Matthew the Apostle

{{short description|Christian evangelist and apostle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
|name = Matthew the Apostle
|death_date = 1st century AD
|feast_day= {{ubl|21 September (Western Christianity)|22 October (Coptic Orthodox)|16 November (Eastern Christianity)}}
|venerated_in = {{ubl|[[Catholic Church]]|[[Eastern Catholic Churches]]|[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]|[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]|[[Church of the East]]|[[Anglican Communion]]|[[Lutheranism]]}}
|image = File:Rubens apostel mattheus grt.jpg
|caption = ''Saint Matthew'' ({{c.|1611}}) by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]
|birth_place = [[Capernaum]],{{sfn|Easton|1897}} [[Galilee]], [[Roman Empire]]
|death_place = [[Aethiopia|Ethiopia]]
|titles = [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostle]], [[Four Evangelists|Evangelist]], and [[Christian martyr|Martyr]]
|canonized_date = [[Pre-congregation|Pre-Congregation]]
|attributes = [[Angel]]
|patronage=[[Accountant]]s; Salerno, Italy; bankers; Osorno, Chile; tax collectors; [[perfumer]]s; civil servants<ref name=stmatthewscathedral.org />
|major_works = [[Gospel of Matthew]]
}}

'''Matthew the Apostle''' ('''Saint Matthew'''){{Efn|{{lang-hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|מַתִּתְיָהוּ}}|Mattityahu}}, shortened to {{lang-hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|מַתִּי}}|Matti|label=none}} (whence {{lang-ar|مَتَّى|Mattā}}), meaning 'Gift of [[Tetragrammaton|YHWH]]'; {{lang-arc|{{Script/Strng|ܡܰܬ݁ܰܝ}}|Mattai}}; {{lang-grc-koi|Μαθθαῖος|Maththaîos}}, or {{lang-grc|Ματθαῖος|Matthaîos|label=none}}; {{lang-cop|ⲙⲁⲧⲑⲉⲟⲥ|Mattheos}}; {{lang-la|Matthaeus}}}} is named in the [[New Testament]] as one of the [[Twelve Apostles|twelve apostles of Jesus]]. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the [[four Evangelists]] as author of the [[Gospel of Matthew]], and thus is also known as '''Matthew the Evangelist'''.

The claim of his gospel authorship is rejected by most biblical scholars, though the "traditional authorship still has its defenders."{{sfn|Allison|2010|p=27}} The New Testament records that as a [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]], he followed Jesus. [[Church Fathers]], such as [[Irenaeus]] and [[Clement of Alexandria]], claim that Matthew preached the gospel to the Jewish community in [[Judea]] before going to other countries.

==In the New Testament==
[[File:Bodleian Library MS. Arm. d.13. Armenian Gospels-0039-0.jpg|thumb|upright|Matthew in a painted miniature from a volume of Armenian Gospels dated 1609, held by the [[Bodleian Library]]]]
Matthew is mentioned in Matthew 9:9<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|9:9|NIV}}</ref> and Matthew 10:3<ref>{{bibleref|Matthew|10:3|NIV}}</ref> as a [[Tax collector#Tax collectors in the Bible|tax collector]] (in the [[NIV]]) who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in [[Capernaum]], was called to follow Jesus.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|9:9}},{{bibleverse|Mark|2:15–17}}, {{bibleverse|Luke|5:29}}</ref> He is also listed among the [[Twelve Disciples]], but without identification of his background, in Mark 3:18, Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:18}}, {{bibleverse|Luke|6:15}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|1:13}}.</ref> In passages parallel to Matthew 9:9, both Mark 2:14<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|2:14}}</ref> and Luke 5:27<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|5:27}}</ref> describe Jesus's calling of the tax collector Levi, the son of Alphaeus. However, they do not explicitly associate it with the name Matthew.

==Ministry==
The New Testament records that as a [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciple]], Matthew followed Jesus. Afterward, the disciples withdrew to an upper room (Acts 1:10–14){{sfn|Freedman|2001|p=130–133, 201}} (traditionally the [[Cenacle]]) in [[Early centers of Christianity#Jerusalem|Jerusalem]].{{sfn|Jacquier|1911}} The disciples remained in and about Jerusalem and proclaimed that Jesus was [[Jewish Messiah|the promised Messiah]].

