November 2015 Paris attacks Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{Short description|2015 terrorist attacks in France}} {{Other uses|Paris attacks (disambiguation){{!}}Paris attacks}} {{Expand language|topic=hist|langcode=fr|date=October 2023}} {{EngvarB|date=November 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}{{Use European English|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox civilian attack | title = November 2015 Paris attacks | partof = [[Islamic terrorism in Europe]] and the [[spillover of the Syrian Civil War]] | image = 13 November 2015 Paris attacks - montage.jpg | map = [[File:Parisattacks.png|frameless|upright=1.1591]] | map_caption = Locations of the attacks—stars denote suicide bombings | caption = Public memorials for the victims, and police near the scenes of some of the attacks | location = Paris and [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], France<!--DO NOT LINK FRANCE PER WP:OVERLINK--> | target = # Near [[Stade de France]]{{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.924|2.362|region:FR_type:event|name=Stade de France attack}}}} # Rues Bichat and Alibert (Le Petit Cambodge; Le Carillon){{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.8719|2.3679|region:FR_type:event|name=Le Petit Cambodge & Le Carillon attacks}}}} # Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi (Café Bonne Bière; La Casa Nostra){{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.8687|2.3682|region:FR_type:event|name=Café Bonne Bière & La Casa Nostra attacks}}}} # The [[Bataclan (theatre)|Bataclan theatre]]{{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.8630|2.3707|region:FR_type:event|name=Bataclan theatre attack}}}} # Rue de Charonne (La Belle Équipe){{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.8539|2.3822|region:FR_type:event|name=La Belle Équipe attack}}}} # Boulevard Voltaire (Comptoir Voltaire){{refn|group="C"|Coordinates: {{coord|48.8504|2.3931|region:FR_type:event|name=Boulevard Voltaire attack}}}} | date = {{start date|df=yes|2015|11|13|21|16}} –<br />{{End date|df=yes|2015|11|14|00|58}} | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | type = [[Mass shooting]], [[mass murder]], [[suicide bombing]], [[hostage taking]] | weapons = [[Zastava M70]] [[assault rifle]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/following-the-path-of-the-paris-terror-weapons-a-1083461.html |title=Following the Path of the Paris Terror Weapons |work=Spiegel.de |date=24 March 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330101349/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/following-the-path-of-the-paris-terror-weapons-a-1083461.html |archive-date=30 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNN International">{{cite web|title=Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say|publisher=CNN|date=14 November 2015|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/13/world/paris-shooting/index.html|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114001829/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/13/world/paris-shooting/index.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[TATP]] [[suicide belts]]| | fatalities = 138 (including 7 attackers)<ref name="RTE 20">{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2015/1120/747897-paris/|title=Paris attacks death toll rises to 130|publisher=RTE News|date=20 November 2015|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121143854/http://www.rte.ie/news/2015/1120/747897-paris/|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/suicide-d-un-rescape-du-bataclan-guillaume-131e-victime-des-attentats-du-13-novembre-15-06-2019-8094099.php|title=Suicide d'un rescapé du Bataclan : Guillaume, 131e victime du 13 novembre|work=[[Le Parisien]]|date=16 June 2019|access-date=16 June 2019|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="GuardNov15_2">{{cite news|author=Claire Phipps|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|title=Paris attacker named as Ismaïl Omar Mostefai as investigation continues – live updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/15/paris-attacker-named-investigation-continues-live-updates|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115061611/http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/15/paris-attacker-named-investigation-continues-live-updates|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> | injuries = At least 416<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/paris-attacks-one-year-anniversary-bataclan-survivor-kelly-le-guen-isis-islamic-state-a7413901.html|title=Bataclan survivor describes moment Isis gunman tried to kill her|date=12 November 2016|access-date=10 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224234342/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/paris-attacks-one-year-anniversary-bataclan-survivor-kelly-le-guen-isis-islamic-state-a7413901.html|archive-date=24 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC-34836330" /><ref name="Telegraph-11995246">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995246/Paris-shooting-What-we-know-so-far-on-Wednesday-afternoon.html|title=Paris attacks: Everything we know on Wednesday evening|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=18 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119081020/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995246/Paris-shooting-What-we-know-so-far-on-Wednesday-afternoon.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | victims = Civilians | perps = [[Islamic State]] ([[Brussels Islamic State terror cell|Brussels cell]]) | numparts = 9 | motive = [[Islamic extremism]],<ref name="ISIS">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/14/world/paris-attacks/|title=ISIS claims responsibility of Paris attacks|publisher=CNN|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114152037/https://www.cnn.com/2015/11/14/world/paris-attacks|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="France 24">{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/fr/urgent/20151114-lorganisation-etat-islamique-revendique-attentats-paris |title=L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=France 24 |language=fr |access-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114163337/http://www.france24.com/fr/urgent/20151114-lorganisation-etat-islamique-revendique-attentats-paris |archive-date=14 November 2015 }}</ref> retaliation against [[Opération Chammal|French airstrikes on ISIL]]<ref name="Guardian1" /><ref name=actofwarGuardian/> }} A series of coordinated [[Islamic terrorism|Islamist terrorist attacks]]<ref>{{Cite book|year=2016|title=EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2016|url=https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/european-union-terrorism-situation-and-trend-report-te-sat-2016 |series=EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat) |publisher=Europol|pages=22–28, 47|isbn=978-92-95200-68-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-honors-victims-of-paris-terrorist-attacks-1448635450|title=France honors victims of Paris terrorist attacks|date=27 November 2015|access-date=21 January 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|author1=Jason Chow|author2=Nick Kostov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127091740/http://www.wsj.com/articles/france-honors-victims-of-paris-terrorist-attacks-1448635450|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> took place on Friday, 13 November 2015<ref name="BBC2021-09-08a">{{cite web |author=Hugh Schofield |authorlink=Hugh Schofield |date=8 September 2021 |title=Paris attacks: Historic day of reckoning for night of terror |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58472506 |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=[[BBC]] |quote=On the evening of Friday 13 November 2015...}}</ref><ref name="BBC2015-12-09a">{{cite web |author= |authorlink= |date=9 December 2015 |title=Paris attacks: What happened on the night |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994 |access-date=18 November 2021 |website=[[BBC]] |quote=The attacks in Paris on the night of Friday 13 November...}}</ref> in [[Paris]], France, and the city's northern suburb, [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]. Beginning at 21:16, three [[suicide bombers]] struck outside the [[Stade de France]] in Saint-Denis, during an international football match, after failing to gain entry to the stadium. Another group of attackers then fired on crowded cafés and restaurants in Paris, with one of them also detonating an [[explosive]], killing himself in the process. A third group carried out another mass shooting and took hostages at an [[Eagles of Death Metal]] concert attended by 1,500 people in the [[Bataclan theatre]], leading to a stand-off with police. The attackers were either shot or detonated suicide vests when police raided the theatre.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> The attackers killed 130 people,<ref name="RTE 20" /> including 90 at the Bataclan theatre.<ref name="F24-20151115">{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151115-paris-attacks-bataclan-what-we-know-attacker-victims-arrests-belgium|title=Paris attacks: What we know so far|publisher=France 24|date=15 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116173504/http://www.france24.com/en/20151115-paris-attacks-bataclan-what-we-know-attacker-victims-arrests-belgium|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497 |title=What happened at the Bataclan? |work=BBC News |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206231915/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497 |archive-date=6 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=https://news.vice.com/article/this-is-what-happened-at-the-bataclan-concert-hall-during-the-paris-attacks |title=This Is What Happened at the Bataclan Concert Hall During the Paris Attacks |work=News.vice.com |date=25 November 2015 |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110538/https://news.vice.com/article/this-is-what-happened-at-the-bataclan-concert-hall-during-the-paris-attacks |archive-date=30 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another 416 people were injured,<ref name="independent.co.uk"/><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/injuries-from-paris-attacks-will-take-long-to-heal/|title=Injuries from Paris attacks will take long to heal|publisher=CBS News |author=M. Marcus|date=19 November 2015|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120185024/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/injuries-from-paris-attacks-will-take-long-to-heal/|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> almost 100 critically.<ref name="BBC-34836330">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34836330|title=Search goes on for missing|publisher=BBC News|date=16 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030954/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34836330|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph-11995246" /> Seven of the attackers were also killed.<ref name="GuardNov15_2" /> The attacks were the deadliest in the [[European Union]] since the [[2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid train bombings of 2004]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/europe-s-open-border-policy-may-become-latest-victim-of-terrorism-1.2435486|title=Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=19 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119080304/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/europe-s-open-border-policy-may-become-latest-victim-of-terrorism-1.2435486|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks came one day after [[2015 Beirut bombings|similar attacks in Beirut]], Lebanon. France had been on [[Vigipirate|high alert]] since [[January 2015 Île-de-France attacks|the January 2015 attacks]] on ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' offices and a Jewish supermarket in Paris that killed 17 people.<ref name="AFP summary" /> The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks (as they had done with the Beirut attacks a day prior),<ref name="ISIS"/><ref name="France 24"/> saying that it was retaliation for French [[Opération Chammal|airstrikes on Islamic State targets]] in [[Syrian Civil War|Syria]] and Iraq.<ref name="Guardian1" /><ref name=actofwarGuardian>{{cite web|last1=Dalton|first1=Matthew|last2=Varela|first2=Thomas|last3=Landauro|first3=Inti|title=Paris Attacks Were an 'Act of War' by Islamic State, French President François Hollande Says|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/paris-attacks-were-an-act-of-war-by-islamic-state-french-president-francois-hollande-says-1447498080|website=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|quote=Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks on a social media account, but didn't provide specific information that would have allowed the claim to be verified. It said that the attacks were retaliation for French airstrikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114133956/http://www.wsj.com/articles/paris-attacks-were-an-act-of-war-by-islamic-state-french-president-francois-hollande-says-1447498080|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The president of France, [[François Hollande]], said the attacks were an [[Declaration of war|act of war]] by Islamic State.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34820016|publisher=BBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114105010/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34820016|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYT act of war">{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|last2=Breeden|first2=Aurelien|last3=Bennhold|first3=Katrin|title=Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html|access-date=14 November 2015|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114165650/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thomsonreutersfoundation">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-hollande-idUSKCN0T30JG20151114|title=Hollande says Paris attacks 'an act of war' by Islamic State |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114214350/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/us-france-shooting-hollande-idUSKCN0T30JG20151114|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks were planned in Syria and organised by [[Brussels ISIL terror cell|a terrorist cell based in Belgium]].<ref name="CoordinatedAttacks">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/15/world/europe/manhunt-for-paris-attackers.html|title=Finding the Links Among the Paris Attackers|author1=Alicia Parlapiano|author2=Wilson Andrews|author3=Haeyoun Park|author4=Larry Buchanan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116214422/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/15/world/europe/manhunt-for-paris-attackers.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Two of the Paris attackers were Iraqis, but most were born in France or Belgium,<ref name=bbcapr2016>{{cite web|title=Paris attacks: Who were the attackers?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34832512|publisher=BBC News|access-date=27 April 2016|date=13 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428153934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34832512|archive-date=28 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=eumin>{{cite news|last=Traynor|first=Ian|date=20 November 2015|title=EU ministers order tighter border checks in response to Paris attacks|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/20/eu-ministers-order-tighter-border-checks-in-response-to-paris-attacks|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120155605/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/20/eu-ministers-order-tighter-border-checks-in-response-to-paris-attacks|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and had [[Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian Civil War|fought in Syria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Movements of Isis extremist prior to Paris attack raise EU security questions|work=The Guardian|date=19 November 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/19/movements-of-isis-extremist-prior-to-paris-attack-raises-eu-security-questions|access-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319112806/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/19/movements-of-isis-extremist-prior-to-paris-attack-raises-eu-security-questions|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the attackers had returned to Europe among [[European migrant crisis|the flow of migrants and refugees from Syria]].<ref name=TheGuardianPMValls>{{cite news|title=Paris attacks: EU in emergency talks on border crackdown|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/20/paris-attacks-france-launches-un-push-for-unified-declaration-of-war-on-isis|access-date=22 November 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 November 2015|quote=The French prime minister, Manuel Valls, said some of the killers had taken advantage of Europe's migrant crisis to "slip in" unnoticed.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121192756/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/20/paris-attacks-france-launches-un-push-for-unified-declaration-of-war-on-isis|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|last1=McDonnell|first1=Patrick J|last2=Zavis|first2=Alexandra|date=19 November 2015|title=Suspected Paris attack mastermind's Europe ties facilitated travel from Syria|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-paris-attacks-mastermind-20151119-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times, in the Sacramento Bee|location=Los Angeles, USA|access-date=20 November 2015|quote=As waves of refugees from Syria converged on Europe this summer, law enforcement authorities feared this scenario: That terrorist operatives would slip in among the multitudes [...] Last week's attacks on France may have validated some of those fears. At least three of the seven known attackers and the suspected ringleader, Abdelhamid Abaaoud [...] are thought to have crossed clandestinely from Syria into Europe.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120064317/http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-paris-attacks-mastermind-20151119-story.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the attacks, a three-month [[States of emergency in France#Statute provisions – État d'urgence|state of emergency]] was declared across the country to help fight terrorism,<!--per source, read the whole article--> which involved the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial, and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-state-of-emergency-declared-for-three-months-allowing-authorities-to-shut-down-websites-and-a6740886.html|title=France state of emergency declared for three months, allowing authorities to shut down websites and giving police sweeping new powers|author=Andrew Griffin|date=19 November 2015|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122160929/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-state-of-emergency-declared-for-three-months-allowing-authorities-to-shut-down-websites-and-a6740886.html|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 November, France launched the biggest airstrike of [[Opération Chammal]], its part in the bombing campaign against Islamic State.<ref name=rubin>{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Alissa|title=France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|work=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015 |access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115202704/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The authorities searched for surviving attackers and accomplices. On 18 November, the suspected lead operative of the attacks, [[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]], was killed in [[2015 Saint-Denis raid|a police raid in Saint-Denis]], along with two others.<ref name="chief suspect">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/world/europe/paris-attacks.html|title=Chief Suspect in Paris Attacks Died in Raid, France Says|author1=Aurelien Breeden|author2=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119020856/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/world/europe/paris-attacks.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Background== {{see also|Terrorism in France|Opération Chammal}} France had been on high alert for terrorism since the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] and [[January 2015 Île-de-France attacks|a series of related attacks]] in January by militants belonging to [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]],<ref name="AFP summary"/> and had increased security in anticipation of the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]], scheduled to be held in Paris at the beginning of December, as well as reinstating border checks a week before the attacks.<ref name="AFP summary"/> Throughout 2015, France witnessed smaller attacks: the February [[2015 Nice stabbing|stabbing of three soldiers]] guarding a [[Jew]]ish community centre in [[Nice]],<ref>{{cite web|title=French soldiers wounded in Nice Jewish centre attack|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31118020|publisher=BBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118183533/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31118020|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the June [[Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack|attempt to blow up a factory]] in Saint-Quentin Fallavier,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Peter|last2=Malik|first2=Shiv|title=France launches terror inquiry after decapitated body found in factory attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/26/one-dead-in-attack-on-french-factory|website=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2015|date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028051547/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/26/one-dead-in-attack-on-french-factory|archive-date=28 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the August [[2015 Thalys train attack|shooting and stabbing attack]] on a passenger train.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chrisafis|first1=Angelique|title=France train attack: Americans overpower gunman on Paris express|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/21/amsterdam-paris-train-gunman-france|website=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2015|location=Paris, France|date=22 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116155005/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/21/amsterdam-paris-train-gunman-france|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The Bataclan theatre had been threatened a number of times because of its support for Jewish organizations and Israel.<ref name="Greenhouse15Nov">{{cite magazine|magazine=The New Republic|first=Emily|last=Greenhouse|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123878/life-and-death-on-the-boulevard-voltaire|title=Life and Death on the Boulevard Voltaire|date=15 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117004956/https://newrepublic.com/article/123878/life-and-death-on-the-boulevard-voltaire|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Two Jewish brothers, Pascal and Joël Laloux,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/paris-bataclan-theater-targeted-isis-because-jewish-owner-concert-venue-has-history-2185017|title=Concert venue has history of anti-Semitic attacks|work=International Business Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116180556/http://www.ibtimes.com/paris-bataclan-theater-targeted-isis-because-jewish-owner-concert-venue-has-history-2185017|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bataclan.fr/bataclan.php|title=History of le Bataclan|publisher=Bataclan|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714024111/http://www.bataclan.fr/bataclan.php|archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> owned the Bataclan for more than 40 years before selling it in September 2015.<ref name=BataclanJewish>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/paris-theater-had-been-owned-by-a-jewish-family/|title=Paris Theater Had Been Owned by a Jewish Family|author=Dan Bilefsky|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115042126/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/paris-theater-had-been-owned-by-a-jewish-family/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, a group calling itself [[Army of Islam (Gaza Strip)|Army of Islam]] told French security services they had planned an attack on the Bataclan because its owners were Jewish.<ref name="Greenhouse15Nov" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/le-bataclan-une-cible-regulierement-visee-14-11-2015-1981544_23.php|title=Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé?|work=Le Point|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114014204/http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/le-bataclan-une-cible-regulierement-visee-14-11-2015-1981544_23.