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Do not fill this in! {{Short description|City in Texas}} {{Redirect|Lubbock}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2014}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Lubbock, Texas | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Texas|City]] | nickname = Hub City | image_skyline = LubbockSkyline2013.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Downtown Lubbock in 2013 | image_flag = Flag of Lubbock, Texas.svg | image_seal = Lubbock tx city logo.png | image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Lubbock|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}} | map_caption = Interactive map of Lubbock | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Texas]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock]] | established_title = Settled | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = March 16, 1909 | government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]] | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Lubbock, Texas|Mayor]] | leader_name = Tray Payne ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | leader_title1 = [[City Council]] | leader_name1 = Christy Martinez <br />Shelia Patterson Harris <br />Mark McBrayer <br />Steve Massengale <br />Jennifer Wilson <br />Latrelle Joy | leader_title2 = [[City manager]] | leader_name2 = W. Jarrett Atkinson | established_date = 1889 | named_for = [[Thomas Saltus Lubbock]] | unit_pref = Imperial | area_total_km2 = 351.85 | area_land_km2 = 348.63 | area_water_km2 = 3.22 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_total = 263,930 | population_rank = [[List of United States cities by population|85th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Texas|10th]] in Texas | population_metro = 328,283 ([[Metropolitan statistical area|US: 159th]]) | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=2022Metro>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2022/metro/totals/cbsa-est2022.csv |title=Annual Resident Population Estimates for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Their Geographic Components for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 (CBSA-EST2022) |date=May 18, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |access-date=June 5, 2023 |format=CSV }}</ref> | population_urban = 272,280 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 150th]]) | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CensusUrban">{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications |title=2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications |date=December 29, 2022 |website=[[Federal Register]] |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 2, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230035004/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 = 989.2 | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 2,562.1 | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 381,271 ([[Combined statistical area|US: 100th]]) | population_blank1_footnotes = <ref name=2022CSA>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2022/metro/totals/csa-est2022.csv |title=Annual Resident Population Estimates for Combined Statistical Areas and Their Geographic Components for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 (CSA-EST2022) |date=May 18, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |access-date=June 5, 2023 |format=CSV }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Lubbockite | population_footnotes = <ref name="CensusQuickFacts">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/lubbockcitytexas/PST045222 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 5, 2023 }}</ref> | timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −5 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | elevation_ft = 3202 | elevation_m = | coordinates = {{Coord|33|35|06|N|101|50|42|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|https://ci.lubbock.tx.us}} | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = 79401-79416, 79423, 79424, 79430, 79452, 79453, 79457, 79464, 79490, 79491, 79493, 79499 | area_code = [[Area code 806|806]] | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 48-45000<ref name="CensusQuickFacts"/> | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 1374760<ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|1374760|Lubbock}}</ref> | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CensusGazetteer">{{cite web |title=202 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_48.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2022-12-20 |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318004856/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_48.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 135.85 | area_land_sq_mi = 134.60 | area_water_sq_mi = 1.24 | population_density_sq_mi = su }} '''Lubbock''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|b|ə|k}} {{respell|LUB|ək}})<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Merriam-Webster Dictionary]] |title=Lubbock |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/lubbock |access-date=2006-11-09 |edition=Online |year=2006 |publisher=Merriam-Webster Incorporated |archive-date=March 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320205623/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Lubbock |url-status=live }} The pronunciation has been newsworthy: {{cite news |first=Ray |last=Westbrook |date=July 25, 2011 |pages=A1, A5 |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |title=The linguistics of Lubb-''uh''k: The grating sound of 'Lubbick' hard on the ears of some longtime Lubbockites |url=http://lubbockonline.com/life-savvy-shopper/2011-07-24/grating-sound-lubbick-hard-ears-some-longtime-lubbockites |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052140/http://lubbockonline.com/life-savvy-shopper/2011-07-24/grating-sound-lubbick-hard-ears-some-longtime-lubbockites |url-status=live }}</ref> is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]] and the [[county seat|seat]] of [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock County]]. With a population of 263,930 in 2022,<ref name="CensusQuickFacts" /> the city is the [[List of cities in Texas by population|10th-most populous]] city in Texas and the [[List of United States cities by population|85th-most populous]] in the United States.