North American T-28 Trojan

{{Short description|Family of military training aircraft}}
{{About |the aircraft|other uses|T28 (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  |name = T-28 Trojan
  |image = File:T-28B VT-2 over NAS Whiting Field c1973.jpeg
  |caption = A US Navy T-28B in 1973
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
  |type = Trainer aircraft<br>Light attack
  |manufacturer = [[North American Aviation]]
  |designer =
  |first flight = 24 September 1949
  |introduced =
  |retired = 1994 [[Philippine Air Force]]<ref>[http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/philippines/phl.html "Historical Listings: Philippines, (PHL)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064749/http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/philippines/phl.html |date=2011-07-20 }} ''World Air Forces.'' Retrieved: 19 May 2011.</ref>
  |status =
  |primary user = [[United States Air Force]]
  |more users = [[United States Navy]] <br />[[Republic of Vietnam Air Force]]<br />[[French Air Force]]<!--Limited to three-->
  |produced = 1950–1957
  |number built = 1,948
  |armament = 
  |unit cost =
  |developed from = [[North American XSN2J]]
  |variants with their own articles =
  |developed into= [[AIDC T-CH-1]]}}
|}

The '''North American Aviation T-28 Trojan''' is a [[Radial engine|radial-engine]] military [[trainer aircraft]] manufactured by [[North American Aviation]] and used by the [[United States Air Force]] and [[United States Navy]] beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a [[counter-insurgency]] aircraft, primarily during the [[Vietnam War]]. It has continued in civilian use as an [[aerobatics]] and [[warbird]] performer.

==Design and development==
On 24 September 1949, the '''XT-28''' (company designation '''NA-159''') was flown for the first time, designed to replace the [[T-6 Texan]]. The T-28A arrived at the [[Air Proving Ground]], [[Eglin Air Force Base]], Florida, in mid-June 1950, for suitability tests as an advanced trainer by the 3200th Fighter Test Squadron, with consideration given to its transition, instrument, and gunnery capabilities.<ref>Fort Walton, Florida, "''T-28 Trainer Now at Eglin – Is Latest Word In Instructional Craft''", Playground News, 22 June 1950, Vol. 5, No. 21, p. 10.</ref> Found satisfactory, a contract was issued and between 1950 and 1957, a total of 1,948 were built.

Following the T-28's withdrawal from U.S. military service, a number were remanufactured by [[Hamilton Aircraft]] into two versions called the '''Nomair'''. The first refurbished machines, designated '''T-28R-1''' were similar to the standard T-28s they were adapted from, and were supplied to the [[Brazilian Navy]]. Later, a more ambitious conversion was undertaken as the '''T-28R-2''', which transformed the two-seat tandem aircraft into a five-seat cabin monoplane for general aviation use. Other civil conversions of ex-military T-28As were undertaken by [[PacAero]] as the '''Nomad Mark I''' and '''Nomad Mark II'''<ref name="IEA">''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft'' 1985, p. 2678.</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:T-28A West Virginia ANG c1957.jpg|thumb|[[West Virginia Air National Guard]] T-28A in 1957]]

After becoming adopted as a primary trainer by the USAF, the United States Navy and Marine Corps adopted it as well. Although the Air Force phased out the aircraft from primary pilot training by the early 1960s, continuing use only for limited training of special operations aircrews and for primary training of select foreign military personnel, the aircraft continued to be used as a primary trainer by the Navy (and by default, the Marine Corps and Coast Guard) well into the early 1980s.

The largest single concentration of this aircraft was employed by the U.S. Navy at [[Naval Air Station Whiting Field]] in [[Milton, Florida]], in the training of student naval aviators. The T-28's service career in the U.S. military ended with the completion of the phase-in of the [[Beechcraft T-34 Mentor|T-34C]] turboprop trainer. The last U.S. Navy training squadron to fly the T-28 was [[VT-27]] "Boomers", based at [[Naval Air Station Corpus Christi]], Texas, flying the last T-28 training flight in early 1984. The last T-28 in the Training Command, [[United States military aircraft serials#United States Navy and Marine Corps|BuNo]] 137796, departed for Naval District Washington on 14 March 1984 to be displayed permanently at [[Naval Support Facility Anacostia]], D.C.<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/PART11.PDF "T-28."] ''history.navy.mil''. Retrieved: 9 July 2010.</ref>

===Vietnam War combat===
[[File:USAF T-28 VNAF colours 1962.jpg|thumb|[[RVNAF]] T-28Cs over Vietnam]]

In 1963, a [[Royal Lao Air Force]] T-28 piloted by Lieutenant Chert Saibory, a Thai national, defected to [[North Vietnam]].  Saibory was immediately imprisoned and his aircraft was impounded.  Within six months the T-28 was refurbished and commissioned into the [[Vietnam People's Air Force|North Vietnamese Air Force]] as its first fighter aircraft.<ref>Toperczer 2001, pp. 8–9.</ref> Lt. Saibory later trained NVAF pilot Nguyen Van Ba in the operation of the T-28, where Nguyen flew the T-28 in its first successful interception against an SVNAF [[Fairchild C-123 Provider|C-123 Provider]] on 15 February, 1964, earning the NVAF its first-ever aerial victory.<ref>Toperczer 2015, pp. 18–19.</ref>

T-28s were supplied to the [[Republic of Vietnam Air Force]] (RVNAF) in support of [[ARVN]] ground operations, seeing extensive service during the [[Vietnam War]] in RVNAF hands, as well as the [[Laotian Civil War|Secret War]] in [[Laos]]. A T-28 Trojan was the first US fixed wing attack aircraft (non-transport type) lost in South Vietnam, during the Vietnam War. Capt. Robert L. Simpson, USAF, Detachment 2A, [[1st Special Operations Wing|1st Air Commando Group]], and Lt. Hoa, RVNAF, were shot down by ground fire on August 28, 1962 while flying close air support. Neither crewman survived. The USAF lost 23 T-28s to all causes during the war, with the last two losses occurring in 1968.<ref>Hobson 2001, p. 12.</ref>

