Mariah Carey Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{Short description|American singer (born 1969)}} {{For|the album|Mariah Carey (album){{!}}''Mariah Carey'' (album)}} {{Pp-move}} {{Pp-blp|small=yes}} {{Featured article}} {{Use American English|date=April 2020}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Mariah Carey | image = Mariah Carey Library of Congress 2023 1 Cropped 3.png<!-- NOTE: Do not replace Mariah Carey Library of Congress 2023 1 Cropped 3.png unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria --> | alt = Mariah Carey smiling in a black dress in front of a Christmas tree | caption = Carey in 2023 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|3|27}}{{efn|name=Birth date}}<!--NOTE: This is sourced in the Early life section. Do not change without gaining consensus on the talk page beforehand.--> | birth_place = [[Huntington, New York]], US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not 'the U.S., UK, and USSR')." --> | occupation = {{Hlist|Singer|songwriter|record producer|actress}} | years_active = 1988–present | works = {{Hlist|[[Mariah Carey albums discography|Albums]]|[[Mariah Carey singles discography|singles]]|[[List of songs recorded by Mariah Carey|songs recorded]]|[[Mariah Carey videography|videography]]|[[List of Mariah Carey live performances|performances]]}} | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{Marriage|[[Tommy Mottola]]|1993|1998|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Nick Cannon]]|2008|2016|end=divorced}}}} | children = 2 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | instruments = Vocals | genre = {{Hlist|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Hip hop music|hip hop]]|[[Soul music|soul]]}} | label = {{Hlist|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Crave Records|Crave]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[MonarC]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]<!--Recently signed-->|Butterfly MC}}<!--Mariah Carey is not signed to Roc Nation label, but with the management team, to check to click on artists on the Roc Nation site and click management and she is seen there; however, on artists she is suddenly nowhere to be found.--> }} | website = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}} | signature = Mariah's signature.png }} '''Mariah Carey''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|r|aɪ|ə}};<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7PLGJjd9vQ&t=1s |title= Can Mariah Carey Remember Tricky Questions About Her Long Career? All About Me Harper's BAZAAR |date=December 22, 2021 |time=0:01 |author=''Harper's Bazaar''|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> born March 27, 1969){{efn|name=Birth date}}<!--NOTE: This is sourced in the Early life section. Do not change without gaining consensus on the talk page beforehand.--> is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress.<!--Per MOS:ROLEBIO, please do not stuff this lead sentence with her lesser-known occupations. The infobox lists the rest.--> An influential figure in [[popular music]], she is known for her five-octave [[vocal range]], [[melisma]]tic singing style, and signature use of the [[whistle register]]. Carey is also credited with influencing vocal styles, merging [[hip-hop]] with pop through her collaborations, popularizing [[remix]]es and helping break down racial barriers for [[multiracial Americans]] in [[popular culture]]. Referred to as the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Songbird Supreme]]" by ''[[Guinness World Records]],'' she was ranked as the fifth greatest singer in the history of popular music by ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' in 2023 and has been dubbed the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Christmas]]" for the enduring popularity of her [[Christmas music]], particularly the 1994 song "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", which is the [[List of best-selling singles|best-selling holiday song by a female artist]]. Carey rose to fame in 1990 with her [[Mariah Carey (album)|self-titled debut album]] under the guidance of [[Columbia Records]] executive [[Tommy Mottola]], whom she later married in 1993. She is the only artist to date to have their first five singles reach number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], from "[[Vision of Love]]" to "[[Emotions (Mariah Carey song)|Emotions]]". Carey gained worldwide success with her albums ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993) and ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995)―both of which rank among the [[list of best-selling albums|best-selling albums]] and spawned singles such as "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]", "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]", "[[Without You (Badfinger song)#Mariah Carey version|Without You]]", "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "[[Always Be My Baby]]" and "[[One Sweet Day]]". The lattermost of these topped the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of the 1990s|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 decade-end chart (1990s)]]. After separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a new urban image and began incorporating more [[hip-hop]] and [[R&B]] elements with the releases of ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997) and ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'' (1999). By the end of the 1990s, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' ranked Carey as the [[Billboard Decade-End#1990s|most successful artist of the decade in the United States]]. She left Columbia Records in 2001 after eleven consecutive years of US number-one singles and signed a record deal with [[Virgin Records]]. Following a [[Glitter (soundtrack)#Controversies|highly publicized breakdown]] and the failure of her 2001 film ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' and its accompanying [[Glitter (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], Virgin bought out Carey's contract, and she signed with [[Island Records]] the following year. After a brief, mildly successful period, Carey returned to the top of the charts with ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005) which became one of the [[List of best-selling albums of the 21st century|best-selling albums of the 21st century]]. Its second single, "[[We Belong Together]]", topped the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of the 2000s|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 decade-end chart (2000s)]]. Her subsequent ventures included roles in the films ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009), ''[[The Butler]]'' (2013), ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]'' (2017), being an ''[[American Idol]]'' judge, starring in the docu-series ''[[Mariah's World]]'', performing multiple [[List of Mariah Carey live performances#Concert residencies|concert residencies]], and publishing the memoir ''[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]]'' (2020). Carey is one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling music artists]], with over 220 million records sold worldwide,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mariah Carey gets hand and footprints cemented in Hollywood history|first=Coleen |last=Sullivan |agency=ABC7 Los Angeles |url=https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |date=November 1, 2017|access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229095230/https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and is an inductee of the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]], the [[National Recording Registry]] at the [[Library of Congress]] and the [[The Long Island Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame|Long Island Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey |url=https://www.songhall.org/profile/mariah_carey |access-date=June 1, 2023 |agency=Songwriters Hall of Fame |archive-date=June 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619102611/https://www.songhall.org/profile/mariah_carey |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=April 13, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey Is 'Honored Beyond Belief' to Be Inducted Into the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-library-of-congress-national-recording-registry-induction-reaction-1235302373/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514105849/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-library-of-congress-national-recording-registry-induction-reaction-1235302373/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 26, 2018 |title=Long Island Music Hall of Fame: Notable inductees |newspaper=Newsday |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/long-island-music-hall-of-fame-notable-inductees-u17563 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601060044/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/long-island-music-hall-of-fame-notable-inductees-u17563 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' named her the top-charting female solo artist, based on both album and song chart success. She holds the record for the most ''Billboard'' Hot 100 number-one singles by [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most number-one singles|a solo artist]] (19), [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Songwriters with the most number-one singles|a female songwriter]] (18), and [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Producers with the most number-one singles|a female producer]] (15), spending a [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most cumulative weeks at number one|record 93 weeks atop the chart]]. Carey is the [[List of highest-certified music artists in the United States|highest-certified female artist]] in the United States and 10th overall, with 75 million [[RIAA certification|certified]] [[Album-equivalent units|album units]]. Among [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|her accolades]] are 6 [[Grammy Awards]] (including the [[Grammy Global Impact Award|Global Impact Award)]], 10 [[American Music Awards]], 20 [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]] and 12 ''Guinness World Records''. == Early life == Carey was born on March 27, 1969,<!--NOTE: Once again, do not change without gaining consensus on talk page beforehand. If you find another source that may change the consensus, please discuss more on the talk page.-->{{efn|name=Birth date|While some sources give a birth year of 1970,<ref>* {{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |title=The Pop Life – Mariah Carey's Debut |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/the-pop-life-987890.html |access-date=March 27, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 13, 1990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101111434/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/13/arts/the-pop-life-987890.html |archive-date=January 1, 2018 |quote=The 20-year-old singer...}} * {{harvnb|Nickson|1998}} * {{harvnb|Shapiro|2001}} * {{cite magazine |last=Eliscu |first=Jenny |title=Mariah After Midnight |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-after-midnight-2-102924/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327221424/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-after-midnight-2-102924/ |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |date=February 23, 2006 |quote=When Patricia Carey gave birth to a seven-pound baby girl at 7:27 A.M. on March 27th, 1970... }}</ref> a birth announcement in Carey's hometown newspaper ''[[Long Islander News|The Long-Islander]]'' indicates 1969,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031119/1969-04-10/ed-1/seq-15/|title=Recent Births Are Announced |newspaper=[[Long Islander News|The Long-Islander]]|location=Huntington, New York|date=April 10, 1969|page=2{{hyphen}}3|access-date=February 16, 2021|quote=Recent births at Huntington Hospital have been announced as follows{{nbsp}}... March 27 Mariah, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Carey, Huntington|via=NYS Historic Newspapers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303103838/https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031119/1969-04-10/ed-1/seq-15/|archive-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> as do others.<ref>* {{cite news |title=Short Takes: Mariah Carey Doing OK at 21 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-21-ca-641-story.html |access-date=March 27, 2019 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 21, 1991 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327220743/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-21-ca-641-story.html |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |quote=At age 21, she seems...}} * {{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&q=who%27s+who+in+america+mariah+carey+1969&pg=PA275|title=The International Who's Who 2004|edition=67|publisher=[[Europa Publications]]|location=London|year=2003|editor-first=Elizabeth|editor-last=Sleeman|chapter=Carey, Mariah|isbn=978-1-85743-217-6|quote=b. 1969, Long Island, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalwho2004ond}} * {{cite magazine |title=Mariah Carey – Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey/biography/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817222020/http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey/biography/ |archive-date=August 17, 2016|quote=Date of Birth: March 27, 1969}}</ref>}} in [[Huntington (CDP), New York|Huntington, New York]].<ref name="6G76Y">{{cite news|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/fanfare/li-music-hall-of-fame-recognizes-local-talent-1.884107|title=LI Music Hall of Fame recognizes local talent|date=October 22, 2008|first=Glenn|last=Gamboa|work=[[Newsday]]|location=[[New York City]] / [[Long Island]]|quote=Born in Huntington, raised in Greenlawn.|access-date = September 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014201804/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/fanfare/li-music-hall-of-fame-recognizes-local-talent-1.884107|archive-date=October 14, 2013}}</ref><ref name="nick1"/> Her name is derived from the song "[[They Call the Wind Maria]]", originally from the 1951 Broadway musical ''[[Paint Your Wagon (musical)|Paint Your Wagon]].''<ref name="b3WSA">{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey/biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017180104/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey/biography|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 17, 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Jason|last=Buchanan|date=2013|title=Mariah Carey Biography|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref><ref name="zDki9">{{cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey|title=Celebrity Central: Top 25 Celebrities: Mariah Carey|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=August 14, 2011|archive-date=August 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025400/http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey|url-status=live}}</ref> She is the youngest of three children born to Patricia (née Hickey), a former opera singer and vocal coach of Irish descent, and Alfred Roy Carey, an aeronautical engineer of African-American and Afro-Venezuelan lineage. The last name "Carey" was adopted by her Venezuelan grandfather, Francisco Núñez, after he emigrated to New York.<ref name="nick2"/><ref name="nick1"/> Patricia's family disowned her for marrying a black man.<ref name="nick2"/> Racial tensions prevented the Carey family from integrating into their community. While they lived in Huntington, their neighbors poisoned the family dog and set fire to their car.<ref name="nick2"/> After her parents' divorce, Carey had little contact with her father, and her mother worked several jobs to support the family. Carey spent much of her time at home alone and began singing at age three, often imitating her mother's take on [[Verdi]]'s opera ''[[Rigoletto]]'' in Italian. Her older sister Alison moved in with their father while Mariah and her elder brother Morgan lived with their mother.<ref name="nick3"/><ref name="nick4"/> During her years in elementary school, she excelled in the arts, such as music and literature. Carey began writing poetry and lyrics while attending [[Harborfields High School]] in [[Greenlawn, New York]],<ref name="nick7"/> where she graduated in 1987.<ref name="people1993"/> Carey began vocal training under the tutelage of her mother. Though she was a classically trained opera singer, Patricia Carey never pressured her daughter to pursue a career in classical opera. Mariah Carey recalled that she had "never been a pushy mom. She never said, 'Give it more of an operatic feel.' I respect opera like crazy, but it didn't influence me."<ref name="nick7"/><ref name="nick8"/> In high school, Mariah Carey was often absent because of her work as a [[demo (music)|demo]] singer. This led to her classmates giving her the nickname [[Mirage]].<ref name="nick8"/> Working in the Long Island music scene gave her opportunities to work with musicians such as [[Gavin Christopher]] and [[Ben Margulies]], with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. After moving to New York City, she worked part-time jobs to pay the rent and completed 500 hours of [[Cosmetology|beauty school]].<ref name="nick9"/> Carey moved into a one-bedroom apartment in Manhattan with four female students as roommates.<ref name="nick10"/> She landed a gig singing backup for [[freestyle music|freestyle]] singer [[Brenda K. Starr]].<ref name="nick13"/><ref name="nick14"/> == Career == === 1988–1992: Career beginnings, debut album and ''Emotions'' === [[File:Mariah Carey 1990 cropped.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey exiting [[Shepherd's Bush Empire]] after promoting her single "[[Vision of Love]]" on ''[[Wogan]]'' in 1990]] In December 1988, Carey accompanied Starr to a music executive's party, where she handed her demo tape to the head of [[Columbia Records]], [[Tommy Mottola]].<ref name="nick17"/><ref name="nick16"/> After listening to the tape during the ride home, he immediately requested the driver turn around. Carey had already left the event, and in what has been described as a modern-day [[Cinderella]] story, he spent two weeks looking for her.<ref name="nick17"/> Another record label expressed interest and a bidding war ensued. Mottola signed Carey to Columbia and enlisted producers [[Ric Wake]], [[Narada Michael Walden]], and [[Rhett Lawrence]] for her first album.<ref name="nick17"/> Columbia marketed Carey as the main female artist on their roster, competing with [[Arista Records|Arista]]'s [[Whitney Houston]] and [[Madonna]] of [[Sire Records]].<ref name="nick18"/> On June 5, 1990, Carey made her first public appearance at the [[1990 NBA Finals]], singing "[[America the Beautiful]]". The highlight was the piercing whistle note toward the song's conclusion, sparking CBS Sports anchor [[Pat O'Brien (radio and television personality)|Pat O'Brien]] to declare, "The [[The Palace of Auburn Hills|palace]] now has a queen."<ref name="eZTkj">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-81746#:~:text=Her%20obscurity%20faded%20forever%20on,Pat%20O'Brien%20to%20declare|title=A Look Back: 7 All-Star NBA Musical Performances|last=Anderson|first=Trevor|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 16, 2014|access-date=July 20, 2020|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151615/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-81746#:~:text=Her%20obscurity%20faded%20forever%20on,Pat%20O'Brien%20to%20declare|url-status=live}}</ref> Columbia spent upwards of $1 million promoting Carey's debut studio album, ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]''.<ref name="nick19"/> After a slow start, the album eventually topped the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] for eleven consecutive weeks, after Carey's exposure at the [[33rd Annual Grammy Awards]], where she won the award for [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]], and [[Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]] for her single "[[Vision of Love]]".<ref name="eZTkj1">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/461628961.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+21%2C+1991&author=AP&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Major+Grammy+winners&pqatl=google|title=Major Grammy Winners|last=Bartha|first=Agatha|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=February 12, 1991|access-date=August 18, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725002927/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/461628961.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+21%2C+1991&author=AP&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Major+Grammy+winners&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="jtml6">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56149786.html?dids=56149786%3A56149786&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=May+13%2C+1991&author=David+Landis&pub=USA+TODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=%60BATHGATE%27+WAIT&pqatl=google|title='Bathgate' Wait|last=Landis|first=David|work=[[USA Today]]|date=May 13, 1991|access-date=August 14, 2011|quote=R.E.M.'s Out of Time has knocked Mariah Carey off the top of the Billboard album chart after 11 weeks.|archive-date=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724230951/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56149786.html?dids=56149786%3A56149786&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=May+13%2C+1991&author=David+Landis&pub=USA+TODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=%60BATHGATE%27+WAIT&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> The album's singles "Vision of Love", "[[Love Takes Time]]", "[[Someday (Mariah Carey song)|Someday]]", and "[[I Don't Wanna Cry]]" all topped the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name="Hot 100"/> ''Mariah Carey'' was the best-selling album in the United States in 1991,<ref name="yjtgw">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73919427.html?dids=73919427:73919427&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+01%2C+1992&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=1991%27s+Chart-Toppers%3A+Garth%2C+Mariah+%26+CC&pqatl=google|title=1991's Chart-Toppers: Garth, Mariah & CC|last=Harrington|first=Richard|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 1, 1992|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724233654/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73919427.html?dids=73919427:73919427&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+01%2C+1992&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=1991%27s+Chart-Toppers%3A+Garth%2C+Mariah+%26+CC&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> and achieved worldwide sales of 15 million copies.<ref name="bet"/> The following year Carey co-wrote, co-produced and recorded her second studio effort, ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]''.<ref name="nick21"/><ref name="nick22"/> Described by Carey as an homage to [[Motown]] [[soul music]], Carey employed the help of [[Walter Afanasieff]], who only had a small role on her debut, as well as [[Robert Clivillés]] and [[David Cole (record producer)|David Cole]], from the [[dance music|dance]] group [[C+C Music Factory]].<ref name="nick23"/> Carey's relationship with Margulies deteriorated over a songwriting royalties dispute. After he filed a lawsuit against Columbia's parent company, [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]], the songwriting duo parted ways.<ref name="nick22"/> ''Emotions'' was released on September 17, 1991. The [[Emotions (Mariah Carey song)|title track]], the album's lead single, became Carey's fifth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100, making her the first artist whose first five singles reached the chart's summit.<ref name="people">{{Cite news |title=A Complete Guide to All of Mariah Carey's Number One Hits |newspaper=People |url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-number-one-hits-complete-guide/ |access-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111523/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-number-one-hits-complete-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Though critics praised the album's content and described it as a more mature effort, the album was criticized as calculated and lacking originality.<ref name="nick25"/> While the album managed sales of eight million copies globally, ''Emotions'' failed to reach the commercial and critical heights of its predecessor.<ref name="sales"/> Carey did not embark on a world tour to promote the album.<ref name="shapiro1"/> Although she attributed this to [[stage fright]] and the vocally challenging nature of her material, speculation grew that Carey was a "studio worm" and that she was incapable of producing the perfect pitch and five-[[octave]] [[vocal range]] for which she was known.<ref name="nycc"/><ref name="shapiro2"/> In hopes of ending any speculation of her being a manufactured artist, Carey booked an appearance on ''[[MTV Unplugged]]''.<ref name="nick26"/> The show presented artists "unplugged" or in a stripped setting and devoid of studio equipment.<ref name="nick26"/> Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff chose to add a cover of [[the Jackson 5]]'s 1970 song "[[I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)|I'll Be There]]" to the set-list. On March 16, 1992, Carey played and recorded an intimate seven-song show at [[Kaufman Astoria Studios]] in Queens, New York.<ref name="nickson27"/> The acclaimed [[revue]] was aired more than three times as often as the average episode,<ref name="nickson28"/> and critics heralding it as a "vocal Tour de force".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312805,00.html|title=Carey On|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=March 30, 2011|date=December 25, 1992|archive-date=December 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222095520/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312805,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey's live version of "I'll Be There" became her sixth number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart. Sony capitalized on its success and released it as an [[Extended play|EP]]. It earned a triple-[[RIAA certification|Platinum]] certification by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA),<ref name="riaa"/> and earned Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets.<ref name="nickson29"/> === 1993–1996: ''Music Box'', ''Merry Christmas'', and ''Daydream'' === After ''Emotions'' failed to achieve the commercial heights of her debut album, Carey's subsequent release was to be marketed as [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]] and pop-friendly. ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' was produced by Carey and Afanasieff, and began a songwriting partnership that would extend until 1997's ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]''.<ref name="soul"/> The album was released on August 31, 1993, to mixed reviews from music critics. Carey's songwriting was derided as clichéd and her vocal performances were described as less emotive and lazier in their delivery. In his review of the album, [[AllMusic]]'s Ron Wynn concluded: "sometimes excessive spirit is preferable to an absence of passion."<ref name="F0iAt">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r186574|title=Music Box > Overview|last=Wynn|first=Ron|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=August 17, 2010|archive-date=September 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923063728/https://www.allmusic.com/album/music-box-mw0000620196|url-status=live}}</ref> In promotion of the album, Carey embarked on her debut tour, a six-date concert series, the [[Music Box Tour]].<ref name="shapiro9"/> ''Music Box''{{'}}s first and second singles, "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" and "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]", became Carey's seventh and eighth chart-toppers in the United States, while her cover of [[Badfinger]]'s "[[Without You (Badfinger song)|Without You]]" was a commercial breakthrough in Europe, becoming her first number-one single in Germany,<ref name="ger"/> Sweden<ref name="swe"/> and the United Kingdom.<ref name="without"/> ''Music Box'' remains Carey's best-seller and one of the [[List of best-selling albums|best-selling albums]], with worldwide sales of over 28 million copies.<ref name="bettwenty"/> In mid-1994, Carey recorded and released a duet with [[Luther Vandross]]; a cover of [[Lionel Richie]] and [[Diana Ross]]'s "[[Endless Love (song)|Endless Love]]".<ref name="shapiro11"/> ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'', released on November 1, 1994, became the [[List of best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States|best-selling Christmas album]], with global sales of over 15 million copies.<ref name="newyorker">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|title=Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|date=April 6, 2006|access-date=November 10, 2011|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-date=October 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013180454/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mimisales2"/><ref name="national"/> The lead single, "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", became a holiday [[Standard (music)|standard]] and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season.<ref name="RSS"/> By October 2017, it had become the [[List of best-selling singles|11th-bestselling single]] in modern music.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lowenna|last=Waters|title=10 of the best Mariah Carey songs|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=December 29, 2018|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/best-mariah-carey-songs/want-christmas-you_mariah-carey/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/best-mariah-carey-songs/want-christmas-you_mariah-carey/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2019, 25 years after the song's release, it finally peaked at number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for the first time, and it continued to do so every December since, becoming the first song in history to hold the top position in more than two different chart years, as well as the longest-running holiday number-one song (twelve weeks).<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Gary|last=Trust|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9504998/mariah-carey-christmas-tops-hot-100-fifth-week/|title=Mariah Carey's 'Christmas' Back Atop Hot 100, As Dean Martin, Wham! & Chuck Berry Hit Top 10|access-date=December 28, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=January 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123150703/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9504998/mariah-carey-christmas-tops-hot-100-fifth-week|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, it is the longest running number-one song on the ''Billboard'' Holiday 100, spending 44 cumulative weeks, of the chart's 49 total weeks since the list launched in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|first=Gary|last=Trust|title=Mariah Carey Becomes First Artist at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in Four Decades, Thanks to 'All I Want for Christmas'|newspaper=Billboard|date=December 30, 2019|access-date=July 18, 2021|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|archive-date=December 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213359/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey One Sweet Day Madison Square 1995.jpg|thumb|Carey performing "[[One Sweet Day]]" with [[Boyz II Men]] at [[Madison Square Garden]] in October 1995]] Carey's fifth studio album, ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'', found her consolidating creative control over her career, leading to tensions with Columbia. The album featured a departure from her allegiance to pop and gravitated heavily towards [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] and [[hip hop music|hip hop]].<ref name="shapiro12"/> Critically, the album was described as Carey's best to date. ''The New York Times'' named it one of 1995's best albums and concluded: "[the album] brings R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement ... Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."<ref name="nytimes"/> The album's lead single, "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", became the first single by a female artist to debut at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100,<ref name="nickson35"/> and the second single, "[[One Sweet Day]]", a collaboration with R&B group [[Boyz II Men]], remained atop the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for a record-breaking 16 consecutive weeks, becoming, at the time, the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|longest-running number-one song in the history of the charts]].<ref name="nickson36"/> The third single, "[[Always Be My Baby]]", became Carey's eleventh chart-topper, tying her with [[Madonna]] and [[Whitney Houston]] for the most number-one singles among female artists at the time. ''Daydream'' became Carey's biggest-selling album in the United States,<ref name="syQhG"/> and her second album to be certified [[RIAA Certification|Diamond]] by the RIAA, after ''Music Box''.<ref name="riaa"/> The album continued Carey's dominance in Asian music markets and sold in excess of 2.2 million copies in Japan alone and over 20 million copies globally.<ref name="daydreamjapan">{{cite web|title=Top > Discography > Daydream|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SICP-30795|publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|access-date=December 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230231043/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/artist/MariahCarey/discography/SICP-30795|archive-date=December 30, 2018|language=ja|date=June 24, 2015|quote=Over 25 million copies worldwide have been sold so far, and 2.2 million copies have been sold in Japan.}}</ref><ref name="BET.com Exclusive: Mariah Celebrates 20 Years; Thanks Fans"/> ''Daydream'' and its singles were nominated in six categories at the [[38th Grammy Awards]].<ref name="shapiro16"/> Though considered a favorite to win the top awards of the evening, Carey was shut out, prompting her to comment "What can you do? I will never be disappointed again."<ref name="shapiro17"/> In early 1996, she embarked on her first international string of concerts, the [[Daydream World Tour]]. Its seven dates spanned three in Japan and four throughout Europe.<ref name="nickson100"/> ''[[Forbes]]'' named Carey the [[Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians#Female|top-earning female musician of 1996]], collecting an estimated $32 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gerhart |first=Ann |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/09/09/yoga-teacher-makes-peace-in-cleveland-park/62b3c7f2-2c00-400c-9123-3c59377d7475/ |title=Yoga Teacher Makes Peace In Cleveland Park |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 1996 |access-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730025641/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/09/09/yoga-teacher-makes-peace-in-cleveland-park/62b3c7f2-2c00-400c-9123-3c59377d7475/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During the recording of ''Daydream'', Carey also worked on the alternative rock album ''[[Someone's Ugly Daughter]]'' by the band Chick, contributing writing, production, vocals and art direction. As Columbia Records refused to release the album with her lead vocals, Carey's friend Clarissa Dane was brought in to become the face of Chick, and her vocals were layered on top of Carey's, masking her voice.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Story Behind Mariah Carey's Secret '90s Alt-Rock Album|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-story-behind-mariah-careys-secret-90s-alt-rock-album/|publisher=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=July 11, 2021|date=May 21, 2021|quote=Behind-the-scenes collaborators detail the making of the icon's liberating side project, Chick's Someone's Ugly Daughter.|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711141418/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-story-behind-mariah-careys-secret-90s-alt-rock-album/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey also directed the music video for the Chick song "Malibu". According to Carey, "I was playing with the style of the breezy-grunge, punk-light white female singers who were popular at the time ... I totally looked forward to doing my alter-ego band sessions after ''Daydream'' each night."<ref name="Minsker-2020"/> Her contributions were secret until the release of her 2020 memoir ''[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]].''