<ref name="PopEstCities">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711040810/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is in the [[West Texas|northwestern]] part of the state (the region is the Great Plains), an area known historically and geographically as the [[Llano Estacado]], and ecologically is part of the southern end of the [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]], lying at the economic center of the [[Lubbock metropolitan area]], which had an estimated population of 328,283 in 2022.<ref name=PopEstCBSA>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lubbock's nickname, "Hub City," derives from it being the economic, educational, and health-care hub of the multicounty region, north of the [[Permian Basin (North America)|Permian Basin]] and south of the [[Texas Panhandle]], commonly called the [[South Plains]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Media Resources |publisher=Lubbock Chamber of Commerce |year=2006 |url=http://www.lubbockchamber.com/media.htm |access-date = 2006-11-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070506082350/http://www.lubbockchamber.com/media.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = May 6, 2007}}</ref> The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx |title=Lubbock Community |publisher=[[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527160140/http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx |archive-date=May 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/1/52 |title=Cotton Management Strategies for a Short Growing Season Environment: Water-Nitrogen Considerations |work=Agronomy Journal |last=Morrow |first=M. R. |author2=Kreig, D. R. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114143700/http://agron.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/82/1/52 |archive-date=January 14, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and is heavily dependent on water from the [[Ogallala Aquifer]] for [[irrigation]]. Lubbock is home to [[Texas Tech University]], the sixth-largest college by enrollment in the state. ==History== [[File:Texas - Lubbock - NARA - 68149542 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Lubbock in 1928]] {{see also|Timeline of Lubbock, Texas}} In 1867, the land that would become Lubbock was the heart of [[Comancheria]], the shifting domain controlled by the [[Comanche]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Comanche Empire |last=Hamalainnen |first=Pekka |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2009 |location=New Haven |pages=316}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Mikayla |date=2023-10-09 |title=Lubbock once territory for Indigenous tribes, non-profit says |url=https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-once-territory-for-indigenous-tribes-non-profit-says/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=KLBK {{!}} KAMC {{!}} EverythingLubbock.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Lubbock April 2022 48 (First Baptist Church).jpg|thumb|Lubbock has a large number of churches, including the downtown First [[Baptist]] congregation.]] Lubbock County was founded in 1876. It was named after [[Thomas Saltus Lubbock]], former Texas Ranger and brother of [[Francis Lubbock]], governor of Texas during the Civil War.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdl04 |title=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=February 17, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803172426/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdl04 |url-status=live }}</ref> As early as 1884, a [[United States Post Office Department|U.S. post office]] existed in [[Yellow House Canyon]]. A small town, known as Old Lubbock, Lubbock, or North Town, was established about three miles to the east. In 1890, the original Lubbock merged with Monterey, another small town south of the canyon. The new town adopted the Lubbock name. The merger included moving the original Lubbock's [[Nicolett Hotel (Lubbock, Texas)|Nicolett Hotel]] across the canyon on rollers to the new townsite. Lubbock became the county seat in 1891,<ref>Paul H. Carlson, "The Nicolett Hotel and the Founding of Lubbock", ''[[West Texas Historical Association|West Texas Historical Review]]'', Vol. 90 (2014), pp. 8-9, 11.</ref> and was incorporated on March 16, 1909. In the same year, the first railroad train arrived. Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) was founded in Lubbock in 1923. A separate university, [[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]], opened as Texas Tech University School of Medicine in 1969. Both universities are now overseen by the [[Texas Tech University System]], after it was established in 1996 and based in Lubbock. [[Lubbock Christian University]], founded in 1957, affiliated with the [[Churches of Christ]], has its main campus in the city. [[South Plains College]] and [[Wayland Baptist University]] operate branch campuses in Lubbock. At one time, Lubbock was home to [[Reese Air Force Base]], located {{convert|6|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} west of the city. It was established in August 1941, during the defense build-up prior to [[World War II]] (1941–1945), by the [[United States Department of War]] and the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] as Lubbock Army Airfield. It served the old [[United States Army Air Forces|U.S. Army Air Forces]], and later the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] (USAF), after reorganization and establishment in 1947. The USAF base's primary mission throughout its existence was pilot training. The base was closed 30 September 1997, after being selected for closure by the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] Commission in 1995, and is now a research and business park called [[Reese Technology Center]]. The city is home to the [[Lubbock Lake Landmark]], part of the [[Museum of Texas Tech University]]. The landmark is an archaeological and natural-history preserve at the northern edge of the city. It shows evidence of almost 12,000 years of human occupation in the region. The [[National Ranching Heritage Center]], also part of the Museum of Texas Tech University, houses historic ranch-related structures from the region. During World War II, airmen cadets from the Royal Air Force, flying from their training base at Terrell, Texas, routinely flew to Lubbock on training flights. The town served as a stand-in for the British for Cork, Ireland, which was the same distance from London, England, as Lubbock is from Terrell. In August 1951, a V-shaped formation of lights was seen over the city. The "[[Lubbock Lights]]" series of sightings received national publicity and is regarded as one of the first great "[[UFO]]" cases. The sightings were considered credible because they were witnessed by several respected science professors at Texas Technological College and were photographed by a Texas Tech student. The photographs were reprinted nationwide in newspapers and in ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''. [[Project Blue Book]], the USAF's official investigation of the UFO mystery, concluded the photographs were not a hoax and showed genuine objects, but dismissed the UFOs as being either "night-flying moths" or a type of bird called a [[plover]] reflected in the nighttime glow of Lubbock's new street lights. In 1960, the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] reported Lubbock's population as 128,691 and area as {{convert|75.0|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census"/> On May 11, 1970, the [[Lubbock Tornado]] struck the city. Twenty-six people died, and damage was estimated at $125 million. The [[Metro Tower (Lubbock)|Metro Tower]] (NTS Building), then known as the Great Plains Life Building, at {{convert|274|ft|m|abbr=on}} in height, is believed to have been the tallest building ever to survive a direct hit from an [[Fujita scale|F5]] tornado.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lub/climate/Local_interest_events/LUB_tornado/lubtor.html |title=Lubbock, Texas |publisher=[[National Weather Service]] Forecast Office |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061009180854/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lub/climate/Local_interest_events/LUB_tornado/lubtor.html |archive-date = October 9, 2006}}</ref> During the late 1970s to mid-1980s, [[Texas Instruments]] was a major Lubbock employer, manufacturing consumer electronics — including early calculators, digital watches, and [[TI-99/4|TI-99 series]] home computers. In the early 1980s, shipping up to 5,000 computers a day from the Lubbock factory, TI briefly dominated the U.S. home computer market.<ref name="death_1984_04_texasmonthly">[https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/death-of-texas-instruments-home-computer/ "Death of a Computer,"] April 1984, ''[[Texas Monthly]],'' retrieved September 20, 2023</ref> In August, 1988, tens of thousands of people came to Lubbock, drawn by an [[1988 Lubbock apparition of Mary|apparition of Mary]]. On August 12, 2008, the Lubbock Chamber of Commerce announced they would lead the effort to get enough signatures to have a vote on allowing county-wide packaged alcohol sales.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chamber to Lead Alcohol Petition Effort |url=http://www.myfoxlubbock.com/myfox/pages/Home/Detail?contentId=7191012&version=2&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=1.1.1&sflg=1 |publisher=My Fox Lubbock |access-date=2009-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142817/http://www.myfoxlubbock.com/myfox/pages/Home/Detail?contentId=7191012&version=2&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=1.1.1&sflg=1 |archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> The petition effort was successful and the question was put to the voters. On May 9, 2009, Proposition 1, which expanded the sale of packaged alcohol in Lubbock County, passed by a margin of nearly two to one, with 64.5% in favor. Proposition 2, which legalized the sale of mixed drinks in restaurants county-wide, passed with 69.5% in favor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lubbock County voters approve alcohol sales issues |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/051009/loc_438243037.shtml |work=Lubbock Avalanche Journal |access-date=2010-06-24 |archive-date=May 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513043225/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/051009/loc_438243037.