===Other combat uses===
T-28s were used by the [[CIA]] in the former [[Belgian Congo]] during the 1960s.<ref>Holm, Richard L. [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art2.html "A Plane Crash, Rescue, and Recovery - A Close Call in Africa".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524141902/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art2.html |date=24 May 2011 }} ''Center for the Study of Intelligence, Historical Perspectives'', Washington, D.C., Winter 1999-2000.</ref>

The T-28B and D were the primary ground attack aircraft of [[Khmer Air Force]] in [[Cambodia]] during the war there, largely provided from the U.S. Military Equipment Delivery Team and maintained by [[Air America (airline)|Air America]].<ref>Leeker, Dr Joe F. [https://library.utdallas.edu/specialcollections/hac/cataam/Leeker/aircraft/kt28.pdf "Khmer Air Force T-28s(maintained under the supervision of Air America’s LMAT, Phnom Penh)"]</ref> On the night of 21 January 1971, PAVN sappers managed to get close enough to destroy the majority at Pochentong airbase. Replacements were quickly shipped in.  On 17 March 1973 a pilot of a T-28, said to be Capt. So Petra, a common-law husband of one of the daughters of the overthrown Prince [[Norodom Sihanouk]], machine gunned and bombed the palace of [[Lon Nol]] in an attempt to assassinate him, killing at least 20 and wounding 35, before defecting to Khmer Rouge held lands.<ref>New York Times. [https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/18/archives/20-die-in-bombing-aimed-at-lon-nol-cambodian-leader-unhurt-as.html "20 DIE IN BOMBING AiMED AT LON NOL".]</ref>

France's [[Armée de l'Air]] used locally re-manufactured Trojans, ''T-28S Fennec'', for close support missions in [[Algeria]].<ref name="T-28 FENNEC History"/>

Nicaragua replaced its fleet of 30+ ex-Swedish P-51s with T-28s in the early 1960s,<ref>Hagedorn 1993, p. 41</ref> with more aircraft acquired in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>Hagedorn 1993, pp. 42–43</ref>

The [[Philippines]] utilized T-28s (colloquially known as "Tora-toras") during the [[1989 Philippine coup attempt]]. The aircraft were often deployed as [[dive bombers]] by rebel forces.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

===Civilian use===
[[AeroVironment]] modified and armored a T-28A to fly [[weather research]] for [[South Dakota School of Mines & Technology]], funded by the [[National Science Foundation]], and operated in this capacity from 1969 to 2005.<ref name=weath>Godfrey, Joe. [http://www.avweb.com/news/profiles/184369-1.html "Charlie Summers"] ''AVweb'', 16 April 2003. Retrieved: 22 July 2012.</ref><ref name=nsf>[http://www.ias.sdsmt.edu/institute/t28/index.htm "T-28 Instrumented Research Aircraft"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101162641/http://www.ias.sdsmt.edu/institute/t28/index.htm |date=1 January 2012 }} ''[[South Dakota School of Mines & Technology]]''. Retrieved: 22 July 2012.</ref> SDSM&T was planning to replace it with another modified, but more modern, former military aircraft, specifically a [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Next-generation Storm-penetrating Aircraft |publisher= South Dakota School of Mines and Technology |url= http://www.ias.sdsmt.edu/institute/t28/Next-Generation_files/Next-Generation.pdf |access-date= 14 December 2013 |archive-date= 12 November 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131112025601/http://www.ias.sdsmt.edu/institute/t28/Next-Generation_files/Next-Generation.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> This plan was found to carry too many risks associated with the costly modifications required and the program was cancelled in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/24047/the-storm-chasing-a-10-thunderhog-program-is-officially-dead-jet-to-be-returned-to-usaf|title=The Storm Chasing A-10 Thunderhog Program Is Officially Dead, Jet To Be Returned To USAF|last=Rogoway|first=Tyler|work=The Drive|access-date=2018-10-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Aerobatics and warbird display===
Many retired T-28s were subsequently sold to private civil operators, and due to their reasonable operating costs are often found flying or displayed as [[warbird]]s today.

==Variants==
[[File:T-28B US Navy in flight c1954.jpeg|thumb|An early-production U.S. Navy T-28B in 1954]]
[[File:T-28C after landing on USS Tarawa (CVA-40) 1955.jpeg|thumb|A tailhook-equipped T-28C after trapping aboard {{USS |Tarawa|CVA-40}}, in 1955]]
[[File:North American T-28D Trojan.jpg|thumb|T-28D at ''Degerfeld'' <ref>See German Wikipedia [[:de:Flugplatz Albstadt-Degerfeld|Flugplatz Albstadt-Degerfeld]]</ref> [[Aerodrome|airfield]] (2017)]]
[[File:YAT-28E NAN9-64.jpg|thumb|A turboprop-powered YAT-28E in 1964]]

;XT-28
:Prototype; two built.