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=French mag: Bataclan an Islamist target due to Jewish owners|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/french-mag-bataclan-an-islamist-target-due-to-jewish-owners|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116053321/http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/french-mag-bataclan-an-islamist-target-due-to-jewish-owners/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fransk magasin: Bataclan har jødiske eiere|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/Fransk-magasin---Bataclan-har-jodiske-eiere-8243620.html|website=Aftenposten|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116134447/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/Fransk-magasin---Bataclan-har-jodiske-eiere-8243620.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In the weeks leading up to the Paris attacks, ISIL and its branches had claimed responsibility for several other attacks: the downing of [[Metrojet Flight 9268]] on 31 October<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bbc.in/1Of4U7D|title=Updates: Russian airliner crashes in Egypt's Sinai peninsula|date=31 October 2015 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=31 October 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151113030611/http://bbc.in/1Of4U7D|archive-date=13 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151101-russian-plane-crash-sinai-egypt-broke-air-says-aviation-official|title=Russian plane that crashed in Egypt 'broke up in air'|work=France 24 News|date=November 2015|access-date=2 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102111150/http://www.france24.com/en/20151101-russian-plane-crash-sinai-egypt-broke-air-says-aviation-official|archive-date=2 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[2015 Beirut bombings|suicide bombings in Beirut]] on 12 November.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barnard|first1=Anne|last2=Saad|first2=Hwaida|title=ISIS Claims Responsibility for Blasts That Killed Dozens in Beirut|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/world/middleeast/lebanon-explosions-southern-beirut-hezbollah.html|access-date=12 November 2015|work=The New York Times|date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113035119/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/world/middleeast/lebanon-explosions-southern-beirut-hezbollah.html|archive-date=13 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ISIS claims responsibility for Beirut southern suburb attack|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Nov-12/322821-isis-claims-responsibility-for-beirut-southern-suburb-attack-statement.ashx|location=Lebanon|work=[[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112230753/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Nov-12/322821-isis-claims-responsibility-for-beirut-southern-suburb-attack-statement.ashx|archive-date=12 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Intelligence agencies]] in Turkey and Iraq had reportedly warned of an imminent attack on France months beforehand, but said they never heard back from the French authorities until after the attacks.<ref name=IrishTimes>{{cite news |title=Iraqi intelligence says it warned France of imminent attacks |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/iraqi-intelligence-says-it-warned-france-of-imminent-attacks-1.2431195 |access-date=11 June 2019 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/turkey-warned-french-twice-about-attacker-official-says/ |title=Turkey Warned French Twice About Attacker, Official Says|work=The New York Times|date=16 November 2015|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903090605/https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/turkey-warned-french-twice-about-attacker-official-says/|archive-date=3 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/turkey-warned-france-twice_5649c5ebe4b060377349be9c|title=Turkey Says It Warned France Twice About Paris Attacker|work=The Huffington Post|date=16 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119100040/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/turkey-warned-france-twice_5649c5ebe4b060377349be9c|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''[[The Irish Times]]'', a senior French security official said they receive this kind of correspondence "every day".<ref name="IrishTimes" /> This was one of two terrorist cells sent to Europe by the Islamic State in 2015, the other cell consisting of three Syrians was apprehended by [[GSG 9|German special police]] in [[Schleswig-Holstein]] in mid September 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/hamburg/Mehrjaehrige-Haftstrafen-im-IS-Prozess,terrorprozess132.html|title=Mehrjährige Haftstrafen im IS-Prozess|last=NDR|access-date=9 September 2018|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312194021/https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/hamburg/Mehrjaehrige-Haftstrafen-im-IS-Prozess,terrorprozess132.html|archive-date=12 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Attacks== {{quote box | title = Timeline of attacks | align = right | width = 25% | quote = 13 November: * '''21:16'''<ref group=note name="time discrepancy" /> – First suicide bombing near the {{lang|fr|Stade de France}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline">{{cite news|title=Timeline of Paris attacks according to public prosecutor|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-timeline-idUSKCN0T31BS20151114#h8KRqimXftutLeR3.97|access-date=15 November 2015 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |first1=Sybille|last1=de la Hamaide|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122215622/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/us-france-shooting-timeline-idUSKCN0T31BS20151114#h8KRqimXftutLeR3.97|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''21:19'''<ref group=note name="time discrepancy" /> – Second suicide bombing near the {{lang|fr|Stade de France}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:25''' – Shooting at the {{lang|fr|rue Bichat}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:32''' – Shooting at the {{lang|fr|rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:36''' – Shooting at the {{lang|fr|rue de Charonne}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:40''' – Suicide bombing on {{lang|fr|boulevard Voltaire}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:40''' – Three men enter the Bataclan theatre and begin shooting.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''21:53''' – Third suicide bombing near the {{lang|fr|Stade de France}}.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''22:00''' – Hostages are taken at the Bataclan.<ref name="LeFigaro">{{cite web|title=Hollande : "Un acte de guerre commis par une armée terroriste"|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|website=Le Figaro|date=13 November 2015 |access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114040639/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> 14 November: * '''00:20''' – Security forces enter the Bataclan.<ref name="reuterstimeline"/> * '''00:58''' – French police end the siege on the Bataclan.<ref name="LeFigaro"/> {{align|right|<small>All times are CET (UTC+1).</small>}} }} Three groups of men<ref name="CoordinatedAttacks"/><ref name="Nossiter Breeden Bennhold 2015">{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|last2=Breeden|first2=Aurelien|last3=Bennhold|first3=Katrin|title=Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS|website=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115003141/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> launched six distinct attacks:<ref>{{cite web|title=EN DIRECT. Fusillades à Paris : assaut terminé au Bataclan|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/une-fusillade-en-plein-paris-plusieurs-morts-13-11-2015-1981515_19.php|website=Le Point|date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114001755/http://www.lepoint.fr/une-fusillade-en-plein-paris-plusieurs-morts-13-11-2015-1981515_19.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> three suicide bombings in one attack, a fourth suicide bombing in another attack, and shootings at four locations.<ref name="Ing Fieldstadt Press 2015">{{cite news|last1=Ing|first1=Nancy|last2=Fieldstadt|first2=Elisha|agency=Associated Press|title=Dozens Dead, Hostages Held in Multiple Paris Attacks|publisher=NBC News|date=13 November 2015|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/french-police-report-paris-shootout-explosion-n463186|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119060438/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/french-police-report-paris-shootout-explosion-n463186|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Shapiro 2015">{{cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Emily|title=Several Dead After Explosions and Shootings in Paris|website=ABC News|date=13 November 2015|url=http://abcnews.com/International/paris-shootings-explosions-leave-dead-source/story?id=35186222|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> The shootings were in the vicinity of the {{lang|fr|[[rue Alibert]]}}, the {{lang|fr|rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi}}, the {{lang|fr|rue de Charonne}}, the Bataclan theatre, and {{lang|fr|avenue de la République}}.<ref name="Goldstein 2015">{{cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Sasha|title=At least 26 dead after explosion, shooting reported in Paris|website=Daily News|location=New York|date=13 November 2015|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/dead-explosions-shooting-reported-paris-article-1.2434381|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113215207/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/dead-explosions-shooting-reported-paris-article-1.2434381|archive-date=13 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=As It Happened|url=http://www.thelocal.fr/20151113/several-dead-in-paris-shootings|website=thelocal.fr|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116150501/http://www.thelocal.fr/20151113/several-dead-in-paris-shootings|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Three explosions occurred near the {{lang|fr|Stade de France}}, another on {{lang|fr|[[boulevard Voltaire]]}}, and two of the Bataclan shooters also detonated their suicide vests as police ended the standoff.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris Attacks|url=http://abcnews.com/International/paris-attacks-raid-ends-bataclan-concert-hall-hostages/story?id=35190509|website=ABC News}}</ref> According to the Paris prosecutor, the attackers wore suicide vests that used [[acetone peroxide]] as an explosive.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Mike|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/what-tatp-paris-attackers-used-unstable-hydrogen-peroxide-based-explosive-detonations-2184934|title=What Is TATP? Paris Attackers Used Unstable Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Explosive For Detonations|work=International Business Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120012007/http://www.ibtimes.com/what-tatp-paris-attackers-used-unstable-hydrogen-peroxide-based-explosive-detonations-2184934|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> French police reports on cellphones recovered from crime scenes showed that the attacks were being coordinated in real time from [[Brussels]], Belgium, the location of origin of [[Brussels ISIL terror cell|the terrorist cell]] that the Paris attackers were members of.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/30/europe/inside-paris-brussels-terror-attacks/index.html|title=The inside story of the Paris and Brussels attacks|publisher=CNN|last=Cruickshank|first=Paul|date=30 October 2017|access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> [[File:V.Dombrovskis tiekas ar Francijas prezidentu (8662380787).jpg|thumb|left|President [[François Hollande]] (pictured in 2013) was at the [[Stade de France]] during the attacks]] Three explosions occurred near the country's national sports stadium, the [[Stade de France]], in the suburb of Saint-Denis, resulting in four deaths, including the three suicide bombers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|title=Attaques à Paris : le point sur l'enquête et le déroulé des attaques|newspaper=Le Monde|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115010645/http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The explosions happened at 21:16, 21:19,<ref group="note" name="time discrepancy">The times for the first two bombings originally given at a press conference by the prosecutor of Paris [[François Molins]] on 14 November 2015 were [https://web.archive.org/web/20151114230804/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/11/14/01016-20151114ARTFIG00228-attentats-de-paris-le-point-sur-l-enquete-24-heures-apres-les-faits.php 21:20 and 21:30]. However, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgOjxCPU3HY video recording of the match] shows that the gap between the first and the second explosion was around 3 minutes and 10 seconds, the first explosion being heard at 16:24 after the start of the match, and the second at 19:34. These correspond to 21:16 and 21:19 local time, the game having started at 21:00.</ref> and 21:53.<ref name="françois molins">{{cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/11/14/01016-20151114ARTFIG00228-attentats-de-paris-le-point-sur-l-enquete-24-heures-apres-les-faits.php|title=Attentats de Paris: le point sur l'enquête 24 heures après les faits|newspaper=Le Figaro|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114230804/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/11/14/01016-20151114ARTFIG00228-attentats-de-paris-le-point-sur-l-enquete-24-heures-apres-les-faits.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the stadium was hosting an international friendly football match between [[France national football team|France]] and [[Germany national football team|Germany]], which President Hollande was attending.<ref name="BBCNov15">{{cite news|title=Paris shootings: Casualties in city centre and explosion at the Stade de France|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34814203|access-date=13 November 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113215309/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34814203|archive-date=13 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Alter 2015">{{cite magazine|last=Alter|first=Charlotte|title=Dozens Feared Dead in Night of Violence in Paris|magazine=Time|date=13 November 2015|url=http://time.com/4112277/shootings-explosion-reported-in-paris/|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113223348/http://time.com/4112277/shootings-explosion-reported-in-paris/|archive-date=13 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The suicide bombers arrived slightly late for the game, and eyewitness reports indicated they did not have tickets, resulting in them being turned away by security guards several times.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> The first explosion near the stadium occurred about 20 minutes after the start of the game.<ref name="BBCNov15"/><ref name="Alter 2015"/> The first bomber was prevented from entering the stadium after a security guard patted him down and found the explosive vest.<ref name="Robinson Landauro 2015">{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Joshua|last2=Landauro|first2=Inti|title=Paris Attacks: Suicide Bomber Was Blocked From Entering Stade de France|website=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 November 2015|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/attacker-tried-to-enter-paris-stadium-but-was-turned-away-1447520571|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116030144/http://www.wsj.com/articles/attacker-tried-to-enter-paris-stadium-but-was-turned-away-1447520571|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A few seconds after being turned away, he detonated the vest outside the security gate, killing himself and a bystander.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2015/11/world/map-paris-shootings|title=How attacks in Paris unfolded|publisher=CNN|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115040258/http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2015/11/world/map-paris-shootings/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Investigators later surmised that the first bomber had planned to detonate his vest within the stadium, triggering the crowd's panicked exit onto the streets where the two other bombers were lying in wait.<ref name=Meichtry15Nov>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-francois-hollandes-snap-decision-at-stade-de-france-and-the-unfolding-terror-in-paris-1447634427|title=Behind François Hollande's snap decision at Stade de France and the unfolding terror in Paris|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 November 2015|access-date=18 November 2015|first1=Stacy|last1=Meichtry|first2=Joshua|last2=Robinson|first3=Nick|last3=Kostov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117233448/http://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-francois-hollandes-snap-decision-at-stade-de-france-and-the-unfolding-terror-in-paris-1447634427|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Three minutes after the first bombing, the second bomber blew himself up outside another security gate.<ref group=note name="time discrepancy" /><ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> Another 23 minutes after that, the third bomber's vest detonated near the stadium. According to some reports, the location of the third explosion was at a [[McDonald's]] restaurant, where over 50 people were injured, seven seriously;<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Robinson Landauro 2015"/><ref name="Telegraph What">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995246/Paris-shooting-What-we-know-so-far.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|title=Paris terror attacks: Everything we know so far on Sunday morning|date=21 November 2015 |access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327021738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995246/Paris-shooting-What-we-know-so-far.html|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> others state the bomb detonated some distance away from any discernible target.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/quick-thinking-averted-massacre-paris-attacks-stadium-194442761--spt.html|website=Yahoo news|publication-date=16 November 2015|title=Quick thinking may have averted massacre at Paris stadium|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106172510/http://news.yahoo.com/quick-thinking-averted-massacre-paris-attacks-stadium-194442761--spt.html|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Hollande was evacuated from the stadium at half-time, while the German foreign minister, [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]], remained at the stadium.<ref name=GuardNov15 /><ref name="Nossiter 2015">{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|last2=Gladstone|first2=Rick|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-shooting-attacks.html|title=Paris Attacks Kill More Than 100, Police Say; Border Controls Tightened|website=The New York Times|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114072709/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-shooting-attacks.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Hollande met with his interior minister [[Bernard Cazeneuve]] to co-ordinate a response to the emergency.<ref name="Haaretz story">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/1.685943|title=At Least 35 Dead, More Than 100 Hostages Taken in Multiple Paris Attacks|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114051652/http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/1.685943|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Two of the explosions were heard on the live televised broadcast of the match;<ref group=note name="time discrepancy" /> both football coaches were informed by French officials of a developing crisis, but players and fans were kept unaware of it until the game had finished.<ref name=SoccerCoaches>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/stade-de-france-paris-soccer.html? |title=As Paris Attacks Unfolded, Players and Fans at Soccer Stadium Remained Unaware|author=Sam Borden|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020102952/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/stade-de-france-paris-soccer.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Hollande, concerned that the safety of the crowd outside the stadium could not be assured if the match was immediately cancelled, decided that the game should continue without a public announcement.<ref name=Meichtry15Nov/> Following the game, fans were brought onto the pitch to await evacuation as police monitored all the exits around the venue. Security sources said all three explosions were [[suicide bombing]]s.<ref name="AFP summary"/> The German national football team was advised not to return to their hotel, where there had been a bomb threat earlier in the day, and they spent the night in the stadium on mattresses, along with the French team, who stayed with them in a display of comradeship.<ref name="German football team">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/nov/14/france-players-praised-outstanding-camaraderie-germany-terrorist-attacks-paris|title=France players praised for staying with Germany team in Stade de France|work=The Guardian|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|author=Hills, David|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114235921/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/nov/14/france-players-praised-outstanding-camaraderie-germany-terrorist-attacks-paris|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Restaurant shootings and bombing=== The first shootings occurred around 21:25 on the {{lang|fr|rue Bichat}} and the {{lang|fr|[[rue Alibert]]}}, near the {{lang|fr|[[Canal Saint-Martin]]}} in the [[10th arrondissement of Paris|10th arrondissement]]. The three [[Moroccans in Belgium|Belgian-Moroccan]] attackers, including ringleader [[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]], Brahim Abdeslam and Chakib Akrouh emerged from a rental [[SEAT León]] before killing the driver of a car in front of them and then proceeding to shoot at people outside {{lang|fr|Le Carillon}}, a café and bar. Next, they crossed the {{lang|fr|rue Bichat}} and shot people inside the restaurant {{lang|fr|Le Petit Cambodge}}. According to French police, an eyewitness said one of the gunmen shouted "[[Allahu Akbar]]".<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="GuardNov15">{{cite news|last1=Rawlinson |first1=Kevin |title=Fatal shootings and explosion reported in Paris – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/13/shootings-reported-in-eastern-paris-live |access-date=13 November 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115001422/http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/13/shootings-reported-in-eastern-paris-live |archive-date=15 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Stanglin 2015">{{cite web|last=Stanglin|first=Doug|title=At least 46 dead in attacks in central Paris|website=USA Today|date=13 November 2015|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/13/multiple-deaths-reported-after-shootings-explosions-paris/75727746/|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114025809/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/13/multiple-deaths-reported-after-shootings-explosions-paris/75727746/|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of thirteen people were killed<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2016-11-13|title=Un an après, la France rend hommage aux victimes des attentats du 13 novembre 2015|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/11/13/01016-20161113ARTFIG00056-un-an-apres-la-france-rend-hommage-aux-victimes-des-attentats-du-13-novembre-2015.php|access-date=2020-11-11|website=Le Figaro.fr|language=fr}}</ref> at these locations, and ten others were critically injured.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Attaques à Paris : le point sur l'enquête et le déroulé des attaques|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|access-date=19 November 2015|issn=1950-6244|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120003455/http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Afterwards, the assailants fled in the SEAT León.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> Doctors and nurses from the nearby [[Hôpital Saint-Louis]] were in {{lang|fr|Le Carillon}} when the attacks happened and supplied emergency assistance to the wounded.<ref name="Le Monde">{{cite news|title=Rue Bichat :"On pensait que c'étaient des pétards. C'étaient des scènes de guerre "|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/14/rue-bichat-on-ecoutait-de-la-musique-quand-on-a-entendu-ce-qu-on-pensait-etre-des-petards_4809562_4809495.html|access-date=14 November 2015|work=Le Monde|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114060957/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/14/rue-bichat-on-ecoutait-de-la-musique-quand-on-a-entendu-ce-qu-on-pensait-etre-des-petards_4809562_4809495.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> At 21:32, the attackers arrived outside {{lang|fr|Café Bonne Bière}},<ref name="françois molins" /> located close to the terrace of the Italian restaurant {{lang|it|La Casa Nostra}}, on the {{lang|fr|rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi}}.