PTL Satellite Network

{{short description|Evangelical Christian television network}}
{{Infobox broadcasting network
| name             = PTL Satellite Network, or PTL Television Network
| type             = [[Religious broadcasting|Religious Broadcasting Network]]
| founder          = [[Jim Bakker]]<br>[[Tammy Faye Bakker]]
| launch_date      = 1974<br>1990: as The New Inspirational Network (INSP)<br>2015: as PTL Television Network
| country          = United States
| slogan           =
| available        = National
| key_people       = Jim Bakker—[[President (corporate title)|President]]<br>[[Richard Dortch]]—[[Chairman]]
|network_logo=}}

The '''PTL Television Network''', often referred to as simply '''PTL''',<ref>Praise the Lord</ref> is an American [[evangelical Christian]] [[television network]] originally located in [[Fort Mill, South Carolina|Fort Mill]], [[South Carolina]], founded by [[Jim Bakker|Jim]] and [[Tammy Faye Bakker]] in 1974 and dedicated in April 1977. During PTL's fourteen-year history, the Bakkers, as hosts of the network's flagship talk show, ''[[The PTL Club]]'', became two of the most recognizable and highly-rated [[televangelism|televangelists]] in the U.S. However, PTL collapsed in 1987 after a former church secretary, [[Jessica Hahn]], accused the evangelist of [[rape]], while later financial scandals revealed that the couple had used the nonprofit PTL's donations to fund an opulent personal lifestyle. Bakker went to prison for [[embezzlement]] in 1989.

After PTL declared bankruptcy, the cable network was sold in 1989 to [[Morris Cerullo]] World Evangelism of [[San Diego]], [[California]], and was eventually named ''[[INSP (TV channel)|INSP]]'', now headquartered at facilities that were constructed in [[Indian Land, South Carolina]]. Twenty years after his release from prison, Bakker, having gone back into television evangelism, purchased PTL's [[trademark]] and logo and relaunched the network.

== History ==
In 1960, [[Jim Bakker]] met [[Tammy Faye Messner|Tammy Faye LaValley]] while both were students at [[North Central University]] in [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Welch|first=William M.| title=Ex-wife of evangelist Jim Bakker dies|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 21, 2007|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-07-21-tammy-faye_N.htm | access-date=2007-11-29 }}</ref> Tammy Faye worked in a boutique, while Jim found work in a restaurant inside a Minneapolis department store. They were married on April 1, 1961, and left bible college to become [[itinerant minister|itinerant]] evangelists.

In 1966, the Bakkers began working at [[Pat Robertson]]'s [[Christian Broadcasting Network]] (CBN) in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], [[Virginia]], which at the time barely reached an audience of thousands. The Bakkers would make contributions to CBN as a nationally recognized television ministry.<ref name=Jay>Jay Bakker, ''Son of a Preacher Man''. New York: Harper Collins, 2001 ({{ISBN|0-06-251698-1}}).</ref>{{rp|6}} The couple hosted ''Come On Over'', a variety program hosted by the Bakkers and several [[puppet]] characters. The program was aimed at young children, whom they entertained with comic routines with the puppets, as well as airings of ''[[Davey and Goliath]]'', a claymation [[Bible]]-story series. Due to the success of ''Come On Over'', Robertson made Bakker the host of a new prime-time talk show called ''[[The 700 Club]]'', which would gradually become CBN's flagship program, and become syndicated on numerous cable channels and network affiliates.

In the early 1970s, the Bakkers left CBN and traveled, holding [[telethon]]s at Christian TV stations. In [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[North Carolina]], the Bakkers set up [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]] (TBN) with TV executives Sandy and Martha Wheeler, who began airing a program called ''Praise the Lord'' on Charlotte station [[WCNC-TV|WRET]]. The Bakkers moved to [[California]], teaming with their former youth pastors [[Paul Crouch|Paul]] and [[Jan Crouch]], to create the ''[[Praise the Lord (TV program)|Praise the Lord]]'' show for the Crouches' Trinity Broadcasting Systems in [[California]]. However, the relationship only lasted about eight months due to a falling-out between Jim Bakker and Paul Crouch, causing the Bakkers to leave this ministry as well. The California entity was rebranded as TBN, which would grow to become the world's largest faith-based network in later years. Before leaving and moving east, the Bakkers managed to retain the rights to use the initials "PTL". 