;T-28A
:[[U.S. Air Force]] version with an {{convert|800|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Wright R-1300]]-1 radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller; 1,194 built.<ref name="ginp6">Ginter 1981, p. 6</ref><ref name="abmw13p147">Darke 2013, p. 147</ref>

;T-28B
:[[U.S. Navy]] land-based trainer version with {{convert|1425|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Wright R-1820]]-86 radial engine driving a three-bladed propeller and fitted with a belly-mounted [[Air brake (aeronautics)|speed brake]]; 489 built from new and 17 converted from T-28.<ref name="ginp27">Ginter 1981, p. 27</ref><ref name="abmw13p147"/>

;T-28C
:U.S. Navy version, a T-28B with shortened propeller blades and [[tailhook]] for carrier-landing training; 299 built.<ref name="abmw13p147"/><ref name="ginp53">Ginter 1981, p. 53</ref>

;T-28D ''Nomad''
:T-28Bs converted for the USAF in 1962 for the [[counter-insurgency]], [[reconnaissance]], [[search and rescue]], and [[forward air controller]] roles in [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]. Fitted with two underwing hardpoints. The later '''T-28D-5''' had ammo pans inside the wings that could be hooked up to hardpoint-mounted gun pods for a better center of gravity and aerodynamics; 321 converted by Pacific Airmotive (Pac-Aero).
::T-28 Nomad Mark I - [[Wright R-1820|Wright R-1820-56S]] engine (1,300 hp).<ref name="IEA" /><ref>Sweeney, Richard L. "New Role for Nomad."''Flying Magazine,'' December 1961.</ref>
::T-28 Nomad Mark II - Wright R-1820-76A (1,425 [[Horsepower|hp]])
::T-28 Nomad Mark III - Wright R-1820-80 (1,535 [[Horsepower|hp]])<ref name="courtesyaircraft.com">Concannon, Milt. [http://www.courtesyaircraft.com/Current%20Inventory/The%20Last%20Nomad%20Article.htm "The Lost (and last) Nomad."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101053659/http://www.courtesyaircraft.com/Current%20Inventory/The%20Last%20Nomad%20Article.htm |date=2014-01-01 }} ''courtesyaircraft.com.'' Retrieved: December 31, 2013.</ref>

;Fairchild AT-28D
:[[Attack aircraft|Attack]] model of the T-28D used for [[Close air support|Close Air Support]] (CAS) missions by the USAF and allied Air Forces in Southeast Asia, which were nicknamed "Tangos" by their pilots.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.texasdwilaw.com/earning-honorary-naval-aviator-wings-visit-uss-harry-s-truman-cvn-75/ |title=The Poor Man's P-51: The T-28 Trojan |last=Trichter |first=J. Gary |date=12 August 2016 |access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref> It was fitted with six underwing hardpoints and the rocket-powered Stanley Yankee [[ejection seat]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejectionsite.com/yankee.htm|title=The Ejection Site: Stanley YANKEE Extraction System|website=www.ejectionsite.com}}</ref> 72 converted by [[Fairchild Hiller]].

;YAT-28E
:Experimental development of the [[counter-insurgency]] T-28D. It was powered by a 2,445&nbsp;hp (1,823 kW) [[Lycoming T55|Lycoming YT-55L-9]] [[turboprop]], and armed with two .50 in machine guns and up to 6,000&nbsp;lb (2,730 kg) of weapons on 12 underwing hardpoints. Three prototypes were converted from T-28As by North American, with the first model flying on 15 February 1963. The project was canceled in 1965.<ref name="AE99 p58-9">Tate ''Air Enthusiast'' May/June 1999, pp. 58–59.</ref>

;T-28S Fennec
:Ex-USAF T-28As converted in 1959 for use by the French [[Armée de l'Air]], replacing the [[Morane-Saulnier Alcyon|Morane-Saulnier MS.733A]]. It was flown by their ''[[Escadrille d'Aviation Légère d'Appui|Escadrilles d'Aviation Légère d'Appui]]'' (EALA; "Light Aviation Support Squadrons") in the [[counterinsurgency]] role in [[Algerian War|North Africa]] from 1959 to 1962. Fitted with an electrically powered sliding canopy, side-armor, a 1,200 [[Horsepower|hp]] [[Wright R-1820]]-97 supercharged radial engine (the model used in the B-17 bomber),<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/art2/dashvii/page4.htm "Warbirds of New Smyrna."] ''angelfire.com'', p. 44. Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref> and four underwing hardpoints.<ref name="aerostories.free.fr">Renaud, Patrick-Charles.[http://aerostories.free.fr/events/algerie/algerie05/index.html "Aerostories (Algérie (1954-1962): T-28 Fennec: des ailes pour un renard."] ''aerostories,'' 2002. Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref> It is referred to as the "S" variant because its engine had a [[supercharger]] on it; it has also been referred to as the '''T-28F''' variant&nbsp;– with the "F" standing for [[France]].{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

:For fire support missions it usually carried two double-mount .50-caliber machine gun pods (with 100 rounds per gun) and two MATRA ''Type 122'' 6 x 68mm rocket pods.<ref name="aerostories.free.fr"/> It could also carry on paired hardpoints a 120 kg.[264 lb.] [[High Explosive|HE]] or [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|GP]] "iron" bomb, a [[MATRA]] ''Type 361'' 36 x 37mm [1.45-inch] rocket pod, a [[SNEB]] 7 x 55mm [2.16-inch] rocket pod, or a MATRA ''Type 13'' single-rail, MATRA ''Type 20'' or ''Type 21'' [[wikt:double|double]]-rail, MATRA ''Type 41'' [[wikt:quadruple|quadruple]]-rail (2 x 2), or MATRA ''Type 61'' or ''Type 63'' [[wikt:sextuple|sextuple]]-rail (3 x 3) SERAM T10 heavy rocket launchers.<ref name="aerostories.free.fr"/> Improvised napalm bombs (called ''bidons spéciaux'', or "special cans") were created by dropping gas tanks loaded with octagel-thickened fuel inside, then later igniting or detonating the spilled fuel with [[white phosphorus]] rockets.<ref name="aerostories.free.fr"/>
:Total 148 airframes bought from Pacific Airmotive (Pac Aero) and modified by [[Sud-Aviation]] in France. After the war the French government offered them for sale from 1964 to 1967.<ref name="T-28 FENNEC History">Ganivet, Jean-Luc. [http://fennec.pfiquet.be/history.htm "T-28 Fennec History."] ''fennec.pfiquet.'' Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref> They sold most of them to Morocco and Argentina.<ref name="T-28 FENNEC History"/> {{cnspan|The Fuerza Aérea de Nicaragua (FAN) purchased four of these ex-Morocco aircraft during 1979.|date=March 2018}} Argentina later sold some to Uruguay and Honduras.<ref name="T-28 FENNEC History"/>