<ref name="Minsker-2020">{{Cite web|last=Minsker|first=Evan|title=Mariah Carey Reveals Secret Work on 1995 Alternative Rock Album|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-reveals-secret-appearance-on-1995-alternative-rock-album/|date=September 27, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020|website=Pitchfork|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928190041/https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-reveals-secret-appearance-on-1995-alternative-rock-album/|url-status=live}}</ref> === 1997–2000: New image with ''Butterfly'', and ''Rainbow'' === Carey's subsequent musical releases followed the trend that began with ''Daydream''. Her music began relying less on pop and adult contemporary-tinged balladry and instead incorporating heavy elements of hip-hop and R&B. On ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'', Carey collaborated with a bevy of producers other than Afanasieff, such as [[Sean Combs]], [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]], [[Missy Elliott]] and Jean Claude Oliver and Samuel Barnes from [[Trackmasters]].<ref name="nickson40"/> In mid-1997, after four years of marriage, Carey and Mottola separated. Carey described Mottola as increasingly controlling, and viewed her newfound independence as a new lease on life.<ref name="nickson41"/> In the booklet of her twelfth studio album, ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'' (2009), Carey wrote that she considers ''Butterfly'' her ''[[Masterpiece|magnum opus]]'' and a turning point in both her life and career. ''Butterfly'' introduced a more subdued style of singing, with critics noting Carey's incorporation of [[Breathy voice|breathy vocals]].<ref name="L2U7u"/> Some viewed her lack of propensity to use her upper range as a sign of maturity,<ref name="buff"/> while others questioned whether it forebode waning vocal prowess.<ref name="Iox35"/><ref name="shapiro18"/> The music video for the album's lead single, "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]", her first since separating from Mottola, introduced a more overtly sexual image.<ref name="shapiro19"/> ''Butterfly'' became Carey's best-reviewed album, with attention placed on the album's exploration of more mature lyrical themes. In their review of the album, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wrote "[It's] not as if Carey has totally dispensed with her old saccharine, Houston-style balladry ... but the predominant mood of 'Butterfly' is one of coolly erotic reverie."<ref name="UjjXX"/> AllMusic editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] described Carey's vocals as "sultrier and more controlled than ever," and felt the album "illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity among her '90s peers.'"<ref name="all"/> "Honey" and "[[My All]]", the album's fifth single, both topped the Hot 100, making Carey a female artist with the most number-one singles in the chart's history. Though a commercial success, ''Butterfly'' failed to reach the commercial heights of her previous albums, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream''.<ref name="shapiro20"/> After concluding her [[Butterfly World Tour]], Carey participated in the [[VH1 Divas]] [[benefit concert]] on April 14, 1998, where she sang alongside [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Celine Dion]], [[Shania Twain]], [[Gloria Estefan]], and [[Carole King]].<ref name="divas"/> Carey began conceptualizing a film project ''All That Glitters'', later re-titled to simply ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001),<ref name="boston"/> and wrote songs for other projects, such as ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]'' (1997) and ''[[Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)|How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]'' (2000).<ref name="shapiro21"/> After ''Glitter'' fell into [[development hell|developmental hell]], Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album.<ref name="shapiro21"/> [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music]] executives insisted she prepare a greatest hits collection in time for the holiday season.<ref name="shapiro22"/> The album, titled ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|#1's]]'' (1998), featured a cover of [[Brenda K. Starr]]'s "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)|I Still Believe]]" and a duet with [[Whitney Houston]], "[[When You Believe]]", which was included on the soundtrack for ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="shapiro23"/> ''#1's'' became a phenomenon in Japan, selling over one million copies in its opening week, making Carey the only international artist to accomplish this feat.<ref name="japansales"/> It sold over 3.25 million copies in Japan in its first three months, and holds the record as the [[List of best-selling albums in Japan|best-selling album]] by a non-Asian artist.<ref name="japansales"/> [[File:Mariah Carey in Cannes, 2000.png|thumb|left|upright|Carey being interviewed in [[Cannes]] in 2000]] With only one album left to fulfill her contract with Sony, and with a burning desire to separate herself professionally from the record label her ex-husband still headed, Carey completed the album in three months in mid-1999.<ref name="shapiro6">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=75}}</ref> Titled ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'', the album found Carey exploring with producers whom she had not worked with before. ''Rainbow'' became Carey's first album to not feature a collaboration with her longtime writing partner, [[Walter Afanasieff]]; instead she chose to work with [[David Foster]] and [[Diane Warren]]. "[[Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)|Heartbreaker]]" and "[[Thank God I Found You]]" both topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, while a collaboration with Irish boy band [[Westlife]] on the cover of [[Phil Collins]]' "[[Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)]]" became Carey's second number-one hit on the UK charts. ''Rainbow'' was released on November 2, 1999, to the highest first-week sales of her career at the time; however, debuting at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200.<ref name="shapiro30"/> Carey's tense relationship with Columbia grew increasingly fractious; she began posting messages on her website, sharing inside information with fans on the dispute, as well as instructing them to request "[[Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)]]" on radio stations.<ref name="shapiro28"/> Ultimately, the song was only given a very limited and low-promotion release.<ref name="shapiro29"/> Critical reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally positive, with the general consensus finding: "what began on ''Butterfly'' as a departure ends up on ''Rainbow'' a progression – perhaps the first compelling proof of Carey's true colors as an artist."<ref name=ew>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,271534,00.html|title=Mariah Carey – Rainbow|last=Smith|first=Danyel|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 12, 1999|access-date=March 8, 2011|archive-date=May 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521001925/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,271534,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Though a commercial success, ''Rainbow'' became Carey's lowest selling album at that point in her career.<ref name="fox"/> On April 9, 2000, Carey participated in another [[VH1 Divas]] concert, in a tribute to [[Diana Ross]]. === 2001–2004: Personal and professional setbacks, ''Glitter'' and ''Charmbracelet'' === Carey received [[Billboard Decade-End#1990s|''Billboard''{{'}}s Artist of the Decade Award]] and the [[World Music Awards|World Music Award for Best-Selling Pop Female Artist of the Millennium]],<ref name="bestselling"/> and parted from Columbia Records. She signed an unprecedented $80 million five-album recording contract with [[Virgin Records America|Virgin Records]] ([[EMI Records]]) in April 2001.<ref name="emi"/><ref name="contract"/> ''[[Glitter (Mariah Carey album)|Glitter]]'' was a musical departure, recreating a 1980s [[post-disco]] era to accompany the film, set in 1983. Carey was given full conceptual and creative control over the project.<ref name="emi"/> She said that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Carey's three-year relationship with Latin singer [[Luis Miguel]] ended.<ref name="Luis Miguel Relationship"/> In July 2001, Carey suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She began posting disturbing messages on her website, and behaved erratically in live promotional outings.<ref name="nyc"/> On July 19, she made a surprise appearance on the [[MTV]] program ''[[Total Request Live]]'' (TRL).<ref name="hospital"/> As the show's host [[Carson Daly]] began taping following a commercial break, Carey came out pushing an ice cream cart while wearing a large men's shirt, and began a [[striptease]] in which she revealed a tight ensemble.<ref name="hospital"/> Days later, she posted irregular voice notes on her website: "I'm trying to understand things in life right now and so I really don't feel that I should be doing music right now. What I'd like to do is just a take a little break or at least get one night of sleep without someone popping up about a video. All I really want is [to] just be me and that's what I should have done in the first place ... I don't say this much but guess what, I don't take care of myself."<ref name="hospital"/> Following the quick removal of the messages, Carey's representative Cindi Berger commented that Carey had been "obviously exhausted and not thinking clearly" when she posted the letters.<ref name="hospital2"/> [[File:Mariah Carey 2003 tour 1.jpg|thumb|right|Carey performing "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" during her [[Charmbracelet World Tour]] in September 2003]] On July 26, Carey was hospitalized due to exhaustion and a "physical and emotional breakdown".<ref name="respect"/> She was admitted to a hospital in Connecticut and remained under doctor's care for two weeks, followed by an extended absence from the public.<ref name="respect"/> Virgin Records and [[20th Century Fox]] delayed the release of ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack.<ref name="hospital2"/><ref name="daily2"/> Critics panned ''Glitter'' and its soundtrack; both were unsuccessful commercially.<ref name="V1ZD9"/> The [[Glitter (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] became Carey's lowest-selling album to that point. The ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on [her] career."<ref name="kLewn"/> She attributed the poor performance to her state of mind, its postponement and the soundtrack having been released on [[September 11 attacks|September 11]].<ref name="ONvmI"/> Carey's record deal with Virgin Records was bought out for $28 million.<ref name="emi"/><ref name="contract"/> She flew to [[Capri]], Italy, for five months, where she wrote material for a new album.<ref name="nyc"/> She described her time at Virgin "a complete and total stress-fest ... I made a total snap decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."<ref name="NTJYI"/> She signed a contract with [[Island Records]], valued at more than $24 million,<ref name="xVDsg">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/mariah-carey-and-universal-agree-to-terms-of-record-deal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610015420/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/mariah-carey-and-universal-agree-to-terms-of-record-deal.html |archive-date=June 10, 2009 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Mariah Carey And Universal Agree to Terms of Record Deal|last=Holson|first=Lisa|work=The New York Times|date=February 21, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> and launched the record label [[MonarC]]. Carey's father, Alfred Roy, with whom she had had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.<ref name="BDtis"/> In 2002, Carey was cast in the independent film ''[[WiseGirls]]'' alongside [[Mira Sorvino]] and [[Melora Walters]], who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant. It premiered at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], and received negative reviews, though Carey's performance was praised; Roger Friedman of [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] described her as "a [[Thelma Ritter]] for the new millennium", and wrote, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs."<ref name="07m02"/> In December 2002, Carey released her ninth studio album, ''[[Charmbracelet]]'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.<ref name="stand"/> Sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under criticism. Joan Anderson from ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' declared the album "the worst of her career, and revealed a voice [that is] no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",<ref name="7HMqX"/> while AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote, "Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. She can no longer coo or softly croon nor can she perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs."<ref name="lswjd"/> To support the album, Carey embarked on the [[Charmbracelet World Tour]], spanning North America and East Asia over three months.<ref name="vh2"/> The United States shows were booked in theaters. She described the show as "much more intimate so you'll feel like you had an experience. You experience a night with me."<ref name="vh1"/> While smaller venues were booked throughout the tour's stateside leg, Carey performed in stadiums in Asia and Europe, playing for a crowd of over 35,000 in Manila, 50,000 in Malaysia, and to over 70,000 people in China.<ref name="wiauS"/> In the United Kingdom, it was her first tour to feature shows outside London, booking arena stops in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester.<ref name="Rjd4H"/> The tour garnered generally positive reviews, with many praising the production and the quality of Carey's vocals.<ref name="asilo"/> === 2005–2007: Resurgence with ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' === [[File:Mariah Carey & L.A. Reid 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey, pictured with former [[Island Records]] head [[L.A. Reid]], at the release party for ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' in 2005]] Carey's tenth studio album, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' in 2005, was produced with [[the Neptunes]], [[Kanye West]] and Carey's longtime collaborator, [[Jermaine Dupri]]. She described the album as "very much like a party record ... the process of putting on makeup and getting ready to go out ... I wanted to make a record that was reflective of that."<ref name="viber"/> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' topped the charts in the United States, becoming Carey's fifth number-one album and first since ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997), and was warmly accepted by critics. Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' defined it as "cool, focused and urban [... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again,"<ref name="C7SHn"/> while ''[[USA Today]]''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote, "The [songs] truly reflect the renewed confidence of a songbird who has taken her shots and kept on flying."<ref name="hTNKe"/> The album's second single, "[[We Belong Together]]", became a "career re-defining"<ref name="promo"/> song for Carey, after a relatively unsuccessful period and a point when many critics had considered her career over.<ref name="autogenerated5"/> Music critics heralded the song as her "return to form,"<ref name="slanter"/> as well as the "return of The Voice,"<ref name="slanter"/> while many felt it would revive "faith" in Carey's potential as a [[ballad]]eer.<ref name="viber"/> "We Belong Together" broke several records in the United States and became Carey's sixteenth chart topper on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name="records"/> After staying at number one for fourteen non-consecutive weeks, the song became the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|second-longest-running number one song in US chart history]], behind Carey's 1996 collaboration with [[Boyz II Men]], "[[One Sweet Day]]".<ref name="records"/> ''Billboard'' listed it as the "song of the decade" and the ninth most popular song of all time.<ref name="yahoosales"/> The song broke several airplay records, and according to Nielsen BDS, and gathered both the largest one-day and one-week audiences in history.<ref name="QmzjW"/> During the week of September 25, 2005, Carey set another record, becoming the first woman to occupy the first two spots atop the Hot 100, as "We Belong Together" remained at number one, and her next single, "[[Shake It Off (Mariah Carey song)|Shake It Off]]", moved into the number two spot ([[Ashanti (singer)|Ashanti]] had topped the chart in 2002 while being a "featured" singer on the number two single).<ref name="records"/> On the [[Billboard Year-End|''Billboard'' Hot 100 Year-end Chart]] of 2005, "We Belong Together" was declared the number one song, a first for Carey.<ref name="US_yearend"/> ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by ''Billboard''.<ref name="decade"/> The album was re-released as ''The Ultra Platinum Edition'', from which "[[Don't Forget About Us]]" became her seventeenth number-one hit. ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' earned ten [[Grammy Award]] nominations: eight in 2006 for the original release, the most received by Carey in a single year,<ref name="usaawards"/> and two in 2007 for the ''Ultra Platinum Edition''. Carey won [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album|Best Contemporary R&B Album]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]] and [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best R&B Song]] for "We Belong Together".<ref name="usaawards"/> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' was the best-selling album in the United States in 2005, with nearly five million units sold. It was the first album by a solo female artist to become the year's best-selling album since [[Alanis Morissette]]'s ''[[Jagged Little Pill]]'' in 1996.<ref name="ABrS6"/> At the end of 2005, the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]] reported that ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' had sold more than 7.7 million copies globally, and was the second-best-selling album of the year after [[Coldplay]]'s ''[[X&Y]]''.<ref name="world2005"/><ref name="c4e1v"/><ref name="Cnpo6"/> It has since sold 12 million copies worldwide.<ref name="autogenerated11"/> In support of the album, Carey embarked on her first headlining tour in three years, named [[The Adventures of Mimi]] after a "Carey-centric fan's" music diary.<ref name="H9Z0G"/> The tour spanned 40 dates, with 32 in the United States and Canada, two in Africa, and six in Japan.<ref name="mtvnews8"/> It received warm reception from music critics and concert goers, many of which celebrated the quality of Carey's vocals.<ref name="outshines"/><ref name="aLu19"/> === 2008–2009: ''E=MC²'', ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', and ''Precious'' === In early 2007, Carey began to work on her eleventh studio album, ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]''. Although the album was well received by most critics,<ref name="WA6Sk"/> some of them criticized it for being very similar to the formula used on ''The Emancipation of Mimi''.<ref name="angels"/> Two weeks before the album's release, "[[Touch My Body]]", the record's lead single, reached the top position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most number-one singles|most number one singles in United States history]], pushing her past [[Elvis Presley]] into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology.<ref name="mpEdo"/> Carey is second only to [[The Beatles]], who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones#Most cumulative weeks at number one|most weeks at number one in the ''Billboard'' chart history]]."<ref name="OGmfQ"/> [[File:Mariah Carey by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Carey at the 2008 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]]] ''E=MC²'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 463,000 copies sold, the biggest opening week sales of her career.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> In 2008, Carey also played an aspiring singer named Krystal in ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]''<ref name="wTYWf"/> and had a [[cameo appearance]] in [[Adam Sandler]]'s film ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'', playing herself.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Since the album's release, Carey had planned to embark on an extensive tour in support of ''E=MC²''.<ref name="mtvvid2"/> However, the tour was suddenly cancelled in early December 2008.<ref name="preg"/> Carey later stated that she had been pregnant during that time period, and suffered a miscarriage, hence she cancelled the tour.<ref name="42n3G"/><ref name="derschowitz1"/> On January 20, 2009, Carey performed "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" at the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|Neighborhood Inaugural Ball]] after [[Barack Obama]] was sworn as the first African-American president of the United States.<ref name="SEA2N"/> On July 7, 2009, Carey—alongside [[Trey Lorenz]]—performed her version of [[The Jackson 5]] song "[[I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)#Mariah Carey version|I'll Be There]]" at the memorial service for [[Michael Jackson]].<ref name="reuters"/> In 2009, she appeared as a [[social work]]er in ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'', the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel ''Push'' by [[Sapphire (author)|Sapphire]]. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, also for Carey's performance.<ref name="psG6u"/> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' described her acting as "pitch-perfect."<ref name="q3pCq"/> In January 2010, Carey won the Breakthrough Actress Performance Award for her role in ''Precious'' at the [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]].<ref name="Carey"/> On September 25, 2009, Carey's twelfth studio album, ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'', was released. Reception for the album was mostly mixed; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "her most interesting album in a decade,"<ref name="29pfs"/> while Jon Caramanica from ''[[The New York Times]]'' criticized Carey's vocal performances, decrying her overuse of her softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful lower and upper registers.<ref name="bixu7"/> Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the ''Billboard'' 200, and became the lowest-selling studio album of her career.<ref name="f4xsP"/> "[[Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)|Obsessed]]" served as the lead single,<ref name="recs"/> and debuted at number eleven in the US before peaked at number seven, and became Carey's 27th top-ten entry within the nation, tying her with [[Elton John]] and [[Janet Jackson]] for having the fifth most top-tens.<ref name="recs"/> Its follow-up single, a cover of [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]'s "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]", managed to break airplay records in Brazil. The song spent 27 weeks atop the [[Brasil Hot 100 Airplay]], making it the longest running song in the chart's history.<ref name="dCRom"/> On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked on her seventh concert tour, [[Angels Advocate Tour]], which visited the United States and Canada and ended on September 26, 2010.<ref name="rnhjk"/><ref name="aqkAa"/> A planned [[remix]] album of ''Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel'', titled ''Angels Advocate'', was slated for a March 30, 2010, release but was eventually cancelled.<ref name="DKViH"/> === 2010–2014: ''Merry Christmas II You'' and ''Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse'' === Following the cancellation of ''Angels Advocate'', it was announced that Carey would return to the studio to start work on her thirteenth studio album.<ref name="return"/> It was later revealed that it would be her second Christmas album, and follow-up to ''Merry Christmas''.<ref name="mimisales2"/> The release date for the album, titled ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'', was November 2, 2010;<ref name="4m0RV"/> the track list included six new songs as well as a remix of "All I Want for Christmas Is You".<ref name="ZWpes"/>{{better source|Herald Sun is not a reliable source, especially for BLPs|date=February 2024}} ''Merry Christmas II You'' debuted at number four on the ''Billboard'' 200 with sales of 56,000 copies, and number one on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top this chart.<ref name="0uhZV"/> In February 2011, she recorded a duet with [[Tony Bennett]] for his ''[[Duets II (Tony Bennett album)|Duets II]]'' album, titled "When Do The Bells Ring For Me?",<ref name="6rU9i"/> and re-recorded "All I Want for Christmas Is You" with [[Justin Bieber]] as a duet for his Christmas album, ''[[Under the Mistletoe]]''.<ref name="PUwC1"/><ref name="gB0XL"/> In November that year, Carey was included in the remix to the mixtape single "Warning" by [[Uncle Murda]]; the remix also features [[50 Cent]] and [[Young Jeezy]].<ref name="7H38K"/> Later that month, Carey released a duet with [[John Legend]] titled "[[When Christmas Comes]]", originally part of ''Merry Christmas II You''.<ref name="gF4Fd"/> [[File:MariahGMA.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey performing on ''[[Good Morning America]]'' in May 2013]] On March 1, 2012, Carey performed at [[New York City]]'s Gotham Hall; her first time performing since her pregnancy.<ref name="ZTMwo"/><ref name="NkhRe"/> She also performed a three-song set at a special fundraiser for US President [[Barack Obama]] held in New York's Plaza Hotel. A new song titled "Bring It On Home", which Carey wrote for the event to show her support for Obama's re-election campaign, was also performed.<ref name="QHmRC"/> In August 2012, she released a stand-alone single, "[[Triumphant (Get 'Em)]]", featuring rappers [[Rick Ross]] and [[Meek Mill]].<ref name="zlh9a"/> Carey joined the judging panel of the [[American Idol (season 12)|twelfth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]''.<ref name="highestpaid"/><ref name="HGhls"/> Throughout the show there were on-set disagreements between Carey and fellow judge [[Nicki Minaj]].<ref name="iagqS"/><ref name="oK2UH"/> Three years later, Carey did not make an appearance for its original series finale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariah-carey-says-american-idol-798771|title=Mariah Carey Says 'American Idol' "Was the Worst Experience of My Life"|last=Stone|first=Natalie|date=May 28, 2015|website=The Hollywood Reporter|quote=When questioned if she would return for the upcoming season 15 American Idol series finale on the radio show, Carey declined: "Hell no! Absolutely not. That was the worst experience of my life."|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021080655/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariah-carey-says-american-idol-798771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/american-idol-finale-ratings-rent-harmon-la-porsha-renae-1201734105/|title='American Idol' Series Finale Ratings Match Season 15 Debut With Best Result Since 2013 – Update|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=April 8, 2016|website=Deadline Hollywood|quote=Mariah Carey never made an appearance on the American Idol (3.0/10) series finale last night, but a lot of past judges, contestants and it turns out long-absent fans did.|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170550/https://deadline.com/2016/04/american-idol-finale-ratings-rent-harmon-la-porsha-renae-1201734105/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Carey appeared in [[Lee Daniels]]' film ''[[The Butler]]''<ref name="UXZgN"/> and made [[guest appearance|guest]] [[voice artist|voice]]-star as a [[redneck]] character on the adult animated series ''[[American Dad!]]''.<ref name="6IGLQ"/> In February 2013, Carey recorded and released a song called "[[Almost Home (Mariah Carey song)|Almost Home]]", for the soundtrack of the [[The Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] film ''[[Oz the Great and Powerful]]''. The video was directed by photographer [[David LaChapelle]].<ref name="4KW72"/><ref name="dxIiW"/> For her 14th album, Carey worked with producers including [[DJ Clue?]], [[Randy Jackson]], [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]], [[R. Kelly]], [[David Morales]], Afanasieff, Dupri, [[The-Dream]] and [[Da Brat]]. Carey told ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'': "It's about making sure I have tons of good music, because at the end of the day that's the most important thing... There are a lot more raw ballads than people might expect...there are also uptempo and signature-type songs that represent [my] different facets as an artist."<ref name="OGd7t"/> The lead single, "[[Beautiful (Mariah Carey song)|Beautiful]]", featuring singer [[Miguel (singer)|Miguel]], was released on May 6, 2013, and peaked at number 15 on the Hot 100.<ref name="64VX5"/> Carey taped a performance of "Beautiful" along with a medley of her greatest hits on May 15, 2013; the taping aired on the ''American Idol'' finale the following day.<ref name="EY7gS"/> The album, titled ''[[Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse]]'', was released on May 27, 2014.<ref name="hgG0W"/> In October 2014, Carey announced an annual residency show [[All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity]]. Originally performed at the [[Beacon Theatre (New York City)|Beacon Theatre]] in [[New York City]], the residency began on December 15, 2014, and ended on December 15, 2019, after completing eight legs and fifty-six shows in various countries around the world.<ref name="jTVtt"/> === 2015–2017: #1 to Infinity residency, television and film projects === On January 30, 2015, it was announced that Carey had left [[Universal Music Group]]'s Def Jam Recordings to reunite with [[L.A. Reid]] and Sony Music via [[Epic Records]].<ref name="O7cwL"/><ref name="7bGX3"/><ref name="9kecx"/> Carey also announced her new [[Number 1 to Infinity (concert residency)|#1 to Infinity]] residency at [[The Colosseum at Caesars Palace]] in [[Las Vegas]] the same month.<ref name="OytFb"/> To coincide with the residency, Carey released ''[[Number 1 to Infinity|#1 to Infinity]]'', a [[greatest hits]] [[compilation album]] containing all of her eighteen [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] number one singles at the time, along with a new recording, "[[Infinity (Mariah Carey song)|Infinity]]", which was released as a single on April 27.<ref name="PzgG0"/> In 2015 Carey had her [[directorial debut]] for the [[Hallmark Channel]] Christmas movie ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'', in which she also performed as one of the main characters.<ref name="ID3nD"/> In December 2015, Carey announced [[The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour]] which spanned a total of 27-dates beginning in March 2016, marking Carey's first major tour of mainland Europe in 13 years. Four stops included shows in South Africa.<ref name="gqfpe"/> The tour grossed $30.3 million.<ref name="Pollstar 2016 Year End"/> [[File:Mariah Carey 2016 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Carey attending [[Elton John]]'s [[Academy Awards]] Party in February 2016]] On March 15, 2016, Carey announced that she was filming ''[[Mariah's World]]'', a [[docu-series]] for the [[E!]] network documenting her Sweet Sweet Fantasy tour and her wedding planning process. Carey told ''[[The New York Times]]'', "I thought it would be a good opportunity to kind of, like, show my personality and who I am, even though I feel like my real fans have an idea of who I am... A lot of people have misperceptions about this and that."<ref name="ptMfl"/> The series premiered on December 4, 2016.<ref name="mlAXm"/> Carey guest starred on the musical drama ''[[Empire (2015 TV series)|Empire]]'', as a superstar singer named Kitty and sung the song "Infamous" featuring [[Jussie Smollett]].<ref name="LegLR"/> On December 5, 2016, Carey participated in the ''[[VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night|VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night]]'' benefit concert, alongside [[Vanessa Williams]], [[Chaka Khan]], [[Patti LaBelle]], and [[Teyana Taylor]].<ref name="vh1.com"/> On December 31, 2016, [[Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve#2017–2020: New Orleans expansion, Mariah Carey incident and return|Carey's performance]] on ''[[Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve]]'' in [[Times Square]] received worldwide attention after technical difficulties caused Carey's [[in-ear monitor]]s to malfunction, resulting in what ''The New York Times'' referred to as a "performance train wreck."<ref name="5eqQz"/> Carey cited her inability to hear the music without in-ear auditory feedback as the cause for the mishap.<ref name="6gRlu"/> Carey's representatives and [[Dick Clark Productions]] placed blame on each other.<ref name="NbZL3"/> On February 3, 2017, Carey released the single "[[I Don't (Mariah Carey song)|I Don't]]" featuring [[YG (rapper)|YG]].<ref name="Billboard Artwork"/> Later that month, she voiced the Mayor of Gotham City in the animated film ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]''.<ref name="CareyCast"/> In July 2017, Carey made a cameo in the comedy film ''[[Girls Trip]]''<ref name="OxmbP"/> and embarked on a tour with [[Lionel Richie]], titled, [[All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey)|All the Hits Tour]].<ref name="MAqsy"/> She was also featured in the official remix for [[French Montana]]'s single "[[Unforgettable (French Montana song)|Unforgettable]]", alongside [[Swae Lee]].<ref name="jwRwY"/> In October 2017, she released a new soundtrack single, "[[The Star (Mariah Carey song)|The Star]]", for the [[The Star (2017 film)|movie of the same name]].<ref name="1H5vo"/> The song was nominated for the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] at the [[75th Golden Globe Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/|title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=December 11, 2017|work=Variety|access-date=January 1, 2018|archive-date=December 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214021531/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey also developed an animated Christmas film, ''[[All I Want for Christmas Is You (film)|Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You]]'', for which she recorded an original song called "Lil' Snowman". The film was released [[direct-to-video]] on November 14, 2017.<ref name="ws5Lf"/><ref name="f7onU"/> On December 31, 2017, Carey returned to perform on ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve'' after the technical difficulties that hindered her previous performance, in what ''[[The New York Times]]'' described as a "made-for-television act of pop culture redemption".<ref>{{cite news|last=Deb|first=Sopan|title=Mariah Carey Redeems Herself on New Year's Eve in Times Square|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/01/arts/mariah-carey-new-years-eve.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101060656/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/01/arts/mariah-carey-new-years-eve.html |archive-date=January 1, 2018 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=September 17, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 1, 2018}}</ref> === 2018–2019: ''Caution'' and ''Merry Christmas'' reissue === [[File:MariahRAH270519-51 (49620845103) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Carey performing on her [[Caution World Tour]] in Amsterdam, June 2019]] In 2018, Carey signed a worldwide deal with [[Live Nation Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariah Carey Signs Major Deal With Live Nation Entertainment|url=http://thatgrapejuice.net/2018/05/mariah-carey-signs-major-deal-with-live-nation-entertainment/|website=ThatGrapeJuice|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=May 10, 2018|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224163230/https://thatgrapejuice.net/2018/05/mariah-carey-signs-major-deal-with-live-nation-entertainment/|url-status=live}}</ref> The first commitment out of the deal was her new Las Vegas residency, [[The Butterfly Returns]], which was launched in July 2018 to critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Carr|first=Mary Kate|title=Mariah Carey announces new Las Vegas residency 'The Butterfly Returns'|url=https://ew.com/music/2018/04/30/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306183138/https://ew.com/music/2018/04/30/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Sheckells|first=Melinda|title=Mariah Carey Kicks Off Her 'The Butterfly Returns' Vegas Residency With Strong Opening Weekend|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464350/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns-review|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308212554/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8464350/mariah-carey-las-vegas-residency-the-butterfly-returns-review|url-status=live}}</ref> Its first 12 shows in 2018 grossed $3.6 million, with dates later extending into 2019 and 2020.