What began as a local TV broadcast in Charlotte changed when several members of the Bakker's staff in California moved to Charlotte in February 1974 and with the local ex-TBN staff, into what became known as the PTL Television Network. The parent company changed its name to Heritage Village Church & Missionary Fellowship in 1976–77. The purchase of the [[Heritage USA]] properties in [[Fort Mill, South Carolina|Fort Mill]], [[South Carolina]], began at that time. PTL uplinked from Heritage Village on Park Road in Charlotte until December 1986. The Heritage Village Property was sold and satellite and video tape editing operations moved to Heritage USA.

==Scandals==
PTL's fund raising activities between 1984 and 1987 underwent scrutiny by ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'', eventually leading to criminal charges against Bakker. From 1984 to 1987, Bakker and his PTL associates sold $1,000 "lifetime memberships," which entitled buyers to a three-night stay annually at a luxury hotel at Heritage USA. According to the prosecution at Bakker's later fraud trial, tens of thousands of memberships had been sold, but only one 500-room hotel was ever completed. Bakker "sold" more "exclusive partnerships" than could be accommodated and raised more than twice the money that was needed to build the actual hotel. Much of the money went into Heritage USA's operating expenses, and Bakker kept $3.4 million in bonuses for himself. The $279,000 payoff for the silence of [[Jessica Hahn]], who was mistakenly supposed to be a Bakker staff member, was paid by Tammy Faye's later husband, [[Roe Messner]]. Hahn was actually a onetime acquaintance of Bakker set up by a "friend" in 1980.<ref name=Time12-1988 /> 
 
Bakker, who apparently made all of the financial decisions for PTL, allegedly kept [[two sets of books]] to conceal the accounting irregularities. Reporters from the ''Observer'', led by Charles Shepard, investigated and published a series of articles on the PTL organization's finances.<ref>{{cite magazine | first=Richard N.| last=Ostling | title=Enterprising Evangelism | date=August 3, 1987| url =http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965155,00.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070212091610/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0%2C8816%2C965155%2C00.html | url-status =dead | archive-date =February 12, 2007 | magazine =Time | access-date = 2007-01-27 }}</ref>

On March 19, 1987, following the revelation of a payoff to Hahn to keep secret her allegation that Bakker had [[rape]]d her, Bakker resigned from PTL.<ref name=Time12-1988>{{cite magazine | last=Ostling|first=Richard N. |author-link=Richard N. Ostling | title=Jim Bakker's Crumbling World | date=1988-12-19 | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956551,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820142543/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956551,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 20, 2006 | access-date=2007-12-05 }}</ref> Bakker acknowledges that he had a sexual encounter with Hahn at a hotel room in [[Clearwater Beach]], [[Florida]], but denies raping her. Following Bakker's resignation as head of PTL, he was succeeded in late March 1987 by [[Jerry Falwell]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Ostling|first=Richard N. |author-link=Richard N. Ostling|title=Taking Command at Fort Mill| magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964322-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308110637/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,964322-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2009|date=1987-05-11|access-date=2008-11-09}}</ref> Later that summer, as donations sharply declined in the wake of Bakker's resignation and the end of ''The PTL Club'', Falwell raised $20 million to help keep Heritage USA solvent, including a well-publicized waterslide plunge there.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,965543,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212141215/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,965543,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=February 12, 2005 | title=American Notes: Fund Raising | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=1987-09-21 | access-date=2007-11-29}}</ref> Falwell called Bakker a liar, an [[embezzlement|embezzler]], a sexual deviant, and "the greatest scab and cancer on the face of Christianity in 2,000 years of church history."<ref name=timesonline>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2120961.ece Tammy Faye Bakker - Obituary]</ref> In 1988, Falwell said that the Bakker scandal had "strengthened broadcast evangelism and made Christianity stronger, more mature and more committed."<ref>{{cite news | title=Preacher Scandals Strengthen TV Evangelism, Falwell Says | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=1988-03-19 |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73577139.html?dids=73577139:73577139&FMT=ABS&FMTS | access-date=2007-12-05 }}</ref> Bakker's son, Jay, wrote in 2001 that the Bakkers felt betrayed by Falwell, who they thought during Bakker's resignation had intended to help in Bakker's eventual restoration as head of PTL.<ref name=Jay />{{rp|33&ndash;37}}