;T-28P
:T-28S ''Fennec'' aircraft sold to the [[Argentinian Navy]] as carrier-borne attack aircraft. They were given shortened propeller blades and a tailhook to allow carrier landings.<ref>[http://www.amilarg.com.ar/north-american-t-28.html North American T-28 Trojan/Fennec in Argentina]</ref>

;T-28R Nomair
:An attempt by [[Hamilton Aircraft Company]] of [[Tucson, Arizona]] to make a civilianized ''Nomad III''-equivalent out of refurbished ex-USAF T-28As. It had a Wright Cyclone R-1820-80 engine to make it fast and powerful, but had to lengthen the wingspan by seven feet to reduce the [[Stall (flight)#Stall speed|stall speed]] to below a "street-legal" 70 [[Knot (unit)|knots]].<ref name="courtesyaircraft.com"/><ref name="1000aircraftphotos.com">[http://www.1000aircraftphotos.com/GeneralAv/1040.htm "Hamilton T-28-R2 Nomair (N9106Z)".] ''Ron Dupas Collection'', No. 1040, August 1970. Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref> The prototype flew for the first time in September, 1960, and the FAA Type Certificate was received on 15 February 1962.<ref name="1000aircraftphotos.com"/> At the time, the T-28-R2 was the fastest single-engined standard category aircraft available in the United States. It had been flown to a height of 38,700&nbsp;ft. [11,800 m].

;T-28R-1 ''Nomair I''
:A military trainer that had a [[tandem]] cockpit, dual instrumentation and flying controls, and hydraulically-actuated rearward-sliding canopy.<ref name="courtesyaircraft.com"/><ref name="Flying Magazine 1962, p. 3">''Flying Magazine,'' April 1962, p. 3.</ref> Six were sold in 1962 as carrier-landing trainers to the Brazilian Navy and were modified with a carrier arrestor hook. They were later transferred to the Brazilian Air Force.<ref name="1000aircraftphotos.com"/>

;T-28R-2 ''Nomair II''
:Modified to have a cramped five-seater cabin (one pilot and two rows of two passengers) that opened from the [[Port and starboard|port side]].<ref name="courtesyaircraft.com"/><ref name="Flying Magazine 1962, p. 3"/> Ten aircraft were modified in all; one was sold to a high-altitude photographic company.<ref name="1000aircraftphotos.com"/>

;RT-28
:Photo reconnaissance conversion for counter-insurgency use with [[Royal Lao Air Force]]. Number of conversions unknown.<ref>Troung, Albert Grandolini and Tom Cooper. [http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_347.shtml "Laos, 1948-1989; Part 1."] ''Indochina Database'', 13 November 2003. Retrieved: 17 April 2012.</ref><ref>Troung, Albert Grandolini and Tom Cooper. [http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_348.shtml "Laos, 1948-1989; Part 2."] ''Indochina Database'', 13 November 2003. Retrieved: 17 April 2012.</ref>

;AIDC T-CH-1
:A derivative of the T-28 developed by [[Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation|AIDC]] in [[Taiwan]], the [[AIDC T-CH-1]] was powered by a 1,082 kW (1,451 hp) [[Avco Lycoming T53|Avco Lycoming T53-L-701]] [[turboprop]] engine. Fifty aircraft were produced for the  [[Republic of China Air Force|Taiwanese Air Force]] between March 1976 and 1981. The type has since been retired.

==Operators==
[[File:T-28Ds operating in Laos 1964-73.jpg|thumb|T-28Ds used in [[Operation Barrel Roll]] in [[Laos]] ]]
[[File:NA T28 Fennec.jpg|thumb|A former French T-28 ''Fennec'']]
[[File:7625 TA-625 a T-28A Trojan, RoKAF (3225455742).jpg|thumb|T-28A Trojan, RoKAF]]
[[File:Airforce2-saudi-engineering-kau.jpg|thumb|Derelict [[Royal Saudi Air Force]] T-28A Trojan at [[King Abdulaziz University]], [[Jeddah]], one of four acquired in the 1950s]]
[[File:F-4D with T-28 at Ubon RTAFB 1972.jpg|thumb|Royal Thai Air Force North American T-28D Trojan is waiting for takeoff.]]
[[File:North American T-28S Fennec.jpg|thumb|Uruguay Naval Aviation North American T-28S ''Fennec'']]
[[File:JASDF T-28B(63-0581) at Hamamatsu Air Base Publication Center 20141124-01.JPG|thumb|[[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]] T-28B]]