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 23, 2009, The [[Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission]] issued permits to more than 80 stores in Lubbock.<ref name="state-clear-stores-alcohol">{{cite web |title=State will clear stores to sell alcohol today |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/092309/loc_496216511.shtml |work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |access-date=2009-09-23 |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527124350/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/092309/loc_496216511.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to May 9, 2009, Lubbock County allowed "package" sales of alcohol (sales of bottled liquor from liquor stores), but not "by the drink" sales, except at private establishments such as [[country club]]s. Inside the city limits, the situation was reversed, with restaurants and bars able to serve alcohol, but liquor stores forbidden. After news broke about Planned Parenthood of Greater Texas hiring for a Lubbock location, Senator [[Charles Perry (Texas politician)|Charles Perry]] started a petition to keep Planned Parenthood out of Lubbock.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dotray |first=Matt |title=Planned Parenthood hiring for new Lubbock location |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/08/03/planned-parenthood-hiring-for-new-lubbock-location/113838598/ |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810182709/https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/08/03/planned-parenthood-hiring-for-new-lubbock-location/113838598/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 9, 2020, Senator Perry held a press conference with Representative [[Dustin Burrows]] and Representative [[John Frullo]] in support of Lubbock becoming a "sanctuary city for the unborn" through the passage of an ordinance, written by anti-abortion activist [[Mark Lee Dickson]], which would outlaw abortion within the city limits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dotray |first=Matt |title=Lubbock's state lawmakers push city council to adopt anti-abortion ordinance |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/09/09/lubbockrsquos-state-lawmakers-push-city-council-to-adopt-anti-abortion-ordinance/113729674/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418002625/https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/09/09/lubbockrsquos-state-lawmakers-push-city-council-to-adopt-anti-abortion-ordinance/113729674/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 17, 2020, the Lubbock City Council voted 7–0 against the ordinance outlawing abortion, leading the "sanctuary city for the unborn" initiating committee to file for the ordinance to be placed on the May ballot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-18 |title=City Council rejects proposed ordinance declaring Lubbock a 'sanctuary city for the unborn' |url=https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/city-council-rejects-proposed-ordinance-declaring-lubbock-a-sanctuary-city-for-the-unborn/ |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=KLBK {{!}} KAMC {{!}} EverythingLubbock.com |language=en-US |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126162603/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/city-council-rejects-proposed-ordinance-declaring-lubbock-a-sanctuary-city-for-the-unborn/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Planned Parenthood began offering abortion services on April 15, 2021, with early voting taking place on April 19, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dotray |first=Matt |title=Abortion services now being offered at Lubbock's Planned Parenthood |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/2021/04/18/abortion-services-now-being-offered-lubbocks-planned-parenthood/7264526002/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418002626/https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/2021/04/18/abortion-services-now-being-offered-lubbocks-planned-parenthood/7264526002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 1, 2021, the citizens of Lubbock voted on the ordinance with 62% in favor and 38% against, becoming the largest "sanctuary city for the unborn" in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Najmabadi |first=Shannon |date=2021-05-02 |title=Lubbock votes to become the state's largest "sanctuary city for the unborn" |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502163615/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Planned Parenthood filed a lawsuit in an attempt to stop the ordinance from going into effect,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Najmabadi |first=Shannon |date=2021-05-18 |title=Lawsuit seeks to block Lubbock's ordinance aimed at outlawing abortions |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/17/lubbock-abortion-ban-lawsuit/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508052551/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/17/lubbock-abortion-ban-lawsuit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but lost their case after the ordinance went into effect on June 1, 2021, and a federal judge dismissed the case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Najmabadi |first=Shannon |date=2021-06-02 |title=Lawsuit to block Lubbock's abortion ban is dismissed in court as the ordinance takes effect |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/01/abortion-planned-parenthood-lubbock/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418003801/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/01/abortion-planned-parenthood-lubbock/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Planned Parenthood later appealed the decision to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, but in January 2022 withdrew their appeal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klibanoff |first=Eleanor |date=2022-01-25 |title=Planned Parenthood drops challenge to Lubbock's abortion ban |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2022/01/25/planned-parenthood-appeal-lubbock-abortion/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=April 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422123650/https://www.texastribune.org/2022/01/25/planned-parenthood-appeal-lubbock-abortion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Geography== Lubbock is considered to be the center of the Llano Estacado portion of the South Plains, with Midland on the southern edge, and Amarillo denoting the northern boundary.<ref name="Ecoregions of Texas">{{cite web |url=https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/tx/tx_front.pdf |title=Ecoregions of Texas |access-date=2021-07-18 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718113547/https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/tx/tx_front.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], as of 2022, the city has a total area of {{convert|135.85|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|134.605|sqmi|2|abbr=on}} (99.08%) are land and {{convert|1.244|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}, or (0.92%), is covered by water.<ref name="CensusGazetteer"/> The population density was {{convert|1,900|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. ===Skyline=== [[File:Wells Fargo Building Lubbock.JPG|thumb|The [[Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)|Wells Fargo Building]] is the second-tallest building in Lubbock.]] The tallest buildings in Lubbock are listed below.<ref>{{cite news |first=Adam D. |last=Young |title=City's tallest buildings likely won't face challenge for years |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |date=August 9, 2010 |url=http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2010-08-09/citys-tallest-buildings-wont-face-challenge-years |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310160816/http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2010-08-09/citys-tallest-buildings-wont-face-challenge-years |url-status=live |archive-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lubbock |publisher=SkyscraperPage |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=96 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913091837/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=96 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=High-rise buildings in Lubbock |publisher=Emporis |url=http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/high-rise-buildings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627235043/http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/high-rise-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Low-rise buildings in Lubbock |publisher=Emporis |url=http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/low-rise-buildings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627205229/http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/low-rise-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! class="unsortable"|Rank ! Name ! Height<br /><small>ft / m</small> ! Floors (Stories) ! Year Completed |- | 1 | [[Metro Tower (Lubbock)|NTS Tower]] | 274/84 | 20 | 1955 |- | 2 | [[Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)|Wells Fargo Building]] | 209/64 | 15 | 1968 |- | 3 | [[Texas Tech Media and Communication Building|TTU Media and Communication Building]] | 208/63 | 12 | 1969 |- | 4 | [[Overton Hotel]] | 165/50 | 15 | 2009 |- | 5 | TTU Architecture Building | 158/48 | 10 | 1971 |- | 6 | Citizens Tower | 153/46.5 | 11 | 1963 |- | 7 | [[Park Tower (Lubbock)|Park Tower]] | 150/46 | 15 | 1968 |- | – | Caprock Hilton Hotel (demolished) | 144/44 | 12 | 1929 |- | 8 | Lubbock County Office Building | 143/44 | 12 | 1940 |- | 9 | Pioneer Hotel | 136/41.5 | 11 | 1926 |- | 10 = | TTU Chitwood Hall | 134/41 | 12 | 1967 |- | 10 = | TTU Coleman Hall | 134/41 | 12 | 1967 |- | 10 = | TTU Weymouth Hall | 134/41 | 12 |1967 |- | 13 | Lubbock National Bank Building | 134/41 | 10 | 1979 |- | 14 | [[Covenant Medical Center]] | 114/34.5 | 10 | 1994 |- | 15 | Mahon Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse | 107/33 | 8 | 1971 |- | 16 | [[United Supermarkets Arena#Design|Victory Tower]] | 96/29 | 8 | 1999 |} ===Climate=== Lubbock has a [[semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|cool semi-arid climate]] [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen classification]] ''BSk''). On average, Lubbock receives {{convert|18.33|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rain and {{convert|7.0|in|m|abbr=on}} of snow per year.