<ref name="GuardNov15" /> There, they shouted "Allahu Akbar" again and opened fire on revelers.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> The Paris prosecutor said five people were killed, and eight others were injured.<ref name="GuardNov15" /> An eyewitness reported seeing a gunman firing short bursts.<ref name="GuardianCasaNostra">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attack-witness-he-was-dressed-in-black-professional-shooting-and-killing|title=Paris Attack Witness|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034918/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attack-witness-he-was-dressed-in-black-professional-shooting-and-killing|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The assailants then fled again in the SEAT León.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> At 21:36, the assailants arrived at the restaurant {{lang|fr|La Belle Équipe}} on the {{lang|fr|rue de Charonne}} in the 11th arrondissement. They fired for several minutes at the outdoor terrace, before returning to the SEAT León and driving away.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="BBCNov15" /><ref name="BBC What">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994|title=Paris attacks: What we know|date=14 November 2015 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118225632/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Twenty-one people were killed,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=à 08h23|first=Par J. M. Le 13 novembre 2016|date=2016-11-13|title=Attentats du 13-Novembre : revivez les hommages aux victimes|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/attentats-du-13-novembre-suivez-en-direct-les-ceremonies-en-hommage-aux-victimes-12-11-2016-6320256.php|access-date=2020-11-11|website=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref> and seven others were left in critical condition.<ref name="BBC What" /> Many of the deceased victims at the targeted restaurants and cafés had been sitting on the outdoor terraces when they were shot.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> At 21:40, Brahim Abdeslam was dropped off at the {{lang|fr|boulevard Voltaire}} in the 11th arrondissement, near the {{lang|fr|[[place de la Nation]]}}.<ref name="AFP summary"/><ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> He sat down at the interior terrace of the {{lang|fr|Comptoir Voltaire}} café, wearing a hooded jacket over several layers of clothing. After placing an order, he smiled at patrons and apologised for interrupting their dinner. Finally, he detonated his explosive vest, killing himself and injuring fifteen people, one of them seriously.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="BBC What"/><ref>{{cite web|title=A Nation, le kamikaze s'est fait sauter en passant la commande|work=L'Express|date=14 November 2015|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/fait-divers/a-nation-le-kamikaze-s-est-fait-sauter-en-passant-la-commande_1735885.html|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119060508/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/fait-divers/a-nation-le-kamikaze-s-est-fait-sauter-en-passant-la-commande_1735885.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Bataclan theatre massacre=== [[File:Bataclan theater, Paris 3 April 2009.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Bataclan (theatre)|Bataclan theatre]] in 2009]] Beginning at around 21:50, a [[mass shooting]] and hostage-taking occurred at the Bataclan theatre on the ''boulevard Voltaire'' in the 11th arrondissement. The American rock band [[Eagles of Death Metal]] was playing to an audience of about 1,500 people.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/20/bataclan-witnesses-recount-horror-paris-attacks "'It looked like a battlefield': the full story of what happened in the Bataclan"]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 20 November 2015.</ref> Three dark-clad gunmen armed with [[Zastava M70]] assault rifles<ref name="AFP summary"/><ref name="bbc18nov">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497|title=What happened at the Bataclan?|publisher=BBC News|date=18 November 2015|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701130636/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497|archive-date=1 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> had been waiting in a black rental car near the venue for more than an hour.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> The terrorists were three French natives of Algerian descent: Foued Mohamed-Aggad, age 23; Ismaël Omar Mostefaï, age 29; and Samy Amimour, age 28. As the band was playing their song "Kiss the Devil", the three men got out of the car and opened fire on people outside the venue, killing three. Then, they burst into the concert hall and opened fire on the crowd.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> Witnesses heard shouts of "[[Takbir|Allahu Akbar]]" as the terrorists opened fire.<ref name="AFP summary">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/least-120-dead-paris-attacks-investigation-source-pta-013205822.html|title=More than 120 people killed in Paris 'terror' attacks|publisher=Yahoo! News|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|author1=Randolph, Eric|author2=Simon Valmary|name-list-style=amp|archive-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114202028/http://news.yahoo.com/least-120-dead-paris-attacks-investigation-source-pta-013205822.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="bbc18nov"/><ref name=Nossiter>{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|last2=Higgins|first2=Andrew|title='Scene of Carnage' Inside Sold-Out Paris Concert Hall|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks.html|access-date=14 November 2015|work=The New York Times|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114091210/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially, the audience mistook the gunfire for [[pyrotechnics]].<ref name="BBCNewsLive">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-34815972|title=Paris attacks updates|publisher=BBC News|date=13–14 November 2015|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528191754/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-34815972|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terror-attacks-a-display-of-absolute-barbarity.html|title=France Confronts 'Absolute Barbarity'|author1=Andrew Higgins|author2=Milan Schreuer|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115035016/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/paris-terror-attacks-a-display-of-absolute-barbarity.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The band ran offstage and escaped with many of the crew.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://abc7.com/news/singer-for-eagles-of-death-metal-escapes-paris-attack/1083890/|title=Singer for Eagles of Death Metal escapes Paris attack|publisher=ABC 7 |location=Los Angeles|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114123152/http://abc7.com/news/singer-for-eagles-of-death-metal-escapes-paris-attack/1083890/|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Rows of people were mowed down by gunfire or were forced to drop to the ground to avoid being shot. Survivors described hundreds of people lying beside and on top of each other in pools of blood, screaming in terror and pain. The gunmen also fired up into the balconies, and dead bodies fell down onto the stalls below. For a few minutes, the hall was plunged into darkness, with only the flashes from the assault rifles as the gunmen kept shooting. The terrorists shouted that they were there because of the French airstrikes against Islamic State.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> Another witness who was inside the Bataclan heard a gunman say, "This is because of all the harm done by Hollande to Muslims all over the world."<ref>{{cite news|last=Higgins|first=Andrew|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims|title=This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims|work=The New York Times|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114093503/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims/|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A radio reporter attending the concert described the terrorists as calm and determined and said they reloaded three or four times.<ref name=Nossiter/> Two gunmen attacked the concert hall; one gunman [[Suppressive fire|covered fire]] while another reloaded, to ensure maximum efficiency.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> Whenever the gunmen stopped to reload, some of the crowd ran for the emergency exits, scrambling over each other to escape.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> Some were shot from behind as they fled, and the terrorists laughed as they shot them.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/referens/den-svenske-terroristen|title=Den svenske terroristen|last=Nyheter|first=SVT|work=SVT Nyheter|access-date=5 July 2017|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528173143/https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/referens/den-svenske-terroristen|archive-date=28 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Those who reached the emergency exit were shot by the third gunman, who positioned himself there.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> Other groups of people barricaded themselves in backstage rooms. Some smashed open the ceiling in an upstairs toilet and hid among the rafters under the roof. Those who could not run lay still on the floor pretending to be dead. According to survivors, the terrorists walked among those who were lying down, kicked them, and shot them in the head if there was any sign of life.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> An eyewitness reported hearing the gunmen ask amongst themselves where the members of the Eagles of Death Metal were once the gunfire stopped.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï then went upstairs to the balconies, while Amimour stayed downstairs and fired at people who tried to flee.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> The [[Research and Intervention Brigade|Brigade of Research and Intervention]] (BRI) arrived on the scene at 22:15, soon followed by the elite tactical unit, [[Research, Assistance, Intervention, Deterrence|RAID]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Attentat à Paris: Le récit du sauvetage des otages au Bataclan par la BRI|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1731987-20151116-attentat-paris-comment-policiers-bri-sauve-otages-bataclan|website=20 Minutes|date=16 November 2015 |access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118200534/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1731987-20151116-attentat-paris-comment-policiers-bri-sauve-otages-bataclan|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> At 22:15, the first two responding officers entered the building armed with handguns and encountered Amimour, who was standing on the stage. Amimour died after being shot by the officers and detonating his explosive vest. Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï then fired upon the officers, forcing them to withdraw and wait for backup.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> From this point, Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï took about twenty hostages and herded them into a room at the end of an L-shaped corridor located further in the building. They also seized the hostages' mobile phones and attempted to use them to access the Internet, but they were unable to find a signal. Some of the hostages were forced to look down into the hall and out the windows and tell the terrorists what they saw.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> During this time, Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï fired on police and other [[first responders]] arriving at the scene.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris shooting: Several killed and injured after 'Kalashnikov and grenade attacks' across French capital |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995227/Paris-shooting-Many-feared-dead-live.html |website=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=13 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113212158/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11995227/Paris-shooting-Many-feared-dead-live.html |archive-date=13 November 2015 }}</ref> At 23:30, an elite police squad entered the building. One unit evacuated survivors from downstairs, while another unit went upstairs. They found Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï, who had begun using hostages as human shields. They shouted out to police the number of a hostage's phone. Over the next 50 minutes, they had four phone exchanges with a police negotiator, during which they threatened to execute hostages unless they received a signed paper promising France's departure from Muslim lands.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/><ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> The police assault began at 00:20 and lasted three minutes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Comment la BRI a mené l'assaut au Bataclan|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/terrorisme/attaques-du-13-novembre-a-paris/comment-la-bri-a-mene-l-assaut-au-bataclan_1178909.html|website=francetv info|date=17 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118144156/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/terrorisme/attaques-du-13-novembre-a-paris/comment-la-bri-a-mene-l-assaut-au-bataclan_1178909.html|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police launched the assault because of reports that Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï had started killing hostages.<ref name="AFP summary" /><ref name="Nossiter" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|title=Attaques terroristes à Paris: des dizaines de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=13 November 2015 |quote=Selon plusieurs sources concordantes, l'assaut est terminé au Bataclan. Selon BFM-TV, deux terroristes auraient été tués.|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114040639/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police using shields burst open the door to the room and exchanged fire with Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï while managing to pull the hostages one-by-one behind their shields. One terrorist detonated his explosive vest, and the other tried to do the same but was shot.<ref name="Guardian Bataclan"/> Ninety people were killed, and hundreds of others were wounded.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="autogenerated2"/> Almost all of the deceased victims were killed within the first 20 minutes of the attack.<ref name=CNN.InsideStory/> All of the hostages were rescued without injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34889539|title=Paris attacks: Bataclan hostage held for hours by attackers|work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Police dog]] teams from the Brigade Cynophile assisted with body removal because of concerns that there could still be live explosives in the theatre.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=The Dog Lover Unit: Lessons in Courage From the World's K9 Cops|last=Rose|first=Rachel|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books|year=2017|isbn=978-1-250-11074-9|location=New York|pages=237–238|oclc=967029672}}</ref> Identification and removal of the bodies took 10 hours, a process made difficult because some audience members had left their identity papers in the theatre's cloakroom.<ref name="Fansten14Nov">{{cite news|work=Libération|title=Attentats: le pire des scénarios|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2015/11/14/le-pire-des-scenarios_1413500|first1=Emmanuel|last1=Fansten|first2=Willy|last2=Le Devin|date=14 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120101310/http://www.liberation.fr/france/2015/11/14/le-pire-des-scenarios_1413500|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Perpetrators== {{see also|Brussels ISIL terror cell}} Three groups, comprising three men each, executed the attacks.<ref name="CoordinatedAttacks" /><ref name="Nossiter Breeden Bennhold 2015"/> They wore explosive vests and belts with identical detonators.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|last1=Mozingo|first1=Joe|last2=Serrano|first2=Richard A.|last3=Chu|first3=Henry|last4=Finnegan|first4=Michael|title=As Paris reels from night of terror, investigators seek origin of attackers|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-paris-attacks-20151114-story.html|access-date=15 November 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115003305/http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-paris-attacks-20151114-story.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Seven perpetrators died at the scenes of their attacks.<ref name="GuardNov15_2"/><ref name="love_2015-11-17_reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/france-shooting-identities-idUSKCN0T60J220151117#t3Dl440AqJGte5Kt.97|title=Factbox – Dead killers, hunted suspects after Paris attacks|last1=Love|first1=Brian|last2=Labbe|first2=Chine|editor1-last=Callus|editor1-first=Andrew|editor2-last=King|editor2-first=Larry |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=17 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117202523/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/17/france-shooting-identities-idUSKCN0T60J220151117|archive-date=17 November 2015|quote=list of some of the seven attackers who died [...] '''Ismail Omar Mostefai''', 29 (born 21 Nov. 1985), Frenchman of Algerian descent involved in Bataclan concert hall attack [...] '''Samy Amimour''', 28 (born 15 Oct. 1987), involved in Bataclan attack. French, from Drancy, Saint Denis, north of Paris [...] '''Brahim Abdeslam''', 31 (born 30 July 1984),[...] French, resident of Belgium. Blew himself up at Comptoir Voltaire café in Paris. [...] '''Bilal Hadfi''', 20 (born 22 Jan 1995). Involved in Stade de France attack. [...] Suicide bomber involved in Stade de France attack. Passport found beside dead body of kamikaze bomber carries name of '''Ahmad Al Mohammad''', 25, (born 10 Sept. 1990), from Idlib, northwest Syria.}}</ref> The other two were killed five days later during the [[2015 Saint-Denis raid|Saint-Denis police raid]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=An overview of forensic operations performed following the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015, in Paris |first1=Antoine |last1=Tracqui |first2=Céline |last2=Deguette |first3=Tania |last3=Delabarde |first4=Yann |last4=Delannoy |first5=Isabelle |last5=Plu |first6=Isabelle |last6=Sec |first7=Lilia |last7=Hamza |first8=Marc |last8=Taccoen |first9=Bertrand |last9=Ludes |date=2 November 2020 |pages=202–207 |journal=Forensic Sciences Research |volume=5 |issue=3 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis Online]]|doi=10.1080/20961790.2020.1811487 |pmid=33209503 |pmc=7646576 }}</ref> On 14 November, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730283-20151114-direct-attentats-paris-plus-120-tueshuit-terroristes-morts-attentats|title=Attentats à Paris: Le groupe Etat islamique revendique les attaques de vendredi à Paris|work=20 Minutes|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115234737/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730283-20151114-direct-attentats-paris-plus-120-tueshuit-terroristes-morts-attentats|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2015/11/14/l-etat-islamique-revendique-les-attentats-de-vendredi-a-paris_1413412|title=L'Etat islamique revendique les attentats de vendredi à Paris|work=[[Libération|liberation]].fr|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116132549/http://www.liberation.fr/france/2015/11/14/l-etat-islamique-revendique-les-attentats-de-vendredi-a-paris_1413412|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/11/14/9734794/isis-claim-paris-statement|title=Here is ISIS's statement claiming responsibility for the Paris attacks|author=Max Fisher|work=Vox|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116020104/http://www.vox.com/2015/11/14/9734794/isis-claim-paris-statement|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/waleed-aly-hits-out-at-isis-over-paris-attacks-calls-them-weak/story-fn948wjf-1227611388541|title=Waleed Aly hits out at ISIS over Paris attacks, calls them weak|work=[[The Project (Australian TV program)|The Project]]|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116132857/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/waleed-aly-hits-out-at-isis-over-paris-attacks-calls-them-weak/story-fn948wjf-1227611388541|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> François Hollande said ISIL organised the attacks with help from inside France.<ref name="thomsonreutersfoundation"/> Claimed motives were an ideological objection to Paris as a capital of abomination and perversion,<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Financial Times|date=14 November 2015|title=Paris attacks: Bloody atrocity signals shift in Isis strategy|access-date=14 November 2015|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2135be4-8ac5-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115234623/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2135be4-8ac5-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> retaliation for airstrikes on ISIL in Syria and Iraq,<ref name=Guardian1>{{cite news|last1=Elgot|first1=Jessica|last2=Phipps|first2=Claire|last3=Bucks|first3=Jonathan|date=14 November 2015|title=Paris attacks: Islamic State says killings were response to Syria strikes|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-attackers-dead-mass-killing-live-updates|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2015|quote=The group says the killings were in response to airstrikes against its militants in Syria, adding that France would remain a "key target".|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114091550/http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-attackers-dead-mass-killing-live-updates|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Foreign relations of France#François Hollande|foreign policy of Hollande]] in relation to Muslims worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims/|title=This is because of all the harm done by Hollande to Muslims|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 November 2015|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313043454/https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims/|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly after the attacks, ISIL's media organ, the [[Al-Hayat Media Group]], launched a website on the [[dark web]] extolling the organisation and recommending the encrypted instant messaging service [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ragan|first=Steve|url=http://www.csoonline.com/article/3004648/security-awareness/after-paris-isis-moves-propaganda-machine-to-darknet.html|title=After Paris, ISIS moves propaganda machine to Darknet|date=15 November 2015|publisher=CSO Online|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117092304/http://www.csoonline.com/article/3004648/security-awareness/after-paris-isis-moves-propaganda-machine-to-darknet.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://krypt3ia.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/the-first-official-daesh-darknet-bulletin-board-has-arrived/|title=The First Official Da'esh DARKNET Bulletin Board Has Arrived|publisher=Krypt3ia.wordpress.com|date=13 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117044500/https://krypt3ia.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/the-first-official-daesh-darknet-bulletin-board-has-arrived/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fabien Clain]] released an audio recording the day before the attacks in which he personally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Clain is known to intelligence services as a veteran jihadist belonging to ISIL, and of French nationality.<ref>P. Cruickshank – [http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/europe/salah-abdeslam-cold-trail-paris-attacks/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413012117/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/europe/salah-abdeslam-cold-trail-paris-attacks/|date=13 April 2016}} published by [[CNN]], 4 December 2015, retrieved 4 December 2015.</ref> [[Syrian passport|Syrian]] and [[Egyptian passport|Egyptian]] passports were found near the bodies of two of the perpetrators at two attack sites,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-gunman-france-idUKKCN0T30YU20151114|title=Paris concert gunman was French, known to have Islamist ties – source |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023952/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/uk-france-shooting-gunman-france-idUKKCN0T30YU20151114|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> but Egyptian authorities said the passport belonged to a victim, Aleed Abdel-Razzak, and not one of the perpetrators.