==Aftermath==
Following a sixteen-month federal [[grand jury]] probe, Bakker was [[indictment|indicted]] in 1988 on eight counts of [[mail fraud]], 15&nbsp;counts of [[wire fraud]] and one count of [[racketeering|conspiracy]].<ref name=Time12-1988 /><ref>''U.S. v. Bakker'', (C.A.4, 1991), 925 F.2d 728, 740, case no. 89-5687</ref> In 1989, after a five-week trial which began on August 28 in Charlotte, the jury found him guilty on all 24&nbsp;counts, and Judge Robert Potter sentenced him to 45&nbsp;years in [[federal prison]] and a $500,000&nbsp;fine.<ref name=Jay />{{rp|52}}<ref name=Buckeye>{{cite web | last=Peifer | first=Justice Paul E. | title=Jim Bakker's Federal Court Appeal | publisher=Supreme Court of Ohio website | date=April 12, 2000 | url=http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/Justices/pfeifer/column/2000/jp041200.htm | access-date=2007-11-29 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430221259/http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/Justices/pfeifer/column/2000/jp041200.htm | archive-date=April 30, 2008 }}</ref> Bakker served time in the [[Federal Medical Center, Rochester]] in Minnesota, sharing a cell with activist [[Lyndon LaRouche]] and skydiver [[Roger Nelson (skydiver)|Roger Nelson]].<ref>https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=2004/040402/SKYDIVE&search=khakpour{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In early 1991, a federal appeals court upheld Bakker's conviction on the fraud and conspiracy charges, but voided Bakker's 45-year sentence, as well as the $500,000 fine, and ordered that a new sentencing hearing be held.<ref name=Buckeye />

Jim and Tammy Bakker were divorced on March 13, 1992. On November 16, 1992, a sentence reduction hearing was held and Bakker's sentence was reduced to eight years.<ref name=Jay />{{rp|104}}

In August 1993, Bakker was transferred to a [[Incarceration in the United States#Security levels|minimum security federal prison]] in [[Jesup, Georgia|Jesup]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and was subsequently granted [[parole]] in July 1994, after serving almost five years of his sentence.<ref name=Jay />{{rp|116, 130}} Bakker's son, Jay, spearheaded a letter-writing campaign to the parole board on his father's behalf, urging leniency.<ref name=Jay />{{rp|106&ndash;115}} Bakker was released from BOP custody on December 1, 1994.<ref>"[http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=James&Middle=&LastName=Bakker&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=95&y=16 James O. Bakker]." [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]]. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref>

On July 23, 1996, a [[North Carolina]] jury threw out a [[class action]] suit brought on behalf of more than 160,000 onetime supporters who contributed as much as $7,000 each to Bakker's coffers in the 1980s. The ''Observer'' reported that the [[Internal Revenue Service]] still holds Bakker and Roe Messner liable for personal income taxes owed from the 1980s when they were building the PTL empire, taxes assessed after the IRS revoked PTL's nonprofit status. Messner said that the original tax amount was about $500,000, with penalties and interest accounting for the rest. Notices stating the IRS [[lien]]s list still identify "James O. and Tamara F. Bakker" as owing $6,000,000, liens on which Jim Bakker still pays.

==Rebirth as PTL Television Network==
On July 1, 2015, Bakker's ministry announced that it had purchased the [[trademark]] to the former PTL name and logo and that the ministry's Generation Now Network, would be rebranded to incorporate the PTL name and logo. The channel was renamed '''PTL Television Network''' and is based in Blue Eye, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jimbakkershow.com/news/ptl-television-network-restored/|title = PTL Television Network Restored!|date = 2 July 2015}}</ref> The network carries current Bakker programming; classic episodes of ''The Jim Bakker Show'' as well as programs produced by other ministries. It is broadcast in [[720p]] [[High-definition television|high definition]], and is available on [[Amazon Fire TV]], [[Roku]], [[Apple TV]] and carried by cable television systems nationwide.

==External links==
*[http://ptlnetwork.com  PTL Television Network website]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{PTL scandal}}
{{American broadcast television (English) defunct}}
{{American broadcast television}}

[[Category:Evangelical television networks]]
[[Category:Defunct television networks in the United States]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 1987]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1977]]