Patriarch

{{Short description|Highest-ranking bishop in Christianity}}
{{About|the title in Christianity}}
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar|expanded=organization}}
{{Catholic Church Hierarchy}}

The highest-ranking [[bishop]]s in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], the [[Catholic Church]] (above [[major archbishop]] and [[primate (bishop)|primate]]), the [[Hussite Church]], [[Church of the East]], and some [[Independent Catholicism|Independent Catholic Churches]] are termed '''patriarchs''' (and in certain cases also ''[[Pope (word)|popes]]'' – such as the [[Pope of Rome]] or [[Pope of Alexandria]], and ''[[catholicos|catholicoi]]'' – such as [[Catholicos Karekin II]], and [[Baselios Thomas I|Baselios Thomas I Catholicos of the East]]).<ref name="Hill2001">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Don |title=Czech Republic: Hussite Church History Mirrors That Of Nation |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1097922.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |access-date=8 May 2021 |language=English |date=7 November 2001}}</ref>

The word is derived from [[Greek language|Greek]] πατριάρχης (''patriarchēs''),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpatria%2Frxhs πατριάρχης], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> meaning "chief or father of a family",<ref name=OnEtDi/> a compound of πατριά (''patria''),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpatria%2F πατριά], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> meaning "family", and ἄρχειν (''archein''),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=a%29%2Frxw&la=greek&can=a%29%2Frxw0&prior=o(&d=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/rxwn&i=1#lexicon ἄρχω], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> meaning "to rule".<ref name=OnEtDi>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=patriarch Online Etymological Dictionary: "patriarch"]</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/patriarch Merriam-Webster: "patriarch"]</ref><ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/patriarch American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: "patriarch"]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101104164557/http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0610420#DWS-M_EN_GB-047375 Oxford Dictionaries: "patriarch"]</ref>

Originally, a ''patriarch'' was a man who exercised [[Autocracy|autocratic]] authority as a [[pater familias]] over an [[extended family]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Life In Roman Times. Family Life |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/family.html |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=8 May 2021 |language=English}}</ref> The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed [[patriarchy]]. Historically, a patriarch has often been the logical choice to act as [[ethnarch]] of the community identified with his religious confession within a state or empire of a different [[creed]] (such as Christians within the [[Ottoman Empire]]). The term developed an ecclesiastical meaning within [[Christianity]]. The office and the ecclesiastical circumscription of a [[Christianity|Christian]] patriarch is termed a ''[[patriarchate]]''.

[[Abraham]], [[Isaac]], and [[Jacob]] are referred to as the three [[patriarchs (Bible)|patriarchs]] of the [[Israelite|people of Israel]], and the period during which they lived is termed the [[Patriarchal Age]]. The word ''patriarch'' originally acquired its religious meaning in the [[Septuagint]] version of the [[Bible]].<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Patriarch}}</ref>

==Catholic Church==
[[File:External Ornaments of Primates and Patriarchs.svg|thumb|150px|Catholic Patriarchal (non [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]) coat of arms]]

===Patriarchs===
[[File:1800 Wilkinson Map of the 4 Eastern Churches rectified.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Map of Justinian's Pentarchy]]
[[File:Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak par Claude Truong-Ngoc mars 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Patriarch of Alexandria]] [[Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak]] wearing a distinctive clothing of a patriarch]]
In the [[Catholic Church]], the bishop who is head of a particular [[sui iuris|autonomous church]], known in canon law as a church ''sui iuris'', is ordinarily a patriarch, though this responsibility can be entrusted to a major archbishop, metropolitan, or other prelate for a number of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Code of Canons of Eastern Churches|date=1990|pages=58–59}}</ref>

Since the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicaea]], the bishop of Rome has been recognized as the first among patriarchs.<ref>{{cite web|title=DOCUMENTS FROM THE FIRST COUNCIL OF NICEA|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nicea1.txt|website=History Sourcebooks Project|publisher=Fordham university|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> That council designated three bishops with this 'supra-Metropolitan' title: Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. In the [[Pentarchy]] formulated by [[Justinian I]] (527–565), the emperor assigned as a patriarchate to the Bishop of Rome the whole of Christianized Europe (including almost all of modern [[Greece]]), except for the region of [[Thrace]], the areas near [[Constantinople]], and along the coast of the Black Sea. He included in this patriarchate also the western part of North Africa. The jurisdictions of the other patriarchates extended over Roman Asia, and the rest of Africa. Justinian's system was given formal ecclesiastical recognition by the [[Quinisext Council]] of 692, which the [[Holy See|see of Rome]] has, however, not recognized.