<ref>{{cite web|title=Passport of Egyptian man belongs to victim, not attacker, officials say|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/passport-of-egyptian-man-belongs-to-victim-not-attacker-officials-say/|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014857/http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/passport-of-egyptian-man-belongs-to-victim-not-attacker-officials-say/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> By 16 November, the focus of the French and Belgian investigation turned to [[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]], the radical jihadist they believed was the leader of the plot.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|title=Hollande Calls for New Powers to 'Eradicate' ISIS After Paris Attacks|author=Aurelien Breeden, Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura and Katrin Bennhold|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116214046/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Abaaoud had escaped to Syria<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/world/europe/paris-attacks.html |title=Paris Attacks Suspect Was Target of Strikes on ISIS in Syria|author1=Aurelien Breeden|author2=Katrin Bennhold|author3=Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020113018/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/world/europe/paris-attacks.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/16/abdelhamid-abaaoud-suspected-mastermind-of-paris-terror-attacks|title=Abdelhamid Abaaoud: what we know about the Paris attacks 'mastermind'|last1=Halliday|first1=Josh|last2=Bucks|first2=Jonathan|date=18 November 2015|website=The Guardian|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120032613/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/16/abdelhamid-abaaoud-suspected-mastermind-of-paris-terror-attacks|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> after having been suspected in other plots in Belgium and France, including the thwarted [[2015 Thalys train attack]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1588480/suspected-mastermind-of-paris-attacks-named|title=Suspected Mastermind of Paris Attacks Named|publisher=Sky News|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116135935/http://news.sky.com/story/1588480/suspected-mastermind-of-paris-attacks-named|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Abaaoud had recruited an extensive network of accomplices, including two brothers, Brahim Abdeslam and [[Salah Abdeslam]], to execute terrorist attacks; Abaaoud was killed in the Saint-Denis raid on 18 November.<ref name="wpost-2015-11-18">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2-attack-suspects-in-dead-after-french-police-raid-north-of-paris/2015/11/18/a2b6d52e-8d6a-11e5-934c-a369c80822c2_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-banner-high_paris%3Ahomepage%2Fstory|title=Suspected architect of Paris attacks is dead, according to two senior intelligence officials|author1=Anthony Faiola, Missy Ryan|author2=Souad Mekhennet|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=18 November 2015|access-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118124042/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2-attack-suspects-in-dead-after-french-police-raid-north-of-paris/2015/11/18/a2b6d52e-8d6a-11e5-934c-a369c80822c2_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-banner-high_paris%3Ahomepage%2Fstory|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="msn-2015-11-18">{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/suspected-architect-of-paris-attacks-is-dead-according-to-two-senior-intelligence-officials/ar-BBn9MAB?li=AAa0dzB&o|title=Suspected architect of Paris attacks is dead, according to two senior intelligence officials|author1=Anthony Faiola, Missy Ryan|author2=Daniela Deane|name-list-style=amp|publisher=MSN|date=18 November 2015|access-date=18 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119073710/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/suspected-architect-of-paris-attacks-is-dead-according-to-two-senior-intelligence-officials/ar-BBn9MAB?li=AAa0dzB&ocid=iehp|archive-date=19 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=tgam20151119>{{cite news|last=Reguly|first=Eric|date=19 November 2015|title=Two dead, eight arrested after police raid Paris apartment in hunt for suspects|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/two-dead-as-french-police-raid-home-in-hunt-for-terror-suspects/article27315632/|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|location=Toronto, Canada|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119010251/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/two-dead-as-french-police-raid-home-in-hunt-for-terror-suspects/article27315632/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the Paris attackers were French and Belgian born citizens of Moroccan and Algerian backgrounds who crossed borders without difficulty, albeit registered as terrorism suspects.<ref name=eumin/> Two other attackers were Iraqi.<ref name=bbcapr2016/> According to the French prime minister, [[Manuel Valls]], several of the perpetrators had exploited Europe's immigration crisis to enter the continent undetected.<ref name=TheGuardianPMValls/> At least some, including the alleged leader Abdelhamid Abaaoud, had visited Syria and returned radicalised. [[Jean-Charles Brisard]], a French expert on terrorism, called this a change of paradigm, in that returning European citizens were themselves the attackers.<ref name="auto1"/> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported that more than 3,000 Europeans have travelled to Syria and joined ISIL and other radical groups.<ref name="auto1"/><!-- article also found at http://www.sacbee.com/news/article45557136.html --> On 30 August 2016, jihadist [[Abu Mohammad al-Adnani]] was killed by an American missile and DGSI declared that his death ended the terrorist who had supervised the attacks on Brussels and Paris.<ref name="france1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181108-france-intelligence-2015-paris-attacks-masterminds-eliminated-suc-book-islamic-state|title=How the planners of the 2015 Paris attacks were systematically eliminated – France 24|date=9 November 2018|work=France 24|access-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109231914/https://www.france24.com/en/20181108-france-intelligence-2015-paris-attacks-masterminds-eliminated-suc-book-islamic-state|archive-date=9 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Search for accomplices=== Three cars were recovered in Paris after the attacks: # A grey [[Volkswagen Polo]] with Belgian licence plates abandoned near the Bataclan was hired by a French citizen living in Belgium and contained a parking ticket from the town of [[Molenbeek]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/parking-ticket-paris-attacks-police-belgium-molenbeek|title=A discarded parking ticket in a car near the Bataclan leads detectives to Brussels|work=The Guardian|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115081045/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/parking-ticket-paris-attacks-police-belgium-molenbeek|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> # A [[SEAT]] was found in the Paris suburb of [[Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis|Montreuil]] on 15 November and contained assault rifles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730715-20151115-attentats-paris|title=Attentats à Paris: La police lance un appel à témoins|language=FR|trans-title=Bombings in Paris: Police have appealed for witnesses|work=20 Minutes|date=15 November 2015|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126102656/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730715-20151115-attentats-paris|archive-date=26 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> # A [[Renault Clio]] hired by [[Salah Abdeslam]] was discovered near [[Montmartre]] on 11 November and contained assault rifles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/paris-attacks|title=Prosecutor: 3 Paris attack suspects already known to Belgians|work=CNN|date=17 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118045221/http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/paris-attacks/|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|title=Paris attacks: Latest updates|work=BBC News|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117131840/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police described Salah, a 26-year-old Belgian citizen, as dangerous, and warned the public not to approach him.<ref>{{cite news|title=French officials: Manhunt in Europe for at least one suspect 'directly involved' in Paris attacks|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=15 November 2015|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/french-police-detain-7-for-questioning-in-paris-siegethe-latest-from-paris/2015/11/15/7600c208-8b38-11e5-bd91-d385b244482f_story.html|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115214850/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/french-police-detain-7-for-questioning-in-paris-siegethe-latest-from-paris/2015/11/15/7600c208-8b38-11e5-bd91-d385b244482f_story.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> He was arrested on 18 March 2016 during [[2016 Brussels police raids|an anti-terrorist raid]] in the [[Molenbeek]] area of Brussels (see [[#2016 Brussels raids|below]]).<ref name="BBC 18 Mar 2016">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35846954 |title=Brussels raids: Paris attack suspect Abdeslam 'arrested' |work=[[BBC World Service]] |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=18 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318164827/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35846954 |archive-date=18 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> His brother, Brahim, died in the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|title=Manhunt Underway as Investigation of Paris Attacks Widens|author1=Aurelien Breeden|author2=Michael Nossiter|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115165436/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-terror-attack.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Another brother, Mohamed, was detained on 14 November in the Molenbeek area of Brussels and released after several hours of questioning.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-attacks-mohamed-abdeslam-salah-abdeslam-fleeing-suspect-bataclan-a6736871.html|title=Salah Abdeslam's brother denies involvement in Paris attacks and says he has no idea where his brother is|author=Doug Bolton|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-attacks-mohamed-abdeslam-salah-abdeslam-fleeing-suspect-bataclan-a6736871.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Mohamed said he did not suspect his siblings of planning anything.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=France begins to work out the identities of the Paris attackers|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21678714-president-hollande-vows-destroy-islamic-state-france-begins-work-out-identities|access-date=18 November 2015|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118083735/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21678714-president-hollande-vows-destroy-islamic-state-france-begins-work-out-identities|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 November, a car was stopped at the Belgium–France border and its three occupants were questioned then released. Three more people were arrested in Molenbeek.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-live-news-updates-isis-france|title=Paris terror attacks: vigils held around the world as Parisians remain on edge – live updates|work=The Guardian|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114181826/http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-live-news-updates-isis-france|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Links to the attacks were investigated in an arrest in Germany on 5 November, when police stopped a 51-year-old man from Montenegro and found automatic handguns, hand grenades and explosives in his car.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bavaria arrest raises suspicions about links to Paris attacks|url=http://www.dw.com/en/bavaria-arrest-raises-suspicions-about-links-to-paris-attacks/a-18849866|website=DW.COM|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114145728/http://www.dw.com/en/bavaria-arrest-raises-suspicions-about-links-to-paris-attacks/a-18849866|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15–16 November, French tactical police units raided over 200 locations in France, arresting 23 people and seizing weapons.<ref name="Airstrikes against ISIS, Police Raids"/> Another 104 people were placed under house arrest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Terror in Paris: What we know so far|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/16/europe/paris-attacks-at-a-glance/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116102745/http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/16/europe/paris-attacks-at-a-glance/index.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34840699|title=Paris attacks: France mobilises 115,000 security personnel|work=BBC News|date=17 November 2015|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424062639/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34840699|archive-date=24 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 November, police followed a female cousin of the attacker and ringleader, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, to a block of flats in Saint-Denis where they saw Abaaoud with her.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-idUKKCN0T40DY20151121|title=Tapped phone led Paris attack leader to his death|last1=Thomas|first1=Leigh|last2=Bon|first2=Gerard|date=21 November 2015 |publisher=[[Reuters]] UK |access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121035051/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/11/21/uk-france-shooting-idUKKCN0T40DY20151121|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hasna Ait Boulahcen – Europe's first female suicide bomber – 'did not blow herself up'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/isis-paris-attacks-hasna-ait-boulahcen-did-not-blow-herself-in-saint-denis-raid-a6742666.html|author=Samuel Osborne|work=The Independent|date=20 November 2015|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120194304/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/isis-paris-attacks-hasna-ait-boulahcen-did-not-blow-herself-in-saint-denis-raid-a6742666.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, police [[2015 Saint-Denis raid|raided a flat in Saint-Denis]], and Abaaoud was killed in the ensuing gunfight, which lasted several hours.<ref name="wpost-2015-11-18"/><ref name="msn-2015-11-18"/><ref name=tgam20151119/> Chakib Akrouh, one of the perpetrators of the restaurant shootings, also died during the raid after detonating an explosive vest.<ref name=ChakibAkrouh>{{cite news|title=French identify another Paris attacker via DNA from body parts|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-cafekiller-idUKKCN0UT1E4 |publisher=[[Reuters]] UK |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=15 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118035719/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-cafekiller-idUKKCN0UT1E4|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=live|last1=Bon|first1=Gérard}}</ref> Eight suspected militants were arrested at or near the flat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/fait-divers/hasna-aitboulahcen-identifiee-parmi-les-trois-morts-de-l-assaut-de-saint-denis_1737918.html|title=Hasna Aitboulahcen est morte dans l'assaut, mais elle n'était pas kamikaze|language=fr|trans-title=Hasna Aitboulahcen died in the assault, but she was not a kamikaze|work=lexpress.fr|date=20 November 2015|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125125037/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/fait-divers/hasna-aitboulahcen-identifiee-parmi-les-trois-morts-de-l-assaut-de-saint-denis_1737918.html|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 November, an explosive belt was found in a litter bin in the Paris suburb of [[Montrouge]]. It may have been discarded by Salah Abdeslam, whose phone records showed that he was in Montrouge on the night of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-idUKKBN0TC2C020151123|title=France finds explosive belt, detects Paris suspect's phone |publisher=[[Reuters]] UK |date=23 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> On 24 November, five people in Belgium were charged on suspicion of their involvement in the Paris attacks, and Belgian prosecutors issued an arrest warrant for Mohamed Abrini, a 30-year-old suspected accomplice of Salah Abdeslam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34908858|title=Hollande and Obama to intensify anti-IS push|date=24 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|publisher=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124151704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34908858|archive-date=24 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Abrini was subsequently reported to have been arrested on 8 April 2016.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36000407|title=Paris attacks: 'Key suspect Abrini' arrested|work=BBC News |date=8 April 2016 |access-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408153019/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36000407|archive-date=8 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> He is also suspected of having been involved in the [[2016 Brussels bombings]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> On 9 December, two ISIL militants accompanying two of the Paris attackers into Europe, all masquerading as migrants, were arrested in Greece weeks before the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/how-europes-migrant-crisis-became-an-opportunity-for-isis/2016/04/21/ec8a7231-062d-4185-bb27-cc7295d35415_story.html|title=Tracing the path of four terrorists sent to Europe by the Islamic State|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=21 April 2016|access-date=5 September 2016|first1=Anthony|last1=Faiola|first2=Souad|last2=Mekhennet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012140330/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/how-europes-migrant-crisis-became-an-opportunity-for-isis/2016/04/21/ec8a7231-062d-4185-bb27-cc7295d35415_story.html|archive-date=12 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=DailyTelegraph.Captured>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/05/mystery-member-of-paris-attacks-cell-only-captured-in-july-despi/|title=Mystery member of Paris attacks cell only captured in July despite posting on Facebook from Belgium|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=5 September 2016|access-date=5 September 2016|first=Henry|last=Samuel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906075158/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/05/mystery-member-of-paris-attacks-cell-only-captured-in-july-despi/|archive-date=6 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2016, a third militant involved was also arrested despite regular activity on Facebook from Belgium.<ref name=DailyTelegraph.Captured/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/report-isis-had-bigger-plans-000000943.html|title=Report: ISIS had bigger plans for Paris attacks|work=Yahoo! News|date=5 September 2016|access-date=5 September 2016|first=Caitlin|last=Dickson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906002409/https://www.yahoo.com/news/report-isis-had-bigger-plans-000000943.html|archive-date=6 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The three militants were part of a unit intended to carry out further attacks on 13 November, but their plans were apparently disrupted by the first two arrests.<ref name=DailyTelegraph.Captured/> [[Fabien Clain]] was identified as the person reading the ISIL claim of responsibility. Clain was a French national who served 5 years from 2009 to 2014 in a French prison for recruiting fighters to go to Syria for jihad. Clain has been linked to other executed and planned terror attacks and is seen as a leader of known terrorists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/fr-ca/actualites/attaques-a-paris/fabien-clain-la-voix-de-l%C3%A9tat-islamique/ar-BBn7VxV?li=AAanjZr|title=Fabien Clain, la voix de l'État islamique|trans-title=Fabien Clain, the voice of the Islamic State|work=MSN|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085929/http://www.msn.com/fr-ca/actualites/attaques-a-paris/fabien-clain-la-voix-de-l%C3%A9tat-islamique/ar-BBn7VxV?li=AAanjZr|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> [[Jawad Bendaoud]] was arrested 18 November 2015 for "criminal terrorist association for the purpose of committing violent action", as he provided lodging for Abaaoud, Hasna Aït Boulahcen, and a third man. In September 2017, the prosecuting judge filed for Bendaoud's trial for "concealment of terrorist criminals", a charge with a maximum penalty of six years.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Emeline Cazi|last2=Adrien Pécout|title=Jawad Bendaoud, a well known "landlord" in the streets of Saint-Denis|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/24/jawad-bendaoud-un-logeur-bien-connu-dans-les-rues-de-saint-denis_4816364_4809495.html|access-date=11 September 2017|work=Le Monde|date=24 November 2015|language=fr|quote=Since his arrest on Wednesday, November 18, Jawad Bendaoud insists that he did not know the identity of his three recent "tenants" of 8, rue du Corbillon: Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the alleged instigator of the attacks of November 13, his cousin Hasna Aït Boulahcen, as well as a third man with an unknown identity. All killed during the RAID assault.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911115031/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/24/jawad-bendaoud-un-logeur-bien-connu-dans-les-rues-de-saint-denis_4816364_4809495.html|archive-date=11 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Attentats à Paris: le "logeur" des djihadistes du 13 novembre 2015 échappe aux assises|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_attentats-a-paris-le-logeur-des-djihadistes-du-13-novembre-2015-echappe-aux-assises?id=9703996|access-date=11 September 2017|work=RTBF|date=8 September 2018|language=fr|quote=In their order signed Wednesday, the investigating magistrates ordered that Jawad Bendaoud be tried for " concealment of terrorist criminals ", said the source, a crime punishable by a six-year prison sentence as he is in a state of recidivism .|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911115435/https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_attentats-a-paris-le-logeur-des-djihadistes-du-13-novembre-2015-echappe-aux-assises?id=9703996|archive-date=11 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === Analysis of tactics === [[Michael Leiter]], former director of the United States [[National Counterterrorism Center]], said the attacks demonstrated a sophistication not seen in a city attack since the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] and that it would change how the West regarded the threat.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Engel|first1=Richard|last2=Schuppe|first2=Jon|title=Responsibility For Paris Terror Attacks Remains Unclear|date=14 November 2015 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/responsibility-paris-terror-attacks-remains-unclear-n463321|publisher=NBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114021455/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/responsibility-paris-terror-attacks-remains-unclear-n463321|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Further comparisons were made between the Paris and Mumbai attacks.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Riedel|first1=Bruce|title=Modeled on Mumbai? Why the 2008 India attack is the best way to understand Paris|date=14 November 2015 |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/11/14-paris-attacks-mumbai-isis-terrorism-riedel|publisher=Brookings|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116150236/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/11/14-paris-attacks-mumbai-isis-terrorism-riedel|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mehta|first1=Nalin|title=What we can learn from Paris|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/academic-interest/what-we-can-learn-from-paris/|access-date=15 November 2015|work=The Times of India|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116155859/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/academic-interest/what-we-can-learn-from-paris/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hafeez|first1=Mateen|title=Why the 26/11 Mumbai strike and Paris attacks are similar|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-the-26/11-Mumbai-strike-and-Paris-attacks-are-similar/articleshow/49787443.