<ref name="NCEI Summary of Monthly Normals - 1991-2020"/> In 2013, Lubbock was named the "Toughest Weather City" in America according to the [[The Weather Channel|Weather Channel]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Loesh |first1=Jennifer |title=Voters declare Lubbock toughest weather city |url=http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2013-04-05/voters-declare-lubbock-toughest-weather-city#.WD8JGbIrKM8?sp-tk=D6BB022C2FC4299D01035BFC0B4955F0C9611478139537E456EB57986A319C28A603F75855B18C3875A5876ABD529513D26002F0C1CB355F601F178B65DE5FE163F4BB60929F999A736D36BA897659C1B22D626E65FD336CF31AF9406D4A442B6181AF120BA77EFE2F85B09814716BC83569003993C6978CC25183B1052DE2147DEF0809DE33D54A6B35C98FC858EE5707E12D958F61A9B72EEDB04A94A3F8226D00E991 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201023457/http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2013-04-05/voters-declare-lubbock-toughest-weather-city#.WD8JGbIrKM8?sp-tk=D6BB022C2FC4299D01035BFC0B4955F0C9611478139537E456EB57986A319C28A603F75855B18C3875A5876ABD529513D26002F0C1CB355F601F178B65DE5FE163F4BB60929F999A736D36BA897659C1B22D626E65FD336CF31AF9406D4A442B6181AF120BA77EFE2F85B09814716BC83569003993C6978CC25183B1052DE2147DEF0809DE33D54A6B35C98FC858EE5707E12D958F61A9B72EEDB04A94A3F8226D00E991 |url-status=live }}</ref> Summers are hot, with 92 afternoons on average of {{convert|90|°F|1}}+ highs and 13.3 afternoons of {{convert|100|°F|1}}+ highs, with lows of {{convert|70|°F|1}}+ on 30 mornings.<ref name = NOAA/> Lubbock is the 10th-windiest city in the US with an average wind speed of {{convert|12.4|mph|km/h m/s|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wind-speed.weatherdb.com/l/232/Lubbock-Texas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413103228/https://wind-speed.weatherdb.com/l/232/Lubbock-Texas |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-04-13 |title=Lubbock, Texas – Average Wind Speed By Month and Year |publisher=Wind-speed.weatherdb.com |access-date=2015-07-12}}</ref> The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|114|°F|1}} on June 27, 1994.<ref name = NOAA/> Winter afternoons in Lubbock are typically sunny and mild, but mornings are cold, with temperatures usually dipping below freezing, and as the city is in [[Hardiness zone|USDA Plant Hardiness Zone]] 7, lows reaching {{convert|10|°F|1|disp=or}} occur on 1.5 mornings and 4.5 afternoons occur where the temperature fails to rise above freezing. The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|−17|°F|1}} on February 8, 1933.<ref name = NOAA/> Lubbock can experience severe thunderstorms during the spring, and occasionally the summer. The risk of tornadoes and very large hail exists during the spring in particular, as Lubbock sits on the far southwestern edge of [[Tornado Alley]]. {{Weather box | location = Lubbock, Texas, 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1911–present | single line = Y | Jan record high F = 87 | Feb record high F = 91 | Mar record high F = 95 | Apr record high F = 104 | May record high F = 109 | Jun record high F = 114 | Jul record high F = 111 | Aug record high F = 109 | Sep record high F = 107 | Oct record high F = 100 | Nov record high F = 90 | Dec record high F = 83 | year record high F= 114 | Jan avg record high F = 76.0 | Feb avg record high F = 80.4 | Mar avg record high F = 87.3 | Apr avg record high F = 92.3 | May avg record high F = 98.8 | Jun avg record high F = 103.1 | Jul avg record high F = 102.1 | Aug avg record high F = 100.3 | Sep avg record high F = 97.0 | Oct avg record high F = 91.5 | Nov avg record high F = 82.1 | Dec avg record high F = 74.9 | year avg record high F= 105.3 | Jan high F = 55.0 | Feb high F = 59.7 | Mar high F = 67.8 | Apr high F = 76.0 | May high F = 84.2 | Jun high F = 91.6 | Jul high F = 93.4 | Aug high F = 92.2 | Sep high F = 84.9 | Oct high F = 75.5 | Nov high F = 63.8 | Dec high F = 55.1 | year high F= 74.9 | Jan mean F = 41.1 | Feb mean F = 45.1 | Mar mean F = 53.0 | Apr mean F = 61.2 | May mean F = 70.4 | Jun mean F = 78.6 | Jul mean F = 81.2 | Aug mean F = 79.9 | Sep mean F = 72.3 | Oct mean F = 61.8 | Nov mean F = 50.0 | Dec mean F = 41.7 | year mean F= 61.4 | Jan low F = 27.2 | Feb low F = 30.6 | Mar low F = 38.3 | Apr low F = 46.3 | May low F = 56.7 | Jun low F = 65.6 | Jul low F = 69.0 | Aug low F = 67.5 | Sep low F = 59.8 | Oct low F = 48.1 | Nov low F = 36.3 | Dec low F = 28.3 | year low F= 47.8 | Jan avg record low F = 13.4 | Feb avg record low F = 15.8 | Mar avg record low F = 21.4 | Apr avg record low F = 31.1 | May avg record low F = 41.7 | Jun avg record low F = 56.1 | Jul avg record low F = 62.1 | Aug avg record low F = 59.7 | Sep avg record low F = 46.6 | Oct avg record low F = 31.5 | Nov avg record low F = 20.0 | Dec avg record low F = 12.8 | year avg record low F= 9.1 | Jan record low F = −16 | Feb record low F = −17 | Mar record low F = −2 | Apr record low F = 18 | May record low F = 27 | Jun record low F = 39 | Jul record low F = 49 | Aug record low F = 43 | Sep record low F = 33 | Oct record low F = 16 | Nov record low F = −1 | Dec record low F = −2 | year record low F= −17 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 0.65 | Feb precipitation inch = 0.65 | Mar precipitation inch = 1.10 | Apr precipitation inch = 1.33 | May precipitation inch = 2.69 | Jun precipitation inch = 2.58 | Jul precipitation inch = 1.96 | Aug precipitation inch = 1.74 | Sep precipitation inch = 2.55 | Oct precipitation inch = 1.53 | Nov precipitation inch = 0.80 | Dec precipitation inch = 0.75 | year precipitation inch= 18.33 | Jan snow inch = 1.6 | Feb snow inch = 1.4 | Mar snow inch = 0.4 | Apr snow inch = 0.1 | May snow inch = 0.0 | Jun snow inch = 0.0 | Jul snow inch = 0.0 | Aug snow inch = 0.0 | Sep snow inch = 0.0 | Oct snow inch = 0.1 | Nov snow inch = 1.0 | Dec snow inch = 2.4 | year snow inch = 7.0 