There were at the time bishops of other apostolic sees that operated with patriarchal authority beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, such as the [[List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East|Catholicos of Selucia-Ctesephon]].

Today, the patriarchal heads of Catholic autonomous churches are:<ref>{{cite web|title=Patriarchs|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/patriarchs.htm|website=GCCatholic.org|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Bishop of Rome|Patriarch of Rome (Pope)]], as head of the [[Latin Church]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maloney|first1=G.A.|author-link1=Rome, Patriarchate of|title=New Catholic Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0787640040|pages=15 vols|edition=Revised}}</ref>
* The [[Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria|Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (Pope)]] and head of the [[Coptic Catholic Church]], recognised 1824
*The [[Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch|Maronite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]] and head of the [[Maronite Church]], recognised 685
* The [[Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch|Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]], of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, head of the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]; in his case, Antioch is the actual and sole patriarchate, Alexandria and Jerusalem are just titular (once residential) patriarchates vested in his see.
*The [[Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]] and head of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]]
*The [[Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad|Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Baghdad]] and head of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], recognised 1553
*The [[Patriarchate of Cilicia|Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia]] and head of the [[Armenian Catholic Church]], recognised 1742
Four more of the [[Eastern Catholic Church]]es are headed by a prelate known as a "[[Major Archbishop]],"<ref>{{cite book|title=Code of Canons of Eastern Churches|date=1990|publisher=Catholic Church|pages=151–154}}</ref> a title essentially equivalent to that of Patriarch and originally created by [[Pope Paul VI]] in 1963 for [[Josyf Slipyj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG1199/_P48.HTM |title=CCEO: text - IntraText CT |publisher=Intratext.com |date=4 May 2007 |access-date=28 February 2011}}</ref>

===Minor Latin patriarchates===
Minor patriarchs do not have jurisdiction over other metropolitan bishops. The title is granted purely as an honour for various historical reasons. They take precedence after the heads of autonomous churches in full communion, whether pope, patriarch, or major archbishop. 
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], established 1099.
*The [[Patriarch of the East Indies]], a titular patriarchal see, united to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Goa and Daman]], established 1886.
*The [[Patriarch of Lisbon]], established 1716.
*The [[Patriarch of Venice]], established 1451.

====Historical Latin patriarchates====
* The [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] – with rival line of succession moved to Grado – dissolved in 1752.
* The [[Patriarch of Grado]] – in 1451 merged with the Bishopric of Castello and Venice to form the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Venice (later a residential Patriarchate itself).
* The [[Patriarch of the West Indies]] – a titular patriarchal see, vacant since 1963.
* The [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The titular [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The [[Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia]] – 1555 to 1663, never effective, only held by Iberian [[Jesuits]]

==== Patriarch as title ''ad personam'' ====
The pope can confer the rank of patriarch without any see, upon an individual archbishop, as happened on 24 February 1676 to [[Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinal)|Alessandro Crescenzi]], of the [[Somascans]], former [[Latin Titular Patriarch of Alexandria]] (19 January 1671 – retired 27 May 1675), who nevertheless resigned the title on 9 January 1682.

===="Patriarch of the West"====
{{main|Patriarch of the West}}
In theological and other scholarly literature of the [[Early Modern]] period, the title "[[Patriarch of the West]]" ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Patriarcha Occidentis''; [[Greek language|Greek]]: Πατριάρχης τῆς Δύσεως) was mainly used as designation for the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome over the [[Latin Church]] in the West. From 1863 to 2005, the title "Patriarch of the West" was appended to the list of papal titles in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', which in 1885 became a semi-official publication of the Holy See. This was done without historical precedent or theological justification: There was no ecclesiastical office as such, except occasionally as a truism: the patriarch of Rome, for the [[Latin Church]], was the only patriarch, and the only apostolic see, in the "west".