In the [[Babylonian Talmud]] (Sanhedrin 43a), "Mattai" is one of five disciples of "[[Jeshu]]".{{sfn|Schneemelcher|2003|p=17}}

Early Church Fathers such as [[Irenaeus]] (''Against Heresies'' 3.1.1) and [[Clement of Alexandria]] say that Matthew preached the gospel to the Jewish community in Judea, before going to other countries. Ancient writers are not in agreement as to which other countries these are, but almost all sources mention [[Ethiopia]].{{sfn|Jacquier|1911}} The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church each hold the tradition that Matthew died as a [[martyr]] and the Babylonian Talmud appears to report his execution in Sanhedrin 43a.{{sfn|Lardner|1838|p=299}}{{sfn|Bock|2002|p=164}}

According to Church tradition, while preaching in [[Ethiopia]], Matthew converted, and then [[Consecrated life|consecrated to God]], [[Ephigenia of Ethiopia]], the virgin daughter of King Egippus.<ref>''The Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine'', translated and adapted by Ryan, Granger and Helmut Ripperger. (Arno Press: Longmans, Green & Co) 1941. pp. 561–566.</ref> When King Hirtacus succeeded Egippus, he asked the apostle if he could persuade Ephigenia to marry him. Matthew thus invited King Hirtacus to [[Christian liturgy|liturgy]] the following Sunday, where he rebuked him for lusting after the girl, as she was a nun and therefore was the bride of Christ. The enraged King thus ordered his bodyguard to kill Matthew who stood at the altar, making him a [[martyr]].<ref name=ROCOR2004>The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). ''St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004.'' St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p.&nbsp;70.</ref>

==The Gospel of Matthew==
{{main|Gospel of Matthew}}
{{see also|Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew}}
[[File:Rembrandt - Evangelist Matthew and the Angel - WGA19119.jpg|thumb|upright|''Saint Matthew and the Angel'' (1661) by [[Rembrandt]]]]

Early Church tradition holds that the [[Gospel of Matthew]] was written by the apostle Matthew. This tradition is first attested, among the extant writings of the first and second centuries, with the early Christian bishop [[Papias of Hierapolis]] ({{c.|AD 60–163}}),{{sfn|Martin|2012}} who is cited by the Church historian [[Eusebius]] (AD 260–340), as follows: "Matthew collected the oracles [in Greek, {{transliteration|grc|[[logia]]}}: sayings of or about Jesus] in the Hebrew language [{{transliteration|grc|Hebraïdi dialektōi}}], and each one interpreted [{{transliteration|grc|hērmēneusen}} – perhaps 'translated'] them as best he could."{{sfn|Turner|2008|p=15–16}}{{efn|name=Eusebius}}{{sfn|Bingham|1998|p=64}} Likewise, early Christian theologian [[Origen]] ({{c.|184}}–{{c.|253}}) indicates that the first gospel was written by Matthew,{{sfn|Edwards|2009|p=18}}{{sfn|Repschinski|2000|p=14}} and that his gospel was composed in Hebrew near Jerusalem for Hebrew Christians and translated into Greek. The Hebrew original was kept at the [[Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima|Library of Caesarea]]. Sometime in the late fourth or early fifth century the Nazarene Community transcribed a copy for [[Jerome]],{{sfn|Nicholson|1879|p=82}} which he used in his work.{{sfn|Saint Jerome|2000|p=10}} This Gospel was called the Gospel according to the Hebrews{{sfn|Hultgren|Haggmark|1996|p=122}} or sometimes the Gospel of the Apostles{{sfn|Nicholson|1879|p=26}}{{sfn|Dods|1858|p=iv}} and it was once believed that it was the original to the 'Greek Matthew' found in the Bible.{{sfn|Harrison|1964|p=152}} However, this has been challenged by modern biblical scholars such as [[Bart D. Ehrman]] and [[James R. Edwards]].{{sfn|Edwards|2009|p=245}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|p=43}}{{efn|See also the [[two-source hypothesis]].}}{{sfn|Mills|Wilson|2003|p=942}}{{sfn|Epiphanius of Salamis|1987|p=129}}
[[File:The Apostle Matthew.jpg|thumb|The Evangelist Matthew, [[Byzantium]], XIV century. Location: [[Greece]], [[Mount Athos|Athos]], [[Hilandar monastery]]]]
Most modern scholars hold that the Gospel of Matthew was written anonymously, and not by Matthew.{{sfn|Muddiman|Barton|2010|p=27}}{{sfn|Allison|2010|p=27}} The author is not named within the text, and scholars have proposed that the superscription "according to Matthew" was added sometime in the second century.{{sfn|Harrington|1991|p=8}}{{sfn|Nolland|2005|p=16}}

==Non-canonical or apocryphal gospels==
[[File:Matthaeus San Giovanni in Laterano 2006-09-07.jpg|thumb|upright|''Saint Matthew'' (1713–1715) by [[Camillo Rusconi]], [[Archbasilica of St. John Lateran]] in Rome]]