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Top 10 Highest Grossing Las Vegas Residencies Of All Time: Celine Dion, Britney Spears, Elton John and More|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8491648/highest-grossing-las-vegas-residencies|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=December 28, 2018|date=December 27, 2018|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205194734/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8491648/highest-grossing-las-vegas-residencies|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the residency, Carey embarked on her [[Mariah Carey: Live in Concert]] tour in Asia and returned to Europe with her All I Want for Christmas Is You concert series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariah Carey adds Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to 2018 Asia tour|url=https://asialive365.com/mariah-carey-kl-singapore-2018/|website=Asia Live 365|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710053009/https://asialive365.com/mariah-carey-kl-singapore-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ellwood-Hughes|first=Pip|title=Mariah Carey is bringing her All I Want for Christmas Is You Tour back to Europe this December|url=https://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/music-news/mariah-carey-is-bringing-her-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-tour-back-to-europe-this-december/|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=June 4, 2018|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710051242/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/music-news/mariah-carey-is-bringing-her-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-tour-back-to-europe-this-december/|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, Carey announced plans to release her fifteenth studio album later in the year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gillespie|first=Katherine|title=Mariah Carey Is Releasing New Music|url=http://www.papermag.com/mariah-carey-new-song-gtfo-2604261274.html|website=[[Paper (magazine)|Paper]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 12, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307192758/https://www.papermag.com/mariah-carey-new-song-gtfo-2604261274.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=LEGENDARY GLOBAL ICON MARIAH CAREY RETURNS WITH NEW MUSIC|url=https://www.epicrecords.com/legendary-global-icon-mariah-carey-returns-with-new-music/|website=[[Epic Records]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308150813/https://www.epicrecords.com/legendary-global-icon-mariah-carey-returns-with-new-music/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The project was announced alongside the release of a new song titled "[[GTFO (song)|GTFO]]",<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yoo|first1=Noah|last2=Monroe|first2=Jazz|title=Mariah Carey Returns With New Song From Album Out This Year: Listen|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-returns-with-new-song-from-album-out-this-year-listen/|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=September 13, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308081023/https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-returns-with-new-song-from-album-out-this-year-listen/|url-status=live}}</ref> which she performed on September 21, 2018, when she headlined the 2018 [[iHeartRadio Music Festival]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Aniftos|first=Rania|title=Justin Timberlake, Mariah Carey, Jack White & Carrie Underwood Lead iHeartRadio Music Festival 2018 Lineup|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8459350/iheartradio-music-festival-2018-lineup-justin-timberlake-mariah-carey|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 17, 2018|date=June 5, 2018|archive-date=September 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921002634/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8459350/iheartradio-music-festival-2018-lineup-justin-timberlake-mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> The album's lead single, "[[With You (Mariah Carey song)|With You]]", was released in October and performed for the first time at the [[American Music Awards of 2018]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey Performs New Single 'With You' for the First on TV at 2018 AMAs|url=https://www.billboard.com/video/mariah-carey-performs-new-single-with-you-for-the-first-on-tv-at-2018-amas-billboard-news|magazine=Billboard|access-date=October 16, 2018|date=October 9, 2018|archive-date=June 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611013418/https://www.billboard.com/video/mariah-carey-performs-new-single-with-you-for-the-first-on-tv-at-2018-amas-billboard-news|url-status=live}}</ref> The single became Carey's highest-charting non-holiday song on the US [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]] chart since "We Belong Together" in 2005. It was followed by a second single, "[[A No No]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8496466/mariah-carey-with-you-top-10-adult-contemporary-chart|title=Mariah Carey's 'With You' Becomes Her 23rd Top 10 on Adult Contemporary Chart|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=February 4, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 5, 2019|archive-date=February 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205012057/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8496466/mariah-carey-with-you-top-10-adult-contemporary-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> The album, titled ''[[Caution (Mariah Carey album)|Caution]]'', was released on November 16, 2018, and received universal acclaim from critics; it debuted at number five on the ''Billboard'' 200.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/caution/mariah-carey|title=Caution by Mariah Carey Critic Reviews and Tracks|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=November 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104856/https://www.metacritic.com/music/caution/mariah-carey|url-status=live}}</ref> By December 2018, the album had been featured on numerous year-end lists by music critics and publications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-10-best-albums-of-2018|title=Best of 2018: Music Critic Top Ten Lists|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 1, 2019|archive-date=January 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118141439/https://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-10-best-albums-of-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2019, Carey commenced the [[Caution World Tour]] in support of the album.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kelly |first=Tetris |title=Mariah Carey Kicks Off Caution World Tour With Resplendent Dallas Show: Watch Highlights |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/concerts/8500711/mariah-carey-caution-world-tour-dallas-concert-opening-night |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=March 20, 2019 |date=March 2019 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715164131/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/concerts/8500711/mariah-carey-caution-world-tour-dallas-concert-opening-night |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in 2019, Carey engaged in a series of business and television ventures. On September 18, 2019, Carey released "[[In the Mix (Mariah Carey song)|In the Mix]]", the theme song for the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom ''[[Mixed-ish]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8530291/mariah-carey-mixed-ish-theme-song-in-the-mix-music-video|title=Mariah Carey Unveils 'Mixed-Ish' Theme Song, 'In the Mix': Watch the Music Video|date=September 17, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028153137/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8530291/mariah-carey-mixed-ish-theme-song-in-the-mix-music-video|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 1, 2019, Carey re-released her holiday album ''Merry Christmas'' for its 25th anniversary. The album package included the original album and another disc which include live performances from Carey's 1994 concert at [[St. John the Divine]] Church, several tracks from ''Merry Christmas II You'', as well as other stand-alone singles such as "Lil Snowman" and "The Star".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8542005/mariah-carey-christmas-deluxe-album-video-unreleased-footage|title=It's November 1st, and Mariah Carey Has Decided 'It's Time' For Christmas With a Few Early Presents For Fans|date=November 1, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027153156/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8542005/mariah-carey-christmas-deluxe-album-video-unreleased-footage|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 5, 2019, it was announced that a mini-documentary titled ''Mariah Carey Is Christmas!'', charting the creation and subsequent cultural legacy of "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was to be produced and broadcast on Amazon Music; it premiered later that month.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-amazon-documentary-921853/|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Gets Its Own Amazon Documentary|last=Shaffer|first=Claire|date=December 4, 2019|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105013416/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-amazon-documentary-921853/|url-status=live}}</ref> Peaking at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for the first time the same year, the song ended up giving Carey her nineteenth chart-topper in the US, and it returned to its peak every holiday season since.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|title=Mariah Carey Is First Artist No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in Four Decades|date=December 30, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=December 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213359/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|url-status=live}}</ref> === 2020–2023: ''The Rarities'' and ''The Meaning of Mariah Carey'' === In January 2020, it was announced that Carey would be inducted into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/|title=Mariah Carey to be inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=January 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116201213/https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her memoir, ''[[The Meaning of Mariah Carey]]'' which was co-written with [[Michaela Angela Davis]], was published in September of the same year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Macpherson|first=Alex|date=September 29, 2020|title=The Meaning of Mariah Carey review – fascinating memoir by a misunderstood star|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/29/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-review-fascinating-memoir-by-a-misunderstood-star|access-date=October 3, 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003025108/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/29/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-review-fascinating-memoir-by-a-misunderstood-star|url-status=live}}</ref> It recounts an "improbable and inspiring journey of survival and resilience as she struggles through complex issues of race, identity, class, childhood, and family trauma during her meteoric rise to music superstardom".<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey to release 'unfiltered' memoir in September — here are all the details|first=Lauren|last=Huff|url=https://ew.com/books/mariah-carey-memoir-all-the-details/|date=July 9, 2020|access-date=July 25, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|archive-date=July 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725143602/https://ew.com/books/mariah-carey-memoir-all-the-details/|url-status=live}}</ref> The memoir became a number one [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller]] after its first week of release. Carey announced plans to celebrate the 30th anniversary of her debut album through the rest of 2020, in a promotional campaign billed "#MC30".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |title=Mariah Carey Shares Cryptic Teaser For 30th Anniversary Celebration of Debut Album |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9418743/mariah-carey-shares-debut-album-anniversary-teaser |magazine=Billboard |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929023858/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9418743/mariah-carey-shares-debut-album-anniversary-teaser |url-status=live }}</ref> The first release consisted of the live [[Extended Play|EP]] ''[[The Live Debut – 1990]]'' which was released on July 17, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Haylock |first=Zoe |title=Mariah Carey Launches a Weekly Celebration of Mariah Carey |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/mariah-carey-new-live-album-mc30.html |website=Vulture |date=July 17, 2020 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822073718/https://www.vulture.com/2020/07/mariah-carey-new-live-album-mc30.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 2, 2020, Carey released a compilation album titled ''[[The Rarities (Mariah Carey album)|The Rarities]]'', which includes rare and unreleased songs that Carey recorded at various stages of her career.<ref name="SAVETHEDAYMARIAH">{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-announces-rarities-album-new-song-out-this-week/|title=Mariah Carey Announces Rarities Album, Shares New Song|first=Jazz|last=Monroe|website=Pitchfork|date=August 19, 2020|access-date=August 19, 2020|archive-date=March 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301050438/https://pitchfork.com/news/mariah-carey-announces-rarities-album-new-song-out-this-week/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/19/entertainment/mariah-carey-the-rarities-album/index.html|title=Mariah Carey announces new album called 'The Rarities'|first=Chloe|last=Melas|agency=CNN|access-date=August 19, 2020|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819163952/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/19/entertainment/mariah-carey-the-rarities-album/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9458773/mariah-carey-the-rarities-stream-it-now|title=Mariah Carey Unveils 'The Rarities': Stream It Now|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027185549/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9458773/mariah-carey-the-rarities-stream-it-now/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its lead single, "[[Save the Day (Mariah Carey song)|Save the Day]]" featuring [[Lauryn Hill]], was released on August 20,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9437856/mariah-carey-save-the-day-lauryn-hill|title=Mariah Carey's Ms. Lauryn Hill Collab 'Save the Day' Is Here: Stream It Now|date=August 21, 2020|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823232157/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9437856/mariah-carey-save-the-day-lauryn-hill|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/904640683/hear-mariah-carey-sample-lauryn-hill-on-her-new-song-save-the-day|title=Hear Mariah Carey Sample Lauryn Hill On Her New Song, 'Save The Day'|newspaper=NPR|date=August 21, 2020|last=Touros|first=Cyrena|access-date=August 21, 2020|archive-date=March 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323073619/https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/904640683/hear-mariah-carey-sample-lauryn-hill-on-her-new-song-save-the-day|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-releases-new-single-save-the-day-with-lauryn-hill-off-of-upcoming-fall-album/|title=Mariah Carey Releases New Single 'Save the Day' with Lauryn Hill Off of Upcoming Fall Album|magazine=People|access-date=August 21, 2020|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823191519/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-releases-new-single-save-the-day-with-lauryn-hill-off-of-upcoming-fall-album/|url-status=live}}</ref> and its music video was released on September 13 as part of the airing of the [[U.S. Open tennis championships|US Open]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-save-the-day-performance-u-s-open-1058874/|title=Watch Mariah Carey's Debut 'Save the Day' Performance for U.S. Open|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003000259/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-save-the-day-performance-u-s-open-1058874/|url-status=live}}</ref> Four days later, the album's second single—a cover of [[Irene Cara]]'s "[[Out Here on My Own]]"—was released after being recorded by Carey in 2000.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9450884/mariah-carey-memoir-sneak-peek-fame-star|title=Mariah Carey Stans 'Fame' Star Irene Cara in Memoir Sneak Peek|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=November 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106181132/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9450884/mariah-carey-memoir-sneak-peek-fame-star|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9451590/mariah-carey-releases-fame-cover-out-here-on-my-own|title=Mariah Carey Wasn't Kidding About Loving 'Fame,' Listen to Her Irene Cara Cover|access-date=November 5, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003020215/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9451590/mariah-carey-releases-fame-cover-out-here-on-my-own|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of October, Carey was featured on [[Busta Rhymes]]' single "[[Where I Belong (Busta Rhymes song)|Where I Belong]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9476510/busta-rhymes-mariah-carey-where-i-belong/|title=Busta Rhymes Reunites With Mariah Carey on 'Where I Belong'|access-date=November 8, 2020|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212034902/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9476510/busta-rhymes-mariah-carey-where-i-belong/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's 2020 [[Christmas special]], ''[[Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special]]'', premiered on December 4, 2020, on [[Apple TV+]] along with a soundtrack. A new version of Carey's 2010 song "[[Oh Santa!]]", featuring [[Ariana Grande]] and [[Jennifer Hudson]], was released as a single the same day.<ref name="ChristmasSpecial2020">{{Cite web|title="Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special" debuts Friday, December 4 on Apple TV+|url=https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/news/2020/11/mariah-careys-magical-christmas-special-debuts-friday-december-4-on-apple-tv-together-with-the-full-companion-soundtrack-exclusively-on-apple-music|website=[[Apple TV+]] Press|access-date=November 20, 2020|date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=November 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118140644/https://www.apple.com/tv-pr/news/2020/11/mariah-careys-magical-christmas-special-debuts-friday-december-4-on-apple-tv-together-with-the-full-companion-soundtrack-exclusively-on-apple-music/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" topped the UK charts for the first time after spending a record 69 weeks in its top 40 prior to reaching the summit, becoming Carey's third number-one song in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-finally-reaches-uk-number-1-sets-official-chart-record__31838/|title=Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You finally reaches UK Number 1, sets Official Chart record|publisher=Official Charts Company|first=Rob|last=Copsey|date=December 11, 2020|access-date=April 19, 2021|archive-date=December 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225142433/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-finally-reaches-uk-number-1-sets-official-chart-record__31838/|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2021, Carey was featured on the track "[[Somewhat Loved]]" from [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]]' debut studio album ''[[Jam & Lewis: Volume One]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Heran |last=Mamo |title=Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis Are Reuniting With Mariah Carey for a New Single |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9581383/jimmy-jam-terry-lewis-somewhat-loved-mariah-carey-announced |magazine=Billboard |date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602184122/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9581383/jimmy-jam-terry-lewis-somewhat-loved-mariah-carey-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 5, 2021, Carey released "[[Fall in Love at Christmas]]", which features [[Khalid (singer)|Khalid]] and [[Kirk Franklin]]. The single was performed on her second Christmas special, ''Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues''.<ref name="NMEMCFILAC">{{Cite magazine|date=November 2, 2021|first=Tom|last=Skinner|title=Mariah Carey announces new festive single with Khalid, 'Fall In Love At Christmas'|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-khalid-christmas-collaboration-single-preview-3085082|access-date=November 2, 2021|magazine=NME|archive-date=November 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102111923/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-khalid-christmas-collaboration-single-preview-3085082|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey Toronto 2022 2.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Carey performing at [[Scotiabank Arena]] in December 2022]] On January 12, 2022, Carey announced a children's picture book titled ''[[The Christmas Princess (book)|The Christmas Princess]]'', co-written with Michaela Angela Davis and illustrated by Fuuji Takashi;<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Daly |first=Rhian |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey announces first children's book 'The Christmas Princess' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-announces-first-childrens-book-the-christmas-princess-3136291 |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=[[NME]] |publisher=NME Networks |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218123054/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-announces-first-childrens-book-the-christmas-princess-3136291 |url-status=live }}</ref> it was released in November that year.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Chan |first=Tim |date=November 25, 2022 |title=It's Time! Mariah Carey Officially Rings in Christmas With Launch of New Children's Book |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/books/mariah-carey-the-christmas-princess-childrens-book-1234622356/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101927/https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/books/mariah-carey-the-christmas-princess-childrens-book-1234622356/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In March, Carey was featured alongside [[DJ Khaled]] on the remix of [[Latto]]'s single "[[Big Energy]]", which interpolates Carey's 1995 single "Fantasy".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Teams Up With Latto on 'Big Energy' Remix: Listen to It Here |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-latto-big-energy-remix-listen-1235050060/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101929/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-latto-big-energy-remix-listen-1235050060/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April, an online [[MasterClass]] [[Online course|course]] based on singing, in which Carey served as a vocal coach, was released.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Announces MasterClass Course: 'You're Going to Rock This' |url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-masterclass-course-1235057948/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101927/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-masterclass-course-1235057948/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A re-recorded version of Carey's 1998 single, "The Roof", featuring [[Brandy Norwood]], was made available exclusively to Masterclass subscribers.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Irvin |first1=Jack |last2=Sheeler |first2=Jason |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Re-Records Fan-Favorite Song 'The Roof' with Brandy for New MasterClass: 'It Was a No-Brainer' |url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-re-records-1997-song-the-roof-with-brandy-for-new-masterclass/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=People |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101928/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-re-records-1997-song-the-roof-with-brandy-for-new-masterclass/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lonsdale |first=John |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Mimi's MasterClass: Mariah Carey Takes Fans Inside Her Studio for New Online Series |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-masterclass-watch-online-1336683/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002134252/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-masterclass-watch-online-1336683/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that month, [[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|''Number 1's'']] was released on vinyl as a [[Record Store Day]] exclusive and re-entered the top 20 of the [[Billboard 200]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=February 16, 2022 |title=Taylor Swift, Prince & Mariah Carey Exclusive Record Store Day 2022 Releases Announced |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/record-store-day-2022-list-1235032562/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101928/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/record-store-day-2022-list-1235032562/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Snider |first=Mike |date=April 22, 2022 |title=Record Store Day 2022: Exclusive vinyl releases out Saturday from Taylor Swift, Nicki Minaj and more |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2022/04/22/record-store-day-2022-list-vinyl/7401538001/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |newspaper=USA Today |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101928/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2022/04/22/record-store-day-2022-list-vinyl/7401538001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In June, Carey performed with Latto at the [[BET Awards 2022|2022 BET Awards]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lipshutz |first=Jason |date=June 27, 2022 |title=Latto Brings Out Mariah Carey for Surprise 'Big Energy' Remix Performance at 2022 BET Awards |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/latto-mariah-carey-surprise-big-energy-remix-2022-bet-awards-1235106663/ |access-date=December 27, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227101929/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/latto-mariah-carey-surprise-big-energy-remix-2022-bet-awards-1235106663/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 16, 2022, an expanded version of ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' was released for the 25th anniversary of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://retropopmagazine.com/mariah-carey-teases-butterfly-25th-anniversary-celebrations/|title=Mariah Carey teases 'Butterfly' 25th anniversary celebrations: 'Coming soon'|access-date=September 18, 2022|website=Retro Pop Magazine|date=July 31, 2022|archive-date=September 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171351/https://retropopmagazine.com/mariah-carey-teases-butterfly-25th-anniversary-celebrations/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-butterfly-25th-anniversary-1235139166/|title=Mariah Carey Rolls Out Surprises for 25th Anniversary of 'Butterfly'|access-date=September 18, 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915030612/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-butterfly-25th-anniversary-1235139166/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2022, Carey performed two pairs of shows at [[Scotiabank Arena]] in [[Toronto]] and [[Madison Square Garden]] in [[New York City]].<ref>* {{cite magazine|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|title=Mariah Carey Announces Pair of 'Merry Christmas to All' Concerts|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-two-merry-christmas-to-all-shows-1235160010/|magazine=Billboard|date=October 24, 2022|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024123519/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-two-merry-christmas-to-all-shows-1235160010/|url-status=live}} * {{Cite magazine |last=Muhammad |first=Latifah |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey's Holiday Spectacular: You Can Now Buy Tickets to 'Merry Christmas to All' |url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-concert-tickets-1235162846/ |access-date=December 23, 2022 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062950/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-concert-tickets-1235162846/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On December 20, 2022, a television special adapted from her shows in New York, titled ''[[Merry Christmas to All! Tour|Mariah Carey: Merry Christmas to All!]]'', aired on [[CBS]] and became the most watched program of its night, drawing in a total of 3.8 million viewers and a 0.4 demo rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitovich |first=Matt Webb |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Ratings: Grinch, Santa Claus Top Night in Demo, Mariah Draws Biggest Crowd |url=https://tvline.com/2022/12/21/ratings-mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-cbs/ |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=TVLine |archive-date=January 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102143226/https://tvline.com/2022/12/21/ratings-mariah-carey-merry-christmas-to-all-cbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey also served as a co-producer of ''[[Some Like It Hot (musical)|Some Like It Hot]]'' on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], a musical based on the 1959 comedy film ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''. Carey's show premiered on December 11, 2022, at the [[Shubert Theatre (Broadway)|Shubert Theatre]] in Manhattan, New York.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Huston |first=Caitlin |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Mariah Carey Joins Broadway Musical 'Some Like It Hot' as Co-Producer |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/mariah-carey-broadway-some-like-it-hot-co-producer-1235270629/ |access-date=April 21, 2023 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |archive-date=April 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421081225/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/mariah-carey-broadway-some-like-it-hot-co-producer-1235270629/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It earned her a nomination for the [[Tony Award for Best Musical]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=May 2, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey Celebrates Tony Nomination for 'Some Like It Hot' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-some-like-it-hot-tony-nomination-reaction-1235319859/ |access-date=May 2, 2023 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=May 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502205057/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-some-like-it-hot-tony-nomination-reaction-1235319859/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2023, the 2009 track "[[It's a Wrap (Mariah Carey song)|It's a Wrap]]" experienced a revival on [[TikTok]], prompting Carey to release an EP for the song, which included a new sped-up version.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey Drops 'It's a Wrap' EP After Song's Viral Revival |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mariah-carey-its-a-wrap-ep-stream-1235251750/ |access-date=March 16, 2023 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316114612/https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mariah-carey-its-a-wrap-ep-stream-1235251750/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 8, 2023, Carey released a deluxe version of ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' in celebration of the album's thirtieth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Mariah-Carey-to-Release-Music-Box-30th-Anniversary-Edition-20230831|title=Mariah Carey to Release 'Music Box' 30th Anniversary Edition|accessdate=September 1, 2023|website=Broadway World|date=August 31, 2023|last=Major|first=Michael|archive-date=September 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901043556/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmusic/article/Mariah-Carey-to-Release-Music-Box-30th-Anniversary-Edition-20230831|url-status=live}}</ref> A remix of "Workin Hard" by [[Terry Hunter]], which featured on the deluxe album, was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical|Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical]] at the [[66th Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=November 24, 2023 |publisher=Grammy Awards |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110180725/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live }}</ref>On November 19, 2023, Carey was awarded the [[Billboard Music Award for Chart Achievement]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Mariah Carey's 12-Year-Old Twins Present Her With a Special Billboard Music Award After Mom's Festive Holiday Performance |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-bbmas-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-1235473330/ |access-date=February 5, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205082600/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-bbmas-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-1235473330/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey embarked on her 16-date concert tour, [[Merry Christmas One and All!]], which concluded at Madison Square Garden on December 17, 2023.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Bowenbank|first=Starr|date=October 2, 2023|title=Mariah Carey Reveals Merry Christmas One & All! 2023 Tour Dates|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-dates-2023-1235430693/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=October 4, 2023|archive-date=October 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004045515/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-dates-2023-1235430693/|url-status=live}}</ref> The tour grossed approximately $30 million and sold more than 200,000 tickets.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Frankenberg |first=Eric |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Mariah Carey's 2023 Holiday Tour Scored Her Best Concert Attendance in 25 Years |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-2023-earns-30-million/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202013032/https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-one-and-all-tour-2023-earns-30-million/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === 2024–present: The Celebration of Mimi === On February 2, 2024, [[The Recording Academy]] announced that Carey would receive the [[Grammy Global Impact Award]], a CEO Award which recognizes "Black music creators whose dedication to the art form has greatly influenced the industry and whose legacy of service inspires countless individuals worldwide".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey To Receive Global Impact Award At Recording Academy Honors Presented By The Black Music Collective |url=https://grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Grammy Awards |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202011657/https://www.grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that month, Carey was nominated for induction into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sisario |first=Ben |date=February 10, 2024 |title=Cher, Mariah Carey and Sinead O'Connor Are Rock Hall Nominees |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/10/arts/music/rock-hall-fame-nominees-cher-mariah-sinead.html |access-date=February 12, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212012426/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/10/arts/music/rock-hall-fame-nominees-cher-mariah-sinead.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 16, 2024, Carey featured on the remix of [[Ariana Grande]]'s single, "[[Yes, And?]]", which was included in the "slightly deluxe" edition of Grande's seventh studio album ''[[Eternal Sunshine (album)|Eternal Sunshine]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Ariana Grande Releases 'Slightly Deluxe' Edition of 'Eternal Sunshine' With Mariah Carey, Troye Sivan Features |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/ariana-grande-slightly-deluxe-edition-eternal-sunshine-mariah-carey-troye-sivan-1235629656/ |access-date=March 13, 2024 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> On April 12, 2024 Carey began a new residency at the [[Dolby Live]] in [[Las Vegas]] titled [[The Celebration of Mimi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a60443131/mariah-carey-stylist-wilfredo-rosado-vegas-residency-costumes/|title=How Mariah Carey Is Capturing the Story of Her Career Through Costuming|accessdate=April 13, 2024|date=April 13, 2024|website=Harper's Bazaar|last=Calfee|first=Joel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-adds-8-dates-mimi-las-vegas-residency-1235653777/|title=Mariah Carey Adds Dates to Her ‘Celebration of Mimi Live in Las Vegas' Residency Run|website=Billboard|accessdate=April 13, 2024|date=April 13, 2024|last=Kaufman|first=Gil}}</ref> == Artistry == === Influences === {{multiple image | total_width = 230 | align = right | image1 = Stevie Wonder 1973.JPG | image2 = Aretha Franklin 1968.jpg | footer = Carey's major influences include [[Stevie Wonder]] (left) and [[Aretha Franklin]] (right). }} Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by [[Billie Holiday]], [[Sarah Vaughan]] as well as R&B and soul musicians including [[Al Green]], [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Gladys Knight]], [[Aretha Franklin]], and [[George Michael]].