The title was not included in the 2006 ''Annuario''. On 22 March 2006, the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]] offered an explanation for the decision to remove the title. It stated that the title "Patriarch of the West" had become "obsolete and practically unusable" when the term ''the West'' comprises Australia, New Zealand and North America in addition to Western Europe, and that it was "pointless to insist on maintaining it" given that, since the [[Second Vatican Council]], the [[Latin Church]], for which "the West" is an equivalent, has been organized as a number of [[episcopal conference]]s and their international groupings.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/communique-on-title-patriarch-of-west | work=Zenit | title=Communiqué on title 'Patriarch of the West' | date= 22 March 2006| access-date = 20 December 2017}}</ref>

Though the formulation "Patriarch of the West" is no longer used, the pope in that role issues the ''Code of Canon Law'' for the Latin Church. During the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)|Synod of Bishops]] on the Middle East in 2009, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appeared, as patriarch of the Latin Church, with the other patriarchs, but without the [[Latin patriarch of Jerusalem]], though he was present at the same synod.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of the Eastern Catholic Patriarchs and Major Archbishops with Pope Benedict XVI|url=http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.it/2009/09/meeting-of-eastern-catholic-patriarchs.html|website=Society of St. John Chrysostom| access-date=30 September 2017|date=20 September 2009}}</ref>

===Current and historical Catholic patriarchates===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+Current and historical Catholic patriarchates
|-
! Type
! Church
! Patriarchate
! Patriarch
|-
|rowspan="7"| Patriarchs<br>of autonomous<br>particular churches
| [[Latin Church|Latin]]
| [[Pope|Rome]]
| [[Pope Francis]]
|-
| [[Coptic Catholic Church|Coptic]]
| [[List of Coptic Catholic Patriarchs of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
| [[Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak]]
|-
| [[Syriac Catholic Church|Syrian]]
| [[List of Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch]]
| [[Ignatius Joseph III Younan]]
|-
| [[Maronite Church|Maronite]]
| [[List of Maronite Patriarchs|Antioch]]
| [[Bechara Boutros al-Rahi]]
|-
| [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek-Melkite]]
| [[List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch]]
| [[Youssef Absi]]
|-
| [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian]]
| [[List of Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia|Cilicia]]
| [[Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian]]
|-
| [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean]]
| [[List of Chaldean Catholic patriarchs of Baghdad|Baghdad]]
| [[Louis Raphaël I Sako]]
|-
|rowspan="10"| Titular<br>[[Latin Church]]<br>patriarchs
| Latin
| [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1751
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Grado|Grado]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1451
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]
| [[Pierbattista Pizzaballa]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Lisbon|Lisbon]]
| [[Rui Valério]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Venice|Venice]]
| [[Francesco Moraglia]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch|Antioch]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople|Constantinople]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of the East Indies|East Indies]]
| [[Filipe Neri Ferrão]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarchate of the West Indies|West Indies]]
|style="text-align:center"| vacant since 1963
|-

|}

== Eastern Christianity ==

===Eastern Orthodox===
{{Main|Eastern Orthodox}}
*The five ancient Patriarchates, the [[Pentarchy]], listed in order of preeminence ranked by the [[Quinisext Council]] in 692: 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+The five ancient Patriarchates, the [[Pentarchy]]
|-
! Title
! Church
! Recognition / Additional notes
|-
| [[Pope|Patriarch of Rome]]
| the Pope of Rome
| Originally "[[primus inter pares]]" according to Eastern Orthodoxy, recognized in 325 by [[First Council of Nicaea]]. Currently not an Episcopal or Patriarchal authority in the Eastern Orthodox Church, following [[the Great Schism|the Great Schism in 1054]].
|-
| [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]
| the chief of the [[Orthodox Church of Constantinople]]
| The "[[primus inter pares]]" of [[East-West Schism|post-Schism]] [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], recognized in 451 by [[Council of Chalcedon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Правило 28 - IV Вселенский Собор – Халкидонский (451г.) - Церковное право |url=https://azbyka.ru/pravo/chetvertyj-vselenskij-sobor-28/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=azbyka.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref>
|-
| [[List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria|Patriarch of Alexandria]]
| the Pope of All Africa and the chief of the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria]]
| Recognized in 325 by [[First Council of Nicaea]].
|-
| [[List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]]
| the  head of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church of Antioch|Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and All the East]] in the Near East
| Recognized in 325 by [[First Council of Nicaea]].
|-
| [[Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem|Patriarch of Jerusalem]]
| the chief of the [[Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] in Israel, Palestine, Jordan and All Arabia
| Recognized in 451 by [[Council of Chalcedon]].
|}