In the 3rd century, [[Jewish–Christian gospels]] attributed to Matthew were used by Jewish–Christian groups such as the [[Nazarene (sect)|Nazarene]]s and [[Ebionites]]. Fragments of these gospels survive in quotations by [[Jerome]], [[Epiphanius of Salamis|Epiphanius]] and others. Most academic study follows the distinction of [[Gospel of the Nazarenes]] (36 fragments), [[Gospel of the Ebionites]] (7 fragments), and [[Gospel of the Hebrews]] (7 fragments) found in [[Schneemelcher]]'s [[New Testament Apocrypha]]. Critical commentators generally regard these texts as having been composed in Greek and related to Greek Matthew.{{sfn|Vielhauer|Strecker|2003|p=542}} A minority of commentators consider them to be fragments of a lost Aramaic- or Hebrew-language original.

The [[Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew]] is a 7th-century compilation of three other texts: the [[Gospel of James]], the [[Flight into Egypt]], and the [[Infancy Gospel of Thomas]].

Jerome relates that Matthew was supposed by the Nazarenes to have composed their [[Gospel of the Hebrews]],{{sfn|Saint Jerome|2000|p=10}} though [[Irenaeus]] and [[Epiphanius of Salamis]] consider this simply a revised version of the [[Biblical canon|canonical]] Gospel. This Gospel has been partially preserved in the writings of the [[Church Fathers]], said to have been written by Matthew.{{sfn|Mills|Wilson|2003|p=942}} Epiphanius does not make his own the claim about a Gospel of the Hebrews written by Matthew, a claim that he merely attributes to the [[heresy|heretical]] Ebionites.{{sfn|Epiphanius of Salamis|1987|p=129}}
[[File:Matthew the Apostle. Detail of the mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale. Ravena, Italy.jpg|thumb|Matthew the Apostle, detail of the mosaic in the [[Basilica of San Vitale]], [[Ravenna]], 6th century]]

==Veneration==
Matthew is recognized as a [[saint]] in the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Lutheran]]{{sfn|ELCA|2006|p=57}} and [[Anglican]] churches (see [[St. Matthew's Church (disambiguation)|St. Matthew's Church]]). His [[feast day]] is celebrated on 21 September in the West and 16 November in the East. (Those churches which follow the traditional [[Julian calendar]] would keep the day on 29 November of the modern [[Gregorian calendar]], being 16 November in the Julian calendar.) He is also commemorated by the Orthodox, together with the other Apostles, on 30 June (13 July), the [[Synaxis]] of the Holy Apostles. His tomb is located in the crypt of [[Salerno Cathedral]] in southern Italy. Matthew is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered]] in the [[Church of England]] with a [[Festival (Anglicanism)|Festival]] on [[September 21|21 September]].<ref name=Calendar />

Like the other [[Four Evangelists|evangelists]], Matthew is often depicted in [[Christian art]] with one of the four living creatures of Revelation 4:7.<ref>{{bibleverse|Revelation|4:7}}</ref> The one that accompanies him is [[Tetramorph|in the form of a winged man]]. The three paintings of Matthew by [[Caravaggio]] in the church of [[San Luigi dei Francesi]] in [[Rome]], where he is depicted as called by Christ from his profession as a tax gatherer, are among the landmarks of [[Western art]].

==In Islam==
The [[Quran]] speaks of Jesus' disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as "helpers to the work of Allah".<ref>{{qref|3|49-53|b=y}}</ref> Muslim exegesis and Quran commentary, however, name them and include Matthew amongst the disciples.{{sfn|Noegel|Wheeler|2003|p=86}} Muslim exegesis preserves the tradition that Matthew and [[Saint Andrew|Andrew]] were the two disciples who went to [[Ethiopia]] to preach the message of [[God in Islam|God]].