<ref name="black"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2018 |title=Mariah Carey: 'George Michael's death took a toll on me' |url=https://www.smoothradio.com/artists/george-michael/mariah-carey-tribute-interview/ |access-date=November 28, 2023 |website=Smooth Radio |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202051828/https://www.smoothradio.com/artists/george-michael/mariah-carey-tribute-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Her music contains strong influences of [[gospel music]], and she credits [[the Clark Sisters]], [[Shirley Caesar]], and [[Edwin Hawkins]] as the most influential in her early years.<ref name="black"/> When Carey incorporated [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told ''[[Newsweek]]'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music."{{sfn|Shapiro|2001|p=124}} She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as [[the Sugarhill Gang]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], the [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Mobb Deep]], with whom she collaborated on the single "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" (1998).<ref name="vinsky">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jisEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96|title=Higher and Higher|last=Willis|first=Andrew|work=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|date=November 18, 1998|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> Carey was heavily influenced by [[Minnie Riperton]], and began experimenting with the whistle register due to her original practice of the range.<ref name="vinsky"/> During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to [[Whitney Houston]], whom she has also cited as an influence.<ref name="FOX">{{Cite news|first=Roger|last=Friedman|title=Mariah Calls, Whitney Falls|date=December 18, 2002|agency=Fox News Channel|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,73318,00.html|access-date=April 25, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090604210447/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,73318,00.html | archive-date= June 4, 2009 | url-status=dead}}</ref> Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails... virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature [[middle of the road (music)|MOR]] [[torch song]]."<ref name="Mul">{{harvnb|Mulholland|2003|p=57}}</ref> Author and writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and [[Celine Dion]], and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection."<ref name="Mul"/> Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR."<ref name="Mul"/> Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey writes and produces her own music.<ref name="James">{{harvnb|James|2010|p=74}}</ref> === Musical style === [[File:Mariahparade2.jpg|thumb|right|Carey performing at the [[Walt Disney World]] Resort in 2010]] Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as loss, sex, race, abuse and spirituality.<ref name=ViceMC>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|title=Mariah, Our Living Meme, Deserves More Credit for Her Songwriting|last1=Mokoena|first1=Tshepo|last2=Ingold|first2=Jeffrey|date=November 16, 2018|magazine=Vice|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=July 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730040722/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/2005-05-05/music/i-gotta-be-mimi/|title=I Gotta Be 'Mimi'|last=Wilson|first=Cintra|work=[[LA Weekly]]|date=May 5, 2005|access-date=June 26, 2011|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307115120/http://www.laweekly.com/2005-05-05/music/i-gotta-be-mimi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's Christopher John Farley wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—[[NutraSweet]] soul. But her life has passion and conflict," applying it to the first stages of her career. He commented that as her albums progressed, so too her songwriting and music blossomed into more mature and meaningful material.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,134725,00.html|title=Pop's Princess Grows Up|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024110314/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,134725,00.html|archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Jim Faber of the ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]'', made similar comments, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."<ref name="uGMRL"/> While reviewing ''Music Box'', Stephen Holden from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' commented that Carey sang with "sustained passion," while Arion Berger of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that during some vocal moments, Carey becomes "too overwhelmed to put her passion into words."<ref name="g5NvI"/> In 2001, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' wrote that "Carey's [[Strawberry Shortcake]] soul still provides the template with which [[teen pop|teen-pop]] cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [[Diane Warren|[Diane] Warren]] ballads."<ref name="Q5Zfi"/> Following Carey's divorce with Tommy Mottola, Carey broke free of adult contemporary arrangements in favour of what Alex Macpherson of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described as "a lovingly crafted, hip-hop-inflected quiet storm".<ref name="auto">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/22/mariah-carey-where-to-start-in-her-back-catalogue|title=Mariah Carey: where to start in her back catalogue|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=The Guardian|archive-date=March 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330124124/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/22/mariah-carey-where-to-start-in-her-back-catalogue|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey often records her layered background vocals, which has been described as "a swooning bank of a hundred Mariahs".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|title=Mariah Carey, E=MC2|access-date=April 29, 2023|magazine=The Guardian|archive-date=April 30, 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190430105249/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/11/popandrock.alexispetridis|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer claims that "it's because I started out as a backup singer and doing sessions as a background vocalist learning from some of the greatest background vocalists, and also people like [[Luther Vandross]]. Growing up, I admired his texture in and of itself but also his use of background vocals".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/mariah-carey-secret-rock-album-prince-rolling-stone-podcast-interview-1234595524/|title=Why Mariah Carey Made a Secret Alt-Rock Album – and Four Other Things We Learned From Our New Podcast|access-date=April 29, 2023|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142840/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/mariah-carey-secret-rock-album-prince-rolling-stone-podcast-interview-1234595524/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[David Foster]] stated that Carey "thinks like a record producer and lays her vocals down like a virtuoso guitarist".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.fozfan.com/2004/08/15/after-tonight/|title=AFTER TONIGHT|access-date=April 29, 2023|magazine=Song of the Week|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142843/https://www.fozfan.com/2004/08/15/after-tonight/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's songwriting is noted for its "eccentric verbosity".<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/mariah-carey-the-ultimate-pop-diva-of-our-age-may-be-a-joke-but-shes-no-punchline-1.248645|title=Mariah Carey, the ultimate pop diva of our age, may be a joke but she's no punchline|access-date=May 29, 2014|magazine=The National News|archive-date=April 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422003959/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/mariah-carey-the-ultimate-pop-diva-of-our-age-may-be-a-joke-but-shes-no-punchline-1.248645|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://poprescue.com/2022/07/22/review-memoirs-of-an-imperfect-angel-by-mariah-carey-cd-2009/|title=REVIEW: "MEMOIRS OF AN IMPERFECT ANGEL" BY MARIAH CAREY (CD, 2009)|access-date=May 29, 2014|magazine=Pop Rescue|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722110141/https://poprescue.com/2022/07/22/review-memoirs-of-an-imperfect-angel-by-mariah-carey-cd-2009/|url-status=live}}</ref> Jeffrey Ingold of ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' argues that her lyrics are "among the most verbose in pop music."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|title=Mariah, Our Living Meme, Deserves More Credit for Her Songwriting|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Vice|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.vice.com/en/article/d3bp3k/mariah-carey-caution-songwriters-hall-fame-underrated|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's output makes use of [[electronic musical instrument|electronic instruments]] such as [[drum machine]]s,<ref name="viber"/> [[electronic keyboard|keyboards]] and synthesizers.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mariah-carey-emc2|title=Mariah Carey: E=MC² < Reviews|last=Sawey|first=Evan|work=[[PopMatters]]|date=May 1, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2010|archive-date=May 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525092023/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/mariah-carey-emc2|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of her songs contain piano-driven melodies,<ref name="rs">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariahs-e-mc2-a-first-listen-to-careys-eleventh-studio-album-20080228|title=Mariah's E=MC2: A First Listen to Carey's Eleventh Studio Album|last=Hoard|first=Christian|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=February 28, 2008|access-date=August 8, 2011|archive-date=August 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822083115/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mariahs-e-mc2-a-first-listen-to-careys-eleventh-studio-album-20080228|url-status=dead}}</ref> as she was given piano lessons when she was six years old.<ref name="nick3"/> Carey said that she cannot read [[sheet music]] and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less-conventional [[melody|melodies]] and [[chord progression]]s using this technique.<ref name="nick3"/> While Carey learned to play the piano at a young age, and incorporates several ranges of production and instrumentation into her music, she has maintained that her voice has always been her most important asset: "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."<ref name="shapiro20"/> Carey began commissioning [[remix]]es of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.<ref name="MTV-Oct2003">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901094755/http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/|archive-date=September 1, 2011|title=Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia|last=Norris|first=John|publisher=MTV|date=October 20, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Disc jockey [[David Morales]] has collaborated with Carey on several occasions, starting with "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into [[house music|house]] records, and which ''[[Slant Magazine|Slant]]'' magazine named one of the greatest dance songs.<ref name="xYM1F"/> From "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip-hop and house producers to re-structure her album compositions.<ref name="shapiro17"/> ''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005: a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a [[Sean Combs]] production featuring rapper [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]].<ref name="UrIRl"/> The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip-hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s, through artists such as [[Ashanti (singer)|Ashanti]] and [[Beyoncé]].<ref name="MTV-Oct2003"/> Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you."<ref name="viberness">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57|title=Cinderella Story|last=Willis|first=Andrew|work=Vibe|date=November 18, 1998|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> In an article in ''[[The New York Times]]'', writer [[David Browne (journalist)|David Browne]] discusses how the once-ubiquitous melisma pop style was heavily popularized by singers such as Carey. Browne commented, "beginning [in 1990], melisma overtook pop in a way it hadn't before. Mariah Carey's debut hit from 1990, "Vision of Love", [set] the bar insanely high for notes stretched louder, longer and knottier than most pop fans had ever heard." Browne further added "A subsequent generation of singers, including Ms. Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson and Beyoncé, built their careers around melisma. (Men like Brian McKnight and Tyrese also indulged in it, but women tended to dominate the form.)"<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html|work=The New York Times|first=David|last=Browne|title=Out With Mariah's Melisma, In With Kesha's Kick|date=August 10, 2010|access-date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=February 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201030211/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/arts/music/26browne.html?_r=2|url-status=live}}</ref> === Voice and timbre === Carey possesses a five-octave [[vocal range]].<ref name="autogenerated6">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8F8CB38C60AA77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Who Can Carey a Tune?|last=Zwecker|first=Bill|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=January 22, 2002|access-date=June 16, 2011|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224043110/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8F8CB38C60AA77&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KKHEv"/><ref name="E12Ji"/> Referred to as the "Songbird Supreme" by the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' due to her ability to sing in the [[whistle register]],<ref name="James"/> she was ranked as the greatest singer of the past twenty years in a 2003 [[MTV2]] online poll.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mariah Carey Hits a Really High Note on MTV2 List|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|work=[[USA Today]]|page=1E|date=March 14, 2003|id={{ProQuest|408944042}}}}</ref> Carey said of the result, "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/31/1048962696862.html|title=Princess Positive is Taking Care of Inner Mariah|last=Oleman|first=Sarah|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=April 1, 2003|accessdate=August 10, 2011|archive-date=August 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816082050/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/31/1048962696862.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' named her the fifth-greatest singer of all time and the "architect of modern pop".<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=January 1, 2023|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/|access-date=January 2, 2023|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-date=January 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101151200/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/|url-status=live}}</ref> Regarding her [[voice type|type of voice]], several critics have described her as a [[coloratura soprano#Lyric coloratura soprano|lyric coloratura soprano]] or just a soprano.<ref name="Ym1CZ"/><ref name="books.google.ca">{{Cite book|title=Rock-N-Roll Gold Rush|last=Dean|first=Maury|year=2003|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-207-1|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&q=whitney+houston&pg=PA87|access-date=November 16, 2020|archive-date=March 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309191259/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&q=whitney+houston&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jon Pareles]] of ''The New York Times'' described Carey's lower register as a "rich, husky alto" that extends to "dog-whistle high notes."<ref name="nytreview">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html|title=Review/Pop; Venturing Outside the Studio, Mariah Carey Proves Her Mettle|last=Pareles|first=Jon|work=The New York Times|date=December 13, 1993|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828121401/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey herself describes her voice as that of an alto singer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/oct/05/mariah-carey-theyre-calling-me-a-diva-i-think-im-going-to-cry |title=Mariah Carey: 'They're calling me a diva? I think I'm going to cry!' |newspaper=The Guardian |last=Freeman |first=Hadley |date=October 5, 2020 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225114109/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/oct/05/mariah-carey-theyre-calling-me-a-diva-i-think-im-going-to-cry |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasha Frere-Jones of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' adds her [[timbre]] on "[[Vision of Love]]" possesses various colors, stating, "Carey's sound changes with nearly every line, mutating from a steely tone to a vibrating growl and then to a humid, breathy coo."<ref name="newyorker"/> In an analysis of Carey's voice for [[Classic FM (UK)|ClassicFM]], singer [[Catherine Bott]] claims that Carey's [[chest voice]] could go up "higher in [[pitch (music)|pitch]] than any classical singer that [Botts had] ever met."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/music-theory/mariah-carey-singing-voice/ |title=A technical analysis of Mariah Carey's voice in 'Without You' |website=ClassicFM |last=Roberts |first=Maddy Shaw |date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224011301/https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/music-theory/mariah-carey-singing-voice/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Her sense of pitch is admired and Jon Pareles adds "she can linger over sensual turns, growl with playful confidence, syncopate like a [[scat singing|scat singer]]... with startlingly exact pitch."<ref name="nytreview"/> Carey claims that she has had [[Vocal cord nodule|nodules]] on her vocal cords since childhood, due to which she can sing in a higher register than others. However, tiredness and sleep deprivation can affect her vocals due to the nodules, and Carey explained that she went through a lot of practice as a child to maintain a balance during singing.<ref name="vinsky"/><ref name="3fqV5"/> Carey is noted for her vocal improvisation skills.<ref>{{harvnb|Soto-Morettini|2014|p=107}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://online.berklee.edu/takenote/vocal-improvisation-techniques-famous-pop-rb-singers/|title=Vocal Improvisation Techniques of Famous Pop and R&B Singers|last=Goodman|first=Gabrielle|date=August 25, 2022|publisher=[[Berklee College of Music]]|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428045056/https://online.berklee.edu/takenote/vocal-improvisation-techniques-famous-pop-rb-singers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey stated in a 2021 interview with the ''[[Daily Express]]'' that with her voice, it's all about "timing, vocal rest and sleep".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/1415805/mariah-carey-voice-nodules-nodes-interview-pandemic-albums-records-sold-grammys|title=Mariah Carey on voice condition which provides her unique five-octave vocal range|access-date=March 29, 2021|newspaper=Daily Express|date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=March 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329031320/https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/1415805/mariah-carey-voice-nodules-nodes-interview-pandemic-albums-records-sold-grammys|url-status=live}}</ref> Towards the late 1990s, Carey began incorporating [[Breathy voice|breathy vocals]] into her material.<ref name="charm">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2535321.stm|title=Carey Charm Offensive|last=Levell|first=Tim|agency=BBC News|date=December 2, 2002|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=August 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802122234/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2535321.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Tim Levell from BBC News described her vocals as "sultry close-to-the-mic breathiness,"<ref name="charm"/> while ''USA Today''{{'}}s Elysa Gardner wrote "it's impossible to deny the impact her vocal style, a florid blend of breathy riffing and resonant belting, has had on today's young pop and R&B stars."<ref name="gold">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2002-12-02-charmbracelet_x.htm|title=Carey Sounds Like 'Gold' on 'Charmbracelet'|last=Gardner|first=Elysa|newspaper=USA Today|date=December 22, 2002|access-date=August 3, 2011|archive-date=May 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527100229/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2002-12-02-charmbracelet_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, Ron Givens of ''Entertainment Weekly'' described it this way, "first, a rippling, soulful ooh comes rolling effortlessly from her throat: alto. Then, after a quick breath, she goes for the stratosphere, with a sound that nearly changes the barometric pressure in the room. In one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time."<ref name="siSJg"/> Winston Cook-Wilson wrote that "In her vocal prime, she was able to access upper-echelon dog-whistle notes even her forebear [[Minnie Riperton]] couldn't muster."<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.spin.com/2018/11/mariah-careys-caution-is-the-sound-of-a-legend-with-nothing-to-prove/|title=Mariah Carey's 'Caution' Proves There's Still No One Quite Like Her|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=May 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518042416/https://www.spin.com/2018/11/mariah-careys-caution-is-the-sound-of-a-legend-with-nothing-to-prove/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her phrasing in the whistle register can be heard in the 1999 ''Rainbow'' track "Bliss" and the singer was praised for her perfect pitch and clear enunciation.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theroot.com/18-mariah-carey-songs-you-ve-probably-never-heard-1790859289|title=18 Mariah Carey Songs You've Probably Never Heard|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=The Root|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175029/https://www.theroot.com/18-mariah-carey-songs-you-ve-probably-never-heard-1790859289|url-status=live}}</ref> Alex Macpherson of ''[[The Guardian]]'' noted that Carey's voice on ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' is "an instrument of texture rather than volume, with pillows of lavishly layered vocals and nuanced phrasing magnifying the emotional intensity of the songs."<ref name="auto"/> [[Randy Jackson]] said that "It's in the tone, that buttery tone that she has with her voice that is unbelievably amazing and unbelievably identifiable."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/pitn/date/2005-04-30/segment/01|title=Profiles of Mariah Carey and Usher|access-date=April 19, 2023|agency=CNN|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/pitn/date/2005-04-30/segment/01|url-status=live}}</ref> === Stage performances and videos === [[File:MariahRAH270519-32 (49620848628).jpg|thumb|Carey pressing her [[in-ear monitor]], while hitting a whistle note during her [[Caution World Tour]] in 2019]] Despite being called a "show stopper" and "the 1990s pop phenomenon",<ref name="CNNMCLP">{{Cite news|title=Mariah Carey walks off stage after technical snag|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/01/entertainment/mariah-carey-show-snag/index.html|agency=CNN|date=January 1, 2017|access-date=May 19, 2021|archive-date=May 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519092419/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/01/entertainment/mariah-carey-show-snag/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey suffered from stage fright in her early years in the music industry.<ref name="PaperMag1MC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.papermag.com/the-ultimate-diva-mariah-carey-1427528523.html|title=The Ultimate Diva: Mariah Carey|website=Paper Magazine|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=February 18, 2021|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127182100/https://www.papermag.com/the-ultimate-diva-mariah-carey-1427528523.html|url-status=live}}</ref> One of her earliest performances was at [[MTV Unplugged (Mariah Carey EP)|MTV Unplugged]], which received positive reception as Carey silenced critics saying her vocals were studio-made.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3017594/mariah-carey-unplugged-twenty-five-years/|title=Pay Homage to Mariah Carey's MTV Unplugged|access-date=February 18, 2021|agency=MTV News|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221337/http://www.mtv.com/news/3017594/mariah-carey-unplugged-twenty-five-years/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" rendition at the [[Super Bowl XXXVI]] was called "stunning" by ''Billboard''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8476545/mariah-carey-wants-to-do-super-bowl-halftime-show|title=Mariah Carey Says She'd 'Love' to Do a Super Bowl Halftime Show|access-date=February 18, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=February 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208014418/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8476545/mariah-carey-wants-to-do-super-bowl-halftime-show|url-status=live}}</ref> She also performed "[[America the Beautiful]]" at the [[1990 NBA Finals]] in which ''Rolling Stone'' writer, Brittany Spanos, stated the players were struck "with awe by the incredible talent of a burgeoning young star".<ref name="RollingStoneMC">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/mariah-carey-performances-vision-love-butterfly-999954/america-the-beautiful-1000028/|title=15 Incredible Mariah Carey Performances|date=February 19, 2021|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204926/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/mariah-carey-performances-vision-love-butterfly-999954/america-the-beautiful-1000028/|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer received the only standing ovation of the night at the [[48th Annual Grammy Awards]], after performing the medley of "We Belong Together and "[[Fly Like a Bird]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/983834771.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+09%2C+2006&author=Ben+Rayner&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Mariah+Carey%2C+meet+U2%2C+Kelly%3B+Comeback+stalled+as+U2+takes+five+Grammys+Canadians+come+up+empty-handed+at+awards+show&pqatl=google|title=Mariah Carey, Meet U2, Kelly; Comeback Stalled as U2 Takes five Grammys Canadians Come Up Empty-handed at Awards Show|author-link=Ben Rayner|last=Rayner|first=Ben|newspaper=Toronto Star|publisher=Torstar|date=December 9, 2005|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725044403/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/983834771.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+09%2C+2006&author=Ben+Rayner&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Mariah+Carey%2C+meet+U2%2C+Kelly%3B+Comeback+stalled+as+U2+takes+five+Grammys+Canadians+come+up+empty-handed+at+awards+show&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although Carey's performance at ''[[Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve|Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve 2017]]'' was marred by technical issues, she returned to the stage a year later and, according to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', "effectively redeemed herself".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5084034/mariah-carey-hot-tea-meme-nye-2018/|title=Mariah Carey's New Year's Eve Tea Disaster Is the Hottest Meme of 2018 So Far|date=January 2, 2018|magazine=Time|access-date=July 15, 2023|archive-date=July 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715212149/https://time.com/5084034/mariah-carey-hot-tea-meme-nye-2018/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey is known for being very static during her live performances; some reviewers credited her stage fright and lack of confidence as the reasoning,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2010/02/24/mariah-carey-gets-into-the-groove-at-gibson/|title=Mariah Carey gets into the groove at Gibson|publisher=The OCR|date=February 24, 2010|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204924/https://www.ocregister.com/2010/02/24/mariah-carey-gets-into-the-groove-at-gibson/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/mariah-carey-fans-worry-singer-can-t-actually-move-after-static-american-music-awards-performance-a3958001.html|title=Mariah Carey fans worry singer can't actually move after static American Music Awards performance|publisher=The Evening Standard|date=October 10, 2018|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210195803/https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/mariah-carey-fans-worry-singer-can-t-actually-move-after-static-american-music-awards-performance-a3958001.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while others pointed out that her performances focus on her vocals and the quality of her songs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertainment-focus.com/2014/02/26/watch-mariah-careys-bet-honors-performance/|title=Watch Mariah Carey's BET Honors Performance|publisher=Entertainment Focus|date=February 26, 2014|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111806/https://entertainment-focus.com/2014/02/26/watch-mariah-careys-bet-honors-performance/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her onstage hand gesticulations have usually been mimicked,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gossipcop.com/nick-cannons-daughter-monroe-channels-mom-mariah-carey-in-adorable-new-ad/2565559/|title=Nick Cannon's Daughter Monroe Channels Mom Mariah Carey In Adorable New Ad|publisher=Gossip Cop|date=July 21, 2021|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721175508/https://www.gossipcop.com/nick-cannons-daughter-monroe-channels-mom-mariah-carey-in-adorable-new-ad/2565559/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/11/13/flying-with-mariah-carey-at-borobudur.html|title=Flying with Mariah Carey at Borobudur|publisher=The Jakarta Post|date=November 13, 2018|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204925/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/11/13/flying-with-mariah-carey-at-borobudur.html|url-status=live}}</ref> as the singer has a tendency for "using her hands to point, flutter and sweep through the air as she deftly crests each run".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/why-wild-gesticulating-could-indicate-genius/75182/|title=WHY WILD GESTICULATING COULD INDICATE GENIUS|publisher=OZY|date=February 6, 2017|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204927/https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/why-wild-gesticulating-could-indicate-genius/75182/|url-status=dead}}</ref> When reviewing Carey's 2014 concert, Michael Lallo wrote that "If you're Mariah, you ... stroke your hair a lot. When a high note is on the horizon, you brace yourself by touching your ear and adopting a pained expression, provoking the crowd into losing its collective mind."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/mariah-carey-review-this-real-diva-knows-how-its-done-20141108-11j1na.html|title=Mariah Carey review: This real diva knows how it's done|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=November 8, 2014|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204926/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/mariah-carey-review-this-real-diva-knows-how-its-done-20141108-11j1na.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video for "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]" was the first that Carey directed entirely on her own.<ref name="nickson8"/> Carey had been open about the fact that she had not been happy with some of her previous music videos, and has subsequently been noted for self-directing and co-producing her subsequent videography.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Every Mariah Carey Music Video From 1990 to Today: Watch Her Evolution|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8480243/mariah-carey-music-video-evolution/|access-date=August 31, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=August 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184826/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8480243/mariah-carey-music-video-evolution/|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]" pushed Carey further towards hip hop and R&B than before.<ref name="nickson8">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=161–162}}</ref> The music video gained further attention, as Carey, for the first time in her career, was provocatively dressed, giving viewers a "taste of the freer Mariah."<ref name="nickson8"/> ''Billboard'' ranked Carey 73rd on its list of "The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time" in 2020, stating that "over three decades, [Carey] has gone from breezy girl next door, flaunting a denim collection as wide as her vocal range, to secret agent, runaway bride and even her own stalker in a collection of music videos that play like mini-dramas".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/9440075/100-best-music-video-artists|title=The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time: Staff List|magazine=Billboard|date=August 27, 2020|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=August 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827203952/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/9440075/100-best-music-video-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video for "[[The Roof (Back in Time)|The Roof]]" was ranked 18th on [[Slant Magazine]]'s "100 Greatest Music Videos.<ref name="100video">{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/feature/100-greatest-music-videos/205/page_9|title=100 Greatest Music Videos|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|date=June 30, 2003|access-date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=December 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221224506/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/feature/100-greatest-music-videos/205/page_9|url-status=live}}</ref> The music videos for "Honey" and "[[Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)|Heartbreaker]]" remain among the [[List of most expensive music videos|most expensive ever made]], costing over $2 million.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Carey|first1=Mariah|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1157767321|title=The meaning of Mariah Carey|date=2020|last2=Davis|first2=Michaela Angela|isbn=978-1-250-16468-1|edition=1st|pages=215|publisher=Henry Holt and Company |oclc=1157767321|access-date=July 4, 2022|archive-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503001726/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1157767321|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.uk.msn.com/photos/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=150253228&page=3|title=The Most Expensive Music Videos Ever Made: Mariah Carey – Heartbreaker|work=[[MSN Music]]|date=October 17, 2009|access-date=March 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809234423/http://music.uk.msn.com/photos/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=150253228&page=3|archive-date=August 9, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2021, Carey was honoured at the [[African American Film Critics Association]] with a Special Achievement Innovator Award for her "visual storytelling in her music videos and specials".