Manning, South Carolina

{{for|other places named Manning|Manning}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Manning, South Carolina
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| motto                    = "Matchless For Beauty & Hospitality"
| image_skyline            = File:Manning Commercial Historic District.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = The NRHP-listed Commercial Historic District in Manning.
| image_map                = SCMap-doton-Manning.png
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location in [[Clarendon County, South Carolina|Clarendon County]], [[South Carolina]]
| image_map1               = 
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_caption1             = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Carolina|County]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_name1        = [[South Carolina]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Clarendon County, South Carolina|Clarendon]]
| government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
| leader_title             = [[Mayor#United States|Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Julia A. Nelson
| established_date         = 
| area_total_km2           = 7.60
| area_land_km2            = 7.60
| area_water_km2           = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi         = 2.94
| area_land_sq_mi          = 2.94
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_total         = 3878
| population_est           = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| population_density_km2   = 510.17
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = -5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST           = -4
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 125
| coordinates              = {{coord|33|41|42|N|80|12|39|W|region:US-SC|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 29102
| area_code                = [[Area codes 803 and 839|803, 839]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 45-44350<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1231518<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
| website                  = {{URL|www.cityofmanning.org}}
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='45'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi = 1321.29
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| image_seal               = Manning, SC City Seal.jpg
}}
'''Manning''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Clarendon County, South Carolina|Clarendon County]], [[South Carolina]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> The population was 3,245 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]],<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4544350| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Manning city, South Carolina| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=July 1, 2015| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213055333/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4544350| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> with an estimated population in 2018 of 3,941.<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> It was named after former South Carolina governor [[John Laurence Manning]].<ref name=Manning>{{cite web | title = History of Manning | publisher = City of Manning | url = http://www.cityofmanning.org/history.html | access-date =2007-09-22}}</ref>

==History==
In 1855, the South Carolina Legislature appointed a group of commissioners to select and purchase a tract of land for "the Village of Manning" in the newly formed Clarendon County. According to the ''Watchmen'', a local newspaper of the time, "the Legislature (had) granted a bill of divorce between Clarendon and Claremont ([[Sumter County, South Carolina|Sumter]])."

Thirteen men were named as commissioners to select and acquire from {{convert|6|to|60|acre}} on which to lay out the new courthouse village: R. C. Baker, L. F. Rhame, J. C. Brock, W. W. Owens, Joseph Sprott, J. C. Burgess, M. T. Brogdon, J. J. Nelson, Samuel A. Burgess, J. J. McFadden, Jesse Hill, R. R. Haynsworth, and P. S. Worsham. Five other commissioners, R. I. Manning, L. F. Rhame, J. B. Brogdon, J. J. Conyers, and William A. Burgess, were later named when it came time to erect the courthouse and jail from a state appropriation of $18,000, plus whatever funds might be realized from the sale of lots. The site for the village was presented to the state by Captain Joseph Copley Burgess, and the Plat of Manning was prepared and filed in Sumter County Courthouse. (Captain Burgess had also donated land for the courthouse and jail in Manning.) On the second Monday of the following October, the new district officers were elected, and Clarendon began to operate independently from Sumter District with Manning as its county seat.<ref>{{cite book| last=Gregorie| first=Anne| title=History of Sumter County| year=1954| publisher=Library Board of Sumter County| location=Sumter, South Carolina| lccn=54010612| pages=232}}</ref>

The city was named for [[John Lawrence Manning]], who was elected to both chambers in the [[South Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]]. He was later chosen by the Assembly to serve as [[Governor of South Carolina]] from 1852 to 1854. George Allen Huggins was the first ''intendant'' (mayor) of Manning.

Manning's Post Office was established in 1856, and Thomas S. Coogler was appointed as the first Postmaster. Manning's first library, the Hannah Levi Memorial Library, was completed in 1910. It was funded by the children of Moses and Hannah Levi, and by the sale of the Moses Levi Institute. They named it in honor of their mother. It eventually became known as the [[Manning Library]] and was the only public library in the county. It became a county library in 1976 and continued to operate until the opening of the Harvin Clarendon County Library in 1984. The building now houses the Clarendon County Archives and History Center.<ref name="marker">{{cite web|url=http://www.lat34north.com/HistoricMarkersSC/MarkerDetail.cfm?KeyID=14-16&MarkerTitle=Hannah%20Levi%20Memorial%20Library%20/%20Manning%20Library|title=Hannah Levi Memorial Library / Manning Library Marker - Historic Markers Across South Carolina}}</ref>

Manning was severely damaged several times over its history. A large portion of the original town, including the courthouse, was destroyed in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] in 1865 during what is known as "[[Potter's Raid]]". This raid by [[Union Army|Union]] troops took place only a few days before Gen. [[Robert E. Lee]]'s [[surrender at Appomattox]]. Manning was later struck by a downtown fire in 1895 and damaged by a tornado in 1915.