;{{ARG}}
*[[Argentine Air Force]] - 34 T-28A<ref name="ArgAF">Ay, Carlos. [http://www.aeromilitaria.com.ar/faa/flota/english.htm "The Illustrated Catalogue to Argentine Air Force Aircraft."] ''Aeromilitaria'', 15 August 2013. Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref><ref name="Taylor1973">Taylor and Munson 1973, p. 179.</ref>
*[[Argentine Naval Aviation]].<ref name="Taylor1973" /> 65 ex-[[French Air Force]] T-28S ''Fennec'' aircraft.<ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /> Last nine transferred to Uruguayan naval aviation in 1980.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}
;{{BOL}}
*[[Bolivian Air Force]] at least six T-28Ds.<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi">Krivinyi 1977, p. 178.</ref><ref name="Militair28" />
;{{BRA}}
*[[Brazilian Navy]] - 18 T-28C<ref name="Taylor1973" />
;{{Flagicon|Democratic Republic of Congo|1963}} [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] - 14 T-28C, 3 T-28B, 10 T-28D<ref>Air-Britain Aeromilitaria, March 2015</ref>
;{{CUB}}
*[[Cuban Air Force]] - 10 T-28As were ordered by the Batista regime but were never delivered owing to an arms embargo,<ref name="Cuba">Wieland, William A. [http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cable/cable-8-29-58.htm "Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Middle American Affairs."] ''latinamericanstudies.org'', August 1958. Retrieved: 21 February 2010.</ref><ref>Hagedorn 1993, pp. 22, 27</ref> although at least one T-28 seems to have been acquired at some stage which was put on display at a museum at [[Playa Girón]]<ref>Hagedorn 1993, p. 27</ref><ref name="Airliners.netCuba">Valero, Jose Ramon. [http://www.airliners.net/photo/440841/L/ "Picture of the North American T-28 Trojan aircraft."] ''airliners.net'', October 2003. Retrieved: 21 February 2010.</ref>
;{{DOM}}
*[[Dominican Air Force]]<ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair56" />
;{{ECU}}
*[[Ecuadorian Air Force]] - nine T-28A<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Militair58" />
;{{ETH}}
*[[Ethiopian Air Force]] - 12 T-28A and 12 T-28D<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair62" />
;{{FRA}}
*[[French Air Force]] - 148 T-28A airframes modified in France (1959) to make the T-28S ''Fennec'' COIN model.<ref name="Fitzsimons" />
;{{HAI}}
*[[Haiti Air Corps|Haitian Air Force]] - 12 ex-French Air Force<ref name="Taylor1973" />
;{{HON}}
*[[Honduran Air Force]] - eight former Moroccan Air Force ''Fennec''s. One delivered, seven others impounded at Fort Lauderdale<ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair97" />
;{{JPN}}
*[[Japanese Air Self-Defense Force]] - one T-28B<ref name="Green1956">Green 1956, p. 238.</ref><ref>Thompson, Paul [http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/jasdf-where-are-they-now North American T-28D Trojan] ''J-HangarSpace'' Retrieved August 18, 2017</ref>
;{{flag|Khmer Republic}}
*[[Khmer Air Force]] operated 47 T-28s in total in service.<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons">Fitzsimons 1988, p. 137.</ref>
;{{flag|Laos|1952}}
*[[Royal Lao Air Force]] - 55 T-28D<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair146" />
;{{MEX}}
*[[Mexican Air Force]] - 32 T-28A<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair156" />
;{{MAR}}
*[[Royal Moroccan Air Force]] - 25 ''Fennec'' aircraft <ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair97" />
;{{NIC}}
*[[Nicaraguan Air Force]] - six T-28D<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" />
;{{Flag|Philippines|1936}}
*[[Philippine Air Force]] - 12 T-28A<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair181" />
;{{KOR}}
*[[Republic of Korea Air Force]]<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair143" />
;{{SAU}}
*[[Royal Saudi Air Force]]<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|2017|page=14}}</ref>
;{{flag|South Vietnam}}
*[[Republic of Vietnam Air Force]]<ref name="Fitzsimons" />
;{{TUN}}
*[[Tunisian Air Force]] - Fennec<ref name="Taylor1973" />
;{{TWN}}
*[[ROC Air Force]]<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" />
;{{THA}}
*[[Royal Thai Air Force]] - 88 T-28Ds delivered.<ref name="Taylor1973" /><ref name="Krivinyi" /><ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair223" /> Retired 1984.<ref>Pocock 1986, p. 115.</ref>
;{{USA}}
*[[United States Army]]<ref>"Talking Paper for Chief of Staff, U.S. Army: Guidance for T-28 Aircraft Operations." ''U.S. Army,'' 9 March 1964.</ref>
*[[United States Air Force]] - 1194 T-28A, of which 360 converted to "D"<ref name="Taylor1973" />
*[[United States Navy]] - 489 T-28B and 299 T-28C<ref name="Taylor1973" />
;{{URU}}
*[[Uruguayan Naval Aviation]] - ''Fennec'' <ref name="Fitzsimons" /><ref name="Militair336" />
;{{VIE}}
*[[Vietnam People's Air Force]]<ref>''Secrets of US Air Operations in North Vietnam'' (''Bí mật các chiến dịch không kích của Mỹ vào Bắc Việt Nam'' {{in lang|vi}}). Hanoi: People's Police Publisher, p. 513.</ref>
;{{ZAI}}
*[[Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Zaire Air Force]]<ref>Ginter 1981, p.&nbsp;22.</ref>

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:North American T-28A Trojan USAF.jpg|thumb|A T-28A of the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force|USAF Museum]] ]]
[[File:T28Trojan HBRCT.jpg|thumb|T-28B BuNo 138266 in 2008]]
[[File:YAT-28E.jpg|thumb|YAT-28E 0-13786]]

Many T-28s are on display throughout the world. In addition, a considerable number of flyable examples exist in private ownership, as the aircraft is a popular sport plane and [[warbird]].