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 3.5 | Feb precipitation days = 4.2 | Mar precipitation days = 4.9 | Apr precipitation days = 4.4 | May precipitation days = 7.0 | Jun precipitation days = 7.6 | Jul precipitation days = 5.8 | Aug precipitation days = 6.4 | Sep precipitation days = 6.0 | Oct precipitation days = 5.6 | Nov precipitation days = 3.7 | Dec precipitation days = 3.6 | year precipitation days = 62.7 | unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jan snow days = 1.6 | Feb snow days = 1.4 | Mar snow days = 0.7 | Apr snow days = 0.1 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.2 | Nov snow days = 0.5 | Dec snow days = 1.2 | year snow days = 5.7 | Jan humidity = 57.9 | Feb humidity = 56.7 | Mar humidity = 49.7 | Apr humidity = 47.2 | May humidity = 52.8 | Jun humidity = 55.7 | Jul humidity = 54.5 | Aug humidity = 59.4 | Sep humidity = 64.3 | Oct humidity = 59.3 | Nov humidity = 57.7 | Dec humidity = 59.5 | year humidity = 56.2 | Jan sun = 210.1 | Feb sun = 202.9 | Mar sun = 267.8 | Apr sun = 286.3 | May sun = 310.7 | Jun sun = 326.0 | Jul sun = 338.0 | Aug sun = 318.6 | Sep sun = 261.6 | Oct sun = 258.2 | Nov sun = 214.7 | Dec sun = 201.7 | year sun = 3196.6 | Jan percentsun = 66 | Feb percentsun = 66 | Mar percentsun = 72 | Apr percentsun = 73 | May percentsun = 72 | Jun percentsun = 76 | Jul percentsun = 77 | Aug percentsun = 77 | Sep percentsun = 71 | Oct percentsun = 73 | Nov percentsun = 69 | Dec percentsun = 65 | year percentsun = 72 | source 1 = NOAA (sun and relative humidity 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lub |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=National Weather Service Climate |access-date=October 14, 2021 |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426223453/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lub |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCEI Summary of Monthly Normals - 1991-2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00023042&format=pdf |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=October 14, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124183634/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00023042&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NOAAsun>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72267.TXT |title=WMO Climate Normals for Lubbock/Regional ARPT, TX 1961–1990 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124183636/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72267.TXT |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- According to google search results, the yearly average relative humidity is 44.5%, which is more consistent with semi-arid climates. I do not know where you get your figures of 56.2% for a place that is almost a desert with little precipitation.--> }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1910= 1938 |1920= 4051 |1930= 20520 |1940= 31853 |1950= 71747 |1960= 128691 |1970= 149101 |1980= 173979 |1990= 186206 |2000= 199564 |2010= 229573 |2020= 257141 |estyear= 2022 |estimate= 263930 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2015 |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717060613/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref> }} The 2019 [[American Community Survey]]'s demographic and housing estimates program determined Lubbock had a population of 258,870, a slight increase over the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]'s population estimate of 258,862.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=2019 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4845000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=data.census.gov |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4845000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[2010 United States census]], 229,573 people, 88,506 households, and 53,042 families resided in the city. At the [[2000 United States census|2000 U.S. census]], 199,564 people, 77,527 households, and 48,531 families resided in the city. By 2020, its population grew to 257,141, down from the 2019 census estimates.<ref name="CensusQuickFacts"/> Of the population in 2019, 125,685 were male and 133,185 were female. There were 94.4 males per 100 females in the city limits. In 2019, the median age was 29.8 years; according to Move.org in 2016, Lubbock and its [[Lubbock metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] was the 6th best for residents aged 20 and older.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-17 |title=Lubbock Named One of the Best Cities for 20-Somethings |url=https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/lubbock-named-one-of-the-best-cities-for-20-somethings/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=KLBK {{!}} KAMC {{!}} EverythingLubbock.com |language=en-US |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234759/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/lubbock-named-one-of-the-best-cities-for-20-somethings/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Lubbock area was also first in Texas for [[Millennials|Millennial]] home-ownership, and 14th in the U.S. in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-21 |title=Lubbock 1st in Texas for millennial homeownership, 14th in nation |url=https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-1st-in-texas-for-millennial-homeownership-14th-in-nation/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=KLBK {{!}} KAMC {{!