==In architecture==
The Basilica of Annunciation in Nazareth houses a capital that depicts Matthew the Apostle and his story regarding King Eglypus of [[Aethiopia]] and his sons. It shows how Matthew is leading them away from the demon in the far corner of the capital. The biblical story tells of Matthew converting the king and his sons to Christianity. Not only does this capital depict an act carried out by Matthew in the Bible, it foreshadows Matthew being a martyr. When Matthew the Apostle was murdered, he then became a martyr for the Christian religion as being killed for his faith and teachings given the demon in the corner of the capitol. The iconography of this capital helps understand the religion of the time period since it was just coming into Christendom. This shows the cross between Ethiopia and Nazareth as these are where the capitals are today.<ref name=stmatthewscathedral.org>{{cite web|url=http://www.stmatthewscathedral.org/events/2013/09/happy-feast-st-matthew |title=Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle, Washington, D.C |publisher=Stmatthewscathedral.org |date=2013-09-21 |access-date=2014-07-10}}</ref><ref name=franciscanmedia.org>{{Cite web |title=Saint Matthew |website=franciscanmedia.org |publisher=Franciscan Media |access-date=21 September 2020 |url= https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-matthew/ }}</ref><ref name=Calendar>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Jewish">{{Cite journal |last1=Nees |first1=Lawrence |last2=Boehm |first2=Barbara Drake |last3=Holcolmb |first3=Melanie |date=2018 |title=Pleasurable Perplexity: Reflecting the Holy City |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/90025854 |journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review |volume=108 |issue=4 |pages=551–561 |jstor=90025854 |issn=0021-6682}}</ref><ref name="Neophilologus">Jasmine A. L. Kilburn. 2003. "The Contrasted `Other' in the Old English Apocryphal Acts of Matthew, Simon and Jude." Neophilologus 87 (1) (01): 137–151.</ref><ref name=Humanities>Naomi, Simhony. 2020. "The Central Synagogue of Nazareth Illit and its Architectural Dialogue with Nazareth's Basilica of the Annunciation." Humanities & Social Sciences Communications 7 (1) (12).</ref>

==In fiction==
*[[The Master and Margarita#Characters from The Master's novel|The Master and Margarita]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Saint Matthew2.jpg|Saint Matthew in the [[Ebbo Gospels]]
File:MattewIslam.JPG|''Saint Matthew writing the Gospel with an angel holding the volume'', an Islamic miniature {{c.|1530}} by Kesu Das for the Mughal king
File:The Calling of Saint Matthew-Caravaggo (1599-1600).jpg|''[[The Calling of St Matthew (Caravaggio)|The Calling of Saint Matthew]]'', 1599–1600, [[Caravaggio]]
File:Evangelist-St.-Matthew-And-The-Angel.jpg|''Saint Matthew and the Angel'' by [[Guido Reni]], 1620–1630
File:MatthewSt.Matts.jpg|Stained-glass depiction of Saint Matthew at [[St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church]] in Charleston, South Carolina
File:Saint Matthew (crop) - Triumphal arch - Sant'Apollinare in Classe - Ravenna 2016.jpg|Icon of Saint Matthew in the [[Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo|Basilica of Saint Apollinaris]], Ravenna
File:Giuseppe Bernardi-Matthew-BMA.jpg|A terracotta sculptural model, [[Giuseppe Bernardi]]
File:Salerno 2013-05-17 10-47-55.jpg|The Crypt at [[Salerno Cathedral]]
File:Helsinki Cathedral Matthew the Evangelist.jpg|Statue of Saint Matthew by August Wredow at the roof of the [[Helsinki Cathedral]]
File:20230513 Matthias mit dem Beil.jpg|Matthew with the hatchet from [[Claus Berg]] ([[Güstrow Dom|Güstrow Cathedral]])
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Mark the Evangelist]]
*[[Luke the Evangelist]]
*[[John the Apostle]]
*[[Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/September 21|Saint Matthew the Apostle, patron saint archive]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist|notes=

{{efn|name=Eusebius|Eusebius, "History of the Church" 3.39.14–17, c.&nbsp;325 CE, Greek text 16: "ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἱστόρηται τῷ Παπίᾳ περὶ τοῦ Μάρκου· περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ματθαῖου ταῦτ' εἴρηται· Ματθαῖος μὲν οὖν Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ τὰ λόγια συνετάξατο, ἡρμήνευσεν δ' αὐτὰ ὡς ἧν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος. Various English translations published, standard reference translation by [[Philip Schaff]] at [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.viii.xxxix.html CCEL]: "[C]oncerning Matthew he [Papias] writes as follows: 'So then(963) Matthew wrote the oracles in the Hebrew language, and every one interpreted them as he was able.'(964)" Online version includes footnotes 963 and 964 by Schaff.<br>[[Irenaeus|Irenaeus of Lyons]] (died c. 202 CE) makes a similar comment, possibly also drawing on Papias, in his ''Against Heresies'', [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.iv.ii.html Book III, Chapter 1], ''"Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect"''}}