[[File:Pauline Clyburn, rehabilitation client, and her children str... (3110573452).jpg|thumb|Pauline Clyburn, rehabilitation client, and her children stringing tobacco, photographed by [[Marion Post Wolcott]] (June 1939)]]
Railroads, abundant timber and diverse agriculture allowed Manning to flourish during the late 19th century and into the 20th century. In 1933, Highway 4 was changed to [[U.S. Route 301 in South Carolina|U.S. Route 301]] and thanks in part to the efforts of Manning resident W. P. Legg,{{citation needed|date=March 2010}} Manning and Clarendon County became a preferred route of the [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] to [[Florida]] motorist. Manning is along the [[Interstate 95 in South Carolina|I-95]] corridor and attracts retirees looking for various recreational activities and mild climates.

As early as 1960 Manning was one of many towns across the South for the staging of peaceful [[Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights]] demonstrations and sit-ins. Unlike in some other areas, the demonstrations in Manning occurred without significant incident, but helped belie the local media's message that black Carolinians accepted the status quo. Manning and the surrounding region was still adjusting to the decisions handed down in the ''[[Briggs v. Elliott]]'' and ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' rulings against [[racial segregation]] in schools.<ref>{{cite book| last=Edgar| first=Walter| title=South Carolina, A History| year=1998| publisher=University of South Carolina| location=Columbia, SC| isbn=1-57003-255-6| pages=536}}</ref>

In 1969 Pansy Ridgeway became the first woman to be elected mayor of Manning.<ref>{{cite book| last=Edgar| first=Walter| title=South Carolina, A History| year=1998| publisher=University of South Carolina| location=Columbia, SC| isbn=1-57003-255-6| pages=571–572}}</ref> She served as mayor of Manning from 1970 to 1996 and was the third woman elected mayor in South Carolina and the first woman elected president of the South Carolina Municipal Association.

On [[Tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022|April 5, 2022]], an EF2 tornado caused considerable damage on the western and northwestern sides of towns. Many homes, businesses, garages, trees, power poles and lines, and vehicles were damaged, some heavily.<ref name="NWSColumbia">{{cite report |url=https://www.weather.gov/cae/04052022_Tornado_Outbreak.html |title=April 5th, 2022 Tornado Outbreak |date=April 7, 2022 |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=April 25, 2022 |agency=National Weather Service in Columbia, South Carolina}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service in Columbia, South Carolina|title=NWS Damage Survey for 04/05/22 Tornado Event|url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSCAE&e=202204070231|publisher=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=April 6, 2022|access-date=April 6, 2022}}</ref>

==Government==
The city government consists of a [[Mayor–council government|mayor and a city council]]. The mayor is elected [[at-large]], and the council consists of six members who are elected from each of six districts.<ref name="citycouncil">{{cite web | title = Manning City Council | publisher = City of Manning | url = http://www.cityofmanning.org/council.php | access-date = 2010-03-16 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100416075010/http://www.cityofmanning.org/council.php | archive-date = 2010-04-16 }}</ref>

Manning is represented in the [[South Carolina Senate]] by [[Kevin L. Johnson]].  It is part of [[South Carolina's 6th congressional district]] which [[103rd United States Congress|since January 1993]] has [[United States Congressional Delegations from South Carolina#United States House of Representatives|been represented]] by [[Jim Clyburn]].

==Media==
Manning is home to ''[[The Manning Times]]''<ref>manninglive.com</ref> newspaper. It is published weekly and is updated online daily.

==Education==
Manning maintained school systems, one for black students and one for whites until court-ordered integration caused [[Manning Training School]] (for blacks) to merge with all white [[Manning High School]] in 1970. At that time, Manning Training School became Manning Middle School, then later Manning Elementary. In response, a private school, [[Laurence Manning Academy]] was created.<ref name="Baker">{{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Robert Joseph |title=Manning Training School alumni dedicate historic plaque |url=https://manninglive.com/stories/manning-training-school-alumni-dedicate-historic-plaque,14280 |access-date=6 August 2020 |date=June 9, 2016}}</ref> Manning is also the location of the F.E. DuBose Campus of [[Central Carolina Technical College]].<ref>[http://www.cctech.edu/about/3915.htm The F.E. DuBose Campus] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527100029/http://www.cctech.edu/about/3915.htm |date=2010-05-27 }} of Central Carolina Technical College</ref>