*The five junior Patriarchates created after the consolidation of the Pentarchy, in chronological order of their recognition as Patriarchates by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+The five junior Patriarchates created after the consolidation of the Pentarchy
|-
! Title
! Church
! Recognition / Additional notes
|-
| [[Patriarch of All Bulgaria]] 
| the chief of the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] in [[Bulgaria]]
| Recognized as a Patriarchate in 918-919/927<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=20&IndexView=toc Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115090201/http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=20&IndexView=toc |date=2009-01-15 }} (ID: 20).</ref>
|-
| [[Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia]]
| the chief of the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| Recognized as a Catholicate (Patriarchate) in 1008<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=21&IndexView=toc Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral support] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115171401/http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=21&IndexView=toc |date=2009-01-15 }} (ID: 21).</ref>
|-
| [[List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Patriarch]]
| the chief of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] in [[Serbia]] (and the former [[Yugoslavia]])
| Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1375<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=18&IndexView=toc Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115030810/http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=18&IndexView=toc |date=2009-01-15 }} (ID: 18).</ref>
|-
| [[List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow|Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]] 
| the chief of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] in [[Russia]]
| Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1593<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=17&IndexView=toc Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115041625/http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=17&IndexView=toc |date=2009-01-15 }} (ID: 17).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=КОНСТАНТИНОПОЛЬСКИЙ СОБОР 1593 - Древо |url=http://drevo-info.ru/articles/13679594.html |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=drevo-info.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
| [[Patriarch of All Romania]] 
| the chief of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] in [[Romania]]
| Recognized as a Patriarchate in 1925<ref>[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=19&IndexView=toc Catholic Near East Welfare Association, a Papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral assistance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115035901/http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=19&IndexView=toc |date=2009-01-15 }} (ID: 19).</ref>
|}

===Patriarchs outside the Eastern Orthodox Communion===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+Patriarchs outside the Eastern Orthodox Communion
|-
! Title
! Church
|-
| [[Russian Old-Orthodox Church|Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]] 
| The chief of the [[Russian Old-Orthodox Church]].
|-
| The Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine 
| The chief of the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical]].
|-
| Patriarch of the [[Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate]]
|
|}

===Oriental Orthodox Churches===
{{Main|Oriental Orthodoxy}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+Oriental Orthodox leaders
|-
!Church
! Title
! Authority
! Additional notes
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Coptic Orthodox Church]]
| [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa]] 
| The chief of the  Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria in Egypt and All Africa
| The Spiritual Leader of [[Oriental Orthodoxy]].
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church]]
|[[List of Abunas of Ethiopia|Archbishop of Axum and Patriarch Catholicos of All Ethiopia]]
| Chief of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in [[Ethiopia]]
|
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Eritrean Orthodox Church]]
| [[List of Patriarchs of Eritrea|Archbishop of Asmara and Patriarch of All Eritrea]]
| Chief of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in [[Eritrea]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]
| [[List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]]
| The chief of the Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch
| Supreme Leader of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church.
|-
| [[Catholicos of India]]
| [[Maphrian]], the second highest ecclesiastical authority in the Syriac Orthodox Church
| The local head of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]]
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Indian Orthodox Church]]
| [[Catholicos of the East (Indian Orthodox Church)|Catholicos of the East]].
| Holds the additional title of [[Malankara Metropolitan]]
| The supreme leader of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
|-
|rowspan="4"| [[Armenian Orthodox Church]]
| [[List of Catholicoi of Armenia|Catholicos of Etchmiadzin, Armenia and of All Armenians]] 
| Supreme leader of the  Armenian Apostolic Church
| Supreme Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church
|-
| [[Catholicos of Cilicia]]
| Chief of the [[Holy See of Cilicia|Armenian Apostolic Church of the Great House of Cilicia]]
| Chief of [[Armenian diaspora|Diasporan Armenians]] of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Headquartered in [[Antelias]], [[Lebanon]]
|- 
| ---[[List of Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople|Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople]] 
| Chief of the [[Armenians in Turkey]].
|
|-
| ---[[List of Armenian Patriarchs of Jerusalem|Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem and of Holy Zion]]
| Chief of [[Armenians in Israel|Armenians in Jerusalem]], Israel, Palestine, Jordan and the Persian Gulf
|
|}

===Church of the East===
{{Main|Nestorianism|List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East|Catholicos of the East (disambiguation)}}

[[Catholicose of the East]] is the title that has been held by the ecclesiastical heads of the [[Church of the East]], the Grand Metropolitan of [[Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], since AD. 280.