}}

===Citations===
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFEaston1897}}
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
*{{cite EB1911|first=James Vernon |last=Bartlet|wstitle=Matthew, St|volume=17}}
*{{cite book| first=Dale C. Jr. |last=Allison|author-link=Dale Allison|editor-first1=John|editor-last1=Muddiman|editor-first2=John|editor-last2=Barton|title=The Gospels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utMUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=22 April 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-958025-5|page=27}}
*{{cite book|last=Bingham|first=D. Jeffrey |title=Irenaeus' Use of Matthew's Gospel in Adversus Haereses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vRvCYSw4DIC&pg=PA64|year=1998|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-6831-964-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Bock|first=Darrell L. |title=Studying the Historical Jesus: A Guide to Sources and Methods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZooDflYCwEC&pg=PA164|year=2002|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn=978-1-58558-596-0}}
*{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=William David |last2=Finkelstein|first2=Louis |title=The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L20ipjJ-efYC|year=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21929-7}}
*{{cite book |first=John Bovee |last=Dods |editor=Gibson Smith |year=1858 |url=https://archive.org/details/gospeljesus00dodsgoog |quote=Gospel of the Apostles. |title=The Gospel of Jesus |publisher=G. Smith }}
*{{cite EBD|wstitle=Matthew}}
*{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=James R. |title=The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vs9YXAB_axYC&pg=PA18|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-6234-1}}
*{{cite book|first=Bart D.|last=Ehrman|author-link=Bart D. Ehrman|title=Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8_QCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=23 September 1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-802888-8|page=45}}
*{{cite book|first=Bart D.|last=Ehrman|title=A Brief Introduction to the New Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrRBAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536934-2|page=56}}
*{{cite book|ref={{sfnref|ELCA|2006}}|publisher=Evangelical Lutheran Church in America|title=Evangelical Lutheran Worship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnOnQwAACAAJ|year=2006|via=Augsburg Fortress|isbn=978-0-8066-5672-4|chapter=Lesser Festivals, Commemorations, and Occasions}}
*{{cite book|author=Epiphanius of Salamis|author-link=Epiphanius of Salamis|title=The Panarion of Ephiphanius of Salamis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9-utOHPLfEC&pg=PA129|volume=Book I (sects 1–46)|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-07926-2|translator=Frank Williams}}
*{{cite book|last=Freedman|first= David Noel |title=The Anchor Bible Reference Library|year=2001|publisher=Doubleday|title-link=Anchor Bible Series}}
*{{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Everett Falconer |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh7b4o6JQpIC&pg=PA152 |title=Introduction to the New Testament|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=9780802847867 }}
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*{{cite CE1913|wstitle=St. Matthew|first=Eugène |last=Jacquier|volume=10}}
*{{cite book |author=Saint Jerome |editor=Thomas P. Halton |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqzY1zBtKg0C&q=%22composed%20a%20gospel%20of%20Christ%22&pg=PA10 |title=On Illustrious Men (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 100) |publisher=CUA Press |isbn=978-0813201009 }}
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*{{cite journal|first=Werner G. |last=Marx|title=Money Matters in Matthew|journal=Bibliotheca Sacra|volume= 136|issue=542|date=April–June 1979|pages=148–157}}
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*{{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=E.B. |author-link=E.B. Nicholson|title=The Gospel according to the Hebrews, its fragments tr. and annotated, with a critical analysis of the evidence relating to it|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb4CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA82|year=1879}}
*{{cite book |author1-last= Noegel|author1-first= Scott B.|author2-last= Wheeler|author2-first= Brandon M.|date= 2003|title= Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6aTXAAAAMAAJ|location= Lanham, MD|publisher= Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield)|isbn= 978-0810843059}}
*{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924095207126/page/n651/mode/2up |title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|chapter= Matthew |editor-first=James|editor-last= Orr |publisher=The Howard-Severance Co.|location=Chicago |year=1915 }}
*{{cite book|last=Repschinski|first=Boris |title=The Controversy Stories in the Gospel of Matthew: Their Redaction, Form und &#91;sic&#93; Relevance for the Relationship Between the Matthean Community and Formative Judaism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2VLANXcZsYC&pg=PA14|year=2000|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=978-3-525-53873-9}}
*{{cite book|editor-last=Schneemelcher|editor-first=Wilhelm |title=New Testament Apocrypha: Writings relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses and related subjects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6IqqnEoN3QC&pg=PA17|year=2003|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22722-7|translator=Robert McLachlan Wilson}}
*{{Cite book|last=Theissen|first=Gerd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhQsAQAAMAAJ|author-link=Gerd Theissen|title=The New Testament: History, Literature, Religion|date=2003|publisher=T & T Clark|isbn=978-0-567-08949-6}}
*{{cite book|editor-last=Schneemelcher|editor-first=Wilhelm |author-link=Wilhelm Schneemelcher|title=New Testament Apocrypha: Writings relating to the Apostles; Apocalypses and related subjects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6IqqnEoN3QC&pg=PA17|year=2003|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22722-7|translator=Robert McLachlan Wilson|last1=Vielhauer |last2=Strecker|first1=Philipp|first2=Georg}}
*{{Cite journal|last1=NEES |first1=LAWRENCE |author2=Barbara Drake Boehm |author3=Melanie Holcolmb |title=Pleasurable Perplexity: Reflecting the Holy City |journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review |volume=108 |issue=4 |year=2018 |pages=551–561 |doi=10.1353/jqr.2018.0038 |jstor=90025854 |s2cid=165897158 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/90025854}}
{{refend}}