===Argentina===
;On display
;;T-28A
* S/N 174112 (ex USAF 51-3574), formerly operated by the [[Argentine Air Force]] as E-608. Preserved at the [[Museo Regional Inter Fuerzas]], Estancia Santa Romana, San Luis.<ref>[http://amilarg.com.ar/t-28.html Aviacion Militar Argentina (Amilarg)- North American T-28A/F/P Trojan/Fennec (retrieved 2014-11-23)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129144200/http://amilarg.com.ar/t-28.html |date=2014-11-29 }}</ref>
* C/N° 174333 (ex-USAF 51-3795), formerly operated by the [[Argentine Naval Aviation]]. Preserved at the [[Argentine Naval Aviation Museum]].<ref>[http://www.museoaeronaval.ara.mil.ar/ Museo de la Aviacion Naval - ARA 25 de MAYO - T-28 Fennec (retrieved 2014-08-19)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004025352/http://www.museoaeronaval.ara.mil.ar/ |date=2008-10-04 }}</ref>

===Australia===
;On display
;;T-28A
*49-1583 - Australian Aviation Museum, Bankstown Airport, [[New South Wales, Australia]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491583.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1583."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>

T-28 TROJAN 50-221 "LITTL JUGGS". Toowoomba Australia

https://www.gluseum.com/AU/Toowoomba/287406544649061/T-28-Trojan-50-221-%22Littl-Juggs%22

T 28B Bu 140016, Located at Jandakot Airport in Western Australia. Owned by AOG Services and registered as VH-KAN. Imported from the USA in 2014 and formerly N46984.


===Philippines===
;;T-28A
*109 - Philippine Air Force Museum. Colonel Jesus Villamor Air Base	Pasay, Metro Manila<ref>https://www.skippyscage.com/aviation/ph/philippine-air-force-museum-manila/index.php</ref>
*7760 -Basilio Fernando Air Base. Lipa, Batangas<ref>https://mondortiz.com/the-t-28-trojan-is-not-the-tora-tora-plane/</ref>
*612 - Villa Escudero Plantations and Resort. Tiaong, Quezon <ref>https://www.jetphotos.com/photo/9045134</ref>
;;AT-28D
*137701 - Major Danilo Atienza Air Base, Cavite City, Cavite, Philippines.
*114645 - Clark Air Base, Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines<ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/aeroprints/7838745960</ref><ref>https://www.jetphotos.com/aircraft/manufacturer/North%20American/serial/114</ref>
*100310 - Edwin Andrews Air Base, Zamboanga City, Philippines.


===Taiwan===
;On display
;;T-28A
*51-3664 - Chung Cheng Aviation Museum, Taipai Airport, [[Taiwan]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-513664.html "T-28 Trojan/51-3664."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>

===Thailand===
[[File:T-28 at the Udon Royal Thai Air Force Base.jpg|thumb|T-28 at the Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base]]
;On display
;;T-28A
*49-1538 - Prachuap Khiri Khan AFB in [[Bangkok, Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491538.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1538."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1601 - [[Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base]], [[Bangkok, Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491601.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1601."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1687 - [[Loei Airport]], [[Loei Province]], [[Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491687.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1687."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*51-3480 - [[Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base]], [[Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-513480.html "T-28 Trojan/51-3480."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*51-3578 - Chiang Mai AFB, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-513578.html "T-28 Trojan/51-3578."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*51-3740 - [[Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base]], Bangkok, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-513740.html "T-28 Trojan/51-3740."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*153652 - National Memorial, Bangkok, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-153652.html "T-28 Trojan/153652"] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
;;T-28B
*137661 - [[Royal Thai Air Force Museum]], Bangkok, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-137661.html "T-28 Trojan/137661."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138157 - Royal Thai Air Force Museum, Bangkok, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138157.html "T-28 Trojan/138157."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138284 - Royal Thai Air Force Museum, Bangkok, Thailand.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138284.html "T-28 Trojan/138284."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138302 - Lopburi AFB, [[Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138302.html "T-28 Trojan/138302."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>

===United Kingdom===
;On display
;;T-28C
*146289 - Norfolk & Suffolk Aviation Museum, [[Flixton, The Saints]], [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-146289.html "T-28 Trojan/146289."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>