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=16 November 2015|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917163024/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-the-26/11-Mumbai-strike-and-Paris-attacks-are-similar/articleshow/49787443.cms|archive-date=17 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mumbai Police]] Joint Commissioner (Law and Order) Deven Bharti pointed out the similarities as having several targets, shooting indiscriminately, and the use of [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gupta|first1=Saurabh|title=In Paris, Investigators See a Rerun of Mumbai Tragedy|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-paris-investigators-see-a-rerun-of-mumbai-tragedy-1243462|publisher=NDTV|access-date=16 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115111526/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-paris-investigators-see-a-rerun-of-mumbai-tragedy-1243462|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Shawan|title=There is similarity between Mumbai 26/11 and Paris attacks: Mumbai Police|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/there-is-similarity-between-mumbai-2611-and-paris-1411-mumbai-police-1164424.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=16 November 2015|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116011616/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/there-is-similarity-between-mumbai-2611-and-paris-1411-mumbai-police-1164424.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Bharti, one key difference was that the Mumbai attacks lasted several days, and the Paris attackers killed themselves as soon as capture seemed imminent.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Tabassum Barnagarwala|author2=Rashmi Rajput|title=Paris: In multiple attacks, targets, the timing, Mumbai victims, investigators see 26/11|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/paris-in-multiple-attacks-targets-the-timing-mumbai-victims-investigators-see-2611/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=16 November 2015|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116120628/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/paris-in-multiple-attacks-targets-the-timing-mumbai-victims-investigators-see-2611/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Evidence points to the attackers having regularly used [[Plaintext|unencrypted]] communications during the planning of the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/|title=Signs Point to Unencrypted Communications Between Terror Suspects|work=The Intercept|date=18 November 2015|access-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118210147/https://theintercept.com/2015/11/18/signs-point-to-unencrypted-communications-between-terror-suspects/|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Casualties== <!-- Please DO NOT list names of victims or other personal information, the count from various countries will generally be enough, per [[Special:PermanentLink/690678738#Names and surnames of victims]] --> {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="font-size:86%; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em; width:20%" |+Deaths by citizenship |- ! style="text-align:left;" | Citizenship ! style="text-align:left;" | Deaths |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|France|1974}} | 106<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/visuel/2015/11/25/enmemoire_4817200_4809495.html|title=Le mémorial du " Monde " aux victimes des attentats du 13-Novembre|newspaper=Le Monde|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630123506/http://www.lemonde.fr//attaques-a-paris/visuel/2015/11/25/enmemoire_4817200_4809495.html|archive-date=30 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Chile}} |{{0|00}}3<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news|last1=James|first1=Mike|title=Names, nationalities of the dead emerge from Paris terror|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/11/14/paris-terror-victims-names-of-the-dead/75802608|work=USA Today|date=14 November 2015|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903225741/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/11/14/paris-terror-victims-names-of-the-dead/75802608/|archive-date=3 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Algeria}} |{{0|00}}2<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2471828&language=en|title=KUNA : Algeria confirms two nat'ls among Paris attack victims|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|work=kuna.net.kw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116215253/http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2471828&language=en|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.ennaharonline.com/fr/news/37399.html|title=Sebaa Djalal-Eddine, troisième victime algérienne des attentats de Paris|author=Ait Abdellah, S.|publisher=Ennahar|date=11 November 2015|access-date=15 December 2015|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130042132/http://www.ennaharonline.com/fr/news/37399.html|archive-date=30 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/visuel/2015/12/15/djalal-sebaa-31-ans-enmemoire_4832486_4809495.html|title=Djalal Sebaa, 31 ans|author=Bozonnet, Charlotte|newspaper=Le Monde|language=fr|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216020023/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/visuel/2015/12/15/djalal-sebaa-31-ans-enmemoire_4832486_4809495.html|archive-date=16 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Belgium}} |{{0|00}}2<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lameuse.be/1423449/article/2015-11-14/elif-dogan-et-milko-jozic-deux-liegeois-ont-perdu-la-vie-dans-les-attentats-de-p|title=Elif Dogan et Milko Jozic, deux Liégeois, ont perdu la vie dans les attentats de Paris|date=14 November 2015|website=[[La Meuse (newspaper)|La Meuse]] |language=fr|trans-title=Elif Dogan and Milko Jozic, two people from Liège, lost their lives in the Paris attacks|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116032917/http://www.lameuse.be/1423449/article/2015-11-14/elif-dogan-et-milko-jozic-deux-liegeois-ont-perdu-la-vie-dans-les-attentats-de-p|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Egypt}} |{{0|00}}2<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egyptianstreets.com/2015/11/16/two-egyptians-killed-one-severely-injured-in-paris-attacks|title=Two Egyptians Killed, One Severely Injured in Paris Attacks|date=16 November 2015|publisher=Egyptian Streets|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116214613/http://egyptianstreets.com/2015/11/16/two-egyptians-killed-one-severely-injured-in-paris-attacks//|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Portugal}} |{{0|00}}2<ref> {{cite web|url=http://portuguese-american-journal.com/paris-two-portuguese-killed-in-terror-attack-portugal|work=The Portuguese American Journal|date=14 November 2015|title=Paris: Two Portuguese killed in terror attacks – Portugal|access-date=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723083745/http://portuguese-american-journal.com/paris-two-portuguese-killed-in-terror-attack-portugal/|archive-date=23 July 2017|url-status=live}} </ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Germany}} |{{0|00}}2<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/incoming/article148859443/Ein-Deutscher-bei-Attentaten-von-Paris-getoetet.html|title=Ein Deutscher bei Attentaten von Paris getötet|newspaper=Die Welt|date=15 November 2015|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117192201/http://www.welt.de/incoming/article148859443/Ein-Deutscher-bei-Attentaten-von-Paris-getoetet.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/terror-in-paris-zweites-deutsches-todesopfer-bestaetigt-a-1063103.html|title=Anschläge in Paris: Zweites deutsches Todesopfer bestätigt|newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=16 November 2015 |access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118234227/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/terror-in-paris-zweites-deutsches-todesopfer-bestaetigt-a-1063103.html|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Romania}} |{{0|00}}2<ref name="casualties" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Tunisia}} |{{0|00}}2<ref name="casualties" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Italy}} |{{0|00}}1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2015/11/15/news/valeria_solesin_attentato_bataclan-127399230/|title=Strage Parigi, i parenti: Valeria Solesin tra le vittime del teatro Bataclan|author=Agnese Ananasso|website=la Repubblica|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115152234/http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2015/11/15/news/valeria_solesin_attentato_bataclan-127399230/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://espresso.repubblica.it/internazionale/2015/11/14/news/parigi-tra-i-feriti-due-italiani-di-senigallia-1.239034|title=Parigi, tra i feriti due italiani di Senigallia – l'Espresso|work=la Repubblica|date=14 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116161213/http://espresso.repubblica.it/internazionale/2015/11/14/news/parigi-tra-i-feriti-due-italiani-di-senigallia-1.239034|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Mexico}} |{{0|00}}2<ref name="USA Today"/> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Morocco}} |{{0|00}}1<ref name="newyorktimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/world/europe/Paris-terror-victims-list.html|title=Paris Victims, Remembered|author=The New York Times|date=20 November 2015|access-date=18 July 2017|website=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827161920/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/world/europe/Paris-terror-victims-list.html|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Spain}} |{{0|00}}1<ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/16/actualidad/1447661396_291195.html|title=Confusión con el número de víctimas españolas en los atentados de París}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Sweden}} |{{0|00}}1<ref name="BBCNewsLive"/> |- | class="nowrap" style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |{{0|00}}1<ref name="USA Today"/> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United States}} |{{0|00}}1<ref name="newyorktimes"/> |- | style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Venezuela}} |{{0|00}}1<ref name=casualties/> |- class="sortbottom" !'''Total''' !'''131'''<ref name="RTE 20" /> |}<!-- Please DO NOT list names of victims or other personal information, the count from various countries will generally be enough, per [[Special:PermanentLink/690678738#Names and surnames of victims]] --> The attackers killed 130 victims and injured 416,<ref name="independent.co.uk" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/how-many-people-died-paris-shooting-update-mass-attacks-french-capital-2184689|title=How Many People Died in Paris Shooting? Update on Mass Attacks in French Capital|first=Christopher|last=Harress|date=14 November 2015|work=International Business Times|access-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119061915/http://www.ibtimes.com/how-many-people-died-paris-shooting-update-mass-attacks-french-capital-2184689|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> with 80 to 99 taken to hospital in serious condition.<ref name="BBC-34836330" /><ref name="Telegraph-11995246"/> Hours before the attacks, Paris's doctors had practiced a mass shooting emergency response rehearsal.<ref name="veconomist" >{{cite news|title=Trauma medicine has learned lessons from the battlefield|url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21730145-civilian-doctors-are-saving-more-lives-after-terrorist-attacks-copying-their-military|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=12 October 2017|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013020857/https://www.economist.com/news/international/21730145-civilian-doctors-are-saving-more-lives-after-terrorist-attacks-copying-their-military|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Of the dead, 90 died at the Bataclan theatre,<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="autogenerated2"/> 21 at La Belle Équipe,<ref name=":3" /> 13 at Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge,<ref name=":2" /> five at Café Bonne Bière and La Casa Nostra, and one at Stade de France.<ref name="telegraphlatest">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996678/Paris-terror-attacks-victims-isil-suspects-Syria-arrests-live.html|title=Paris attacks latest|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115082437/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996678/Paris-terror-attacks-victims-isil-suspects-Syria-arrests-live.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Among those who died at the Bataclan were a music critic of ''[[Les Inrockuptibles]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/11/14/actualite/guillaume-b-decherf-a-ete-tue-hier-au-bataclan-11787998|title=Guillaume B. Decherf a été tué hier au Bataclan|date=14 November 2015|website=Les Inrockuptibles|language=fr|trans-title=Guillaume B. Decherf was killed yesterday at the Bataclan|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115094017/http://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/11/14/actualite/guillaume-b-decherf-a-ete-tue-hier-au-bataclan-11787998/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> an executive of [[Mercury Records]] France, and the merchandise manager of [[Eagles of Death Metal]], the band that was performing.<ref name=casualties>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34821813|title=Paris attacks: Who were the victims?|publisher=BBC News|date=19 November 2015|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715103031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34821813|archive-date=15 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Some people suffered from [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/nette-augmentation-des-passages-aux-urgences-pour-stress-en-ile-de-france_1184445.html|title=Nette augmentation des passages aux Urgences pour stress en Ile-de-France|publisher=Francetvinfo |date=20 November 2015|language=fr|access-date=22 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121174132/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/nette-augmentation-des-passages-aux-urgences-pour-stress-en-ile-de-france_1184445.html|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> including a man who died by suicide two years after the attacks.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=à 18h55|first1=Par Timothée BoutryLe 15 juin 2019|last2=À 07h10|first2=Modifié Le 16 Juin 2019|date=2019-06-15|title=Suicide d'un rescapé du Bataclan : Guillaume, 131e victime du 13 novembre|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/suicide-d-un-rescape-du-bataclan-guillaume-131e-victime-des-attentats-du-13-novembre-15-06-2019-8094099.php|access-date=2020-11-11|website=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Legal proceedings == {{main|Paris attacks trial}} On 8 September 2021, the trial of 20 men accused of planning and carrying out the attacks began in Paris in a custom-designed chamber within the [[Palais de Justice, Paris|Palais de Justice]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-09|title=November 2015 Paris attacks: A trial like no other in France's history|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210909-november-2015-paris-attacks-a-trial-like-no-other-in-france-s-history|access-date=2021-09-15|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> The trial was expected to hear the testimony of over 300 witnesses and victims, including more than 300 lawyers, and was expected to last about nine months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210907-paris-attacks-of-2015-the-logistics-behind-a-historic-trial|title=Paris attacks of 2015: The logistics behind a historic trial|website=France 24|date=7 September 2021}}</ref> The trial was filmed, however the film will not be released until fifty years after the conclusion of the trial.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beardsley|first=Eleanor|date=September 7, 2021|title=The Paris Trial For The November 2015 Attacks Is Set To Begin On Wednesday|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/07/1034719286/paris-trial-isis-bataclan-attacks|access-date=2021-09-15|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> Of the 20 accused, fourteen were tried in person and six were tried in [[Trial in absentia|absentia]]. The trial concluded on 29 June 2022 with the conviction of all 20 defendants. Salah Abdeslam, the only surviving assailant in the attacks, received a sentence of life without parole.<ref name=convicted>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/who-are-paris-terror-attack-suspects-ad764ae48d055abb1270f272f1a8324e|title=20 convicted in Paris terrorist attacks trial: Who they are|publisher=Associated Press|date=29 June 2022|accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=20convicted>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/europe/2015-paris-attacks-verdict.html |title=20 Men Convicted in November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attack |date=29 June 2022 |last1=Méheut |first1=Constant |last2=Breeden |first2=Aurelien |work=The New York Times |access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> Of Abdeslam's 19 co-defendants, who were suspected of offering mostly logistical support or plotting other attacks, 18 were convicted on terrorism related charges, while one was convicted of a lesser fraud charge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220629-live-french-court-to-issue-verdicts-in-landmark-2015-paris-attacks-trial|title=Salah Abdeslam sentenced to life in prison as 2015 Paris attacks trial winds up |date=29 June 2022|work=France 24 |access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> In January 2022, an [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopaedic surgeon]] at the Georges Pompidou hospital was sued and faces possible misconduct charges after using a survivor's X-ray as a [[Non-fungible token|NFT]] (non-fungible token), without consulting her prior. The image was an X-ray of the survivor's forearm with a [[Kalashnikov rifle|Kalashnikov]] bullet near the bone, and was listed as an x-ray of a survivor who had lost her boyfriend in the attack.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-25|title=Bataclan survivor finds NFT of her X-ray for sale online|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60124931|access-date=2022-01-25}}</ref> == Responses == === Local === {{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks#Popular reactions}} The [[hashtag]] ''#portesouvertes'' ("open doors") was used by Parisians to offer shelter to those afraid to travel home after the attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/549818/isil-supporters-already-have-a-hashtag-for-the-bloody-paris-attacks-underway/|title=ISIL supporters already have a hashtag for the bloody Paris attacks|author=Caitlin Hu|work=Quartz|date=14 November 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116051511/http://qz.com/549818/isil-supporters-already-have-a-hashtag-for-the-bloody-paris-attacks-underway/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Dozens of mourning people captured during civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks victims. Western Europe, France, Paris, place de la République, November 15, 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Civil service in remembrance of the attacks victims at the [[Place de la République]] on 15 November 2015]] As had been the case in January after the ''Charlie Hebdo'' attacks, the [[Place de la République]] became a focal point of mourning, memorial, and tributes.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/in-place-de-la-republique-a-defiant-gathering-to-mourn/|title=Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116015759/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/in-place-de-la-republique-a-defiant-gathering-to-mourn/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> An impromptu memorial also developed near the Bataclan theatre.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/paris-attacks-mother-daughter-pay-tribute-victims-male-sense-n463751|title=Paris Attacks: Mom, Daughter Pay Tribute to Victims, Make Sense of Terror|publisher=NBC News|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114711/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/paris-attacks-mother-daughter-pay-tribute-victims-male-sense-n463751|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 November, two days after the attacks, a memorial service was held at [[Notre Dame Cathedral]], presided over by the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal [[André Vingt-Trois]], with several political and religious figures in attendance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/mass-at-notre-dame-will-mourn-victims/|title=Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117043456/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/mass-at-notre-dame-will-mourn-victims/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Muslim organisations in France, such as the [[Union of Islamic Organisations of France]], strongly condemned the attacks in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fisher|first=David|title=France's Muslims strongly condemn Paris attacks|url=http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/politics/news/1416259-frances-muslims-strongly-condemn-paris-attacks|date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151129092653/http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/politics/news/1416259-frances-muslims-strongly-condemn-paris-attacks|archive-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Attentats de Paris : les fédérations musulmanes dénoncent "une barbarie abjecte"|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/attentats-de-paris-les-federations-musulmanes-denoncent-une-barbarie-abjecte-7780513339|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=[[RTL (French radio)|RTL]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115232610/http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/attentats-de-paris-les-federations-musulmanes-denoncent-une-barbarie-abjecte-7780513339|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Après les attentats à Paris, les musulmans appelés à réagir|url=http://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/021479424407-apres-les-attentats-a-paris-les-musulmans-appeles-a-reagir-1175306.php|access-date=15 November 2015|work=[[Les Échos (France)|Les Échos]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116141449/http://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/021479424407-apres-les-attentats-a-paris-les-musulmans-appeles-a-reagir-1175306.php|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks affected business at high-profile venues and shopping centres in Paris, and many Parisians were concerned the attacks might lead to a marginalisation of Muslims in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/parisians-fear-attacks-will-divide-not-unite-the-city.html |title=Parisians Fear Terror Attacks Will Divide, Not Unite, the City|author=Celestine Bohlen|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020131558/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/parisians-fear-attacks-will-divide-not-unite-the-city.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> There was not the same call for solidarity with Islam, as in January, following the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/after-paris-attacks-a-darker-mood-toward-islam-emerges-in-france.html|title=After Paris Attacks, a Darker Mood Toward Islam Emerges in France|author1=Adam Nossiter|author2=Liz Alderman|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117091659/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/after-paris-attacks-a-darker-mood-toward-islam-emerges-in-france.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Sales of the [[Flag of France|French flag]], which the French had rarely displayed prior to the attacks, increased dramatically after the attacks.<ref name=FrenchPatriotism>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/europe/paris-attacks-have-many-in-france-eager-to-join-the-fight.html|title=Paris Attacks Have Many in France Eager to Join the Fight|author=Liz Alderman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 November 2015|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127084903/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/europe/paris-attacks-have-many-in-france-eager-to-join-the-fight.html|archive-date=27 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 December, the Bonne Bière café reopened, adorned by a banner with the defiant slogan "Je suis en terrasse" ("I'm on the Terrace"). A street cleaner told [[France 24]] that the city had removed six truckloads of wilted flowers and several kilograms of candles from memorials placed around this and the other shooting scenes: "We didn't really want to get rid of things, but it feels a bit like a cemetery with all the flowers."