===Further reading===
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Aune|editor-first=David E. |title=The Gospel of Matthew in current study|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8lZ7BXzt0sCe|isbn=978-0-8028-4673-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Aune|first=David E.|title=The New Testament in its literary environment|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XdSto1nkx9AC|isbn=978-0-664-25018-8}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Beaton
|first=Richard C.
|chapter=How Matthew Writes
|editor1-last=Bockmuehl
|editor1-first=Markus
|editor2-last=Hagner
|editor2-first=Donald A.
|title=The Written Gospel
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|year=2005
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAZxCMRztQ4C&pg=PA116
|isbn=978-0-521-83285-4
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Browning|first=W. R. F.|title=Oxford Dictionary of the Bible|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKsdAtPUoRgC&q=W.+R.+F.+Browning,+Gospel+of+Matthew,+A+dictionary+of+the+Bible|isbn=978-0-19-860890-5}}
* {{Cite book|last=Burkett|first=Delbert|title=An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&q=Gospel+of+Matthew|isbn=978-0-521-00720-7}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Casey
|first = Maurice
|author-link = Maurice Casey 
|title = Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching
|publisher = Continuum
|year = 2010
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lXK0auknD0YC
|isbn = 978-0-567-64517-3
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Clarke|first=Howard W.|title=The Gospel of Matthew and Its Readers|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BB70m7EVPkC&q=Howard+W.+Clarke+%282003%29|isbn=978-0-253-34235-5}}
* {{Cite book
 |editor1-last  = Cross
 |editor1-first = Frank L.
 |editor1-link  = Frank Leslie Cross
 |editor2-last  = Livingstone
 |editor2-first = Elizabeth A.
 |title         = The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
 |contribution  = Matthew, Gospel acc. to St.
 |page          = 1064
 |publisher     = Oxford University Press
 |year          = 2005
 |orig-year      = 1997
 |edition       = 3
 |url           = http://www.biblicalwritings.com/the-oxford-dictionary-of-the-christian-church/?alfa=M&word=Matthew,%0AGospel+acc.+to+St.+
 |isbn          = 978-0-19-280290-3
 |access-date   = 14 November 2015
 |archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184503/http://www.biblicalwritings.com/the-oxford-dictionary-of-the-christian-church/?alfa=M&word=Matthew,%0AGospel+acc.+to+St.+
 |archive-date  = 23 September 2015
 |url-status      = dead
 |df            = dmy-all
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dunn|first=James D. G.|title=Jesus Remembered|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC|isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2}}
* {{cite book |last = Ehrman |first = Bart D. |title = Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth |year = 2012 |publisher = HarperCollins |isbn = 978-0-06-220460-8 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hf5Rj8EtsPkC&pg=PT102 }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Fuller
|first=Reginald H.
|chapter=Biblical Theology
|editor1-last=Metzger 
|editor1-first=Bruce M. 
|editor2-last=Coogan
|editor2-first=Michael D. 
|title=The Oxford Guide to Ideas & Issues of the Bible
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|year=2001
|isbn=9780195149173
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aml3tEWoOVEC&pg=PA68
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last = Hagner |first = D. A. |editor-last = Bromiley |editor-first = Geoffrey W. |title = International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 3: K-P |contribution = Matthew, Gospel According to |pages = 280–8 |year = 1986 |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn = 978-0-8028-8163-2 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC&pg=PA280 }}
* {{cite book|last=Harris |first=Stephen L. |title=Understanding the Bible |location=Palo Alto |publisher=Mayfield |year=1985 }}
* {{Cite book
|last=Kowalczyk
|first=A.
|title=The influence of typology and texts of the Old Testament on the redaction of Matthew's Gospel
|publisher=Bernardinum
|year=2008
|url=http://digital.fides.org.pl/publication/814 
|isbn=978-83-7380-625-2
}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Kupp
|first=David D.
|title=Matthew's Emmanuel: Divine Presence and God's People in the First Gospel
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=1996
|isbn=978-0-521-57007-7
}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Levine
|first=Amy-Jill
|chapter=Visions of kingdoms: From Pompey to the first Jewish revolt
|editor1-last=Coogan
|editor1-first=Michael D.
|title=The Oxford History of the Biblical World
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|year=2001
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DVHJRFW3mYC&pg=PT546
|isbn=978-0-19-513937-2
}}
* {{Cite book
|last1=Levison
|first1=J.
|last2=Pope-Levison
|first2=P.
|chapter=Christology
|editor1-last=Dyrness
|editor1-first=William A. 
|editor2-last=Kärkkäinen
|editor2-first=Veli-Matti 
|title=Global Dictionary of Theology
|publisher=InterVarsity Press
|year=2009
|isbn=9780830878116
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqkZnDSeo4C&pg=PA167