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/mariah-carey-george-c-wolfe-aafca-special-achievement-awards-1234694514/|title=Mariah Carey, 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom's George C. Wolfe Nab AAFCA Special Achievement Awards|access-date=February 18, 2021|website=Deadline|date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=February 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217003840/https://deadline.com/2021/02/mariah-carey-george-c-wolfe-aafca-special-achievement-awards-1234694514/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Cultural status == === Public image === Carey has been called a [[pop icon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|title=Mariah Carey Might Be As Close to Pop Perfection As Pop Will Ever Allow|access-date=March 4, 2021|website=Vulture Magazine|date=December 8, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218040342/https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|title=Forever Mariah: An Interview With an Icon|work=Pitchfork|date=November 28, 2018|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107043251/https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|title=The Sweet Fantasy of the Female Pop Star|access-date=March 4, 2021|magazine=The New Republic|date=October 9, 2020|last=Livingstone|first=Jo|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210201301/https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|url-status=live}}</ref> and has been labeled a "[[diva]]" for her stardom and persona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9|title=20 of Mariah Carey's wildest and most diva moments|work=Insider|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111746/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9#when-she-subtly-dissed-madonna-1|url-status=live}}</ref> She said, "I have had diva moments, and then people can't handle it. I guess it's a little intense, because I come from a true diva: My mother is an opera singer. And that's a real diva, you know—Juilliard diva. And I mean it as a compliment, or I wouldn't be the person I am without experiencing that."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/whatson-story/7513645-mariah-carey-gets-diva-nature-from-her-mom/|title=Mariah Carey gets diva nature from her mom|work=[[Brampton Guardian]]|location=Ontario, Canada|date=August 21, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710102416/https://www.bramptonguardian.com/whatson-story/7513645-mariah-carey-gets-diva-nature-from-her-mom/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's fanbase is known as the "[[List of fandom names|Lambily]]", a [[portmanteau]] of "lamb" and "family".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/12/17/mariah-careys-devoted-lambily-celebrate-justiceforglitter|title=Mariah Carey's Devoted Lambily Celebrate #JusticeForGlitter|access-date=July 20, 2021|magazine=The New Yorker|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513123751/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/12/17/mariah-careys-devoted-lambily-celebrate-justiceforglitter|url-status=live}}</ref> With over 10 million followers as of April 2013, Carey is one of the most popular musicians on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/19/twitter-music-app-100-most-followed-musicians|title=The 100 most popular musicians on Twitter: get the full list|access-date=April 21, 2023|magazine=The Guardian|date=April 19, 2013|last=|first=|archive-date=April 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404191313/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/19/twitter-music-app-100-most-followed-musicians|url-status=live}}</ref> Her fans are credited with originating the internet term "[[Stan Twitter|skinny legend]]", used as a form of praise and endearment for their idol.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/skinny-legend-is-the-highest-praise-you-can-give-on-the-internet-right-now|title='Skinny Legend' Is the Highest Praise You Can Give on the Internet Right Now|access-date=April 21, 2023|magazine=Daily Beast|date=April 12, 2016|last=Lorenz|first=Taylor|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.thedailybeast.com/skinny-legend-is-the-highest-praise-you-can-give-on-the-internet-right-now|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Carey was named one of ''Time''{{'}}s [[Time 100|100 most influential artists and entertainers in the world]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735744,00.html|title=The 2008 TIME 100|access-date=April 12, 2021|magazine=Time|date=May 12, 2008|last=Wonder|first=Stevie|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506062802/https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735744,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0,29569,1733748,00.html|title=Complete List – The 2008 TIME 100|magazine=Time|access-date=April 12, 2021|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506093550/https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0,29569,1733748,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Now (newspaper)|NOW]]'' writer [[Kevin Hegge]] agreed that "Carey's influence is indisputable".<ref name="NOWMC1">{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|website=Now|access-date=April 12, 2021|title=Have We Been Underestimating Mariah Carey?|date=November 29, 2018|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412095413/https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey GMA 2005.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Carey performing "[[We Belong Together]]" on ''[[Good Morning America]]'' in 2005]] Her style has often been described as "eccentric" and "over the top".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|title=Mariah Carey's Ex Drops Some Major Truth Bombs About the Notorious Diva|date=May 27, 2015|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421191840/https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/mariah-careys-fabulous-birthday-advice-3470650|title=Mariah Carey's fabulous birthday advice: "Don't round up, round down, darling"|website=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=April 28, 2014|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/mariah-careys-fabulous-birthday-advice-3470650|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |title=Make Your Own Iconic Mariah Carey Album Title |last=Macsai |first=Dan |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 1, 2014 |access-date=May 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502151600/http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |archive-date=May 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Writer Noah Berlatsky noted that "Carey has always reveled in uber-feminine, girly imagery", with her album titles such as ''Butterfly'', ''Rainbow'', ''Glitter'' and ''Charmbracelet'' being prime examples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ravishly.com/2015/05/01/subversive-gender-message-mariah-careys-latest-music-video|title=The Subversive Gender Message In Mariah Carey's Latest Music Video|date=May 1, 2015|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190339/https://ravishly.com/2015/05/01/subversive-gender-message-mariah-careys-latest-music-video|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/could-mariah-carey-be-more-girly-668008|title=Could Mariah Carey BE more girly?|website=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=February 2, 2012|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/could-mariah-carey-be-more-girly-668008|url-status=live}}</ref> In her memoir, she stated, "I refuse to acknowledge time. (...) Not living based on time became a way to hold on to myself, to keep close and keep alive that inner child of mine. It's why I gravitate toward enduring characters like [[Santa Claus]], the [[Tooth fairy|Tooth Fairy]] and [[Tinker Bell]]. They remind me we can be timeless."<ref>Carey and Davis, preface</ref> Tom Breihan of ''[[Stereogum]]'' wrote in 2015 that "decades from now, we will be looking back at Mariah Carey as one of the most gloriously batshit pop stars of all time."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1797944/mariah-careys-best-friend-is-a-dolphin/news/|title=Mariah Carey's Best Friend Is A Dolphin|date=April 29, 2015|access-date=April 19, 2023|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420003638/https://www.stereogum.com/1797944/mariah-careys-best-friend-is-a-dolphin/news/|url-status=live}}</ref> As the biggest pop star in music by the mid-1990s, Carey's "first years as a pop star were extraordinarily fruitful but restrictive".<ref name="TBBMC">{{Cite web|url=https://theboombox.com/20-years-ago-mariah-carey-reinvents-herself-with-butterfly/|title=20 Years Ago: Mariah Carey Reinvents Herself With 'Butterfly'|access-date=November 24, 2020|website=The Boombox|date=September 16, 2017|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025052254/https://theboombox.com/20-years-ago-mariah-carey-reinvents-herself-with-butterfly/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1990s, after separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a more provocative and less conservative image than had been previously seen and began wearing more revealing clothes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fame10.com/entertainment/11-female-former-music-sex-symbols-from-the-90s/|title=11 (Female) Former Music Sex Symbols From The 90s|work=Fame10|date=June 13, 2014|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420210453/https://www.fame10.com/entertainment/11-female-former-music-sex-symbols-from-the-90s/|url-status=live}}</ref> She has since been described as a [[sex symbol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|title=The 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time|work=Complex|date=December 10, 2012|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=April 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422202531/https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer mentions [[Marilyn Monroe]] as one of her biggest idols and her "beauty icon", and she referenced Monroe in some of her music videos, such as "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)|I Still Believe]]" or "[[Don't Forget About Us]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/a-history-of-famous-women-whove-imitated-marilyn-monroe/4|title=A History of Famous Women Who've Imitated Marilyn Monroe|first=Tara|last=Aquino|date=November 14, 2011|access-date=June 4, 2021|magazine=Complex|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604213155/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/a-history-of-famous-women-whove-imitated-marilyn-monroe/4|url-status=live}}</ref> Her album ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' has been credited for revamping Carey's image as a pop star where she began to embrace [[hip hop]] and [[R&B]] themes and fully come into her own self, resulting in [[butterflies]] becoming a metaphorical symbol of her impact and legacy upon pop and R&B music.<ref name="TBBMC"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/12/arts/critic-s-notebook-in-the-pop-kingdom-flying-is-the-reigning-metaphor.html|title=Critic's Notebook; In the Pop Kingdom, Flying Is the Reigning Metaphor|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=The New York Times|date=November 12, 1997|last=Strauss|first=Neil|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204925/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/12/arts/critic-s-notebook-in-the-pop-kingdom-flying-is-the-reigning-metaphor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 2000s, Carey was a "tabloid fixture" and her [[Glitter (soundtrack)#Controversies|public breakdown]] during the promotion of her 2001 film, ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', became the "stuff of tabloid legend" according to Justin Curto, writer for ''[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]''.<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|title=10 Shocking Stories From Mariah Carey's Memoir|access-date=April 12, 2021|website=Vulture|date=September 30, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410235026/https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Her return to prominence in 2005 with the album ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' is regarded as one of the greatest musical comebacks in history.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-interview-the-emancipation-of-mimi-anniversary-9356111/|title=Mariah Carey on Why 2005's Iconic 'The Emancipation of Mimi' LP Was 'More Than a Comeback Album'|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175029/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-interview-the-emancipation-of-mimi-anniversary-9356111/|url-status=live}}</ref> After joining ''[[American Idol (season 12)|American Idol]]'' as a judge for the twelfth season, Carey became [[List of highest paid American television stars|one of the highest paid American television stars ever]].<ref name="Spin Magazine">{{cite web|last=Maloney|first=Devon|title=Mariah Carey's $18 Million 'Idol' Deal: How Does it Measure Up to Stars' TV Paydays?|url=http://www.spin.com/2012/07/mariah-careys-18-million-idol-deal-how-does-it-measure-stars-tv-paydays/|website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|access-date=July 4, 2017|date=July 24, 2012|archive-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621231852/http://www.spin.com/2012/07/mariah-careys-18-million-idol-deal-how-does-it-measure-stars-tv-paydays/|url-status=live}}</ref> Emilia Petrarca of ''[[W (magazine)|W]]'' stated that "Carey is uber-cautious about cultivating her public image" but that when it comes to style, she is "more do than don't".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/25-reasons-why-were-so-obsessed-with-mariah-carey-style|title=25 Reasons Why We're So Obsessed With Mariah Carey's Style|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=W|date=March 27, 2017|archive-date=June 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620140639/https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/25-reasons-why-were-so-obsessed-with-mariah-carey-style|url-status=live}}</ref> Several media outlets have called Carey the "Queen of [[throw shade|Shade]]".<ref name="nickiswiftMC1"/> When asked about American singer [[Jennifer Lopez]] in a German TV interview, Carey's response was, "[[I don't know her]]".<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref name="nickiswiftMC1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nickiswift.com/166046/what-really-went-down-with-jennifer-lopez-and-mariah-carey/|title=What Really Went Down With Jennifer Lopez And Mariah Carey?|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=Nicki Swift|date=September 13, 2019|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928211342/https://www.nickiswift.com/166046/what-really-went-down-with-jennifer-lopez-and-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> The clip became a viral [[internet meme]] and has been brought up in many other interviews with both of the singers.<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/mariah-carey-i-dont-know-her-meme|title=The Summer That "I Don't Know Her" Became the Most Crushing Celebrity Shade|access-date=July 20, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=September 9, 2016|archive-date=August 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805012911/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/mariah-carey-i-dont-know-her-meme|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialitelife.com/mariah-carey-explains-that-viral-i-dont-know-her-meme-about-jennifer-lopez/|title=Mariah Carey Explains That Viral 'I Don't Know Her' Meme About Jennifer Lopez|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=Socialite Life|date=November 29, 2018|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151626/https://socialitelife.com/mariah-carey-explains-that-viral-i-dont-know-her-meme-about-jennifer-lopez/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the release of "[[Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)|Obsessed]]", critics heavily compared its lyrics to [[Eminem]] who had negatively referenced her several times in songs, and suggested Carey alluded to him and his 'obsession' with her.<ref name=obsessed1>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-impersonates-eminem-on-tiktok-for-obsessed-anniversary-2973249|title=Mariah Carey impersonates Eminem on TikTok for 'Obsessed' anniversary|work=NME|access-date=July 20, 2021|date=June 18, 2021|first=Shaheem|last=Reid|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151848/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-impersonates-eminem-on-tiktok-for-obsessed-anniversary-2973249|url-status=live}}</ref> "Obsessed" never mentions the rapper's name, although reviewers felt it to be very obvious.<ref name=obsessed2>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1280864/mariah-carey-throws-shade-at-eminem-while-celebrating-obsessed-anniversary|title=Mariah Carey Throws Shade at Eminem While Celebrating "Obsessed" Anniversary|work=E!|access-date=July 20, 2020|date=June 17, 2021|first=Kisha|last=Forde|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724114639/https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1280864/mariah-carey-throws-shade-at-eminem-while-celebrating-obsessed-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, Carey played a role that resembled the rapper in the song's accompanying music video.<ref name=obsessed>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614088/mariah-careys-obsessed-directed-at-eminem.jhtml|title=Is Mariah Carey's 'Obsessed' Directed At Eminem?|work=MTV News|access-date=August 13, 2011|date=June 30, 2009|first=Shaheem|last=Reid|archive-date=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020164455/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614088/mariah-careys-obsessed-directed-at-eminem.jhtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to her large gay fanbase, Carey is recognized as a [[gay icon]] and her song "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" is regarded as an [[gay anthem|anthem]] among the gay community as it touches upon themes of embracing individuality and overcoming self-doubt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|title=The Heroism of Mariah Carey|work=The Rainbow Times|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712141804/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Carey herself, a lot of her gay fans admitted to also be growing up listening to her song "Outside" and relating to the feeling of isolation and unfitting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://the97.net/featured/the-butterfly-effect-mariah-discovers-the-art-of-letting-go/|title=THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT: MARIAH DISCOVERS THE ART OF LETTING GO|work=The 97|date=October 9, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2021|archive-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605222904/https://the97.net/featured/the-butterfly-effect-mariah-discovers-the-art-of-letting-go/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her diva persona has also given her much admiration from gay fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|title=How the Gay Icon in Music Has Evolved Since Mariah Carey|work=Vice|date=July 29, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710111024/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey was honored by [[GLAAD]] in 2016 with the GLAAD Ally Award for which she expressed gratitude to her LGBT+ fans. In her speech she thanked the community, "For the unconditional love ... I wish all of you love, peace, [and] harmony".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/143485/mariah-carey-just-explained-what-lgbtq-truly-stands-for-at-glaad-media-awards|title=Mariah Carey Just Explained What LGBTQ Truly Stands For at GLAAD Media Awards|work=Mic|date=May 15, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815055041/https://www.mic.com/articles/143485/mariah-carey-just-explained-what-lgbtq-truly-stands-for-at-glaad-media-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> Fashion has also been a part of Carey's image.<ref name="Grazia">{{Cite web|url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/trends/mariah-carey-1990s-style/|title=Mariah Carey's 1990s Outfits Are Actually A Brilliant Source Of Style Inspiration|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=Grazia|date=April 10, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113191650/https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/trends/mariah-carey-1990s-style/|url-status=live}}</ref> She was cited a [[fashion icons|fashion icon]] by ''[[Insider Inc.|Insider]]'' writer Susanna Heller who added that "her decadent closet spans multiple rooms and is full of designer clothing, lingerie, shoes, and accessories".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=Insider|title=43 Pictures that Show Mariah Carey's Glamorous Style Evolution|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111812/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|url-status=live}}</ref> ''CR Fashion Book'' writer Shepherd also stated that while her "sartorial aesthetic has shifted here and there ..., the music icon largely favors sexy, skin-baring, and often bedazzled looks.<ref name="CRFBMC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g26961358/mariah-carey-style-evolution/|title=Mariah Carey's Style Evolution|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=CR Fashion Book|date=March 27, 2019|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423001753/https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g26961358/mariah-carey-style-evolution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During her tours, she has frequently worn [[Jimmy Choo (company)|Jimmy Choo]] and [[Christian Louboutin]] high-end [[Stilletto heel|stiletto]] footwear,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/au/news/876638/take-a-look-inside-mariah-carey-s-enviable-closet|title=Take a Look Inside Mariah Carey's Enviable Closet|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710102413/https://www.eonline.com/au/news/876638/take-a-look-inside-mariah-carey-s-enviable-closet|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as [[leotard]]s, [[corset]]s, and [[fishnet]] tights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/mariah-carey-gym-look-fishnets-heels|title=Only Mariah Carey Could Get Away with Wearing This to the Gym|work=InStyle|date=February 3, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710110904/https://www.instyle.com/news/mariah-carey-gym-look-fishnets-heels|url-status=live}}</ref> Laura Antonia Jordan of ''[[Grazia]]'' called Carey fashion "royalty" and stated that in the 1990s, her go-to looks were "super-tight silhouettes, cropped tops, thigh-grazing hemlines and dangerously high slits."<ref name="Grazia"/> Carey has also been credited for beginning the trend of wearing [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]] in the early 2000s, after cutting off the [[waistband]] of the [[denim]] she wore for the music video of "Heartbreaker", which have since been described as "iconic".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/mariah-carey-jeans|title=How One Influencer Recreated Mariah Carey's Waistless Low-Rise Jeans With Help From Elvis Presley's Tailor|work=Vogue|date=December 4, 2021|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131500/https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/mariah-carey-jeans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-ended-wearing-those-182424619.html|title=This is how Mariah Carey ended up wearing those iconic jeans in the 'Heartbreaker" video|agency=Yahoo!|date=August 27, 2017|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131458/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-ended-wearing-those-182424619.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/celebrity/a12114504/mariah-carey-heartbreaker-jeans/|title=Mariah Carey still has the jeans she wore in the Heartbreaker video|magazine=Cosmopolitan|date=August 29, 2017|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423134502/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/celebrity/a12114504/mariah-carey-heartbreaker-jeans/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' writer [[Christian Allaire]] stated that in the latter half of her career, Carey has "rarely hit without her evening [[gowns]], often embellished with crystals, sequins, or feathers."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/mariah-carey-christmas-special-2020|title=A Closer Look At Mariah Carey's Festive, Fabulous Fashion For Her Holiday Special|magazine=Vogue|date=December 5, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131500/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/mariah-carey-christmas-special-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Queen of Christmas === {{see also|All I Want for Christmas Is You#Legacy}} [[File:Mariah_Carey - All I Want for Christmas Is You (2).jpg|thumb|Carey performing "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" at the 2013 [[National Christmas Tree (United States)|National Christmas Tree Lighting]] event in [[Washington, D.C.]]]] "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", as well as its parent album ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'', have become such a ubiquitous part of wider popular culture that Carey's name became synonymous with the season, and she has since been dubbed the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Christmas]]".<ref name="vogue.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|first=Michelle|last=Ruiz|title=The Enduring Magic of Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You"|magazine=Vogue|date=December 23, 2015|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128193559/https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|url-status=live}}</ref> Both the song and album have been hailed as being "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon" by publications such as ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/03/on-top|title=On Top|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|magazine=The New Yorker|date=March 27, 2006|access-date=June 15, 2019|issn=0028-792X|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711053617/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/03/on-top|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking to [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']] in 2015, [[Elvis Duran]] stated that the song's appeal was based on the fact that it was "a modern song that could actually have been a hit back in the '40s", praising its "timeless, classic quality".<ref name="vogue.com"/> The success of the song, in particular, has led Carey to build what [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] described as a "growing holiday mini-empire".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8031430/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-movie|title=Mariah Carey Reflects on 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' and Her Growing Holiday Mini-Empire|first=Deborah|last=Wilker|date=November 13, 2017|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=June 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616031231/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8031430/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-movie|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple media sources have referred to Carey as a modern holiday icon.<ref name="billboard.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|title=Mariah Carey's Christmas Looks: See All Her Best Outfits|magazine=Billboard|date=December 20, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423024307/https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|title=how mariah carey became the queen of christmas|work=Vice|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|title=Mariah Carey reveals lavish holiday plans with her kids - and they're so extra|work=Hello!|date=November 26, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|title=It's Mariah Season, Darling|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=November 25, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131459/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer has often incorporated holiday-themed outfits during her Christmas shows and music videos. ''Billboard'' noted that "each year, her reign gets grander and more festive. (...) Over the years, [Carey] has rocked nearly every shade of red for the season's fashions, from plunging gowns and floor-length coats to ensembles inspired by Santa, [[Mrs. Claus]] and ''[[The Nutcracker]]''{{'s}} [[nutcracker doll|toy soldiers]]. She's also a pro at pulling off winter white, whether she's wearing a snow-white dress covered in crystals or a fluffy hood tailor-made for keeping the December chill at bay."<ref name="billboard.com"/> Due to the song's ongoing popularity, as well as [[social media]] [[meme]]s that show retail workers' disdain for the song due to its frequent airplay at their jobs (which sometimes require the round-the-clock display of Christmas music), Carey has taken advantage of this by posting a video on her social media every year since 2019 around midnight [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern time]] on November 1, announcing that "it's time" to play the song.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | title=Mariah Carey says her new Christmas book is for 'all the people who have ever felt othered' | newspaper=[[USA Today]] | access-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082658/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Peloton>{{cite web | url=https://jezebel.com/mariah-carey-is-back-on-a-peloton-to-capitalize-on-yo-1849731538 | title=Mariah Carey is Back (On a Peloton) to Capitalize on Your Holiday Cheer | date=November 2, 2022 | access-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082658/https://jezebel.com/mariah-carey-is-back-on-a-peloton-to-capitalize-on-yo-1849731538 | url-status=live }}</ref> Carey initially renounced the title, saying that "to me, [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mother Mary]] is the Queen of Christmas".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-announces-set-of-christmas-concerts-in-nyc-and-toronto/|title=Mariah Carey Sets 2022 Christmas Concerts in N.Y.C. and Toronto: 'Excited to Be Back on Stage'|last=Rice|first=Nicholas|date=December 24, 2021|magazine=People|access-date=May 29, 2023|archive-date=May 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153627/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-announces-set-of-christmas-concerts-in-nyc-and-toronto/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mariah-carey-never-called-myself-003613918.html|title=Mariah Carey: 'I never called myself the Queen of Christmas'|last=Portée|first=Alex|date=December 9, 2022|magazine=Yahoo|access-date=May 29, 2023|archive-date=May 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153628/https://news.yahoo.com/mariah-carey-never-called-myself-003613918.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, in March 2021, she attempted to trademark the phrase "Queen of Christmas", which received backlash from singers [[Darlene Love]] and Elizabeth Chan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62564327|title=Mariah Carey 'Queen of Christmas' trademark attempt prompts backlash|agency=BBC News|date=August 16, 2022|access-date=December 11, 2022|archive-date=December 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211222404/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62564327|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, the [[Trademark Trial and Appeal Board]] rejected Carey's request.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137714601/mariah-carey-christmas-queen-trademark|title=Mariah Carey can't be the only 'Queen of Christmas,' the trademark agency rules|last=Treisman|first=Rachel|agency=[[NPR]]|date=November 18, 2022|access-date=December 15, 2022|archive-date=December 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214234049/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137714601/mariah-carey-christmas-queen-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> === Legacy === Carey's enduring popularity as a musician has received extensive recognition, with Anne Branigin from ''The Root'' commenting: "There's longevity, then there's Mariah Carey".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Branigin|first=Anne|date=December 17, 2019|title=All I Want For Christmas Is...the Bag: Mariah Carey's Holiday Staple Hits No. 1 on Billboard for First Time, New Music Video to Come|url=https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Root|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|url-status=live}}</ref> When reviewing her fifteenth studio album, ''Caution'', Eddino Hadi wrote, "In the last three decades since she made her debut, many female pop stars have scaled the heights that Carey has reached but very, very few have matched her longevity".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hadi|first=Eddino|date=November 21, 2018|title=Music review: Diva Mariah Carey ditches her signature vocal acrobatics in her latest album|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Straits Time|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|url-status=live}}</ref> She is the first artist to reach number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in the [[album era|physical]], [[music download|digital]] and [[streaming]] eras.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Molanphy|first=Chris|date=December 20, 2019|title=Why Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" Is Finally No. 1|url=https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|access-date=April 29, 2023|website=Slate|archive-date=December 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206022145/https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's music has been recorded, performed or sampled by a variety of artists such as [[Aretha Franklin]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9900E6D9153EF936A35752C1A962958260|title=Pop Review; Playful Aretha Franklin Plumbs Roots of Soul|last=Holden|first=Stephen|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 5, 1994|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112216/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/05/arts/pop-review-playful-aretha-franklin-plumbs-roots-of-soul.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Patti LaBelle]],<ref name="vibe1">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|title=Kelly Rowland performs "Fantasy" in honor of Mariah Carey|magazine=Rap-Up|date=February 14, 2012|access-date=July 20, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724114947/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dolly Parton]],<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts|title=Dolly Parton Jingles In Atop Country & Holiday Album Charts: 'What a Great Early Christmas Present for Me!'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023214708/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Luciano Pavarotti]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|title=The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Hero"|date=February 21, 2022|magazine=Stereogum|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412150111/https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/carpool-karaoke-christmas-adele-rhcp-mariah-1916018|title=Watch Adele, Chris Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mariah Carey and more in 'Carpool Karaoke' Christmas special|date=December 16, 2016|magazine=NME|access-date=December 16, 2016|archive-date=September 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927175721/https://www.nme.com/news/music/carpool-karaoke-christmas-adele-rhcp-mariah-1916018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shania Twain]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10CA9C2E810BD668&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Have Yourself a Carey Christmas|newspaper=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]|date=December 18, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025172910/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10CA9C2E810BD668&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Michael Ball]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000IB0CVI|title=Ancora|website=Amazon|access-date=November 10, 2010|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112216/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000IB0CVI|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ariana Grande]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2013/06/ariana-grande-covers-mariah-careys-emotions/|title=Ariana Grande Covers Mariah Carey's 'Emotions'|date=June 3, 2013|magazine=That Grape Juice|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142841/https://thatgrapejuice.net/2013/06/ariana-grande-covers-mariah-careys-emotions/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bryson Tiller]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2017/02/15/jermaine-dupri-talks-mariah-carey-album-bryson-tiller-collaboration/|title=Exclusive: Jermaine Dupri Talks Mariah Carey Album, Bryson Tiller Collaboration|date=February 15, 2017|magazine=Rap-up|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142839/https://www.rap-up.com/2017/02/15/jermaine-dupri-talks-mariah-carey-album-bryson-tiller-collaboration/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Drake (musician)|Drake]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-shows-love-drake-emotions-sample-scorpion-8463626/|title=Mariah Carey Shows Love to Drake After Rapper Samples 'Emotions' on 'Scorpion' Track|date=July 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142840/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-shows-love-drake-emotions-sample-scorpion-8463626/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fifth Harmony]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-fifth-harmony-like-mariah-trending-140/|title=Mariah Carey Likes 'Like Mariah,' Boosting Fifth Harmony to No. 1 on Trending 140|date=February 4, 2015|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142838/https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-fifth-harmony-like-mariah-trending-140/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sigala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/hits-radio/entertainment/music/sigala-collaborations/|title=Sigala's biggest collaborations: From 'Sweet Lovin' to 'Feels This Good'|access-date=April 30, 2023|website=Radio Hits|last=Marriott|first=William|date=April 24, 2023|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212192154/https://planetradio.co.uk/hits-radio/entertainment/music/sigala-collaborations/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2019 film ''[[Always Be My Maybe (2019 film)|Always Be My Maybe]]'' was a play-on-words of Carey's 1996 single "[[Always Be My Baby]]", which was used as the movie's theme song.