Manning  has a [[public library|lending library]], the Clarendon County Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sciway.net/lib/counties.html | title=South Carolina libraries and archives | publisher=SCIWAY | access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
Manning is located near the center of Clarendon County at {{coord|33|41|38|N|80|12|55|W|type:city}} (33.693998, -80.215408).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is just to the east of [[Interstate 95 in South Carolina|Interstate 95]] and at the intersection of [[U.S. Route 301 in South Carolina|U.S. 301]] and [[U.S. Route 521 in South Carolina|U.S. 521]]. Via I-95 it is {{convert|48|mi}} northeast to [[Florence, South Carolina|Florence]] and {{convert|35|mi}} southwest to [[Interstate 26]]. US 301 leads northeast {{convert|18|mi}} to [[Turbeville, South Carolina|Turbeville]] and southwest {{convert|10|mi}} to [[Summerton, South Carolina|Summerton]], while US 521 leads northwest {{convert|19|mi}} to [[Sumter, South Carolina|Sumter]] and southeast {{convert|15|mi}} to [[Greeleyville, South Carolina|Greeleyville]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Manning has a total area of {{convert|7.15|sqkm|order=flip}}, all land.<ref name="Census 2010"/> It is just south of the [[Pocotaligo River]], a tributary of the [[Black River (South Carolina)|Black River]].

=== Adjacent counties ===
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Clarendon County
|North     = [[Sumter County, South Carolina|Sumter County]]
|Northeast = [[Florence County, South Carolina|Florence County]]
|East      = [[Williamsburg County, South Carolina|Williamsburg County]]
|Southeast = [[Berkeley County, South Carolina|Berkeley County]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Orangeburg County, South Carolina|Orangeburg County]]
|West      = [[Calhoun County, South Carolina|Calhoun County]]
|Northwest = 
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 1069
|1900= 1430
|1910= 1854
|1920= 2022
|1930= 1884
|1940= 2381
|1950= 2775
|1960= 3917
|1970= 4025
|1980= 4746
|1990= 4428
|2000= 4025
|2010= 4108
|2020= 3878
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:45&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Manning Racial Composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4544350&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-07|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]]
|1,120
|28.88%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]]
|2,486
|64.11%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|15
|0.39%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|70
|1.81%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|102
|2.63%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|85
|2.19%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States Census]], there were 3,878 people, 1,485 households, and 1,036 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 4,025 people, 1,550 households, and 1,063 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,671.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,727 housing units at an average density of {{convert|717.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 62.36% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 35.80% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]],  0.62% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.25% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.40% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.50% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.04% of the population.

There were 1,550 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 29.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,483, and the median income for a family was $26,269. Males had a median income of $26,135 versus $19,086 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $11,502. About 23.8% of families and 30.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 38.5% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=86000US29102&_geoContext=01000US%7C86000US29102&_street=&_county=&_cityTown=&_state=&_zip=29102&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=860&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=&show_2003_tab=&redirect=Y|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212051208/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=86000US29102&_geoContext=01000US%7C86000US29102&_street=&_county=&_cityTown=&_state=&_zip=29102&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=860&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=&show_2003_tab=&redirect=Y|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|title=Census Bureau data}}</ref>

==Notable people==
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*[[Fred Bennett]], defensive back for the [[Cincinnati Bengals]]
*[[David du Bose Gaillard]], engineer of the central portion of the [[Panama Canal]], after whom the [[Gaillard Cut]] is named. He died before the work was finished.
*[[Marian McKnight]], Miss America 1957
*[[Glenn Murray (baseball)|Glenn Murray]], who played pro baseball as outfielder with the Philadelphia Phillies, starting 1996
*[[Peggy Parish]], originating author of the [[Amelia Bedelia]] series of children's books. 
*[[Darren Robinson (rapper)]], member of [[The Fat Boys]]
*[[Joseph O. Rogers, Jr.]], Democratic member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1955-1966; the 1966 Republican nominee for [[governor of South Carolina]], an attorney in Manning<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.sc.edu/scpc/Rogers.pdf|title=Joseph O. Rogers, Jr., Papers|work=library.sc.edu|access-date=May 3, 2014}}</ref>
*[[Luther Vandross]], American soul singer, lived part of his childhood in Manning

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cityofmanning.org/ City of Manning official website]
*[https://www.clarendoncountyarchives.com/ Clarendon County Archives and History Center]

{{Clarendon County, South Carolina}}
{{South Carolina county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in Clarendon County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:County seats in South Carolina]]