===United States===
;On display
;;T-28A
*49-1494 - [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]]. The aircraft is painted as a typical [[Air Training Command]] T-28A of the mid-1950s. It was transferred to the museum in September 1965. It is on display in the museum's Cold War Gallery.<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491494.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1494."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1663 - [[Hurlburt Field]], [[Florida]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491663.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1663."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1679 - [[Reese AFB]], [[Texas]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491679.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1679."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1682 - [[Laughlin AFB]], [[Texas]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491682.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1682."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1689 - [[Vance AFB]], [[Oklahoma]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491689.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1689."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*49-1695 - [[Randolph AFB]], [[Texas]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-491695.html "T-28 Trojan/49-1695."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*50-0300 - [[Dakota Territory Air Museum]], [[Minot, North Dakota]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-500300.html "T-28 Trojan/50-0300."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*51-3612 - [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]], [[Robins Air Force Base]], [[Warner Robins, Georgia]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-513612.html "T-28 Trojan/51-3612."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*51-7500 - [[Olympic Flight Museum]], [[Olympia, Washington]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-517500.html "T-28 Trojan/51-7500."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
;;T-28B
[[File:North American T-28B Trojan Cavanaugh Flight Museum-2007-06-30.jpg|thumb|T-28B at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]]]]
*137702 - [[Air Force Flight Test Center Museum]], [[Edwards AFB]], [[California]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-137702.html "T-28 Trojan/137702."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*137749 - [[Hill Aerospace Museum]], [[Hill Air Force Base]], [[Utah]]
*137796 - [[Naval Support Facility Anacostia|Naval Air Station Anacostia]], [[Washington, DC]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-137796.html "T-28 Trojan/137796."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138144 - [[Naval Air Station Whiting Field]], [[Florida]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138144.html "T-28 Trojan/138144."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138164 - Actively flying and performing in airshows with the Trojan Phlyers in Dallas, TX.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://thetrojanphlyers.com/our-t-28s/|title=Trojan Phlyer's T28s}}</ref>
*138192 - Aviation Heritage Center of Wisconsin, [[Sheboygan County Memorial Airport|Sheboygan Memorial Airport]], [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan, WI]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/navy_serials/thirdseries16.html|title=US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos--Third Series (135774 to 140052)|website=www.joebaugher.com|access-date=2017-05-15}}</ref>
*138247 - War Eagles Air Museum in [[Santa Teresa, New Mexico]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138247.html "T-28 Trojan/138247."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*138263 - Actively flying and based at KRLD [[Richland Airport (Washington)|Richland Airport]], [[Richland, WA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flightaware.com/resources/registration/N63NA|title = N63NA (1955 NORTH AMERICAN T-28B owned by URBAN SCOTT J) Aircraft Registration}}</ref>
*138311 - [[Air Heritage Aviation Museum]] in [[Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania]]<ref>[https://airheritage.org/aircraft/ "Aircraft"] Retrieved: 20 January 2023.</ref>
*138326 - [[National Naval Aviation Museum]], [[Naval Air Station Pensacola]], [[Florida]]<ref>[http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/explore/exhibits-and-collections/aircraft-on-display< "Aircraft on Display: T-28."]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Naval Aviation Museum''. Retrieved: 31 December 2013.</ref>
*138339 - Owned by Skydoc 1989–present (2019) [[Springfield, Illinois]] performing with the Trojan Horsemen 2003-2017, and Trojan Thunder 2017–present.<ref>[http://www.trojanhorsemen.com "T-28 Trojan/138339."] ''trojanhorsemen.com.'' Retrieved: 22 March 2013.</ref>
*138349 - [[USS Hornet Museum|USS Hornet Air and Space Museum Alameda, California]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://uss-hornet.org/visit-hornet/exhibits/aircraft | title=Aircraft on Display - USS Hornet Museum | date=9 December 2015 }}</ref>
*138353 - on a pole at [[Milton, Florida]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-138353.html "T-28 Trojan/138353."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*140047 - Actively flying and performing in airshows with the Trojan Phlyers in Dallas, TX.<ref name=":0"/>
*140048 - [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-140048.html "T-28 Trojan/140048."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
;;T-28C
*138245 - [[WarBird Museum of Virginia]] in [[Chesterfield, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warbirdmuseumva.org/|title=WarBird Museum of Virginia|website=warbirdmuseumva.org|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805192841/http://warbirdmuseumva.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*138311 - [[Air Heritage Museum]] in [[Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=North American T-28 Trojan – Air Heritage Inc. |url=https://airheritage.org/aircraft/north-american-t-28-trojan/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*140451 - [[Middleton Field]] in [[Evergreen, Conecuh County, Alabama|Evergreen, Alabama]]
*140454 - [[Battleship Cove]] in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-140454.html "T-28 Trojan/140454."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*140481 - [[Pima Air & Space Museum]] adjacent to [[Davis-Monthan AFB]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-140481.html "T-28 Trojan/140481."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*140557 - [[Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum]], [[Cape May Airport]], [[Rio Grande, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-140557.html "T-28 Trojan/140557."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
*140659 - [[Southern Museum of Flight]], [[Birmingham, Alabama]].<ref>[http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28-140659.html "T-28 Trojan/140659."] ''Warbird Registry.'' Retrieved: 11 June 2012.</ref>
;;YAT-28E
*0-13786 - Private collection, [[Port Hueneme, California]]. One of two surviving air-frames, currently in storage awaiting restoration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t28trojanfoundation.com/yat-28e.html|title=YAT-28E|website=Helen Murphy|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203163537/http://www.t28trojanfoundation.com/yat-28e.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Specifications (T-28D)==
{{multiple image
 |total_width = 500
 | image1 = North American T-28B Trojan 3-view line drawing.svg
 | alt1 = North American T-28B Trojan 3-view drawing
 | caption1 = North American T-28B Trojan 3-view drawing
 | image2 = North American T-28C Trojan 3-view line drawing.png
 | alt2 = North American T-28C Trojan 3-view drawing
 | caption2 = North American T-28C Trojan 3-view drawing
}}

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft<ref name="WMAp333">Donald and Lake 1996, p. 333</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|capacity=
|length m=
|length ft=33
|length in=0
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=40
|span in=1
|span note=
|height m=
|height ft=12
|height in=8
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=268.0
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=6.0:1
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=6424
|empty weight note=(equipped)
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=8500
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-1820]]-86 Cyclone
|eng1 type= 9-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=1425<!-- prop engines -->

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=

<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=343
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=1060
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=35500
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=3540
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->