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Netflix|title=Always Be My Maybe {{!}} Trailer {{!}} Netflix|date=May 16, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHBcWHY9lN4|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=January 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114133807/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHBcWHY9lN4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] during the making of the "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)#Mariah Carey version|I Still Believe]]" music video in December 1998]] Carey has also been credited for her role in breaking down racial barriers in popular culture and facilitating public discourse surrounding [[multiracialism]] during the 1990s. Brittany Luse from ''[[New York (magazine)|Vulture]]'' wrote that Carey "rose to fame as public conversations about multiracial identity were expanding in the early '90s', noting that the singer "became something of an avatar for biracial identity, a validating presence for some and a source of both curiosity and discomfort for others". Luse concluded that "Carey's experience of fame could have happened only once; her stardom punched a hole in the sky. Her career matured as current conversations about mixed identity were still forming and while the passing narratives of the past, both brilliant and clumsy, had yet to fade from pop-cultural memory. There was a time when she might have been considered the most famous mixed person of Black and white parentage in America, but now the field's far more crowded".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luse |first=Brittany |date=October 18, 2021 |title=The Fiction of the Color Line |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/mariah-carey-nella-larsen-passing.html |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Vulture |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831065016/https://www.vulture.com/article/mariah-carey-nella-larsen-passing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In her book ''Tragic No More: Mixed-Race Women and the Nexus of Sex and Celebrity'', Caroline A. Streeter, an associate professor at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], also described Carey as one of the "ideal figures through which to consider the [[Post–civil rights era in African-American history|post-Civil Rights]] era's apparent rehabilitation and transformation of the mulatto/a into a biracial subject of representation".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Streeter |first=Caroline A. |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22638 |title=Tragic No More: Mixed-Race Women and the Nexus of Sex and Celebrity |date=2012 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=978-1-61376-225-7 |location=Amherst |access-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831073328/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22638 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Vocal influence ==== Carey's vocal style, as well as her singing ability, have significantly impacted popular and contemporary music. She has been considered one of the greatest vocalists. As music critic G. Brown from ''[[The Denver Post]]'' wrote, "For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic style have influenced a generation of pop singers."<ref name="DKTHK"/> According to [[Stevie Wonder]], "When people talk about the great influential singers, they talk about [[Aretha Franklin|Aretha]], [[Whitney Houston|Whitney]] and Mariah. That's a testament to her talent. Her range is that amazing."<ref name="vibe">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+rainbow&pg=PA260-IA6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428062350/https://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+rainbow&pg=PA260-IA6|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 28, 2021|title=Mariah Carey 'Rainbow'|last=Linden|first=Amy|magazine=Vibe|date=December 12, 1999|access-date=March 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey has inspired singers and songwriters all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/09/14/1368802/mariahs-influence-todays-artists|title=Mariah's Influence on Today's Artists|access-date=December 1, 2020|website=Phil Star|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429123856/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/09/14/1368802/mariahs-influence-todays-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> In a review of her ''[[Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)|Greatest Hits]]'' album, [[Devon Powers]] of ''[[PopMatters]]'' writes that "She has influenced countless female vocalists after her. At 32, she is already a [[Living legend (person)|living legend]]—even if she never sings another note."<ref name="zefCx"/> {{Listen|filename=Visionoflove.ogg|title="Vision of Love" (1990)|description="[[Vision of Love]]" is credited with revolutionizing the usage of distinguished vocal stylings, predominantly the practice of [[melisma]], and effectively influencing virtually every female R&B performer since the 1990s.<ref name=RollingStone-Nov2008>{{cite magazine|title=The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=November 12, 2008|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|access-date=August 14, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027102514/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-date=October 27, 2011}}</ref>}} Multiple media sources referred to Carey as the "Queen of Melisma".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|title=Killing me softly with their self-indulgenc|date=June 11, 2006|website=The Age|access-date=April 19, 2023|archive-date=July 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723140502/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = How Many Octaves Can Mariah Carey Sing? She's Got One Of The Widest Vocal Ranges In Music|date = April 14, 2015|url = https://www.bustle.com/articles/76348-how-many-octaves-can-mariah-carey-sing-shes-got-one-of-the-widest-vocal-ranges-in|publisher = Kristie Rohwedder|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = April 17, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150417203224/https://www.bustle.com/articles/76348-how-many-octaves-can-mariah-carey-sing-shes-got-one-of-the-widest-vocal-ranges-in|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Killing me softly with their self-indulgence|date = June 11, 2006|url = https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = July 23, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190723140502/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title = The Most Memorable Super Bowl National Anthems|url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-most-memorable-super-bowl-national-anthems-10706/mariah-carey-2002-62617/|magazine = Rolling Stone|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = September 26, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014541/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-most-memorable-super-bowl-national-anthems-10706/mariah-carey-2002-62617/|url-status = live}}</ref> According to ''Rolling Stone'', "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "[[Vision of Love]]", inspired the entire ''[[American Idol]]'' vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the Nineties."<ref name="great">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027102514/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-date=October 27, 2011|title=100 Greatest Singers of All Time – Mariah Carey|access-date=October 31, 2011|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=December 3, 2010}}</ref> Chart historian Tom Breihan chose "Vision of Love" as one of the chapters in his book ''The Number Ones: Twenty Chart-Topping Hits That Reveal the History of Pop Music'', stating that the song "set the stage for a whole decade of showy, pyrotechnic '90s R&B vocals. Carey created an environment where her disciples could flourish, and she did it by constructing "Vision Of Love" as a showcase for her voice".<ref>{{cite web|title = The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Vision of Love"|date = September 29, 2021|url = https://www.stereogum.com/2161924/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-vision-of-love/columns/the-number-ones/|publisher = Stereogum|access-date = September 29, 2021|archive-date = September 30, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210930060858/https://www.stereogum.com/2161924/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-vision-of-love/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2008, Jody Rosen of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' wrote of Carey's influence in modern music, calling her the most influential vocal stylist of the last two decades, the person who made rococo melismatic singing.<ref name="slate.com">{{cite web|last=Rosen|first=Jody|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2190184/|title=Why The Haters Are Wrong About Mariah Carey|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=April 13, 2008|access-date=October 31, 2011|archive-date=August 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821020124/http://www.slate.com/id/2190184/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rosen further exemplified Carey's influence by drawing a parallel with ''American Idol'', which to her, "often played out as a clash of melisma-mad Mariah wannabes. And, today, nearly 20 years after Carey's debut, major labels continue to bet the farm on young stars such as the winner of Britain's ''[[The X Factor (British TV series)|X Factor]]'' show, [[Leona Lewis]], with her Generation Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."<ref name="slate.com"/> ''New York'' magazine's editor Roger Deckker further commented that "Whitney Houston may have introduced melisma (the vocally acrobatic style of lending a word an extra syllable or twenty) to the charts, but it was Mariah—with her jaw-dropping range—who made it into America's default sound." Deckker also added that "Every time you turn on ''American Idol'', you are watching her children."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16905/|title=The Most Influential People in Music|work=New York|date=May 7, 2006|access-date=October 31, 2011|archive-date=November 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126154020/http://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16905/|url-status=live}}</ref> As Professor Katherine L. Meizel said in her book, ''The Mediation of Identity Politics in American Idol'', "Carey's influence [is] in the emulation of melisma or her singing amongst the wannabes, it's also her persona, her diva, her stardom which inspires them ... a pre-fame conic look."<ref name="rAqlU"/> With her ability to do runs, scats, and incredible control using [[whistle register]], Carey is credited with popularizing this technique in mainstream music, making her name synonymous with the term.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thethings.com/mariah-carey-and-other-singers-who-can-hit-a-whistle-note/|title=Mariah Carey & 9 Other Singers Who Can Hit A Whistle Note|work=The Things|date=May 6, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604213156/https://www.thethings.com/mariah-carey-and-other-singers-who-can-hit-a-whistle-note/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Popularizing remixes ==== The impact of Carey's artistry has helped popularize rappers as a featured act in pop music through her post-1995 songs. She has been called the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Remixes]]" by multiple media sources,<ref name="Staff">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3114152/mariah-carey-remixes-a-no-no/|title=12 Essential Mariah Carey Cuts That Prove She's Queen Of The Remix|publisher=MTV News|access-date=June 16, 2019|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617114815/http://www.mtv.com/news/3114152/mariah-carey-remixes-a-no-no/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vh1.com/news/n5wfr5/mariah-carey-greatest-remixes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629102553/https://www.vh1.com/news/n5wfr5/mariah-carey-greatest-remixes|url-status=live|archive-date=June 29, 2022|title=10 Songs That Prove Mariah Carey is Queen of the Remix|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=VH1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/the-10-greatest-mariah-carey-remixes/|title=The 10 Greatest Mariah Carey Remixes|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=Slant Magazine|date=May 13, 2014|archive-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605035551/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/the-10-greatest-mariah-carey-remixes/|url-status=live}}</ref> with [[MTV]] writer, Princess Gabbara, noting that it is "no secret that [Carey] goes to great lengths to deliver a spectacular remix, often re-recording vocals, penning new lyrics, shooting new music videos, and recording different versions to satisfy pop, R&B, hip-hop, and EDM audiences".<ref name="Staff"/> Speaking to [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] in 2019 for a profile of Carey's career, [[David Morales]], who first collaborated with Carey on the ''Def Club Mix'' of her 1993 single "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]", commented on Carey's revolutionary role in the popularization of remixes: "Mariah opened up a whole other door, and not many people at that time were capable of that. When other big artists saw what I did with Mariah, they wanted that. She's how I got into the studio with [[Toni Braxton]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Seal (musician)|Seal]] and [[Donna Summer]]."<ref name="Staff"/> Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' commented, "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like [[Missy Elliott]] and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including [[Britney Spears]], [[NSYNC|'N Sync]] and [[Christina Aguilera]]—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B." Moreover, Jones concludes that "[Carey's] idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male MCs of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' suggests that it still belongs to Carey."<ref name="newyorker"/> Judnick Mayard, writer of ''The Fader'', wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey." Mayard also said that "To this day ODB and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time", citing that due to the record "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "R&B and Hip-Hop were the best of step siblings."<ref name="thefader.com">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/01/14/suite903-rb-rejected-and-betrayed/|title=Suite903: R&B, Rejected and Betrayed|magazine=[[The Fader]]|last=Mayard|first=Judnick|date=January 4, 2009|access-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911150131/http://www.thefader.com/2011/01/14/suite903-rb-rejected-and-betrayed/|archive-date=September 11, 2011}}</ref> Kelefa Sanneh of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "In the mid-1990s Ms. Carey pioneered a subgenre that some people call the thug-love duet. Nowadays clean-cut pop stars are expected to collaborate with roughneck rappers, but when Ms. Carey teamed up with Ol' Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit remix of 'Fantasy', it was a surprise, and a smash."<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite news|title=The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|work=The New York Times|date=August 4, 2005|access-date=November 5, 2010|last=Sanneh|first=Kalefa|archive-date=May 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510132505/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Achievements == {{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey}} [[File:Mariah Carey @ 2010 Academy Awards.jpg|thumb|Carey attending the [[82nd Academy Awards]] where ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009), in which she starred in as Ms. Weiss, a social worker, received six nominations<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2010/film/news/82nd-annual-academy-awards-winners-list-1118016173 |title=82nd Annual Academy Awards winners list |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=Reed Elsevier Inc |date=March 7, 2010 |access-date=March 15, 2010 |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402133023/https://variety.com/2010/film/news/82nd-annual-academy-awards-winners-list-1118016173/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Throughout her career, Carey has earned numerous awards and honors. She has won six [[Grammy Award]]s (including a [[Grammy Global Impact Award]]), nineteen [[World Music Awards]], ten [[American Music Award]]s,<ref name="amas"/> and twenty [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]].<ref name="r1QJQ">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6553980/mariah-carey-2015-billboard-music-awards|title=Mariah Carey to Perform at 2015 Billboard Music Awards|magazine=Billboard|access-date=May 9, 2015|archive-date=October 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009022718/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6553980/mariah-carey-2015-billboard-music-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> She is one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling recording artists in history]], with more than 220 million records sold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey gets hand and footprints cemented in Hollywood history |url=https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |access-date=February 8, 2024 |publisher=[[KABC-TV]] |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229095230/https://abc7.com/mariah-carey-hollywood-handprints/2593074/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is also an inductee of the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Mariah Carey to be inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame |url=https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116201213/https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/16/2020-songwriters-hall-of-fame-inductees-mariah-carey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of March 2022, the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) lists Carey as the best-selling female albums artist, with shipments of 72 million units in the US, and one of the best-selling digital singles artists.<ref name="riaa tally">{{cite web |url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=top_tallies&ttt=TAA#search_section |title=Gold & Platinum – RIAA |publisher=Recording industry Association of America |access-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-date=December 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203033345/https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=top_tallies&ttt=TAA#search_section |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the second female singer to amass both diamond-certified albums and singles, with the albums ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' and ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'',<ref name="2 #Diamond albums, 7 #multiPlatinum">{{cite tweet|user=RIAA|title=2 #Diamond albums, 7 #multiPlatinum albums, 4 #Platinum albums, 2 #Gold albums. Only ONE @MariahCarey #BlackHistoryMonth|date=February 25, 2019|access-date=March 29, 2019|number=1100110185480286208}}</ref> and the single "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]"—the only holiday song and the first female song from the 20th century to achieve that.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas is You" Makes History|url=https://www.riaa.com/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-makes-history/|work=Recording Industry Association of America|date=December 3, 2021|access-date=December 3, 2021|archive-date=December 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215182252/https://www.riaa.com/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-makes-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> With sales of over 28 million copies worldwide, ''Music Box'' and ''Daydream'' rank among the best-selling albums of all time.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mims |first=Taylor |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Mariah Carey Returns to CAA for Representation in All Areas |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-returns-caa-representation-in-all-areas/ |access-date=February 8, 2024 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207120819/https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-returns-caa-representation-in-all-areas/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey was honored with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2015,<ref name="cgmV0"/> and a [[Billboard Icon Award|''Billboard'' Icon Award]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-icon-award-speech-2019-bbmas-8509719/|title=Mariah Carey Gets Emotional During 2019 Billboard Music Awards Icon Acceptance Speech: Watch|magazine=Billboard|date=May 1, 2019|access-date=May 5, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505151835/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-icon-award-speech-2019-bbmas-8509719/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, she became one of the first 13 recipients of the [[Brit Awards|BRIT Billion Award]], for surpassing the milestone one billion streams in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Paul|last=Grein|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/brit-billion-award-streaming-mariah-carey-lewis-capaldi-whitney-houston-1235321745/|title=Mariah Carey, Lewis Capaldi & More Receive New BRIT Billion Award, Marking 1 Billion UK Streams|magazine=Billboard|date=May 4, 2023|access-date=May 5, 2023|archive-date=May 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505044349/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/brit-billion-award-streaming-mariah-carey-lewis-capaldi-whitney-houston-1235321745/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey has set and broken numerous [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|Hot 100 records]].<ref name="Hot100preview_2020_04_18">{{Cite magazine|title=Drake Makes Historic Debut at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Toosie Slide'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9357012/drake-toosie-slide-number-one-hot-100-debut|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=April 13, 2020|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 13, 2020|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413213538/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9357012/drake-toosie-slide-number-one-hot-100-debut|url-status=live}}</ref> She has topped the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] for 91 weeks, the most for any artist in US chart history.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-eighth-week-number-one-hot-100-eighth-week-1235015250|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Continues at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|access-date=January 5, 2022|archive-date=January 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104232423/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-eighth-week-number-one-hot-100-eighth-week-1235015250/|url-status=live}}</ref> On that same chart, she has accumulated 19 number-one singles,<ref name="billboard1">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/ |title=Chart History – Mariah Carey |magazine=Billboard |access-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-date=November 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121090816/https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the most for any solo artist (second behind [[the Beatles]]) and she is also the only artist to have a number-one song in each year of a decade (1990s decade).<ref name="Hiscock">{{Cite news|last=Hiscock|first=John|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6771071/Mariah-Carey-interview-for-Precious.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/6771071/Mariah-Carey-interview-for-Precious.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Mariah Carey Interview for Precious|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=November 10, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2020, Carey became the first solo artist to top the Billboard Hot 100 over four decades (1990s–2020s).<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|title=Mariah Carey Becomes First Artist at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 in Four Decades, Thanks to 'All I Want for Christmas'|access-date=July 3, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=December 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213359/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8547157/mariah-carey-number-one-hot-100-four-decades-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey was the first woman to debut at number-one, with "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]",<ref name="iDhym"/> the first act to debut at number-one multiple times, and she held the record for the most number-one debuts (three), until surpassed in 2020.<ref name="iDhym"/> Her single "[[One Sweet Day]]", with [[Boyz II Men]], spent sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of ''Billboard''{{'}}s Hot 100 chart in 1996, setting the record for the [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|most weeks atop the Hot 100 chart]] until surpassed in 2019 by "[[Old Town Road]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8519767/mariah-carey-responds-lil-nas-x-old-town-road-remix-invitation|access-date=November 5, 2020|title=Mariah Carey Playfully Responds to Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' Remix Invitation With 'Sweet' Tweet|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232453/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8519767/mariah-carey-responds-lil-nas-x-old-town-road-remix-invitation|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lichtman">{{Cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aggEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+merry+christmas+debut&pg=PA136|title=Mariah Hits Big n Japan|last=Lichtman|first=Irv|magazine=Billboard|date=November 26, 1994|access-date=November 11, 2011|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111752/https://books.google.com/books?id=aggEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+merry+christmas+debut&pg=PA136#v=snippet&q=mariah%20carey%20merry%20christmas%20debut&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> "One Sweet Day" and "[[We Belong Together]]" became the best performing songs of their respective decades (1990s and 2000s), making Carey the only act to accomplish the feat twice. She also holds the record for the most consecutive years topping the chart (eleven).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uproxx.com/music/2014/10/the-7-billboard-hot-100-milestones-that-will-probably-never-be-broken/|title=The 7 Billboard Hot 100 Milestones That Will (Probably) Never Be Broken|publisher=UPROXX Music|last=Kurp|first=Josh|date=October 6, 2014|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329103511/http://uproxx.com/music/2014/10/the-7-billboard-hot-100-milestones-that-will-probably-never-be-broken/|archive-date=March 29, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" alone broke multiple ''Billboard'' records. In 2021, the magazine ranked it as the greatest holiday song of all time.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-holiday-100-songs/|title=Greatest of All Time Holiday 100 Songs|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228184050/https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-holiday-100-songs/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the longest-running number-one song on the ''Billboard'' Holiday 100 chart (57 cumulative weeks, of the chart's 62 total weeks) and the longest-running holiday number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9503448/taylor-swift-willow-debut-number-one-hot-100|title=Taylor Swift's 'Willow' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|date=December 21, 2020|access-date=December 22, 2020|last=Trust|first=Gary|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124084314/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9503448/taylor-swift-willow-debut-number-one-hot-100/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Billboard">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8546418/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-number-one|title=Wish Come True: Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Hits No. 1 on Hot 100 After 25-Year Wait|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 16, 2019|archive-date=December 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216180915/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8546418/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-number-one|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/8062525/hot-100-chart-moves-mariah-careys-christmas-classic-returns|title=Hot 100 Chart Moves: Mariah Carey's 'Christmas' Classic Returns|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 12, 2017|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213004110/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/8062525/hot-100-chart-moves-mariah-careys-christmas-classic-returns|url-status=live}}</ref> It also holds the record for the longest span of a song's first and last week at the summit of the Hot 100, a record that's annually extended,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-ninth-week-number-one-hot-100-1235185073/|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=December 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212180734/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-ninth-week-number-one-hot-100-1235185073/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the only song to return to number-one in more than two separate chart runs.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=December 12, 2022|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' Returns to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-ninth-week-number-one-hot-100-1235185073/|access-date=December 12, 2022|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=December 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212180734/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-ninth-week-number-one-hot-100-1235185073/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, ''Billboard'' listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs<ref name="autogenerated8">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|title=The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (10-01)|magazine=Billboard|date=August 15, 2010|access-date=August 29, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801081615/http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-10.shtml|archive-date=August 1, 2010}}</ref> and second on Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.<ref name="yahoosales2">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top-rbhiphop.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023225443/http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/top-rbhiphop.shtml|archive-date=October 23, 2010|title=Sweet Soul Music: Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=August 15, 2010|access-date=August 29, 2010}}</ref> On November 19, 2010, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked Carey at number four on their "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" chart.<ref name="mw7Ks"/> In 2012, Carey was ranked second on [[VH1]]'s list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a366011/madonna-beats-mariah-carey-beyonc-in-vh1s-women-in-music-poll/|title=Madonna Beats Mariah Carey, Beyoncé in VH1's 'Women in Music' poll|last=Eames|first=Tom|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|date=February 15, 2012|access-date=April 28, 2023|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428035108/https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a366011/madonna-beats-mariah-carey-beyonc-in-vh1s-women-in-music-poll/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Billboard'' magazine ranked her at number five on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making Carey the second most successful female artist in the history of the chart.<ref name="3tEDT"/> The same publication ranked Carey at number four on their "Top 125 Artists of All Time" chart making her the top female act.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8543378/billboard-top-125-artists-of-all-time-the-beatles/#:~:text=Mariah%20Carey%20places%20as%20the,consecutive%20years%20with%20a%20No.|title=Billboard's Top 125 Artists of All Time: The Beatles, Rolling Stones, Elton John, Mariah Carey, Madonna & More|access-date=October 10, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010013144/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/8543378/billboard-top-125-artists-of-all-time-the-beatles/#:~:text=Mariah%20Carey%20places%20as%20the,consecutive%20years%20with%20a%20No.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-artists|title=GREATEST OF ALL TIME ARTISTS|access-date=October 10, 2021|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=November 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114170915/https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' and "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]" were included on the new editions of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's lists of "[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]]" and "[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time|The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time]]", respectively.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-songs-of-all-time-1224767/mariah-carey-fantasy-1224919/ |title=The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=September 15, 2021 |access-date=September 15, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916015404/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-songs-of-all-time-1224767/mariah-carey-fantasy-1224919/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Carey's holiday album ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and is the [[best-selling Christmas/holiday albums in the United States|best-selling Christmas album]].<ref name="mimisales2"/><ref name="national"/><ref name="sasha">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|title=On Top: Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=April 3, 2006|access-date=December 10, 2010|archive-date=October 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013180454/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/old-chestnuts-roasting-ghosts-of-christmas-music-past-764334.html|title=Old Chestnuts Roasting: Ghosts of Christmas Music Past|work=[[The Independent]]|date=December 11, 2007|access-date=December 10, 2010|archive-date=December 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222182557/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/old-chestnuts-roasting-ghosts-of-christmas-music-past-764334.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The lead single, "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", became the first holiday song to be certified [[Diamond Certified|Diamond]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 3, 2021|title=Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas is You" Makes History|website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|url=https://www.riaa.com/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-makes-history/|access-date=December 4, 2021|agency=Recording Industry Association of America|archive-date=December 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215182252/https://www.riaa.com/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-makes-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the only holiday [[ringtone]] to reach multi-platinum status in the US.