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Luz|first=Ulrich|title=Studies in Matthew|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voRVZFEpNsAC&q=Luz+Studies+in+Matthew|isbn=978-0-8028-3964-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Luz|first=Ulrich|title=The Theology of the Gospel of Matthew|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cKl5M_MQMoYC|isbn=978-0-521-43576-5}}
* {{Cite book
|last=McMahon
|first=Christopher
|chapter=Introduction to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles
|editor-last=Ruff
|editor-first=Jerry
|title=Understanding the Bible: A Guide to Reading the Scriptures
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=2008
|isbn=9780884898528
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=al4d-3t6rqwC&pg=PA57
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Morris|first=Leon|title=New Testament Theology|publisher=Zondervan|year=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6D3o6fZd67EC&q=Morris+New+Testament+Theology|isbn=978-0-310-45571-4}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Peppard
|first=Michael
|title=The Son of God in the Roman World: Divine Sonship in Its Social and Political Context
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|year=2011
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iH4Zk-3MJJcC&pg=PA133|isbn=9780199753703
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Perkins|first=Pheme|chapter=The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSHCRgS_SAUC&pg=PR7|title=The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Interpretation|isbn=0521485932|date=1998-07-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}, in {{Cite book|editor-last=Kee|editor-first=Howard Clark|title=The Cambridge companion to the bible: part 3|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-521-48593-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Saldarini|first=Anthony|chapter=Matthew|year=2003|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1000|title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=0802837115}}, in {{Cite book|last1=Dunn|first1=James D. G.|last2=Rogerson|first2=John William|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Saldarini|first=Anthony|title=Matthew's Christian-Jewish Community|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btSZh4_vzqoC|isbn=978-0-226-73421-7}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Sanford
|first=Christopher B.
|title=Matthew: Christian Rabbi
|publisher=Author House
|year=2005
|isbn=9781420883718
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYw3MGiYgSkC
}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Scholtz
|first=Donald
|title=Jesus in the Gospels and Acts: Introducing the New Testament
|publisher=Saint Mary's Press
|year=2009
|isbn=9780884899556
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=royKA4FeMB4C&pg=PA34
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Senior|first=Donald|chapter=Directions in Matthean Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8lZ7BXzt0sC|title=The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study: Studies in Memory of William G. Thompson, S.J|isbn=0802846734|year=2001}}, in {{Cite book|editor-last=Aune|editor-first=David E. |title=The Gospel of Matthew in current study|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8028-4673-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Senior|first=Donald|title=What are they saying about Matthew?|publisher=PaulistPress|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuyaPmvwnLEC&q=What+are+they+saying+about+Matthew|isbn=978-0-8091-3624-7}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stanton|first=Graham|title=A gospel for a new people: studies in Matthew|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GytxXOIsF-0C&q=Stanton%2BA+Gospel+for+a+New+People|isbn=978-0-664-25499-5}}
* {{Cite book|last=Strecker|first=Georg|title=Theology of the New Testament|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2000 |orig-year=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6NxpAvdrOgC&q=Strecker+Theology+New+Testament|isbn=978-0-664-22336-6}}
* {{Cite book
|last=Tuckett
|first=Christopher Mark
|title=Christology and the New Testament: Jesus and His Earliest Followers
|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press
|year=2001
|isbn=9780664224318
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5Zr0_CsEcwC&q=christology+matthew&pg=PA119
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Van de Sandt|first=H. W. M.|chapter=''Introduction''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cTE0FQtrphwC&q=Matthew+and+the+Didache|title=Matthew and the Didache: Two Documents from the Same Jewish–Christian Milieu?|isbn=9023240774|year=2005}}, in {{Cite book|last=Van de Sandt|first=H. W. M.|title=Matthew and the Didache|publisher=Royal Van Gorcum&Fortress Press|year=2005|isbn=978-90-232-4077-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Weren|first=Wim|chapter=The History and Social Setting of the Matthean Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cTE0FQtrphwC&q=Matthew+and+the+Didache|title=Matthew and the Didache: Two Documents from the Same Jewish–Christian Milieu?|isbn=9023240774|year=2005}}, in {{Cite book|editor-last=Van de Sandt|editor-first=H. W. M.|title=Matthew and the Didache|publisher=Royal Van Gorcum&Fortress Press|year=2005|isbn=978-90-232-4077-8}}
{{refend}}

