [[Regina Transit]], operates a fleet of 110 buses, on 17 routes, and 4 express routes. The service runs 7 days a week with access to the city centre from most areas of the city. Regina formerly had an extensive [[streetcar]] (tramway) network but now has no streetcars, trains or subways. A massive fire at the streetcar barns, on 23 January 1949, destroyed much of the rolling stock of streetcars and trolley buses<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/regina/north/fire_dept.html |title=Regina: The Early Years 1880–1950 |publisher=Scaa.usask.ca |access-date=14 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312133443/http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/regina/north/fire_dept.html |archive-date=12 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and helped to propel Regina's diesel bus revolution in 1951, although until well into the 1970s the streetcar rails remained in the centre of many major streets, ready to be returned to use should city transit policy change. Because of the 1949 fire, original Regina streetcar rolling stock was rare, though through later years a few disused streetcars remained in evidence – a streetcar with takeaway food, for example, on the site of the Regina Theatre at 12th Avenue and Hamilton Street, until the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] acquired the site and built its 60s-through-90s department store there. [[File:Regina buses 2755362172.jpg|thumb|left|Operating a fleet of buses, [[Regina Transit]] is a public transportation agency operated by the city.]] Major roads in the city include [[Ring Road (Regina, Saskatchewan)|Ring Road]], a high speed connection between Regina's east and northwest that loops around the city's east side. The west side of the loop is formed by a south-north route, [[Lewvan Drive & Pasqua Street|Lewvan Drive, which becomes Pasqua Street in the city's north end]]. This route connects the [[Trans-Canada Highway|Trans-Canada highway]] and [[Saskatchewan Highway 11|Highway 11]]. Also, the [[Regina Bypass]] encircles the city farther out.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature: East Regina TCH |url=http://www.saskhighways.homestead.com/regina_TCH.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125064726/http://www.saskhighways.homestead.com/regina_TCH.html |archive-date=25 November 2006 |access-date=21 September 2006 |publisher=Saskatchewan Highways}}</ref> ===Inter-city transportation=== By road, Regina can be reached by several highways including the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] from the west and east sides and four provincial highways ([[Saskatchewan Highway 6|6]], [[Saskatchewan Highway 11|11]], [[Saskatchewan Highway 33|33]], [[Saskatchewan Highway 46|46]]) from other directions. By air, [[Regina International Airport]] serves Regina and area. As of January 2023, non-stop scheduled flights go to and from [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]], and [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|Winnipeg]]. There are seasonal flights to and from [[Montréal–Trudeau International Airport|Montreal]] (summer), Las Vegas, Orlando, Phoenix, and destinations in Mexico and the Caribbean (winter).[https://www.yqr.ca/en/traveller-info/flight-information/where-we-fly] The airport is situated on the west side of the city and is the oldest established commercial airport in Canada.<ref name="Coneghan" /> The current, continually expanded, 1960 terminal replaces the original 1940 [[Art Deco]] terminal; it has recently undergone further major upgrades and expansions to allow it to handle increases in traffic for the next several years. Private aircraft is facilitated at the Regina Flying Club and Western Air hangars near the Regina International Airport. By bus, Rider Express, whose Regina office and stop are located at 1517 11th Avenue,[https://riderexpress.ca/locations/] provides direct inter-city bus service from Regina to centres along the Trans-Canada Highway and Highway 11.[https://riderexpress.ca/routes/] The [[Saskatchewan Transportation Company|Saskatchewan Transportation Company (STC)]], a Saskatchewan Crown Corporation, provided bus service in the province until it was shut down in 2017.[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/saskatchewan-bus-company-stc-end-service-shut-down-1.4036612] [[Greyhound Canada]] discontinued service in Saskatchewan and Western Canada in 2018.[https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/greyhound-western-canada-1.4884374] The five decades-old bus depot on Hamilton Street immediately south of the Hotel Saskatchewan was replaced in 2008 by one at 1717 Saskatchewan Drive (corner of Saskatchewan Drive and Broad Street). This building has been converted into the new Regina Police Service headquarters as of 2019.<ref>"STC bus depot," ''wikimapia''. http://www.wikimapia.org/1889246/STC-bus-depot {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904100836/http://wikimapia.org/1889246/STC-bus-depot |date=4 September 2015 }} 19 August 2012.</ref> By rail, inter-city passenger train service has not operated in Regina since 1990. In the past, passenger trains constituted the principal mode of transportation among Western Canadian cities. The last [[Via Rail]] train left Regina on January 16, 1990. Regina's Union Station in the city's downtown became [[Casino Regina]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=OH! |title=History « Casinos Regina & Moose Jaw |url=https://casinoregina.com/about/history |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=casinoregina.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Media== {{Main|Media of Regina, Saskatchewan}} The daily newspaper for the city is ''[[The Leader-Post]]'', first published in 1883 and currently owned by [[Postmedia Network]].<ref>[https://leaderpost.com/ Leader-Post website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127005637/https://leaderpost.com/ |date=27 January 2019 }}. Retrieved 3 February 2010.