<ref name="INSPf"/> With sales of over 14 million copies worldwide, it is one of the [[List of best-selling singles|best-selling physical singles]] in music history and the best-selling holiday song by a female artist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 23, 2014|title=Everything You Need to Know About 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' By Mariah Carey|url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/christmas-mariah-carey/story?id=27787884|access-date=December 12, 2022|work=abc News|archive-date=December 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212111617/https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/christmas-mariah-carey/story?id=27787884|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also the highest-certified and the longest-charting song by a woman in the UK.<ref name=bpi>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |title=BPI – Certified Awards |publisher=British Phonographic Industry |access-date=August 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |archive-date=January 17, 2010 }}</ref> In 2018, Carey became the first artist to replace herself at the number one spot on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|Top R&B Albums chart]], with ''[[Caution (Mariah Carey album)|Caution]]'' being replaced by ''Merry Christmas''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/12/218967/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-album-number-one|title=Mariah Carey Just Broke A Record & One-Upped Herself|access-date=November 8, 2020|website=Refinery29|last=Midkiff|first=Sarah|date=December 10, 2018|archive-date=November 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114145723/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/12/218967/mariah-carey-merry-christmas-album-number-one|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 24, 2019, the song won three ''[[Guinness World Records]]''.<ref name="ForbesAIWFCIY">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurenalvarez/2019/11/27/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-breaks-three-guinness-world-records/?sh=72fc6af310fa#33f2732a10fa%20Mariah%20Carey%20All%20I%20Want%20For%20Christmas%20Is%20You%20Guiness%20World%20Records%20on%20www.guinnessworldrecords.com|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Breaks Three Guinness World Records|access-date=November 19, 2020|website=Forbes|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126205333/https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurenalvarez/2019/11/27/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-breaks-three-guinness-world-records/?sh=72fc6af310fa#33f2732a10fa%20Mariah%20Carey%20All%20I%20Want%20For%20Christmas%20Is%20You%20Guiness%20World%20Records%20on%20www.guinnessworldrecords.com|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, it holds the record for the most [[Spotify]] streams in a single day (over 20 million plays on December 24, 2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2020/12/25/Mariah-Carey-celebrates-stream-record-for-All-I-Want-For-Christmas/3711608927222/|title=Mariah Carey celebrates stream record for 'All I Want For Christmas'|access-date=July 18, 2021|website=Upi|last=Butler|first=Karen|date=December 25, 2020|archive-date=July 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718141734/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2020/12/25/Mariah-Carey-celebrates-stream-record-for-All-I-Want-For-Christmas/3711608927222/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, the song earned one billion streams on Spotify, making it both Carey's first song and the first holiday song overall to do so.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/pop/mariah-carey-diamond-billion-streams-all-i-want-for-christmas/|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Reaches Both A Billion Streams And Diamond Certification|access-date=December 8, 2021|website=UPROXX|date=December 6, 2021|archive-date=December 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208033034/https://uproxx.com/pop/mariah-carey-diamond-billion-streams-all-i-want-for-christmas/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, the song was selected by the [[Library of Congress]] for preservation in the [[National Recording Registry]], due to its "cultural, historical and aesthetic importance" in the American soundscape.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-library-of-congress-national-recording-registry-induction-reaction-1235302373/|title=Mariah Carey Is 'Honored Beyond Belief' to Be Inducted Into the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry|access-date=April 13, 2023|magazine=Billboard|date=April 13, 2023|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415042026/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/mariah-carey-library-of-congress-national-recording-registry-induction-reaction-1235302373/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey experienced an enduring success in various Asian countries. She is the [[List of best-selling music artists in Japan|best-selling Western artist]] in [[Japan]]. [[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|''#1's'']] was certified with a [[Recording Industry Association of Japan#RIAJ Certification|triple-Million]] award and holds the record as the [[List of best-selling albums in Japan|best-selling international album]] in the country, while ''Music Box'', ''Daydream'', ''Butterfly'' and ''Merry Christmas'' all sold over 2 million copies in the country, with the latter one, being the fourth-best-selling international album.<ref name="mc#1's">{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yg0EAAAAMBAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yg0EAAAAMBAJ/page/n48 49] |title=Mariah Carey "#1's" |magazine=Billboard |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|access-date=August 12, 2010 |date=January 23, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yg0EAAAAMBAJ/mode/2up?q=Mariah+Carey|title=newsline... Mariah Carey's #1's|magazine=Billboard|page=49|date=January 23, 1999|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref> Her song "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is the third-best-selling song by a non-Asian artist.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nendai-ryuukou.com/article/015.html | script-title=ja:歴代洋楽シングル売り上げ枚数ランキング | author=オリジナルコンフィデンス | publisher=年代流行 | access-date=October 29, 2017 | language=ja | archive-date=December 18, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218172826/http://nendai-ryuukou.com/article/015.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Sony Music Asia Pacific presented Carey with a certificate of achievement for 1.6 billion sales units in [[Asia-Pacific]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8481619/mariah-carey-asia-world-tour-dates|title=Mariah Carey Honored for 1.6 Billion Asia Sales, Adds World Tour Dates|access-date=July 19, 2021|magazine=Billboard|date=October 24, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306070501/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8481619/mariah-carey-asia-world-tour-dates|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey also holds the record for the longest-running number-one song on the [[Top 100 Brasil|Brasil Hot 100]], with her 2009 cover of [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]'s "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]", which spent 27 weeks atop the Brazilian charts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/i-want-know-what-love-breaks-airplay-record-brazil-54581 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307181409/http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/i-want-know-what-love-breaks-airplay-record-brazil-54581 |title=I Want To Know What Love Is Breaks Airplay Record in Brazil |work=MariahCarey.com |date=April 26, 2010 |archive-date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> == Other activities == === Business ventures === Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for [[Intel]] [[Centrino]] personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American [[Claire's]] and Icing stores.<ref name="jqmov"/> During this period, as part of a partnership with [[Pepsi]] and [[Motorola]], Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive [[ringtone]]s, including "Time of Your Life".<ref name="EAsHr"/> She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company [[Elizabeth Arden]], and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M".<ref name="mtv1"/> The Elizabeth Arden deal has netted her $150 million.<ref name="xVhUT"/> For the fragrance, Carey won a [[Basenotes#The Basenotes Fragrance Awards|Basenotes Fragrance Award]] for Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance as well as being nominated in three other categories.<ref name=Basenotes>The 8th Annual Basenotes Awards – [[Basenotes]] :''Retrieved January 18, 2014'': * For Celebrity Women's Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fceleb.html|title=Best Celebrity Women's Fragrance: M by Mariah Carey|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=May 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529101225/http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fceleb.html|url-status=dead}} * For New Women's Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fnew.html|title=Best New Women's Fragrance: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128153054/https://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fnew.html|url-status=dead}} * For Designer, Mainstream or Fine Fragrance: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/ffine.html|title=Best Designer, Mainstream or Fine Fragrance: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=February 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210220226/http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/ffine.html|url-status=dead}} * For Women's Fragrance for Day Wear: {{cite web|url=http://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fday.html|title=Best Woman's Fragrance for Day Wear: Prada Infusion d'Iris by Prada|date=April 17, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128223817/https://www.basenotes.net/awards/2008/fday.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has released a series of fragrances with Elizabeth Arden, including Luscious Pink (2008) and Forever (2009).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2009/01/fda_cracks_down_on_bugs_in_mak.html|title=FDA Cracks Down on Bugs in Makeup; Mariah Carey Values Her $75 Fragrance at $600|date=January 13, 2009|access-date=January 30, 2021|archive-date=February 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208220050/http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2009/01/fda_cracks_down_on_bugs_in_mak.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/08/21/mariah-carey-forever/|title=Mariah Carey Hopes to Dodge 'Forever' Curse With New Fragrance|publisher=MTV|access-date=September 1, 2009|archive-date=March 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303221419/http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/08/21/mariah-carey-forever/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on [[Home Shopping Network|HSN]], which included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.<ref name="Hzahz"/> In November 2011, Carey was announced as "brand ambassador" for [[Jenny Craig, Inc|Jenny Craig]] which included "participation in a new company initiative... public service announcements and community and education programs."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-touting-jenny-craig-after-losing-30-pounds/#:~:text=The%20company%2C%20now%20called%20just,the%20birth%20of%20her%20twins.|title=Mariah Carey Touting Jenny Craig After Losing 30 Pounds|access-date=October 28, 2020|website=CBS News|date=November 10, 2011|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031043511/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-touting-jenny-craig-after-losing-30-pounds/#:~:text=The%20company%2C%20now%20called%20just,the%20birth%20of%20her%20twins.|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Carey featured in an advertisement for Hostelworld with the tagline "Even Divas are Believers".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/mariah-carey-accidentally-stays-in-a-hostel-in-ad-sings-karaoke.html|title=Mariah Carey Accidentally Stays in a Hostel in Ad; Sings Karaoke to Her Own Song|website=[[CNBC]]|date=April 11, 2018|access-date=November 8, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109012956/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/11/mariah-carey-accidentally-stays-in-a-hostel-in-ad-sings-karaoke.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On August 25, 2019, Carey signed a $12 million contract with the Walkers crisps brand as part of their Christmas campaign<ref name="mirror.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/music-megastar-mariah-carey-set-19006237|title=Music megastar Mariah Carey 'set to become the new face of Walkers Crisps'|first=Sam|last=Elliott|date=August 26, 2019|website=mirror|access-date=November 2, 2019|archive-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929005444/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/music-megastar-mariah-carey-set-19006237|url-status=live}}</ref> and starred in a commercial for the company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2019/11/04/walkers-bags-mariah-carey-full-throated-christmas-ad|title=Walkers Bags Mariah Carey for Full-Throated Christmas Ad|access-date=October 28, 2020|website=The Drum|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031051657/https://www.thedrum.com/news/2019/11/04/walkers-bags-mariah-carey-full-throated-christmas-ad|url-status=live}}</ref> In conjunction with the 25th-anniversary release of ''Merry Christmas'' in 2019, she organized a gift guide with [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=15684304011|title=Mariah Carey Gift Guide @ Amazon.com|website=amazon.com|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928205928/https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=15684304011|url-status=live}}</ref> and partnered for an exclusive [[Christmas ornament]] with [[Swarovski]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarovski.com/en-US/p-5543287/25th-Anniversary-Holiday-Ornament-by-Mariah-Carey/|title=Mariah Carey bijou 25th Anniversary Holiday Ornament by Mariah Carey on www.swarovski.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In December 2020, Carey launched a partnership with Virtual Dining Concepts and [[restaurateur]], [[Robert Earl]], for a biscuit line titled ''Mariah's Cookies''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/mariah-carey-holiday-cookies|title=All I Want for Christmas Are Mariah Carey's Cookies|access-date=April 4, 2021|website=The Food Network}}</ref> In 2021, Carey announced the launch of a new line of alcohol called ''Black Irish'', an homage to her Black, Venezuelan, and Irish heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecut.com/2021/08/mariah-carey-is-launching-a-line-of-irish-cream.html|title=Mariah Carey Is Launching a Line of … Irish Cream?|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=The Cut|date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> That same year, Carey also partnered with [[McDonald's]], promoting an entirely new limited time menu.<ref name="mcdonaldsmariah">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9657814/mariah-carey-mcdonalds-menu-free-food|title=Mariah Carey Teams Up With McDonald's For a Menu of Free Goodies Leading Up to Christmas|access-date=November 11, 2021|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> In 2022, Carey recorded nine video lessons for [[MasterClass]] titled "Mariah Carey Teaches the Voice as an Instrument", as well as re-recording "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" alongside [[Brandy Norwood|Brandy]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-masterclass-watch-online-1336683/|title=Mimi's MasterClass: Mariah Carey Takes Fans Inside Her Studio for New Online Series|access-date=April 16, 2022|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=April 14, 2022 }}</ref> === Philanthropy and activism === Carey is a philanthropist who has been involved with several charitable organizations.<ref name="fresh"/> She became associated with the [[Fresh Air Fund]] in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in [[Fishkill, New York|Fishkill]], New York, that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities.<ref name="fresh"/> The camp was called [[The Fresh Air Fund|Camp Mariah]] "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children," and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.<ref name="2FiIF"/> Carey has continued her direct involvement with Camp Mariah, and by 2019 the executive director of The Fresh Air Fund reported that "...the kids who have gone to Camp Mariah have higher graduation rates out of high school and college.<ref>{{cite news |last=Setoodeh |first=Ramin |title=Mariah Carey Reflects on Camp Mariah's 'Direct Impact on Kids Who Don't Have Other Options' |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/mariah-carey-camp-mariah-fresh-air-fund-1203362179/ |access-date=December 21, 2019 |work=Variety}}</ref> In 1999, Carey was presented with a [[Congressional Award]] for contributing "to expanding opportunities for all Americans through their own personal contributions, and [setting] exceptional examples for young people through their own successes in life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://congressionalaward.org/events/horizon.php |title=Congress Award |publisher=[[Congressional Award]] |access-date=January 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111160518/http://congressionalaward.org/events/horizon.php |archive-date=November 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/598-mariah-carey|title=Mariah Carey – Charity Work, Events and Causes|publisher=Look to the Stars|access-date=January 24, 2014}}</ref> In 2019, she was honoured by ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'s}} Power of Women for her work with The Fresh Air Fund's Camp Mariah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2019-10-12/jennifer-aniston-awkwafina-mariah-carey-receive-honors-varietys-power-women-lunch|title=Jennifer Aniston, Awkwafina, Mariah Carey among Variety's Power of Women honorees|access-date=April 6, 2021|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 12, 2019}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey Neighborhood Ball in downtown Washington 2009 2 cropped.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Carey performing "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" during the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|Neighborhood Inaugural Ball]] for [[Barack Obama|President Obama]]]] Carey also donated royalties from her hits "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" and "[[One Sweet Day]]" to charities.<ref name="billboard2"/> She has worked with the [[Make-A-Wish Foundation]], and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements."<ref name="93zRj"/><ref name="Gy0mb"/> Carey has volunteered for the [[Police Athletic League of New York City]] and contributed to the [[obstetrics]] department of [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|New York Presbyterian Hospital]] Cornell Medical Center.<ref name="pre"/> A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities.<ref name="pre"/> In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the [[World Food Programme|World Hunger Relief Movement]].<ref name="HFb8H"/> In February 2010, the song, "[[100% (Mariah Carey song)|100%]]", which was originally written and recorded for the film, ''Precious'',<ref name="uk7kr"/> was used as one of the theme songs for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]], with all money proceeds going to [[United States Olympic Committee|Team USA]].<ref name="wVfJV"/> In 2017, Carey was awarded with [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]]'s Angel for Animals Award for promoting animal adoption through her animated movie ''All I Want for Christmas Is You''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.peta.org/media/news-releases/mariah-carey-petas-holiday-angel-animals/|title=Mariah Carey is PETA's Holiday 'Angel for Animals'|access-date=April 29, 2023|newspaper=PETA|date=December 18, 2017}}</ref> One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 ''[[VH1 Divas|Divas Live]]'' special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation.<ref name="divas"/> The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the ''[[VH1 Divas#Divas 2000|Divas 2000]]'' special and a [[VH1 Divas#VH1 Divas Holiday: Unsilent Night|2016 holiday edition]].<ref name="divas"/> She appeared at the ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks]] and performed before peacekeeping troops in [[Kosovo]].<ref name="6yvtj"/> Carey hosted the [[CBS]] television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families.<ref name="qjRbw"/> In 2005, Carey performed for [[Live 8 concert, London|Live 8 in London]]<ref name="bbcnews"/> and at the [[Hurricane Katrina]] relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm".<ref name="wzFWc"/> In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded the charity single, "[[Just Stand Up!|Just Stand Up]]" produced by [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] and [[L.A. Reid|L. A. Reid]], to support [[Stand Up to Cancer]].<ref name="LVp8d"/> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Carey participated in the [[iHeart Living Room Concert for America]] and ''[[Rise Up New York!]]'' telethons to raise money for those affected by [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aswad |first=Jem |title=Elton John's 'Living Room Concert for America' Raises $8 Million for Coronavirus Relief |url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/elton-john-living-room-concert-for-america-raises-8-million-coronavirus-1203551388/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 16, 2020 |date=April 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tina Fey Brought to Tears Over Success of 'Rise Up New York' Telethon|url=https://www.etonline.com/tina-fey-brought-to-tears-over-success-of-rise-up-new-york-telethon-146398|website=Entertainment Tonight|first=Zach|last=Seemayer|date=May 11, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> In response to the [[murder of George Floyd]], Carey took to social media and sang a snippet of her 1990 song "[[There's Got to Be a Way]]" while encouraging fans to demand justice.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9393819/mariah-carey-sings-theres-got-to-be-a-way-in-response-to-george-floyds-death-watch/|title=Mariah Carey Sings 'There's Got to Be a Way' in Response to George Floyd's Death: Watch|access-date=November 10, 2020|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. She later said she felt "horrible and embarrassed" to have taken part in the concert.<ref name="PyrdT"/> To make amends, in March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song "[[Save The Day (Mariah Carey song)|Save the Day]]", written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness for human rights. Berger also said that Carey "has and continues to donate her time, money and countless hours of personal service to many organizations both here and abroad."<ref name="billboard2"/> "Save the Day" remained unreleased until 2020.<ref name="SAVETHEDAYMARIAH"/> In 2013, human rights activists criticized Carey for performing in a concert for [[Angola]]'s "father-daughter kleptocracy" and accused her of accepting "dictator cash".<ref name="EAxEE"/> == Personal life == Carey began dating [[Tommy Mottola]] while recording ''Mariah Carey'',<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Carey|first1=Mariah|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1157767321|title=The meaning of Mariah Carey|date=2020|last2=Davis|first2=Michaela Angela|isbn=978-1-250-16468-1|edition=1st|pages=129|publisher=Henry Holt and Company |oclc=1157767321}}</ref> and they were married in New York City on June 5, 1993, during a half-million dollar ceremony at [[Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)|Saint Thomas Church]].<ref name="shapiro6"/> The newlyweds moved into a custom-built mansion referred to by Carey as "Sing Sing"<ref>{{cite magazine|title='Hitmaker' Tommy Mottola recalls marriage to Mariah Carey|url=https://ew.com/article/2013/01/30/mariah-carey-tommy-mottola/|first=Clark|last=Collis|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 30, 2013|access-date=August 8, 2021}}</ref> located on a 51-acre estate in [[Bedford (town), New York|Bedford, New York]], alluding to her feeling imprisoned there. After the release of ''Daydream'' and the success that followed, Carey began focusing on her personal life, which was a constant struggle at the time.<ref name="nickson38">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=156}}</ref> Their relationship began to deteriorate due to their growing creative differences in terms of her music, as well as Mottola's controlling nature.<ref name="nickson38"/> They announced their separation on May 30, 1997,<ref name="3dJzM"/> and their divorce was finalized by the time Mottola remarried on December 2, 2000.<ref name="mottola-remarries">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,621423,00.html|title=Music Mogul Marries|first=Stephen M.|last=Silverman|magazine=People|date=October 13, 1997|access-date=November 9, 2015|quote=Tommy Mottola ... married his third wife, Mexican soap opera actress Thalia Sodi, in an extravagant, all-star wedding Saturday night [Oct. 11, 1997] at New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral.}}</ref> In 1998, their home together was sold for $20.5 million to [[Nelson Peltz]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Mariah Carey's House Goes for $20M|url=https://apnews.com/article/9ce33c415b19e984ce14fdfa095a8869|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=April 21, 2021|date=May 26, 1998}}</ref> and burned down in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=DREAM MANSION REDUCED TO ASHES|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1999-12-21-9912210076-story,amp.html|newspaper=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 21, 1999|access-date=April 21, 2021|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518093653/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1999-12-21-9912210076-story,amp.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey with her children.jpg|upright=1.0|thumb|Carey with her children in 2019]] Carey was in a relationship with baseball shortstop [[Derek Jeter]] from 1997 to 1998,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2189039/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-my-all/columns/the-number-ones/|title=The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "My All"|work=Stereogum|access-date=May 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carey |first1=Mariah |last2=Davis |first2=Michaela Angela |author-link2=Michaela Angela Davis |date=September 29, 2020 |title=The Meaning of Mariah Carey}}</ref> and with singer [[Luis Miguel]] from 1998 to 2001.<ref name="Luis Miguel Relationship"/> She met actor and comedian [[Nick Cannon]] while they shot the music video for her song "[[Bye Bye (Mariah Carey song)|Bye Bye]]" on an island off the coast of [[Antigua]].<ref name="success">{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,354539,00.html|title=Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Get Wedding Tattoos|last=McKay|first=Hollie|website=[[Fox News]]|agency=Fox News Channel|date=April 3, 2008|access-date=August 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101204436/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,354539,00.html|archive-date=November 1, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> They were married on April 30, 2008, in [[the Bahamas]].<ref name="autogenerated12">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586974/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-wedding-photo-released.jhtml|title=It's Official! Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon Wedding Photo, Comments Are Released|last=Vineyard|first=Jennier|publisher=MTV News|date=April 9, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2011}}</ref> In the same year, Carey suffered a [[miscarriage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Entertainment/mariah-carey-announces-pregnancy-reveals-past-miscarriage/story?id=11992447|title=Mariah Carey Announces Pregnancy, Reveals Past Miscarriage|work=ABC News|first=Sheila|last=Marikar|date=October 28, 2010|access-date=September 3, 2022}}</ref> At 35 weeks into her next pregnancy, she gave birth to their [[fraternal twin]]s, Moroccan and Monroe, on April 30, 2011,<ref name="cmTko"/> via [[Caesarean section]].<ref name="xmnMH"/> In August 2014, Cannon confirmed he and Carey had separated.<ref name="ze40C"/> He filed for divorce on December 12, 2014,<ref name="edivorce">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/multimedia/collection/stars-who-married-their-fans/?page=9|title=Stars who married their fans|newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|access-date=November 11, 2022}}</ref> which was finalized in 2016.<ref name="I9uHJ"/> In 2015, Carey began dating Australian billionaire [[James Packer]] and, on January 21, 2016, she announced they were engaged.<ref name="WKpgR"/> By October, however, they had called off the engagement.<ref name="KgfRJ"/> In October 2016, she began dating American choreographer Bryan Tanaka.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-confirms-boyfriend/|title=Mariah Carey Finally Confirms That Bryan Tanaka Is Indeed Her Boyfriend|magazine=People|access-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> On December 26, 2023, Tanaka confirmed that he and Carey had parted ways after seven years of dating.<ref>{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Sherman|url=https://apnews.com/article/mariah-carey-bryan-tanaka-split-cf8ec4d3e8248f59ed31312d22b6da65|title=Mariah Carey and Bryan Tanaka split after 7 years together, dancer confirms|publisher=Associated Press|date=December 26, 2023|access-date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> Carey is an active [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]].<ref name="aK7Oj"/> She stated in 2006: "I do believe that I have been [[born again]] in a lot of ways. I think what I've changed are my priorities and my relationships with [[God in Christianity|God]]. I feel the difference when I don't have my private moments to pray... I'm a fighter, but I learned that I'm not in charge. Whatever God wants to happen is what's going to happen. I feel like I've had endless second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth chances. It's by the grace of God I'm still here."<ref name="wVmhp"/> In April 2018, Carey opened up about taking therapy sessions and medication for her struggle with [[bipolar II disorder]]. She was diagnosed in 2001 and initially kept the diagnosis private.<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Jess|last=Cagle|url=http://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bipolar-disorder-diagnosis-exclusive/|title=Mariah Carey: My Battle with Bipolar Disorder|magazine=People|access-date=August 8, 2021|date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> == Discography == {{Main|Mariah Carey albums discography|Mariah Carey singles discography|List of songs recorded by Mariah Carey}} {{div col}} * ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]'' (1990) * ''[[Emotions (Mariah Carey album)|Emotions]]'' (1991) * ''[[Music Box (Mariah Carey album)|Music Box]]'' (1993) * ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'' (1994) * ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995) * ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997) * ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'' (1999) * ''[[Glitter (soundtrack)|Glitter]]'' (2001) * ''[[Charmbracelet]]'' (2002) * ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005) * ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'' (2008) * ''[[Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel]]'' (2009) * ''[[Merry Christmas II You]]'' (2010) * ''[[Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse]]'' (2014) * ''[[Caution (Mariah Carey album)|Caution]]'' (2018) {{div col end}} == Filmography == {{See also|Mariah Carey videography}} {{div col}} * ''[[The Bachelor (1999 film)|The Bachelor]]'' (1999) * ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001) * ''[[WiseGirls]]'' (2002) * ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' (2003) * ''[[State Property 2]]'' (2005) * ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]'' (2008) * ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'' (2008) * ''[[Precious (film)|Precious]]'' (2009) * ''[[The Butler]]'' (2013) * ''[[A Christmas Melody]]'' (2015) * ''[[Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping]]'' (2016) * ''The Keys of Christmas'' (2016) * ''[[The Lego Batman Movie]]'' (2017) * ''[[Girls Trip]]'' (2017) * ''[[The Star (2017 film)|The Star]]'' (2017) * ''[[All I Want for Christmas Is You (film)|All I Want for Christmas Is You]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special]]'' (2020) * ''[[Mariah Carey's Magical Christmas Special#The Magic Continues|Mariah's Christmas: The Magic Continues]]'' (2021) {{div col end}} == Tours and residencies == {{Main|List of Mariah Carey live performances}} {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ''' Headlining tours ''' * [[Music Box Tour]] (1993) * [[Daydream World Tour]] (1996) * [[Butterfly World Tour]] (1998) * [[Rainbow World Tour]] (2000) * [[Charmbracelet World Tour]] (2003–2004) * [[The Adventures of Mimi]] (2006) * [[Angels Advocate Tour]] (2009–2010) * [[Australian Tour 2013 (Mariah Carey)|Australian Tour 2013]] (2013) * [[The Elusive Chanteuse Show]] (2014) * [[The Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour]] (2016) * [[Mariah Carey: Live in Concert]] (2018) * [[Caution World Tour]] (2019) * [[Merry Christmas to All! Tour]] (2022) * [[Merry Christmas One and All!]] (2023) {{col-2}} ''' Co-headlining tours ''' * [[All the Hits Tour (Lionel Richie and Mariah Carey)|All the Hits Tour]] (with [[Lionel Richie]]) (2017) ''' Residencies ''' * [[Live at the Pearl]] (2009) * [[All I Want for Christmas Is You: A Night of Joy and Festivity]] (2014–2019) * [[Number 1 to Infinity (concert residency)|#1 to Infinity]] (2015–2017) * [[The Butterfly Returns]] (2018–2020) * [[The Celebration of Mimi]] (2024) {{col-end}} == Written works == * {{cite book |title= All I Want for Christmas Is You |date=November 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Random House Children's Books]]| isbn= 978-0-399-55139-0 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/535327/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-by-mariah-carey-illustrated-by-colleen-madden/}} * {{cite book |title= The Meaning of Mariah Carey |date=September 29, 2020 |publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]]| isbn= 978-1-250-16468-1 |url=https://themeaningofmariahcarey.com/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey.html}} * {{cite book |title= The Christmas Princess (The Adventures of Little Mariah) |date=November 1, 2022 |publisher=[[Henry Holt Books for Young Readers]]| isbn= 978-1-250-83711-0 |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250837110/thechristmasprincess}} == See also == {{Portal|Biography|Pop music|United States}} * [[List of best-selling singles]] * [[List of best-selling albums]] * [[List of best-selling music artists in the United States]] * [[List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones|List of ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones]] * [[List of artists who reached number one in the United States|List of artists who reached number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100]] * [[List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart|List of artists who reached number one on the US dance chart]] * [[Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. dance chart|Artists with the most number-ones on the US dance chart]] * [[Forbes list of highest-earning musicians|''Forbes'' list of highest-earning musicians]] * [[List of largest music deals]] == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="amas">{{cite web|url=https://www.theamas.com/winners-database/?winnerKeyword=Mariah+Carey|title=Winners Database – Mariah Carey|website=theamas.com |access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="nick2">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=7}}</ref> <ref name="nick1">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=8}}</ref> <ref name="nick3">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=9}}</ref> <ref name="nick4">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=10–11}}</ref> <ref name="nick7">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=16}}</ref> <ref name="people1993">{{cite news|url=https://people.com/archive/cover-story-how-sweet-it-is-vol-42-no-21|date=November 22, 1993|volume=42|issue=21|title=How Sweet It Is|first=Steve|last=Dougherty|work=People|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235235/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0%2C%2C20106787%2C00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="nick8">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=17}}</ref> <ref name="nick9">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=18}}</ref> <ref name="nick10">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=19}}</ref> <ref name="nick13">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=22}}</ref> <ref