It refers to [[Patriarchs of the Church of the East]], primate (Catholicos-Patriarch) of the Church of the East now divided into:
*[[List of Patriarchs of the Assyrian Church of the East|Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East]].
*[[List of Patriarchs of the Ancient Church of the East|Catholicos-Patriarchs of the Ancient Church of the East]] (since 1964)

== Other Christian denominations ==
The title of "Patriarch" is assumed also by the leaders of certain [[Christian denominations]], who are seldom in communion with none of the historic Christian Churches. Many, but not necessarily all such patriarchs are church leaders of the following Churches:

;Hussite
*The Patriarch of the [[Czechoslovak Hussite Church]] mainly in the [[Czech Republic]] and also some parts of [[Slovakia]].<ref name="Hill2001"/>

;Independent Catholic
*The Patriarch of the [[Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch]].<ref>When a woman was elected head of this Church, she was styled [[Matriarch]]. {{cite web|url=http://www.churchofantioch.org/coa/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D29%26Itemid%3D45 |title=The Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch - Directory of Administration |access-date=2010-03-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705133253/http://www.churchofantioch.org/coa/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=45 |archive-date=2010-07-05 }}</ref>
*The Patriarch Juan Almario E.M. Calampiano of the [[Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines)|Apostolic Catholic Church]] in the [[Philippines]].
*The Patriarch of the [[Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]] in [[Brazil]] (Not officially used, but described in a similarly holy level).
*Patriarch Dr. +John Paul Hozvicka "Servant of Christ Jesus of the Catholic Faith" United States
*The Patriarch of the [[Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church]] in [[Venezuela]].

;Independent Eastern Catholic 
*The Patriarch of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church]] in [[Ukraine]].

;Independent Eastern Orthodox
*The Patriarch of the [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]].

;Independent Oriental Orthodox
*The Patriarch of the [[British Orthodox Church]].

;Protestant
*The Patriarch of the International Communion of the [[Charismatic Episcopal Church]].

;Latter Day Saint movement
{{Main|Patriarch (Latter Day Saints)}}
In the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], a [[Patriarch (Latter Day Saints)|patriarch]] is one who has been ordained to the office of patriarch in the [[Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Melchizedek priesthood]]. The term is considered synonymous with the term [[Evangelist (Latter Day Saints)|evangelist]], a term favored by the [[Community of Christ]]. In [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], one of the patriarch's primary responsibilities is to give [[patriarchal blessing]]s, as Jacob did to his twelve sons according to the Old Testament. Patriarchs are typically assigned in each [[Stake (Mormonism)|stake]] and possess the title for life.

==Manichaeism ==
The term patriarch has also been used for the leader of the extinct [[Manichaeism|Manichaean]] religion, initially based at [[Ctesiphon]] (near modern-day [[Baghdad]]) and later at [[Samarkand]].


==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[List of current patriarchs]]
* [[Lists of Patriarchs]]
* [[Catholicos]]
* [[Patriarchate]]
* [[Patriarchy]]
* [[Matriarchy]]
* [[List of Bishops and Archbishops]]
* [[Major archbishop]]
* [[List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow]]
* [[Rishama]] in Mandaeism

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Nedungatt|editor-first=George|editor-link=George Nedungatt|title=A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fEkAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|location=Rome|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|isbn=9788872103364}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/patriarchs.htm Current and former patriarchates of the Catholic Church (GCatholic)]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/type-t1.htm Current titular patriarchal sees of the Catholic Church (GCatholic)]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/type-patr.htm Current patriarchates of the Catholic Church (GCatholic)].
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Religious_Organizations.html WorldStatesmen - Religious Organisations]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Patriarch|short=x}}
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Patriarchs |short=x}}

{{Catholicism}}
{{Patriarchates in Christianity}}
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[[Category:Church patriarchs| ]]
[[Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles]]
[[Category:Episcopacy in Eastern Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Episcopacy in Oriental Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]