|guns= 
|bombs= 
|rockets= 
|missiles= 
|hardpoints=6
|hardpoint capacity={{convert|1200|lb|kg|abbr=on}} total
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
*[[Lee Lue]]
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[AIDC T-CH-1]]
* [[North American XSN2J]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk]]
* [[North American T-6 Texan]]
* [[PZL TS-8 Bies]]
* [[Yak-11]]
|lists=
*[[List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Militair28">Andrade 1982, p. 28.</ref>
<ref name="Militair56">Andrade 1982, p. 56.</ref>
<ref name="Militair58">Andrade 1982, p. 58.</ref>
<ref name="Militair62">Andrade 1982, p. 62.</ref>
<ref name="Militair97">Andrade 1982, p. 97.</ref>
<ref name="Militair143">Andrade 1982, p. 143.</ref>
<ref name="Militair146">Andrade 1982, p. 146.</ref>
<ref name="Militair156">Andrade 1982, p. 156.</ref>
<ref name="Militair181">Andrade 1982, p. 181.</ref>
<ref name="Militair223">Andrade 1982, p. 223.</ref>
<ref name="Militair336">Andrade 1982, p. 336.</ref>
}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Andrade, John. ''Militair 1982''. London: Aviation Press Limited, 1982. {{ISBN|0-907898-01-7}}.
* Avery, Norm. ''North American Aircraft: 1934–1998, Volume 1''. Santa Ana, California: Narkiewicz-Thompson, 1998. {{ISBN|0-913322-05-9}}.
* Compton, Frank. "November 79 Zulu: the Story of the North American Nomad". [[Sport Aviation (magazine)|''Sport Aviation'']], June 1983.
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Darke |first=Stephen M. |title=The North American T-28D |magazine=Air-Britain Aeromilitaria |date=Winter 2013 |volume=39 |issue=156 |pages=147–155 |issn=0262-8791}}
* Donald, David and Lake, Jon. ''Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft''. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874023-95-6}}.
* Fitzsimons, Bernie. ''The Defenders: A Comprehensive Guide to Warplanes of the USA''. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1988. {{ISBN|0-8317-2181-2}}.
* {{cite book |last=Ginter |first= Steve |year=1981 |title=North American T-28 Trojan |edition= First |publisher= Ginter Books |series=Naval Fighters |volume=5  |isbn= 0-942612-05-1|location= California, United States  }}
* Green, William. ''Observers Aircraft, 1956''. London: Frederick Warne Publishing, 1956.
* {{cite book |last=Hagedorn |first=Daniel P. |title=Central American and Caribbean Air Forces |year=1993 |location=Tonbridge, Kent, UK |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |isbn=0-85130-210-6}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Hellström |first=Leif |title=T-28s in the Congo – Part 1: Stemming The Rebellion |magazine=Air-Britain Aeromilitaria |date=Autumn 2014 |volume=40 |issue=159 |pages=117–128 |issn=0262-8791}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Hellström |first=Leif |title=T-28s in the Congo – Part 2: Heyday of the Trojan |magazine=Air-Britain Aeromilitaria |date=Winter 2014 |volume=40 |issue=160 |pages=147–157 |issn=0262-8791}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Hellström |first=Leif |title=T-28s in the Congo – Part 3: The Twilight Years |magazine=Air-Britain Aeromilitaria |date=Spring 2015 |volume=41 |issue=161 |pages=4–17 |issn=0262-8791}}
* Hobson, Chris. ''Vietnam Air Losses, USAF/Navy/Marine, Fixed Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast 1961–1973''. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-85780-115-6}}.
* ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985)''. London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
* Krivinyi, Nikolaus. ''World Military Aviation''. New York: Arco Publishing Company, 1977. {{ISBN|0-668-04348-2}}.
* Pocock, Chris. "Thailand Hones its Air Forces". ''Air International'', Vol. 31, No. 3, September 1986. pp.&nbsp;113–121, 168. {{ISSN|0306-5634}}.
* Tate, Jess. "Ultimate Trojan: North American's YAT-28E Project". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 99, May/June 1999. pp.&nbsp;58–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
* Taylor, John J.H. and Kenneth Munson.''Jane's Pocket Book of Major Combat Aircraft''. New York: Collier Books, 1973. {{ISBN|0-7232-3697-6}}.
* Thompson, Kevin. ''North American Aircraft: 1934–1998 Volume 2''. Santa Ana, California: Narkiewicz-Thompson, 1999. {{ISBN|0-913322-06-7}}.
* Toperczer, Istvan. ''MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War.'' London: Osprey Publishing Limited, 2001. {{ISBN|1-84176-162-1}}.
* Toperczer, Istvan, ''MiG Aces of the Vietnam War'', Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2015; {{ISBN|978-0-7643-4895-2}}.
* ''United States Air Force Museum Guidebook''. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Adcock, Al. ''T-28 Trojan in Action''.  Squadron/Signal Publications Inc. 1989. {{ISBN|0-89747-211-X}}
* Cupido, Joe., "Veteran United: A T-28D Trojan Meets Up with a Former Pilot." ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 83, September/October 1999, pp.&nbsp;16–20 {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
* Genat, Robert. "Final Tour of Duty - North American's T-28 Trojans". North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0-933424-61-2}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Núñez Padin |first1=Jorge Felix |title=North American T-28 Fennec |year=2010 |editor-first=Jorge Felix |editor-last=Núñez Padin |publisher=Fuerzas Aeronavales |series=Serie Aeronaval |volume=28 |language=es |isbn=978-987-1682-02-7 |location=Bahía Blanca, Argentina }}

== External links ==
{{Commons|T-28 Trojan}}
* [http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196029/north-american-t-28b-trojan.aspx North American T-28B Trojan] – [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]]
* [http://www.warbirdalley.com/t28.htm Warbird Alley: T-28 page]
* [http://fennec.pfiquet.be T-28 FENNEC : History + 2006 inventory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721085247/http://fennec.pfiquet.be/ |date=21 July 2011 }}
* [http://www.warbirdregistry.org/t28registry/t28registry.html T-28 Trojan Registry: The histories of those aircraft that survived military service]
* [http://www.warbirdalley.com/t28.htm North American T-28 Trojan (Variants/Other Names: AT-28; ''Fennec'')]

{{North American Aviation aircraft}}
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
{{Thai trainer designations}}
{{Thai attack aircraft designations}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:North American Aviation aircraft|T-28]]
[[Category:1940s United States military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1949]]