name="nick14">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=61}}</ref> <ref name="nick17">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=25}}</ref> <ref name="nick16">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=26}}</ref> <ref name="nick18">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=28–29}}</ref> <ref name="nick19">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=33}}</ref> <ref name="Hot 100">{{cite magazine|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=mariah carey|chart=Hot 100}}|title=Mariah Carey Album & Song Chart History|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 14, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="bet">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html|title=Mariah Celebrates Twenty Years|last=Cane|first=Clay|publisher=[[BET]]|date=June 12, 2010|access-date=August 15, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="nick21">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=50–51}}</ref> <ref name="nick22">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=52}}</ref> <ref name="nick23">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=53}}</ref> <ref name="nick25">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=59}}</ref> <ref name="sales">{{cite web|url=http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/SR/MariahCarey/SICP-8076/index.html|title=Mariah Carey: Emotions|language=ja|publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]]|access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="shapiro1">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=68}}</ref> <ref name="nycc">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/arts/pop-music-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html|title=Pop Music; The Marketing Muscle Behind Mariah Carey|last=Goodman|first=Fred|work=The New York Times |date=April 14, 1991|access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="shapiro2">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=69}}</ref> <ref name="nick26">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=71}}</ref> <ref name="nickson27">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=72}}</ref> <ref name="nickson28">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|pp=77–78}}</ref> <ref name="nickson29">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=79}}</ref> <ref name="riaa">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|title=RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|access-date=January 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826033505/https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-date=August 26, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="soul">{{cite web|url=http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/|title=Mariah Carey's Music Box LP (1993) Revisited With Co-Writer Walter Afanasieff : Return to the Classics|last=Williams|first=Chris|work=Soul Culture|date=July 3, 2011|access-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710042900/http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/|archive-date=July 10, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="ger">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-2772|title=Mariah Carey –'Without You'|language=de|publisher=Offizielle Deutsche Charts|access-date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="swe">{{cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|title=Mariah Carey – "Without You" (song)|work=Swedishcharts.com|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="without">{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s|title=Mariah Carey – Without You|work=[[Ö3 Austria Top 40]]|language=de|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="bettwenty">{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html|title=BET.com Exclusive: Mariah Celebrates 20 Years; Thanks Fans|publisher=[[BET]]|access-date=August 15, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="shapiro9">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=81}}</ref> <ref name="shapiro11">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=86–87}}</ref> <ref name="mimisales2">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Let the Yuel Duel Begin|last=Thompson|first=Tom|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2008|access-date=May 10, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> <ref name="national">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0|title=Sounds of the Season|last=Hancox|first=Dan|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=November 26, 2010|access-date=December 10, 2010|archive-date=October 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007224410/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="RSS">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|title=The Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs|last=Greene|first=Andy|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=December 20, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222174247/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435|archive-date=December 22, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="shapiro12">{{harvnb|Shapiro|2001|pp=91}}</ref> <ref name="nickson35">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=134}}</ref> <ref name="nickson36">{{harvnb|Nickson|1998|p=145}}</ref> <ref name="BET.com Exclusive: Mariah Celebrates 20 Years; 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Tracklisting|last=Corner|first=Lewis|publisher=Digital Spy|date=August 2, 2001|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="PUwC1">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1672005/justin-bieber-christmas-mariah-carey.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Confirms Mariah Carey Christmas Collabo|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|publisher=MTV News|date=October 5, 2011|access-date=November 10, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="gB0XL">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/04/mariah-carey-remakes-christmas-classic-with-justin-bieber/|title=Mariah Carey Remakes Christmas Classic With Mariah Carey|magazine=Rap-Up|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="7H38K">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/31/new-music-uncle-murda-f-mariah-carey-50-cent-young-jeezy-warning-remix/|title=Mariah Carey Guests on Uncle Murda's 'Warning'|magazine=Rap-Up|access-date=November 11, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="gF4Fd">{{cite 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Buzz Media}}</ref> <ref name="NkhRe">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/touring/backbeat-mariah-carey-dazzles-during-first-1006348162.story|title=Backbeat: Mariah Carey Dazzles During First Post-Pregnancy Performance in New York|last1=Ramirez|first1=Erika|last2=Hampp|first2=Andrew|date=March 2, 2012|access-date=March 5, 2012|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> <ref name="QHmRC">{{cite web|first=Alison|last=Rowley|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a387828/mariah-carey-performs-pro-obama-song-bring-it-on-home-at-fundraiser.html|title=Mariah Carey performs pro-Obama song 'Bring It On Home' at fundraiser – Celebrity News|publisher=Digital Spy|date=June 17, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="OZQxf">{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/34221|title=News|publisher=Mariah Carey|access-date=August 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820104534/http://mariahcarey.com/news/34221|archive-date=August 20, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> --> <ref name="zlh9a">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/07/21/mariah-carey-taps-rick-ross-and-meek-mill-for-new-single-triumphant/|title=Mariah Carey Taps Rick Ross and Meek Mill for New Single 'Triumphant'|magazine=Rap-Up|date=July 21, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="HGhls">{{Cite magazine|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/23/mariah-carey-american-idol/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|title=Mariah Carey Joins 'American Idol'|date=July 23, 2012|access-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="iagqS">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20755472,00.html|title=Mariah Carey Hated Working at American Idol|magazine=People|date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="oK2UH">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2013/11/13/mariah-carey-american-idol-hated/|title=Mariah Carey on 'American Idol' gig: 'Honestly, I hated it'|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="dOcnN">{{cite web|last=Buchanan|first=Kyle|url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/07/mariah-carey-is-joining-the-butler.html|title=Mariah Carey Is Joining The Butler|website=Vulture|date=July 26, 2012|access-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> --> <ref name="UXZgN">{{cite web|last=Brooks|first=Brian|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-joins-butler-lionsgate-aims-time-again-203039567.html|title=Mariah Carey Joins The Butler; Lionsgate Aims for Time and Again: Biz Break|publisher=Yahoo!|date=July 26, 2012|access-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="6IGLQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurweb.com/2013/08/mariah-carey-to-voice-redneck-on-american-dad/|title=Mariah Carey to Voice Redneck on 'American Dad'|publisher=EURweb|date=August 2, 2013|access-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804060509/http://www.eurweb.com/2013/08/mariah-carey-to-voice-redneck-on-american-dad/ |archive-date=August 4, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="4KW72">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1537996/mariah-carey-records-new-song-for-disneys-oz-the-great-and-powerful|title=Mariah Carey Records New Song for Disney's 'Oz The Great and Powerful'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 14, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="dxIiW">{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1702187/mariah-carey-almost-home-oz-song.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Goes 'Almost Home' On New 'Oz' Track|publisher=MTV News|date=February 19, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="OGd7t">{{cite magazine|first=Gail|last=Mitchell|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/1550473/mariah-carey-recruits-the-dream-hit-boy-for-new-album-exclusive|title=Mariah Carey Recruits The-Dream, Hit-Boy For New Album: Exclusive|magazine=Billboard|date=March 1, 2013|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="64VX5">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/09/video-mariah-carey-f-miguel-beautiful/|title=Video: Mariah Carey f/ Miguel – '#Beautiful'|magazine=Rap-Up|date=May 9, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="EY7gS">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2013/05/16/video-mariah-carey-performs-medley-on-american-idol-finale/|title=Mariah Carey Performs Medley on 'American Idol' Finale|magazine=Rap-Up|date=May 16, 2013|access-date=June 1, 2013}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="SyAHl">{{cite web|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/19397912/mariah-carey-to-release-single-on-facebook/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030094827/http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/19397912/mariah-carey-to-release-single-on-facebook/|archive-date=October 30, 2013|title=Mariah Carey to release single on Facebook|publisher=Yahoo!|date=October 15, 2013|access-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> --> <!-- <ref name="KyP3T">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1722495/mariah-carey-ready-to-drop-album.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Is 'Ready' To Drop Her Album – Here's Why We Had to Wait|publisher=MTV News|date=February 18, 2014|access-date=May 28, 2014}}</ref> --> <ref name="hgG0W">{{cite magazine|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=Mariah Carey Announces 14th Album, 'Me. I Am Mariah...The Elusive Chanteuse'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6070396/mariah-carey-announces-14th-album-me-i-am-mariahthe-elusive|magazine=Billboard|date=May 1, 2014|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="jTVtt">{{cite web|url=http://mariahcarey.com/news/title/mariah-announces-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-concerts-in-nyc/|title=Mariah announces All I Want For Christmas Is You Concerts in NYC|website=mariahcarey.com|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927164543/http://mariahcarey.com/news/title/mariah-announces-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-concerts-in-nyc|archive-date=September 27, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="OytFb">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6436789/mariah-carey-announces-caesars-palace-residency|title=Mariah Carey Announces Caesars Palace Residency|magazine=Billboard|date=January 15, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="O7cwL">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2015/01/30/mariah-carey-reunites-with-la-reid-at-epic-records/|title=Mariah Carey reunites with L.A. Reid at Epic Records|magazine=[[Rap-Up]]|date=January 30, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="7bGX3">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6457962/mariah-carey-epic-records-deal-la-reid-sony-music|title=The Inside Story of How Mariah Carey and L.A. Reid Reunited (at a Fraction of Her Former $80 Million Deal)|magazine=Billboard|date=January 30, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2015|first1=Shirley|last1=Halperin|first2=Andrew|last2=Hampp}}</ref> <ref name="9kecx">{{cite news|title=Mariah Carey announces Las Vegas residency|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/01/15/mariah-carey-announces-las-vegas-residency/|access-date=February 1, 2015|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=January 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116092047/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/01/15/mariah-carey-announces-las-vegas-residency/|archive-date=January 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="PzgG0">{{cite magazine|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=Mariah Carey Announces Release Date, Tracklist For '#1 To Infinity'|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6531609/mariah-carey-release-date-tracklist-1-to-infinity|access-date=April 23, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=April 13, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="ID3nD">{{cite news|last=Motsinger|first=Carol|title=1746 43 3 Mariah Carey Christmas movie filming in Cincinnati|url=http://www.cincinnati.com/story/entertainment/movies/2015/10/07/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-filming-cincinnati/73507388/|access-date=October 7, 2015|newspaper=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]|date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="gqfpe">{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/tour|title=Tours|publisher=MariahCarey.com|access-date=January 6, 2016|archive-date=September 20, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920042246/http://www.mariahcarey.com/tour|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ptMfl">{{Cite news|last=Koblin|first=John|title=Mariah Carey to star in a series for E!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/arts/television/mariah-carey-to-star-in-a-series-for-e.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=August 13, 2017|date=March 15, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="mlAXm">{{cite 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movie|url=https://ew.com/music/2017/09/06/mariah-carey-christmas-movie-trailer/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=October 23, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="2FiIF">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts|publisher=MTV News|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|date=April 13, 1999|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="93zRj">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/carey-packs-times-square-with-early-morning-show|title=Mariah Carey – Carey Packs Times Square With Early Morning Show|magazine=Contactmusic.com|date=April 12, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Gy0mb">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654204/mariah-carey-performs-with-mother-on-holiday-tv-special.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey Performs With Mother on Holiday TV Special|last=Dinh|first=James|publisher=MTV News|date=December 12, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="HFb8H">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/mariah_saves_world_one_chalupa_time/30720|title=Carey Saves the World, One Chalupa at a Time|last=Ryan|first=Joyal|publisher=[[E!]]|date=August 29, 2006|access-date=August 18, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="uk7kr">{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2010/02/mariah-carey-to-release-duet-remix-album.html|title=Mariah Carey Will Release Duet, Remix Album|last=Kennedy|first=Gerrick|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="wVfJV">{{cite web|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30499|title=AT&T to Produce Exclusive Soundtrack for Athletes Competing in 2010 Olympic Winter Game|publisher=[[AT&T]]|date=February 26, 2010|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="6yvtj">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1449077/carey-others-sing-on-telethon.jhtml|title=Mariah Carey, Springsteen, Other Stars Sing For America on Telethon|last=Schumacher-Rasmussen|first=Eric|publisher=MTV News|date=September 22, 2001|access-date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="qjRbw">{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-12-20/entertainment/18370230_1_adoption-sings-performers|title=Flawed Gala on Adoption|last=Bianculli|first=David|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=December 20, 2001|access-date=May 10, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="wzFWc">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/894426211.html?dids=894426211:894426211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2005&author=Sarah+Rodman&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=TELEVISION%3B+Stars+shine+spotlight+on+needy+during+Katrina+relief+telethon&pqatl=google|title=Stars Shine Spotlight on Needy During Katrina Relief Telethon|last=Rodman|first=Sarah|newspaper=[[Boston Herald]]|date=September 10, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 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2011|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="EAxEE">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/20/mariah-carey-dictator-cash-angola-concert-dos-santos|title=Mariah Carey accused of accepting 'dictator cash' for Angola concert|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Sean|last=Michaels|date=December 20, 2013|access-date=December 21, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="uGMRL">{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2005-04-12/entertainment/18289697_1_voice-cover-singing|title=More Like a Screaming 'Mimi'|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=April 15, 2005|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="g5NvI">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1991/10/11/emotions/|title=Emotions|last=Berger|first=Arion|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 10, 1991|access-date=November 11, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Q5Zfi">{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-09-04/music/marked-woman/|title=Marked Woman|last=Walters|first=Barry|newspaper=[[The Village Voice]]|date=September 4, 2001|access-date=September 18, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805102117/http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-09-04/music/marked-woman/|archive-date=August 5, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="xYM1F">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820164653/http://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp|archive-date=August 20, 2006|title=100 Greatest Dance Songs: 100–91|magazine=Slant Magazine|date=April 25, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="UrIRl">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2005/12/16/10-best-mariah-carey-songs-agree/|title=The 10 best Mariah Carey songs... Agree?|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 11, 2005|access-date=November 11, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="KKHEv">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10EC2F88C5EE2870&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Roll Over Elvis – Mariah is Here|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=March 20, 2008|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="E12Ji">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/983024561.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2006&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=CAREY%2C+ON!&pqatl=google|title=Carey, On!|last=Anderson|first=Joan|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=February 6, 2006|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=July 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725040734/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/983024561.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05%2C+2006&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+GLOBE+STAFF&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=CAREY%2C+ON!&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="sRbWm">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/90254402.html?dids=90254402:90254402&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+28%2C+1990&author=&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=HER+7-OCTAVE+VOICE+FINALLY+GETS+NOTICED&pqatl=google|title=Her 7-Octave Voice Finally Gets Noticed|last=Harris|first=James|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=August 28, 1990|access-date=August 10, 2011|archive-date=February 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224055410/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/90254402.html?dids=90254402:90254402&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+28%2C+1990&author=&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=HER+7-OCTAVE+VOICE+FINALLY+GETS+NOTICED&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="HQh4d">{{cite magazine|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77383942.html?dids=77383942%3A77383942&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Aug+12%2C+1990&author=Wayne+Robins&pub=Newsday+%28Combined+editions%29&desc=Columbia%27s+New+%60Franchise%27&pqatl=google|title=Columbia's New 'Franchise'|last=Robins|first=Wayne|magazine=[[Newsday]]|date=August 12, 1990|access-date=July 6, 2017|archive-date=December 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227054034/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77383942.html?dids=77383942%3A77383942&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Aug+12%2C+1990&author=Wayne+Robins&pub=Newsday+%28Combined+editions%29&desc=Columbia%27s+New+%60Franchise%27&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> --> <ref name="Ym1CZ">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/New-CDs-558082.php|title=New CDs|newspaper=[[Times Union (Albany)|Times Union]]|date=October 13, 2000|access-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="3fqV5">{{cite web|first=Choire|last=Sicha|url=http://www.theawl.com/2009/07/is-mariah-careys-voice-just-done-for|title=Is Mariah Carey's Voice Just Done For?|publisher=The Awl|date=July 8, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603124359/http://www.theawl.com/2009/07/is-mariah-careys-voice-just-done-for|archive-date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="siSJg">{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1990/08/03/spotlight-mariah-carey/|title=Spotlight on Mariah Carey|last=Givens|first=Ron|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=August 3, 1990|access-date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="DKTHK">{{Cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/access/390123241.html?dids=390123241:390123241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+29%2C+2003&author=G.+Brown++The+Denver+Post&pub=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&desc=CAREYED+AWAY+THE+SINGER+WITH+THE+FANTASTIC+VOCAL+RANGE+BELTS+OUT+SONGS+WITH+TECHNICAL+PRECISION+AND+TOO+LITTLE+FEELING.&pqatl=google|title=Careyed away the singer with fantastic vocal range belts out songs with technical precision and too little feeling|last=Brown|first=G.|date=August 23, 2003|access-date=October 31, 2011|work=[[The Denver Post]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724231136/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/access/390123241.html?dids=390123241:390123241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+29%2C+2003&author=G.+Brown++The+Denver+Post&pub=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&desc=CAREYED+AWAY+THE+SINGER+WITH+THE+FANTASTIC+VOCAL+RANGE+BELTS+OUT+SONGS+WITH+TECHNICAL+PRECISION+AND+TOO+LITTLE+FEELING.&pqatl=google|archive-date=July 24, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="rAqlU">Katherine L. Meizel, 2002, p. 83</ref> <ref name="zefCx">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/careymariah-greatest|title=Mariah Carey: Greatest Hits|last=Powers|first=Devon|work=PopMatters|date=May 8, 2002|access-date=October 11, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="3dJzM">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/archive/swan-song-vol-47-no-23/|title=Swan Song|first1=Steve|last1=Dougherty|first2=Sue|last2=Miller|first3=Wayne|last3=Edwards|date=June 16, 1997|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=November 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154111/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20122408,00.html|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="cmTko">{{cite news|last=Christianson|first=Emily|title=Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon debut twins on '20/20'|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-debut-twins-on-2020.html|access-date=September 10, 2014|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 22, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="xmnMH">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/bodies/mariah-carey-tells-rosie-odonnell-i-lost-70-lbs-after-twins/|title=Mariah Carey Tells Rosie O'Donnell: I Lost 70 Lbs. After Twins|date=November 8, 2011|magazine=People|access-date=November 11, 2019|first=Sara|last=Hammel}}</ref> <ref name="ze40C">{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/blogs/celeb-news/nick-cannon-confirms-mariah-carey-marriage-trouble--we-are-living-apart-202727771.html|title=Exclusive: Nick Cannon Confirms He and Mariah Carey Are Living Apart|first=Taryn|last=Ryder|date=August 21, 2014|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|archive-date=July 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724132820/https://www.yahoo.com/celebrity/blogs/celeb-news/nick-cannon-confirms-mariah-carey-marriage-trouble--we-are-living-apart-202727771.html}}</ref> <ref name="I9uHJ">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/806335/mariah-carey-and-nick-cannon-s-divorce-has-been-finalized|title=Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon's Divorce Finalized|date=November 1, 2016|publisher=[[E!]]|last=Fisher|first=Kendall|access-date=November 1, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="WKpgR">{{cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/731548/mariah-carey-and-james-packer-are-engaged|title=Mariah Carey and James Packer are Engaged|publisher=E!|date=January 21, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|first=Melanie|last=Bromley}}</ref> <ref name="KgfRJ">{{cite magazine|last=Mizoguchi|first=Karen|title=Mariah Carey 'Had to Leave' James Packer Because He Was 'Not Mentally Healthy' – But His Side Claims She 'Has Issues': Sources|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-james-packer-split-mental-health-allegations/|access-date=January 21, 2024|magazine=People|date=October 28, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="aK7Oj">Mariah Carey Revisited: The Unauthorized Biography by Chris Nickson</ref> <ref name="wVmhp">{{cite magazine|title=Mariah Carey Testifies New Career Success Down to God|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/mariah.carey.testifies.new.career.success.down.to.god/7171.htm|magazine=[[Christianity Today]]|access-date=August 24, 2006|date=August 5, 2006}}</ref> <ref name="iDhym">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/426225/billboard-hot-100-no-1-song-debuts/23|title=Here Are the 27 Songs That Have Debuted at No. 1 on the Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="INSPf">{{cite news|agency=PR Newswire|url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10648016/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-is-worlds-first-double-platinum-holiday-ringtone.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112143110/http://www.thestreet.com/story/10648016/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-is-worlds-first-double-platinum-holiday-ringtone.html|archive-date=January 12, 2012|title=Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Is World's First Double Platinum Holiday Ringtone|publisher=TheStreet|date=December 17, 2009|access-date=June 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="mw7Ks">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/950681/the-top-50-rb-hip-hop-artists-of-the-past-25-years|title=The Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years|magazine=Billboard|date=November 10, 2010|access-date=November 11, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="3tEDT">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-hot-100-artists|title=Billboard Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Artists|magazine=Billboard|date=November 12, 2015|access-date=November 22, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="cgmV0">{{cite news|last=Leopold|first=Todd|title=Mariah Carey may join 'Empire,' gets Walk of Fame star|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/06/entertainment/mariah-carey-hollywood-star-empire-feat/|access-date=August 7, 2015|agency=CNN|date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> }} === Sources === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Appleman |first=Chris |year=1986 |title=The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application |location=Bloomington, IN |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35110-4}} * {{Cite web |last=Derschowitz |first=Jessica |title=Mariah Carey: I'm Pregnant |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mariah-carey-im-pregnant/ |date=October 28, 2010 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=September 14, 2017}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Du Noyer |editor-first=Paul |year=2003 |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Flame Tree Publishing |isbn=978-1-904041-70-2}} * {{Cite book |last=James |first=Harold |year=2010 |title=Guinness Rockopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessrockoped0000unse |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Guinness Publishing|isbn=978-0-85112-072-0}} * {{Cite book |last=McCann |first=Bob |year=2010 |title=Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland and Company |isbn=978-0-7864-3790-0}} * {{cite book |last=Mulholland |first=Garry |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music |year=2003 |location=UK |publisher=Flame Tree Publishing |isbn=978-1-904041-70-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2}} * {{Cite book |last=Nickson |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Nickson |title=Mariah Carey revisited |year=1998 |publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-19512-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Peckham |first=Anne |year=2005 |title=Vocal Workouts for the Contemporary Singer |url=https://archive.org/details/vocalworkoutsfor0000peck |url-access=registration |location=Boston |publisher=Berklee Press |isbn=978-0-87639-047-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Shapiro |first=Marc |year=2001 |title=Mariah Carey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-52eG8YN4tAC&pg=PA18 |location=Toronto |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=978-1-55022-444-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Sleeman |first=Chris |year=1986 |title=The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application |location=Bloomington, IN |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35110-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Soto-Morettini |first=Donna |year=2014 |title=Popular Singing and Style |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-1864-4 |oclc=880196585}} * {{Cite news |editor-last=Swaine |editor-first=Elizabeth |title='Mariah Carey' in ''The International Who's Who 2004'' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/angola/10531202/Mariah-Carey-criticised-for-Angola-president-performance.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/angola/10531202/Mariah-Carey-criticised-for-Angola-president-performance.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |year=2003}}{{cbignore}} {{refend}} === Chart references === * ''[[Fred Bronson]]'s Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition'' ({{ISBN|0-8230-7677-6}}) * ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties'' ({{ISBN|0-89820-137-3}}) * Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in ''Billboard''{{'}}s [http://www.billboard.biz/ online archive services] and print editions of the magazine. == External links == <!-- Please do not include fansites. We have a Google directory link. See [[WP:EL]] --> {{Sister project links|wikt=no |commons=Mariah Carey |b=no |n=no |q=Mariah Carey |s=no |voy=no |v=no |species=no |d=Q41076 |display=Mariah Carey}} * {{Official website}} * {{AllMusic}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Twitter}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{s-new|first}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Billboard Artist of the Decade Award|Billboard Artist of the Decade]]|years=1990s}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eminem]]}} {{s-end}} {{Mariah Carey|state=expanded}} {{Mariah Carey songs}} {{Navboxes |title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Mariah Carey|Awards for Mariah Carey]] |list = {{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist}} {{American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist}} {{Billboard Year-End number one albums}} {{Billboard Year-End Top Artists}} {{Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress}} {{Grammy Award for Best New Artist}} {{Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group}} {{Japan Gold Disc Award for Artist of the Year}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Mariah}} [[Category:Mariah Carey| ]] [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century African-American women singers]] [[Category:20th-century American women singers]] [[Category:20th-century American singers]] [[Category:20th-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century African-American women singers]] [[Category:21st-century American women singers]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American businesswomen]] [[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]] [[Category:Actresses from New York (state)]] [[Category:21st-century African-American actresses]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:African-American Episcopalians]] [[Category:African-American women singer-songwriters]] [[Category:African-American women in business]] [[Category:Age controversies]] [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American contemporary R&B singers]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American women hip hop singers]] [[Category:American women pop singers]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American music arrangers]] [[Category:American musicians with disabilities]] [[Category:American music video directors]] [[Category:American sopranos]] [[Category:American soul singers]] [[Category:American television actresses]] [[Category:American voice actresses]] [[Category:American ballad musicians]] [[Category:Columbia Records artists]] [[Category:American dance-pop musicians]] [[Category:Def Jam Recordings artists]] [[Category:Epic Records artists]] [[Category:Female music video directors]] [[Category:Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Island Records artists]] [[Category:Music video codirectors]] [[Category:Judges in American reality television series]] [[Category:People from Greenlawn, New York]] [[Category:People with bipolar disorder]] [[Category:Philanthropists from New York (state)]] [[Category:Record producers from New York (state)]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from New York (state)]] [[Category:Singers with a five-octave vocal range]] [[Category:Singers with disabilities]] [[Category:American torch singers]] [[Category:Virgin Records artists]] [[Category:American women autobiographers]] [[Category:Women hip hop record producers]] [[Category:Women who experienced pregnancy loss]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! 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