<ref>{{cite web|last=Chappell|first=Bill|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458439094/caf-that-was-hit-by-paris-terrorism-attack-reopens|title=Cafe That Was Hit By Paris Terrorism Attack Reopens|date=4 December 2015|work=NPR.org|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011191815/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458439094/caf-that-was-hit-by-paris-terrorism-attack-reopens|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === National === ==== Government ==== President Hollande issued a statement asking the French people to remain strong in the face of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/11/13/paris-attacks-president-francois-hollande-sot-tsr.bfmtv/video/playlists/paris-shootings/|title=President Hollande: France will overcome the terrorists|date=13 November 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114104352/http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/11/13/paris-attacks-president-francois-hollande-sot-tsr.bfmtv/video/playlists/paris-shootings/|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Sharma>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Swati|title='It is horror': French President Hollande's remarks after Paris attacks|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/13/it-is-horror-french-president-hollandes-remarks-after-paris-attacks/?tid=pm_world_pop_b|access-date=14 November 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114055525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/13/it-is-horror-french-president-hollandes-remarks-after-paris-attacks/?tid=pm_world_pop_b|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> He also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism.<ref name="Haaretz story" /> Hollande chaired an emergency meeting of the [[Government of France|French Cabinet]] that night and directed his national security council to meet the next morning.<ref name="Haaretz story" /> The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety and declared a state of emergency.<ref name=GuardNov15 /><ref name="National Post 2015-1">{{cite web|title='It's a horror': Hollande orders French borders closed after Paris terror attack leaves at least 149 dead|website=National Post|date=13 November 2015|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/shootout-at-paris-restaurant-leaves-several-dead-police|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151114043628/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/shootout-at-paris-restaurant-leaves-several-dead-police|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=[[Le Figaro]]|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|title=Attaques terroristes à Paris : une centaine de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété|date=13 November 2015 |quote=La Mairie de Paris appelle les habitants de la capitale à rester chez eux|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114040639/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Hollande cancelled his trip to the [[2015 G-20 Antalya summit]] because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister [[Laurent Fabius]] and Finance Minister [[Michel Sapin]] as his representatives.<ref name="G20 trip">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/hollande-cancels-trip-turkey-g20-attacks-presidency-003825521.html;_ylt=AwrC1Ci8g0ZW52kAs2DQtDMD;_ylu=X3oDMTByOHZyb21tBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--|title=Hollande cancels trip to Turkey for G20 after attacks: presidency|publisher=Yahoo! News|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114185503/http://news.yahoo.com/hollande-cancels-trip-turkey-g20-attacks-presidency-003825521.html%3B_ylt%3DAwrC1Ci8g0ZW52kAs2DQtDMD%3B_ylu%3DX3oDMTByOHZyb21tBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 November, Hollande announced three [[national day of mourning|days of national mourning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/attentats-hollande-decrete-le-deuil-national-pendant-trois-jours-2620373|title=Attentats: Hollande décrète "trois jours de deuil national"|date=14 November 2015 |publisher=Europe 1|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115065524/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/attentats-hollande-decrete-le-deuil-national-pendant-trois-jours-2620373|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 November, Hollande convened a special [[Congress of the French Parliament]] to address the attack and lay out legislative and diplomatic plans he wanted to take in response to them. These proposals included an extension of the state of emergency for three months, changes to the [[Constitution of France|French constitution]], one of which would have enabled France to protect itself from [[dual citizen]]s who might pose a risk, and an increase in military attacks against ISIL.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34849724 |title=Paris attacks: Hollande upstages opposition |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2015}}</ref> On 4 December 2015, the French government published a guide in form of a cartoon on how to survive a terrorist attack. The guide is to be posted in public places and be available online.<ref>{{cite news|title=France publishes guide on how to survive a terrorist attack |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/france-publishes-guide-on-how-to-survive-a-terrorist-attack/article27598417/ |website=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=4 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208191825/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/france-publishes-guide-on-how-to-survive-a-terrorist-attack/article27598417/ |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Love|first1=Brian|last2=Callus|first2=Andrew|title=France issues guide to surviving terrorist attack|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-advisory-idUSKBN0TN1LY20151204 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=4 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205025940/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-advisory-idUSKBN0TN1LY20151204 |archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2016, the French government published the report of a commission of inquiry, presided over by [[Georges Fenech]], into possible security failings relating to the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. The report recommended the establishment of a single "national anti-terrorism agency".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20160705-french-inquiry-recommends-intelligence-overhaul-after-paris-attacks |title=French inquiry calls for intelligence overhaul after Paris attacks |publisher=France 24 |date=5 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/rap-enq/r3922-t2.asp |title= French Parliamentary commission's report |author= Assemblée Nationale |date=5 July 2016 |publisher= Assemblée National|access-date= 23 July 2019}}</ref> In August 2016, minister of the interior Bernard Cazeneuve stated that about 20 radicalised mosques and more than 80 hate preachers had been expelled from France since 2012.<ref name="figaro1aug2016">{{cite news|title=Une vingtaine de mosquées fermées depuis décembre, annonce Cazeneuve|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/08/01/01016-20160801ARTFIG00129-une-vingtaine-de-mosquees-fermees-depuis-decembre-annonce-cazeneuve.php|access-date=16 March 2017|work=Le Figaro|date=1 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143031/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/08/01/01016-20160801ARTFIG00129-une-vingtaine-de-mosquees-fermees-depuis-decembre-annonce-cazeneuve.php|archive-date=17 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Military ==== On 15 November, the [[French Air Force]] launched the biggest airstrike of [[Opération Chammal]], its bombing campaign against ISIL, sending 10 aircraft to drop 20 bombs on [[Raqqa]], the city where ISIL is based.<ref name="Airstrikes against ISIS, Police Raids">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/paris-attacks-car-found-with-kalashnikovs-as-gunmans-relatives-questioned|title=Paris attacks: French police launch raids as military strikes Isis in Syria|work=The Guardian|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015 |last=Henley |first=Jon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115223117/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/paris-attacks-car-found-with-kalashnikovs-as-gunmans-relatives-questioned|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 November, the French Air Force carried out more airstrikes on ISIL targets in Raqqa, including a command centre and a training camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/middleeast/france-raqqa-airstrikes-on-isis/|title=French jets bomb ISIS stronghold of Raqqa|publisher=CNN|date=16 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119221911/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/middleeast/france-raqqa-airstrikes-on-isis/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 November 2015, French aircraft carrier ''[[Charles de Gaulle (aircraft carrier)|Charles de Gaulle]]'' left its home port of [[Toulon]] heading towards the eastern [[Mediterranean]] to support bombing operations carried out by the [[Military intervention against ISIL|international coalition]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/video/2015/11/18/le-porte-avions-charles-de-gaulle-a-appareille-en-direction-de-la-mediterranee-orientale_4812714_3218.html |title=Le porte-avions " Charles-de-Gaulle " a appareillé en direction de la Méditerranée orientale |trans-title=Aircraft Carrier "Charles de Gaulle" Heading Towards Eastern Mediterranean |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118220542/http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/video/2015/11/18/le-porte-avions-charles-de-gaulle-a-appareille-en-direction-de-la-mediterranee-orientale_4812714_3218.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> This decision was taken before the November attacks but was accelerated by the events. French authorities regularly gave detailed information to US authorities on the whereabouts of high-ranking IS members in the Syria-Iraq zone to be tracked and killed. This cooperation led to American air strikes being able to kill the planners of the 13 November 2015 attacks. United States authorities cooperated as they consider that if terrorist attacks hadn't taken place in France, they would have done so in the US instead.<ref name="france1"/> ==== Public ==== Applications to join the [[French Army]], which were around 100–150 per day in 2014, rose to 1,500 in the week following the attacks, higher than the rise to 400 after the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting in January.<ref name=FrenchPatriotism/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Floc'h|first1=Benoît|title=Au centre de recrutement des armées :" Ce coup-là, c'est bon, je m'engage "|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/19/au-centre-de-recrutement-des-armees-ce-coup-la-c-est-bon-je-m-engage_4813846_4809495.html|access-date=20 November 2015|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120060154/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/19/au-centre-de-recrutement-des-armees-ce-coup-la-c-est-bon-je-m-engage_4813846_4809495.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Domestic politics ==== All major political parties, including Hollande's governing [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]], [[Marine Le Pen]]'s [[National Front (France)|National Front]], and [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]'s [[The Republicans (France)|Republicans]] temporarily suspended their election campaigns for the [[2015 French regional elections|upcoming French regional elections]].<ref name="Regional election campaigning suspended">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-fn-far-right-le-pen-front-national|title=Front National has chance to take centre stage after Paris attacks|work=The Guardian|date=14 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|last=Willsher|first=Kim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115231706/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-fn-far-right-le-pen-front-national|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> There was a nationwide minute of silence at noon which President Hollande and several ministers observed at a ceremony at the Paris Sorbonne University.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/video/2015/11/16/minute-de-silence-a-la-sorbonne-en-presence-du-president-hollande_4811066_4809495.html|title=Minute de silence à la Sorbonne en présence du président Hollande|work=Le Monde.fr|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117041420/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/video/2015/11/16/minute-de-silence-a-la-sorbonne-en-presence-du-president-hollande_4811066_4809495.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 November, Hollande reaffirmed France's commitment to accept 30,000 Syrian refugees over the next two years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Potter|first=Mitch|date=18 November 2015|title=Hollande promises France will remain a country of freedom|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/18/hollande-promises-france-will-remain-a-country-of-freedom.html|newspaper=Toronto Star|location=Toronto, Canada|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119140851/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/18/hollande-promises-france-will-remain-a-country-of-freedom.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> This was despite the doubts that the terror attack had sown in people's minds. His announcement drew a standing ovation from a gathering of French mayors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/18/france-says-it-will-take-30000-syrian-refugees-while-u-s-republicans-would-turn-them-away/|title=France says it will take 30,000 Syrian refugees, while U.S. Republicans would turn them away|author=Ishaan Tharoor|date=18 November 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119163315/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/18/france-says-it-will-take-30000-syrian-refugees-while-u-s-republicans-would-turn-them-away/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in the election campaign for the regional elections of France, to begin on 6 December 2015, Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right Front National party who was vying to be president of the Nord-Pas de Calais area, was recommending hardline security measures. She was getting a great deal of media attention with her strong anti-immigrant stance and may have been helping to sway public opinion across France. "The influx of migrants must be stopped," Le Pen told the CBC in an interview.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-le-pen-canada-refugees-1.3340209 |title=France's National Front leader calls Canada's refugee plan 'madness' |first=Lisa |last=Mayer |date=27 November 2015 |website=CBC News |publisher=CBC/Radio Canada |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201000235/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-le-pen-canada-refugees-1.3340209 |archive-date=1 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Le Pen was doing well in opinion polls as of early December 2015. Since the elections would start only weeks after the Paris attacks, she was thought to be getting dividends from the timing, when the fear of terrorism was still very strong.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vivdon-White |first=Maya |date=26 November 2015 |title=France's far-right party surges on immigration, terror fears |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/nov/26/frances-far-right-party-surges-on-immigration-terr/ |newspaper=Washington Times |location=Washington, DC, USA |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130203930/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/nov/26/frances-far-right-party-surges-on-immigration-terr/ |archive-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> === European Union === {{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks#European Union}} [[Jean-Claude Juncker]], President of the [[European Commission]], rejected calls to rethink the European Union's policy on migration. Dismissing suggestions that open borders led to the attacks, Juncker said he believed that the attacks should be met with a stronger display of liberal values, including internal open borders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/news-news/index?more=9356590|title=News/Current Events (News/Activism)|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193629/http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/news-news/index?more=9356590|archive-date=30 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.praguepost.com/eu-news/50718-pm-disappointed-at-juncker-s-words-about-migration|title=PM disappointed at Juncker's words about migration|date=15 November 2015|website=The Prague Post|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121035134/http://praguepost.com/eu-news/50718-pm-disappointed-at-juncker-s-words-about-migration|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> European Commission Vice-president [[Federica Mogherini]] and EU defence ministers unanimously backed France's request for help in military missions.<ref>{{cite web|title = Paris attacks: Latest updates – BBC News|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|website = www.bbc.com| date=17 November 2015 |access-date = 17 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117131840/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|archive-date = 17 November 2015|url-status = live}}</ref> The United Kingdom has stated its intent to help France with operations in Syria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1592482/pm-uk-should-join-france-in-syria-strikes|title=PM: UK Should Join France in Syria Strikes|work=Sky News|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125044750/http://news.sky.com/story/1592482/pm-uk-should-join-france-in-syria-strikes|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> while some countries intend to aid France by taking over activities in Africa. Germany announced sending troops to Mali and military trainers to Kurdish forces in Iraq, and on 4 December voted in favour of deploying aircraft and a frigate in an effort to aid the French forces over Syria.<ref>{{cite web|title = German parliament gives green light to air missions in Syria|url = http://www.euronews.com/2015/12/04/german-parliament-approves-air-strikes-in-syria-against-isil-by-445-to-146-votes/|website = euronews|date = 4 December 2015|access-date = 4 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151206230428/http://www.euronews.com/2015/12/04/german-parliament-approves-air-strikes-in-syria-against-isil-by-445-to-146-votes/|archive-date = 6 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-send-up-to-650-soldiers-to-mali/a-18874576|title=Germany to send up to 650 soldiers to Mali|website=dw.com|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135841/http://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-send-up-to-650-soldiers-to-mali/a-18874576|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks prompted European officials to re-evaluate their stance on EU policy toward migrants, especially in light of the ongoing [[European migrant crisis]].<ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-attacks-shift-europes-migrant-focus-to-security.html |title=Paris Attacks Shift Europe's Migrant Focus to Security|author1=Rick Lyman|author2=Alison Smale|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329030311/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-attacks-shift-europes-migrant-focus-to-security.html |archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants2">{{cite news |title=Paris Attacks Provoke Fresh Migrant Fears in Europe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/14/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-migrants-rising-tensions.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118052008/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/14/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-migrants-rising-tensions.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 November 2015 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Many German officials believed a higher level of scrutiny was needed, and criticised German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], while the German Vice-Chancellor [[Sigmar Gabriel]] defended her.<ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants2" /> French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said that he would meet with EU ministers to discuss how to deal with terrorism across the European Union.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/19/france-pm-terrorists-could-use-chemical-weapons-next.html|title=Paris attacks suspected mastermind killed in Saint-Denis raids|last=Bloomberg and Associated Press|date=19 November 2015|work=Toronto Star|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119202621/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/19/france-pm-terrorists-could-use-chemical-weapons-next.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Meeting reports indicated that Schengen area border controls have been tightened for EU citizens entering or leaving, with passport checks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1591309/eu-agrees-to-tighten-border-checks-after-paris|title=EU agrees to tighten border checks|date=20 November 2015|publisher=Sky News|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121135306/http://news.sky.com/story/1591309/eu-agrees-to-tighten-border-checks-after-paris|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and systematic screening against biometric databases. Poland's European affairs minister designate [[Konrad Szymański]] declared that he saw no possibility of enacting the recent [[European migrant crisis#European Union|EU refugee relocation]] scheme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-plans-to-backtrack-on-migrant-commitment-following-attacks-in-paris-a6734521.html|title=Poland says it cannot accept migrants under EU quotas, following attacks in Paris|newspaper=The Independent|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116170030/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-plans-to-backtrack-on-migrant-commitment-following-attacks-in-paris-a6734521.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-poland-reaction-idUKKCN0T30P920151114|title=Poland says cannot take migrants under EU quotas without guarantees after Paris attacks |publisher=[[Reuters]] UK |date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114182022/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/uk-france-shooting-poland-reaction-idUKKCN0T30P920151114|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The new Prime Minister of Poland, [[Beata Szydło]] said she would ask the EU to change its decision on refugee quotas.<ref>[http://kurier.pap.pl/depesza/158613/ Premier w internecie. Szydło: zaproponujemy Unii Europejskiej zmiany decyzji w sprawie uchodźców] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122134152/http://kurier.pap.pl/depesza/158613/ |date=22 November 2015 }} Kurier PAP 21 November 2015 05:31</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/229798,PM-Szydlo-we-need-to-assess-whether-EU-refugees-decision-was-appropriate PM Szydło: we need to assess whether EU refugees decision was 'appropriate'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055914/http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/229798,PM-Szydlo-we-need-to-assess-whether-EU-refugees-decision-was-appropriate |date=22 November 2015 }} Polskie Radio 21 November 2015 12:07</ref> Szydło said Poland would honour the commitment made by the previous government to accommodate 9,000 refugees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/article/6692390/2015/11/22/tunisia-group-claims-beheading-teen-shepherd |title=Poland's new right-wing government takes hard line on migrants |last=Agence France-Press |date=16 November 2015 |website=Global Post|access-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123084828/http://www.globalpost.com/article/6692390/2015/11/22/tunisia-group-claims-beheading-teen-shepherd |archive-date=23 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/polish-pm-slams-eu-policy/2273012.html |title=Polish PM slams EU policy as 'export of migrant problem' |last=Agence France-Press |date=18 November 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |access-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101029/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/polish-pm-slams-eu-policy/2273012.html |archive-date=23 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hungary's prime minister, [[Viktor Orbán]], rejected the concept of mandatory resettlement quotas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/migration/131175|title=France confirms it will receive 30,000 refugees|last=Maurice|first=Eric|date=19 November 2015|website=EUobserver|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120180629/https://euobserver.com/migration/131175|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Czech Prime Minister [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] criticised President [[Miloš Zeman]] for supporting [[Counterjihad|anti-Islamic groups]] and spreading hatred, according to Reuters, whose report added that the Sobotka government had been deporting migrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-immmigrants-czech-pm-idUSKCN0T91LY20151120#O9u6r1hgyhl4fLQI.99|title=Czech PM rebukes president for supporting anti-Islamic groups: paper|last1=Lopatka|first1=Jan|last2=Muller|first2=Robert|date=20 November 2015 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121075911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/20/us-immmigrants-czech-pm-idUSKCN0T91LY20151120#O9u6r1hgyhl4fLQI.99|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> === Intelligence review === [[File:Paris Shootings - The day after (22593744177).jpg|thumb|French police gathering evidence at the Bataclan theatre on 14 November]] Shortly after the attacks, intelligence staff in multiple countries began to review electronic surveillance recorded before the attacks.