</ref> The ''[[Regina Sun]]'' was published on weekends by ''The Leader-Post'' and distributed free of charge until 2015. ''Prairie Dog'' was established in 1993 and is a free alternative newspaper and blog produced by a Saskatchewan worker co-operative. ''L'eau vive'' is a weekly newspaper publishing in French and serving all of Saskatchewan's francophone community. The thirteen radio stations broadcasting from the city include [[CKRM]] 620, [[CJME]] News/Talk 980, FM 90.3 [[CJLR-FM-4]] MBC Radio First Nations community radio Missinipi Broadcasting Corporation, FM 91.3 [[CJTR-FM]] 91.3 CJTR community radio, FM 97.7 [[CBKF-FM]] Première Chaîne news/talk (CBC, French), and FM 102.5 [[CBKR-FM]] CBC Radio One news/talk (CBC). There are four private and public television channels broadcasting from Regina: [[CKCK-TV]] ([[CTV Television Network|CTV]]), [[CBKT]] ([[CBC Television|CBC]]), [[CFRE-TV]] ([[Global Television Network|Global]]), and [[CBKFT]] ([[Télévision de Radio-Canada|SRC]]). Educational channel [[City Saskatchewan]] (formerly the Saskatchewan Communications Network) and a community channel owned by Regina's cable provider [[Access Communications]] are also available on cable. == Friendship and sister city relations == The City of Regina maintains trade development programs, cultural, and educational partnerships in a [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinning]] agreement with Bucharest, Romania<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/cu-infratit-bucurestiult-1_50bdf86b7c42d5a663d0ec3e/index.html |title=Cu cine este înfrățit Bucureștiul? |work=[[Adevărul]] |date=21 February 2011 |language=ro}}</ref> and Jinan, Shandong, China,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/china-chine/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/twinning_relationships_relations_jumelage.aspx?lang=eng|title=Canada China Twinning Relationships|last=Government of Canada|first=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada|website=www.canadainternational.gc.ca|access-date=2019-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320053151/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/china-chine/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/twinning_relationships_relations_jumelage.aspx?lang=eng|archive-date=20 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and a friendship agreement with Fujioka, Gunma, Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reginask.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=4642&MediaPosition=&ID=4102&CssClass=|title=CR19-58 City of Regina – City of Fujioka, Japan – Friendship City Agreement – City of Regina, Saskatchewan CA|website=reginask.iqm2.com|access-date=2019-07-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.620ckrm.com/2019/08/03/regina-signs-official-friendship-agreement-with-fujioka-japan/|title=Regina signs official friendship agreement with Fujioka, Japan|last=Canales|first=Moises|website=620 CKRM The Source {{!}} Country Music, News, Sports in Sask|language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regina.ctvnews.ca/mobile/regina-signs-friendship-agreement-with-fujioka-japan-1.4535797|title=Regina signs Friendship Agreement with Fujioka, Japan|date=2019-08-03|website=Regina|language=en|access-date=2019-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142410/https://regina.ctvnews.ca/mobile/regina-signs-friendship-agreement-with-fujioka-japan-1.4535797|archive-date=5 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !City !Country !Date |- |[[Bucharest]] |Romania |2011 |- |[[Jinan]] |China |1987 |- |[[Fujioka, Gunma|Fujioka]] |Japan |2019 |} ==Notable people== {{Main|List of people from Regina, Saskatchewan}} ==See also== * [[HMCS Regina|HMCS ''Regina'']] * [[List of mayors of Regina, Saskatchewan]] * [[Royal eponyms in Canada]] == Notes == {{notelist|30em}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} == Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} * "Germantown" 11th Avenue East. Regina's Heritage Tours, City of Regina, 1994. * {{cite book|last1=Argan|first1=William|title=Cornerstones 2: An Artist's History of the City of Regina|place=Regina|publisher=Centax Books|date=2000}} * {{cite book|last1=Argan|first1=William|title=Cornerstones: An Artist's History of the City of Regina|place=Regina|publisher=Centax Books|date=1995}} * {{cite book|last1=Barnhart|first1=Gordon|title=Building for the Future: A Photo Journal of Saskatchewan's Legislative Building|publisher=Canadian Plains Research Center|date=2002|isbn=0-88977-145-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Brennan|first1=J. William|title=Regina, an illustrated history|place=Toronto|publisher=James Lorimer & Co.|date=1989}} * {{cite book|editor-last1=Brennan|editor-first1=William J.|title= Regina Before Yesterday: A Visual History 1882 to 1945|publisher=City of Regina|year=1978}} * '{{cite book|title=Castles of the North: Canada's Grand Hotels|place=Toronto|publisher= Lynx Images Inc.|year=2001}} * {{cite book|last1=Chapel Royal Canadian Mounted Police|title=Training Academy|place= Regina, Saskatchewan|type= brochure|year= 1990}} * {{cite book|last1=Drake|first1=Earl G.|title=Regina, the Queen City|place=Toronto|publisher= McClelland & Stewart|year=1955}} * {{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=Bob|title=The Big Dig: the Miracle of Wascana Centre|place=Regina|publisher=Centax Books|year= 2004}} * {{cite book|last1=Neal|first1=May|title=Regina, Queen City of the Plains: 50 Years of Progress|place=Regina|publisher=Western * Printers|year=1953}} * {{cite book|title=Regina Court House Official Opening|type=brochure|year=1961}} * ''Regina Leader-Post'' * {{cite book|last1=Riddell|first1=W. A. |title=The Origin and Development of Wascana Centre|place=Regina|year=1962}} * The Morning Leader (Newspaper) {{Refend}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Regina, Saskatchewan}} *{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Diocese of Regina}} {{Wiktionary|Regina}} {{Wikivoyage|Regina}} *{{Offficial website}} {{Geographic location| North=[[Lumsden, Saskatchewan|Lumsden]]| West=[[Moose Jaw]]| Center=Regina| East=[[Pilot Butte, Saskatchewan|Pilot Butte]], [[White City, Saskatchewan|White City]], [[Balgonie, Saskatchewan|Balgonie]]| South=[[Weyburn]]}} {{Subdivisions of Saskatchewan}} {{SKDivision6}} {{Canada capitals}} {{Census metropolitan areas by size}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Regina, Saskatchewan| ]] [[Category:Cities in Saskatchewan]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1882]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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