====Commentaries====
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book|last=Allison|first=D. C.|author-link=Dale Allison|title=Matthew: A Shorter Commentary|publisher=T&T Clark|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_OShrBh0I0C&q=Allison+Matthew:+a+shorter+commentary|isbn=978-0-567-08249-7}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Davies|first1=W. D.|author-link=W. D. Davies|last2=Allison|first2=D. C.|title=Matthew 1–7|publisher=T&T Clark|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQzZc7KYUKgC&q=Davies+and+Allison+%E2%80%94+Matthew+1-7|isbn=978-0-567-08355-5 }}
* {{Cite book|last1=Davies|first1=W. D.|last2=Allison|first2=D. C.|title=Matthew 8–18|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdpE84GmWiIC&q=Davies+and+Allison+%E2%80%94+Matthew+8-18&pg=PA211|isbn=978-0-567-08365-4}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Davies|first1=W. D.|last2=Allison|first2=D. C.|title=Matthew 19–28|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEKQ_iBhX7UC&q=Davies+and+Allison+%E2%80%94+Matthew+19-28|isbn=978-0-567-08375-3}}
* {{Cite book |last = Duling |first = Dennis C. |editor-last=Aune |editor-first = David E. |title = The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament |contribution = The Gospel of Matthew |publisher = Wiley-Blackwell |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-1-4051-0825-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&q=%22Chapter+18+The+Gospel+of+Matthew%22&pg=PA295}}
* {{Cite book|last=France|first=R. T.|title=The Gospel of Matthew|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ruP6J_XPCEC&q=%22A+pre-70+date+for+Matthew%22&pg=PA19 |isbn=978-0-8028-2501-8 |page=19}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harrington|first=Daniel J.|title=The Gospel of Matthew | publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1991|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bNf13S3k2w0C|isbn=9780814658031 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Keener|first=Craig S.|title=A commentary on the Gospel of Matthew|publisher=Eerdmans|year=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWzhEdBZOp4C&q=Craig+S.+Keener+%E2%80%94+A+Commentary+on+the+Gospel+of+Matthew|isbn=978-0-8028-3821-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Luz|first=Ulrich|author-link=Ulrich Luz|title=Matthew 1–7: a commentary|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8006-9600-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Luz|first=Ulrich|title=Matthew 8–20: a commentary|publisher=Fortress Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8006-6034-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/matthewcommentar0000luzu}}
* {{Cite book|last=Luz|first=Ulrich|title=Matthew 21–28: a commentary|publisher=Fortress Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8006-3770-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/matthewcommentar0000luzu}}
* {{Cite book|last=Morris|first=Leon|title=The Gospel according to Matthew|publisher=Eerdmans|year=1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pwaSKcHyEEC&q=Leon+Morris+%E2%80%94+The+Gospel+According+to+Matthew|isbn=978-0-85111-338-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nolland|first=John|title=The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2005|isbn=0802823890}}
* {{Cite book|last=Turner|first=David L.|title=Matthew|publisher=Baker|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8z9LSdKLUl4C&q=David+Turner|isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Saint Matthew}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121118101557/http://www.mcah.columbia.edu/medmil/pages/non-mma-pages/text_links/gl_matthew.html Saint Matthew the Apostle] from The ''[[Golden Legend]]''
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103313 Apostle and Evangelist Matthew] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]]
*[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2006/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20060830_en.html Benedict XVI, "Matthew", General audience, 30 August 2006]
*[http://opinion.inquirer.net/81926/the-caravaggio-effect "The Caravaggio Effect"]
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|Calling of Matthew<br />[[Gospel harmony|Life of Jesus]]: [[Ministry of Jesus|Ministry Events]]|||}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rejection of Jesus|Hometown Rejection of Jesus]],<br />"[[Physician, heal thyself]]"}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[New Testament]]<br>Events}}
{{s-aft|after=[[New Wine into Old Wineskins]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Apostles}}
{{Gospel of Matthew}}
{{New Testament people}}
{{Catholic saints}}
{{Coptic saints}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Matthew}}
[[Category:Matthew the Apostle| ]]
[[Category:1st-century Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:1st-century writers]]
[[Category:Burials at Salerno Cathedral]]
[[Category:Christian saints from the New Testament]]
[[Category:Four Evangelists]]
[[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]]
[[Category:Twelve Apostles]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]