<ref name="Nossiter 2015" /> [[Adam Schiff]], the [[Ranking member|ranking Democratic member]] of the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]], said he did not know of any intercepted communications that would have provided warning of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. reacts to Paris attacks; officials unaware of prior 'chatter'|url=http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/u-s-reacts-to-paris-attacks-officials-unaware-of-prior/article_b4c24762-8a72-11e5-9423-5f7fb85bd671.html|website=Winston-Salem Journal|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120421/http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/u-s-reacts-to-paris-attacks-officials-unaware-of-prior/article_b4c24762-8a72-11e5-9423-5f7fb85bd671.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> One source said the French National Police met with German police and intelligence services a month before the attack to discuss suspicions that terrorists were staking out possible targets in France. The exact targets were not known at that time.<ref name="sofrep">{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Jack|title=Breaking: French and German Police Knew Paris Attack Was Coming a Month Prior|url=http://sofrep.com/44480/french-and-german-police-knew-paris-attack-was-coming-a-month-prior/|website=SOFREP.com|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115011102/http://sofrep.com/44480/french-and-german-police-knew-paris-attack-was-coming-a-month-prior/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police in Germany stopped a car on 5 November, arrested its driver, and confiscated weapons that may have been connected to the Paris attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Man Arrested in Germany With Weapons in Car May Have Links To Paris Attacks|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/paris-attacks-weapons_56474262e4b06037734934e0|website=The Huffington Post|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115044348/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/paris-attacks-weapons_56474262e4b06037734934e0|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the attackers were known to law enforcement officials prior to the attacks, and at least some of the attackers lived in the [[Sint-Jans-Molenbeek|Molenbeek]] area of Brussels, which is noted for its links to extremist activities.<ref name="CoordinatedAttacks" /> A counter-terrorism expert said the fact that the perpetrators were known to authorities suggested that intelligence was "pretty good" but the ability to act on it was lacking. The number of Europeans who have links to Syria makes it difficult for security services to keep track of them all.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Higgins|first1=Andrew|last2=DE FREYTAS-TAMURA|first2=KIMIKO|last3=BENNHOLDNOV|first3=KATRIN|title=In Suspects' Brussels Neighborhood, a History of Petty Crimes and Missed Chances|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/in-suspects-brussels-neighborhood-a-history-of-petty-crimes-and-missed-chances.html|work=The New York Times|date=17 November 2015 |access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117101804/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/in-suspects-brussels-neighborhood-a-history-of-petty-crimes-and-missed-chances.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 December 2015, "Belgian newspaper ''De Morgen'' reported that a police oversight body, known as Committee P," is investigating why prior warnings from a school about the radicalisation of one of the attackers, Bilal Hadfi, were not reported to Belgian law enforcement.<ref>{{Cite news|title = School's Warnings About Paris Attacker Were Not Passed On|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/world/europe/schools-warnings-about-paris-attacker-were-not-passed-on.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 26 December 2015|access-date = 26 December 2015|issn = 0362-4331|first1 = Sewell|last1 = Chan|first2 = Milan|last2 = Schreuer|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151226233001/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/world/europe/schools-warnings-about-paris-attacker-were-not-passed-on.html|archive-date = 26 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref> On 8 March 2021, [[Italy|Italian]] police arrested a 36-year-old [[Algeria]]n man on suspicion of helping authors of the Paris attacks and for belonging to the [[Islamic State group]]. It was reported that he had "guaranteed the availability of forged documents" to the Paris attackers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210308-italy-arrests-forger-over-links-to-2015-paris-attack|title=Italy arrests 'forger' over links to 2015 Paris attack|access-date=8 March 2021|website=France 24|date=8 March 2021}}</ref> == Security changes == === In France === In response to the attacks, France was put under an [[States of emergency in France|''état d'urgence'' (state of emergency)]] for the first time since [[2005 French riots|the 2005 riots]],<ref name="NYT act of war" /> borders were temporarily closed, and 1,500 soldiers were called in to help the police maintain order in Paris.<ref name="AFP summary" /><ref name="National Post 2015-1" /><ref name="Washington Post live updates">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews-live/liveblog/live-updates-attacks-in-paris/?tid=sm_tw#f641a482-34ca-4352-a8c8-3ae4d95539ab?tid=ss_tw|title=Live updates: Attacks in Paris|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114030454/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews-live/liveblog/live-updates-attacks-in-paris/?tid=sm_tw#f641a482-34ca-4352-a8c8-3ae4d95539ab?tid=ss_tw|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Orsan plan|plan blanc]]'' (Île de France) and ''[[French red plan|plan rouge]]'' (global), two [[contingency plan]]s for times of emergency, were immediately activated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris déploie son ' plan multi-attentats '|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/breve/34449/paris-deploie-son-etlaquo-plan-multi-attentats-etr |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Radio Canada|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116011050/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/breve/34449/paris-deploie-son-etlaquo-plan-multi-attentats-etr|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Attaques simultanées à Paris: La Préfecture demande aux gens de "rester chez eux"|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730175-20151113-attaques-simultanees-paris-prefecture-demande-gens-rester-chez|website=20 Minutes|date=13 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116020023/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730175-20151113-attaques-simultanees-paris-prefecture-demande-gens-rester-chez|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Attaques à Paris : "Plan blanc" d'urgence et de crise à l'AP-HP|url=http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-plan-blanc-durgence-et-de-crise-a-lap-hp-2620155|website=Europe 1|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116005055/http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-plan-blanc-durgence-et-de-crise-a-lap-hp-2620155|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Flights to and from [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] and [[Orly Airport]] were mostly unaffected.<ref name="Nossiter 2015" /> [[American Airlines]] delayed flights to Paris until further notice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/france-shooting-flights-usa-idUSL1N13901120151114|title=American Airlines delays Paris flights |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115052825/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/france-shooting-flights-usa-idUSL1N13901120151114|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Many [[Paris Métro]] stations in the 10th and 11th arrondissements were shut down because of the attacks.<ref name="National Post 2015-1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-cinq-lignes-de-metro-coupees-2620161|title=Attaques à Paris : cinq lignes de métro coupées|author=A-J.C. avec AFP|work=europe1.fr|date=14 November 2015 |access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116135643/http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-cinq-lignes-de-metro-coupees-2620161|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Uber]] suspended car hails in Paris after the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.techinsider.io/uber-suspended-in-paris-2015-11|title=Parisians Take to Twitter to Figure Out Transportation After Paris Attacks|author=Megan Willett|work=[[Tech Insider]]|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116220056/http://www.techinsider.io/uber-suspended-in-paris-2015-11|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> All state schools and universities in Paris remained closed the next day.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[Elysee]]|url=http://www.elysee.fr/communiques-de-presse/article/communique-a-l-issue-du-conseil-des-ministres/|title=Communiqué à l'issue du Conseil des ministres|quote=Les écoles, lycées et établissements scolaires et universitaires seront fermés ce samedi|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114003748/http://www.elysee.fr/communiques-de-presse/article/communique-a-l-issue-du-conseil-des-ministres|archive-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=ParisResponse>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks-what-we-know-and-dont-know.html|title=Paris Attacks: What We Know and Don't Know|author=Victoria Shannon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114165717/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks-what-we-know-and-dont-know.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Sports events in France for the weekend of 14–15 November were postponed or cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/news/12040/10066354/sporting-events-in-paris-called-off-in-wake-of-terror-attacks|title=Sporting events in Paris called off in wake of terror attacks|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117000957/http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/news/12040/10066354/sporting-events-in-paris-called-off-in-wake-of-terror-attacks|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isu.org/en/news-and-events/news/2015/11/grand-prix-fra-cancelled|title=ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Event in Bordeaux France cancelled|date=14 November 2015|publisher=International Skating Union|access-date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116183355/http://isu.org/en/news-and-events/news/2015/11/grand-prix-fra-cancelled|archive-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> [[Disneyland Paris]], which had operated every day since opening in 1992, closed its parks as a mark of respect for those who died in the attacks.<ref name=ParisResponse /><ref>{{cite web|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|title=Disneyland Paris Closed in the Wake of Terrorist Attack|website=Variety|date=14 November 2015|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneyland-paris-closed-in-the-wake-of-terrorist-attack-1201639996/|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116150532/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneyland-paris-closed-in-the-wake-of-terrorist-attack-1201639996/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Eiffel Tower]], a Paris landmark visited by 20,000 people a day, was closed for two days.<ref name=ParisResponse /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/16/eiffel-tower-reopens-lit-in-tricolor/75880664/|title=Eiffel Tower reopens, lit in blue, white, red|date=16 November 2015|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011192932/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/16/eiffel-tower-reopens-lit-in-tricolor/75880664/|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Other venues that were to remain closed included shops and cinemas.<ref name=ParisResponse /> Protests were banned until 19 November,<ref name=ParisResponse /> while bands such as [[U2]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[Motörhead]], and [[Coldplay]] cancelled performances in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paris attacks: Gigs cancelled as bands pay respects|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34825865|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115153237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34825865|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The week after 20 November, Hollande was planning to travel to the US and Russia to discuss greater international co-operation against ISIL.<ref name=star20Nov>{{cite news|last1=Ritter|first1=Karl|last2=Cook|first2=Lorne|date=20 November 2015|title=Death toll rises to 130 following Paris attacks|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/20/third-body-found-at-scene-of-paris-attacks-police-raid.html|newspaper=Toronto Star|location=Toronto, Canada|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120174506/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/20/third-body-found-at-scene-of-paris-attacks-police-raid.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== State of emergency ==== On 13 November, President Hollande declared the [[States of emergency in France|state of emergency]].<ref name="NYT act of war" /> On 20 November, the Senate in France agreed to extend the current state of emergency by three months; this measure gave police extra powers of detention and arrest intended to increase security, at the expense of some personal liberties.<ref name=star20Nov/> (For effects, see also: [[2016 Nice truck attack#Raids and house arrests under state of emergency]].) Public demonstrations of environmental activists during [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP21]], held in Paris from 30 November to 12 December 2015, were prevented from happening under the state of emergency regulations, while others were allowed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-19|title=COP21 climate marches in Paris not authorised following attacks|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/18/cop21-climate-marches-paris-attacks|access-date=2021-12-28|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-29|title=Peaceful Paris climate gathering descends into clashes with police|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/29/peaceful-paris-climate-gathering-descends-into-clashes-with-police|access-date=2021-12-28|website=[[the Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> A next time, the state of emergency was extended until the end of July 2016.<ref name=nrcMay>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20160523132415/http://www.nrc.nl/handelsblad/2016/05/12/frankrijk-trekt-onvoldoende-lering-uit-de-aanslag-1617305 'Frankrijk trekt onvoldoende lering uit de aanslagen' ('France learns not enough from the attacks')]. [[NRC Handelsblad]], 12 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. François Heisbourg is cited as saying: "The state of emergency has now been extended twice, the last time until end of July 2016".</ref> Further extensions followed after the [[2016 Nice truck attack|attack in Nice]] on 14 July 2016. === Belgium === {{further|2015 Brussels lockdown}} Belgium immediately on 13 November tightened security along its border with France and increased security checks for people arriving from France.<ref name=GuardNov15 /> Starting on 21 November 2015, the [[Federal Government of Belgium|government of Belgium]] imposed a security [[lockdown]] on [[Brussels]], including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks in the wake of the series of coordinated attacks in Paris.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |title=Brussels in lockdown after terror threat level is raised to maximum |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/brussels-locked-down-after-terror-threat-level-raised-to-maximum |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121164054/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/brussels-locked-down-after-terror-threat-level-raised-to-maximum |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Brussels shutdown as manhunt for Paris fugitive Abdeslam continues |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34892680 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121235309/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34892680 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Live">{{cite news |title=Paris attacks: Brussels on high alert |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34889312 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121121359/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34889312 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Higgins |first1=Andrew |last2=de Freytas-Tamura |first2=Kimiko |title=Brussels Placed at Highest Alert Level; Subway Is Closed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/europe/brussels-placed-at-highest-alert-level-subway-is-closed.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121134334/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/europe/brussels-placed-at-highest-alert-level-subway-is-closed.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NBC">{{cite news |last1=Jamieson |first1=Alastair |last2=Winter |first2=Tom |last3=Akyavas |first3=Aziz |last4=Lavanga |first4=Claudio |title=Brussels on Terror Lockdown Amid Threat of Paris-Style Attack |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/belgium-raises-threat-level-brussels-highest-possible-level-n467431 |newspaper=NBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030526/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/belgium-raises-threat-level-brussels-highest-possible-level-n467431 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the perpetrators of the attack, Belgian-born French national [[Salah Abdeslam]], was thought to be hiding in the city. As a result of warnings of a serious and imminent threat, the terror alert level was raised to the highest level (four) across the Brussels metropolitan area, and people were advised not to congregate publicly, effectively putting the city under [[lockdown]].<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="NBC" /> === International === Cities in the United States took security precautions, especially at sites where large crowds were expected, as well as sports events, concerts, the [[Embassy of France, Washington, D.C.|French embassy]] and other French government sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/nyregion/day-after-paris-attacks-familiar-fear-grips-a-wary-new-york.html |title=Day After Paris Attacks, Familiar Fear Grips a Wary New York|author1=Benjamin Mueller|author2=Michael S. Schmidt|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135803/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/nyregion/day-after-paris-attacks-familiar-fear-grips-a-wary-new-york.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/cities-u-s-increase-security-after-paris-attacks-n463306|title=Cities in U.S. Increase Security After Paris Attacks|publisher=NBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114010352/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/cities-u-s-increase-security-after-paris-attacks-n463306|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William J. Bratton]], the [[New York City Police Commissioner]], said the Paris attacks have changed the way law enforcement deals with security.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/bratton-says-attacks-will-force-law-enforcement-to-change-tactics/|title=New York City Police Commissioner Says Attacks Will Force Changes in Tactics|author=J. David Goodman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115220821/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/bratton-says-attacks-will-force-law-enforcement-to-change-tactics/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore raised its national security alert level, stepping up border checks and security across the city-state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore raises alert level following Paris attacks: Shanmugam|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-raises-alert/2260170.html|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116023829/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-raises-alert/2260170.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police and military authorities in [[Manila]] were placed on full alert in preparation for the [[APEC Philippines 2015|APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Calica|first1=Aurea|title=Noy vows highest security for APEC|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/15/1521955/noy-vows-highest-security-apec|access-date=15 November 2015|work=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114203417/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/15/1521955/noy-vows-highest-security-apec|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> == International reactions == {{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks}}<!--Per talk page discussions, do not add lists of reactions nor messages of condolence--> [[File:Je suis Paris Luxembourg-ville 2015 large.jpg|thumb|Flower tributes outside the French Embassy in [[Luxembourg City]]]] Many heads of state and heads of government, as well as the United Nations, offered messages of condolence and solidarity in the wake of the attacks.<ref>{{plainlist|* {{cite web|title=Turnbull condemns 'brutal' terror attacks|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-14/turnbull-condemns-brutal-terror-attacks/6941074|website=ABC News|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114091643/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-14/turnbull-condemns-brutal-terror-attacks/6941074|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_15B/Nov14_1447475353CH.php|title=Sri Lankan leaders offer 'prayers and thoughts' over Paris attacks|work=ColomboPage|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114213559/http://www.colombopage.com/archive_15B/Nov14_1447475353CH.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|title=France : l'ONU condamne les attaques terroristes à Paris|url=https://www.un.org/apps/newsFr/storyF.asp?NewsID=36074&Cr=terrorisme&Cr1=#.VkaDl-KxWwg|website=Centre d'actualités de l'ONU|date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114051644/http://www.un.org/apps/newsFr/storyF.asp?NewsID=36074&Cr=terrorisme&Cr1=#.VkaDl-KxWwg|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|first=Kashmira|last=Gander|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attacks-david-cameron-shocked-by-violence-in-french-capital-a6734276.html|title=Paris attacks: David Cameron 'shocked' after over 100 killed in French capital|work=The Independent|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114231829/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attacks-david-cameron-shocked-by-violence-in-french-capital-a6734276.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|title=Paris attacks: Justin Trudeau says terrorist attacks 'deeply worrying'|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-paris-attacks-1.3318791|website=CBCNews|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114033856/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-paris-attacks-1.3318791|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|title=Paris attacks: China's President Xi Jinping says he's willing to join France in combating terrorism|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/paris-attacks-chinas-president-xi-jinping-says-hes-willing-to-join-france-in-combating|website=The Straits Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115101915/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/paris-attacks-chinas-president-xi-jinping-says-hes-willing-to-join-france-in-combating|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|title=Chinese premier strongly condemns Paris terror attacks|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-11/14/c_134815622.htm|agency=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117064727/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-11/14/c_134815622.htm|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}} * {{cite tweet|author=Narendra Modi|user=narendramodi|number=665303824509210626|date=13 November 2015|title=News from Paris is anguishing & dreadful. Prayers with families of the deceased. We are united with people of France in this tragic hour.}} * {{cite web|title=World Leaders Express Shock, Sadness at Paris Attacks|date=14 November 2015 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/world-leaders-express-shock-paris-attacks-n463286|publisher=NBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114013251/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/world-leaders-express-shock-paris-attacks-n463286|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite news|last1=Sabillo|first1=Kristine Angeli|title=Aquino: 'We stand with France now'|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/131000/aquino-we-stand-with-france-now|access-date=14 November 2015|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114161429/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/131000/aquino-we-stand-with-france-now|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|title=Russia condemns 'hateful' attacks in Paris, ready to help investigation|url=https://news.yahoo.com/russia-condemns-hateful-attacks-paris-ready-help-investigation-000231111.html|work=Yahoo News|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114185505/http://news.yahoo.com/russia-condemns-hateful-attacks-paris-ready-help-investigation-000231111.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|last1=Ndonga|first1=Simon|title=Uhuru says Kenya stands with Paris in extremism war|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2015/11/uhuru-says-kenya-stands-with-paris-in-extremism-war/|website=Capital FM News|date=14 November 2015 |publisher=Capital FM Kenya|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115232503/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2015/11/uhuru-says-kenya-stands-with-paris-in-extremism-war/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-34827951|title=Wales joins minute's silence for victims|publisher=BBC News|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117002636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-34827951|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/228816/paris-attacks-minutes-silence-in-uk-to-mark-friday-nights-acts-of-terror|title=Minute's silence in UK to remember the 132 victims|publisher=City AM|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117002702/http://www.cityam.com/228816/paris-attacks-minutes-silence-in-uk-to-mark-friday-nights-acts-of-terror|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] has passed a bill that made it more difficult for Syrian and [[Refugees of Iraq|Iraqi refugees]] to enter the United States.<ref>"[https://news.yahoo.com/us-house-passes-bill-suspending-syria-refugee-program-190747570.html US House votes to suspend Syria refugee program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116031904/https://news.yahoo.com/us-house-passes-bill-suspending-syria-refugee-program-190747570.html |date=16 November 2018 }}". Yahoo News. 19 November 2015.</ref> At least 31 governors of [[U.S. state]]s declared they would refuse to accept [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War|Syrian refugees]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/world/paris-attacks-syrian-refugees-backlash/|title=More than half the nation's governors say Syrian refugees not welcome|publisher=CNN|date=19 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117004429/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/world/paris-attacks-syrian-refugees-backlash/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> === Muslim officials === {{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks#Responses from Muslim groups}} Muslim heads of state, scholars, [[imam]]s, leaders and groups condemned the attacks, many before ISIL claimed responsibility.<ref name="independent1">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/paris-terror-muslim-leaders-around-the-world-condemn-heinous-attacks-a6734711.html|title=Paris terror: Muslim leaders around the world condemn 'heinous' attacks|author=Rose Troup Buchanan|date=14 November 2015|work=The Independent|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193126/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/paris-terror-muslim-leaders-around-the-world-condemn-heinous-attacks-a6734711.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> These included the imam who heads the university of [[Al-Azhar]] in Egypt; the Supreme council of Religious Scholars in Saudi Arabia;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/11/14/Arab-states-denounce-Paris-attacks-as-violation-of-human-values-.html|title=Arab states condemn 'terrorist' Paris attacks|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=14 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117052415/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/11/14/Arab-states-denounce-Paris-attacks-as-violation-of-human-values-.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Iranian president [[Hassan Rouhani]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Paris attacks 'crimes against humanity': Iran president|url=https://news.yahoo.com/paris-attacks-crimes-against-humanity-iran-president-184138669.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217113747/http://news.yahoo.com/paris-attacks-crimes-against-humanity-iran-president-184138669.html|archive-date=17 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Ahmadiyya]] caliph [[Mirza Masroor Ahmad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khalifaofislam.com/press-releases/head-of-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-condemns-paris-attacks-and-prays-for-victims/|title=Head of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community condemns Paris attacks and prays for victims|work=Khalifa of Islam|date=14 November 2015 |access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015249/http://www.khalifaofislam.com/press-releases/head-of-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-condemns-paris-attacks-and-prays-for-victims/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Syrian president [[Bashar al-Assad]] condemned the attacks, but added that France's support for [[Belligerents in the Syrian Civil War|Syrian rebel groups]] had contributed to the spread of terrorism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-11/14/c_134816391.htm|title=France suffers from savage terror as Syrian people have been: Assad|date=14 November 2015|agency=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117002035/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-11/14/c_134816391.htm|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> France had been a particularly vocal opponent of Assad during the [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/assad-says-paris-attacks-result-from-frances-aiding-rebels-in-syria/2015/11/14/287f7576-8adc-11e5-bd91-d385b244482f_story.html|title=Syria's President Assad says Paris attacks result from France's aiding of rebels|author=Hugh Naylor|date=14 November 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107070116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/assad-says-paris-attacks-result-from-frances-aiding-rebels-in-syria/2015/11/14/287f7576-8adc-11e5-bd91-d385b244482f_story.html|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ahrar ash-Sham]] and [[Jaysh al-Islam]], the major mainstream Islamist rebels against the Syrian regime, both condemned the attacks.<ref name="middleeasteye1">{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/al-nusra-front-back-attacks-paris-despite-opposition-islamic-state-976490550|title=Syria's Nusra Front backs Paris attacks, despite opposition to Islamic State|work=Middle East Eye|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117072955/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/al-nusra-front-back-attacks-paris-despite-opposition-islamic-state-976490550|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]], the leader of [[Hezbollah]], condemned the attacks, and expressed his solidarity with the French people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hezbollah chief denounces Paris attacks|url=https://news.yahoo.com/hezbollah-chief-lebanon-denounces-paris-attacks-184742949.html|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319005742/http://news.yahoo.com/hezbollah-chief-lebanon-denounces-paris-attacks-184742949.html|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Other militant groups also condemned the attacks, including [[Hamas]] and [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/hamas-hezbollah-islamic-jihad-denounce-paris-attacks/a-18850966|title=Hamas, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad denounce Paris attacks|work=DW.COM|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117060454/http://www.dw.com/en/hamas-hezbollah-islamic-jihad-denounce-paris-attacks/a-18850966|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[al-Nusra Front]], the Syrian branch of Al-Qaeda, praised the attacks, saying that even though they viewed ISIL as "dogs of [[Jahannam|hellfire]]", they applauded when "[[Kafir|infidels]]" get attacked by ISIL.<ref name="middleeasteye1"/> == Related incidents == === Hanover bombing plot === A few days after the attacks, on 17 November, a football friendly set to be played at [[Niedersachsenstadion|HDI-Arena]] in [[Hanover]] between Germany (who had just been present at the Stade de France during the Paris attacks) and the Netherlands was cancelled and thousands of football fans evacuated from the arena following a bomb threat.<ref name="abcau">{{Cite news|title=Bomb threat leads to cancellation of Germany-Netherlands 'freedom' football friendly|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-18/germany-netherlands-freedom-match-cancelled-over-bomb-threat/6950074|work=ABC News|date=17 November 2015|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222093408/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-18/germany-netherlands-freedom-match-cancelled-over-bomb-threat/6950074|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The match, having been hailed as a "symbol of freedom" after the Paris attacks, was set to be attended in a show of solidarity with France by German chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], vice-chancellor [[Sigmar Gabriel]], several other German government ministers, as well as Dutch defence minister [[Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert]] and health and sport minister [[Edith Schippers]].<ref name="abcau"/> According to a French intelligence dossier, five bombs had been prepared to be detonated at or around the stadium by a named five-member terror cell in a series of coordinated bomb attacks.<ref name="Telegraph12008382">{{Cite news|title='Five bombings planned' in Germany according to French intelligence dossier|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/12008382/Five-bombings-planned-in-Germany-according-to-French-intelligence-dossier.html|work=The Telegraph|date=20 November 2015|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316033556/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/12008382/Five-bombings-planned-in-Germany-according-to-French-intelligence-dossier.html|archive-date=16 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> German authorities refused to give more details on findings, with Interior Minister [[Thomas de Maiziere]] claiming that "some of these answers would alarm the public."<ref name="Telegraph12008382"/> While police claimed to not have found any explosives, German newspapers published allegations of a cover-up, which claimed that a paramedic had witnessed explosives hidden in an ambulance at the stadium, before being told by special forces at the scene "to not talk about it."<ref name="Telegraph12008382"/> Another newspaper claimed it had been a [[truck bomb]] disguised as an ambulance.<ref name="Independenta6738361">{{Cite news|title=Germany vs Netherlands match in Hannover cancelled following 'concrete threat made with plans for explosion'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/germany-vs-netherlands-football-game-in-hannover-called-off-by-police-a6738361.html|work=The Independent|date=17 November 2015|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602003027/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/germany-vs-netherlands-football-game-in-hannover-called-off-by-police-a6738361.html|archive-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="heavycom">{{Cite news|title='Ambulance Truck Bomb' Scare at Hannover Stadium: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=http://heavy.com/news/2015/11/ambulance-packed-with-explosives-truck-bomb-disguised-hannover-stadium-germany-soccer-football-game-match-netherlands-threat-evacuation-detonate-isis-terrorism-terrorists/|work=Heavy.com|date=17 November 2015|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302170759/http://heavy.com/news/2015/11/ambulance-packed-with-explosives-truck-bomb-disguised-hannover-stadium-germany-soccer-football-game-match-netherlands-threat-evacuation-detonate-isis-terrorism-terrorists/|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Three police officers were disciplined for leaking information about alleged bomb finds.<ref name="Telegraph12008382"/> At the same time also in Hanover, the [[TUI Arena]] was evacuated before a concert by the band [[Söhne Mannheims]], and a train station was closed off after a suspicious device was found.<ref name="Independenta6738361"/><ref name="heavycom"/> Later the same evening, two [[Air France]] flights headed from the United States to Paris were diverted to [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]]<ref name="SLTrib" >{{Cite web|title=Air France plane — diverted to SLC after bomb threat — is cleared to leave for Paris|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3193848&itype=CMSID|access-date=2021-11-21|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] because of bomb threats.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Serious plans for explosions' cancel Netherlands-Germany soccer match|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/europe/germany-netherlands-soccer-canceled/index.html|work=CNN|date=17 November 2015|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011200352/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/europe/germany-netherlands-soccer-canceled/index.html|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The events followed the previous day, when a football match set to be played in [[Brussels]] between Belgium and Spain had also been cancelled over security concerns.<ref name="Independenta6738361"/><ref name="heavycom"/> === 2016 Brussels raids === {{main|2016 Brussels police raids}} On 15 March 2016, Belgian police carried out a raid on a house in the suburb of [[Forest, Belgium|Forest]] in Brussels. A police statement said that the raid was related to the Paris attacks.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 March 2016|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/15/europe/brussels-paris-attacks-shots-fired/index.html|title=Shots in Brussels raid tied to Paris attacks|website=CNN|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151446/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/15/europe/brussels-paris-attacks-shots-fired/index.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 March 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35809974|title=Gunfire in Brussels raid on 'Paris attacks suspects'|website=BBC News|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315162419/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35809974|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Four police officers were wounded in the raid, and a manhunt for escaped suspects followed.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 March 2016|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/brussels-anti-terror-raid-shooting-a6932326.html|title=Gunfire in Brussels after 'police raid on suspected terrorists'|website=The Independent|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/brussels-anti-terror-raid-shooting-a6932326.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/15/belgian-police-hunt-gunman-after-brussels-anti-terror-raid|title=Belgian police hunt gunman after Brussels anti-terror raid|date=15 March 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155643/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/15/belgian-police-hunt-gunman-after-brussels-anti-terror-raid|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 March 2016, there were further raids in the [[Molenbeek]] area of Brussels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35846954|title='Shots fired' in new Brussels raids|date=18 March 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318165407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35846954|archive-date=18 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Two suspects were reportedly injured in one such raid and a third suspect was killed.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} Five people, one identified as [[Salah Abdeslam]], suspected accomplice in the Paris attacks, were arrested during the raid.<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|title=Belgian police checking if man detained is Paris terror attack suspect|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/18/world/paris-attack-salah-abdeslam-fingerprints/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=18 March 2016|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318095945/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/18/world/paris-attack-salah-abdeslam-fingerprints/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/18/paris-attacks-suspect-salah-abdeslam-wounded-in-brussels-terror-raid-reports|title=Paris attacks suspect Salah Abdeslam arrested in Brussels terror raid|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=18 March 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318170441/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/18/paris-attacks-suspect-salah-abdeslam-wounded-in-brussels-terror-raid-reports|archive-date=18 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/18/470976757/police-operation-linked-to-paris-attacks-underway-in-brussels|title=Paris Attacks Suspect Salah Abdeslam Is Captured During Raid in Brussels|work=NPR|date=18 March 2016|access-date=18 March 2016|first=Merrit|last=Kennedy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318185908/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/18/470976757/police-operation-linked-to-paris-attacks-underway-in-brussels|archive-date=18 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Media depictions== One of the people who was present in the Bataclan theatre on 13 November 2015 during the terrorist attacks was a French artist who works under the pseudonym ''Fred Dewilde''. In October 2016, he published a [[graphic novel]] about his firsthand experience of these tragic events, named ''Mon Bataclan''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/dewilde_fred.htm |title=Fred Dewilde |work=Lambiek.net |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185329/https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/dewilde_fred.htm |archive-date=9 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leicester |first=John |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-graphic-novel-recounts-bataclan-horror/ |title=New graphic novel recounts Bataclan horror |work=The Times of Israel |date=21 October 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909190248/https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-graphic-novel-recounts-bataclan-horror/ |archive-date=9 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/bd/2016/10/20/03014-20161020ARTFIG00214--mon-bataclan-le-recit-bouleversant-d-un-rescape-en-bande-dessinee.php |title=Mon Bataclan: le récit bouleversant d'un rescapé en bande dessinée |work=Lefigaro.fr |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185147/http://www.lefigaro.fr/bd/2016/10/20/03014-20161020ARTFIG00214--mon-bataclan-le-recit-bouleversant-d-un-rescape-en-bande-dessinee.php |archive-date=9 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 27 April 2016, American rock band [[Pierce the Veil]] released a song titled "[[Circles (Pierce the Veil song)|Circles]]", inspired by the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pierce The Veil Streaming Song Inspired By Paris Terror Attacks (a top story)::Pierce The Veil News ::antiMusic.com |url=https://www.antimusic.com/news/16/April/ts27Pierce_The_Veil_Streaming_Song_Inspired_By_Paris_Terror_Attacks.shtml |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=www.antimusic.com}}</ref> On 6 June 2018, [[Gédéon and Jules Naudet]] released the documentary ''[[November 13: Attack on Paris]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/06/november-13-attack-on-paris-netflix-review-docuseries-1201970425/ |title='November 13: Attack on Paris' Review: Netflix Docuseries Is a Shocking, Restrained Account of a National Tragedy |first=Steve |last=Greene |date=1 June 2018 |access-date=10 December 2019 |publisher=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> On 5 October 2022, the French film ''[[November (2022 film)|November]]'' was released, directed by [[Cédric Jimenez]] and starring [[Jean Dujardin]], that depicts the investigations and the interventions of the police (in particular of the anti-terrorist sub-directorate) during the five days which followed the attacks. [[Alice Winocour]]'s 2022 feature film ''Revoir Paris''<ref>{{Citation |last=Winocour |first=Alice |title=Revoir Paris |date=2023-07-25 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15329224/ |type=Drama |access-date=2023-09-06 |others=Virginie Efira, Benoît Magimel, Grégoire Colin |publisher=Dharamsala, Darius Films, Pathé}}</ref> (''Paris Memories'') looked at the effects of the aftermath of a group of people trapped in an attached bistro and starred [[Virginie Efira]]. == See also == {{Portal|France}} {{div col|colwidth=25em}} * [[2016 Brussels bombings]], another attack by the [[Brussels ISIL terror cell]] * [[Manchester Arena bombing]], another attack at a music event * [[2015 in France]] * [[History of Paris]] * [[ISIL-related terror attacks in France]] * [[List of hostage crises]] * [[List of Islamist terrorist attacks]] * [[List of major terrorist incidents]] * [[List of marauding terrorist incidents]] * [[List of terrorist incidents in France]] * [[List of terrorist incidents in November 2015]] * [[2016 Nice truck attack]] * [[2018 Strasbourg attack]] {{div col end}} == Notes == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{GeoGroup}}<!--{{GeoGroupTemplate}} (may not work for this coord type)--> {{reflist|group="C"}} == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{External links|section|date=June 2021}} {{Sister project links|b=no|n=no|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}} * [http://graphics.france24.com/paris-attacks-investigation-terrorism-belgium-bataclan-suspects/index.html Investigation] at [[France 24]] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994 Timeline] and [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30717580 updates] at [[BBC News]] * [http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/europe/2015-paris-terror-attacks-fast-facts/index.html Timeline] and [http://www.cnn.com/specials/paris-terror-attacks updates] at [[CNN]] * {{IMDb title|8194716|November 13: Attack on Paris}} * {{IMDb title|14542254|Novembre|(2022 film)}} {{November 2015 Paris attacks}} {{Brussels ISIL terror cell}} {{European migrant crisis}} {{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} {{Islamic terrorism in Europe}} {{Saint-Denis}} {{January 2015 France attacks}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Paris attacks}} [[Category:November 2015 Paris attacks| ]] [[Category:10th arrondissement of Paris|November 2015]] [[Category:11th arrondissement of Paris|November 2015]] [[Category:1st arrondissement of Paris|November 2015]] [[Category:2015 in Paris|November]] [[Category:2015 mass shootings in Europe]] [[Category:2015 murders in France]] [[Category:21st-century mass murder in France]] [[Category:Attacks in France in the 2010s]] [[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Paris]] [[Category:Attacks on music venues]] [[Category:Attacks on restaurants in France]] [[Category:Attacks on sports venues]] [[Category:Attacks on theatres]] [[Category:Building bombings in France]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm in France]] [[Category:Emergency laws in France]] [[Category:Explosions in 2015]] [[Category:French involvement in the Syrian civil war]] [[Category:Hostage taking in France]] [[Category:Improvised explosive device bombings in Paris]] [[Category:ISIL terrorist incidents in France]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Paris|November 2015]] [[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015]] [[Category:Mass murder in Paris|November 2015]] [[Category:Mass shootings in France]] [[Category:Massacres in 2015]] [[Category:Massacres in France]] [[Category:Massacres perpetrated by ISIL]] [[Category:Murder–suicides in France]] [[Category:November 2015 crimes in Europe]] [[Category:November 2015 events in France]] [[Category:Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis]] [[Category:Suicide bombings in France]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in France in 2015]] [[Category:2015 building bombings]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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