}} EverythingLubbock.com |language=en-US |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234759/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-1st-in-texas-for-millennial-homeownership-14th-in-nation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The median value of owner-occupied housing units were $152,800 and the gross rent for Lubbock was $976.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2019 Financial Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20rent&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP04 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=data.census.gov |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20rent&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP04 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lubbockites had a median household income of $52,254 in 2019, and a mean income of $72,144.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 ACS Annual Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20income&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=data.census.gov |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234758/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Lubbock%20city,%20Texas%20income&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, the estimated [[median income]] for a household in the city was $43,364, and for a family was $59,185. Male full-time workers had a median income of $40,445 versus $30,845 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $23,092. About 11.4% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_1YR/DP03/1600000US4845000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212095641/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/11_1YR/DP03/1600000US4845000 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (DP03): Lubbock city, Texas |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder |access-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> The city's median household income in 2000 was $31,844, and for the median family income was $41,418. Males had a median income of $30,222 versus $21,708 for females. The city's per capita income was $17,511. About 12.0% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. === Race and ethnicity === {| class="wikitable" |+'''Lubbock racial composition as of 2020'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4845000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=data.census.gov |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520131501/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4845000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref><br /> (''NH = Non-Hispanic''){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>https://www.census.gov/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |date=July 9, 2021 }} {{nonspecific|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520112546/https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} !Race !Number !Percentage |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH) |122,337 |47.58% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH) |24,599 |9.57% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH) |1,225 |0.48% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH) |9,236 |3.59% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH) |156 |0.06% |- |Some Other Race (NH) |811 |0.32% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH) |7,232 |2.81% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] |91,545 |35.6% |- |'''Total''' |'''257,141''' | |}In 2019, Lubbock had a racial and ethnic makeup of 50.1% [[non-Hispanic whites]], 7.1% [[African Americans|Blacks and African Americans]], 0.3% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians and Alaska Natives]], 2.6% [[Asian Americans|Asians]], <0.1% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander]], 0.1% some other race, and 2.4% [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. The [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic and Latino American]] population (of any race) was an estimated 37.4% of the total population.<ref name=":0" /> For comparison and contrast in 2020, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 47.58% non-Hispanic white, 9.57% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American or Alaska Native, 3.59% Asian alone, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.32% some other race, 2.81% multiracial, and 35.6% Hispanic or Latino American of any race.<ref name=":3" /> The diversifying population reflected state- and nationwide trends among traditional minority populations.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tavernise |first1=Sabrina |last2=Gebeloff |first2=Robert |date=2021-08-12 |title=Census Shows Sharply Growing Numbers of Hispanic, Asian and Multiracial Americans |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/us/us-census-population-growth-diversity.html |access-date=2022-06-04 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604015506/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/us/us-census-population-growth-diversity.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last4=Essig |first1=Alexa |last1=Ura |first2=Jason |last2=Kao |first3=Carla |last3=Astudillo |first4=Chris |date=2021-08-12 |title=People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607230948/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, the [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] of the city was 75.8% White, 8.6% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.9% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race were 32.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites were 55.7% of the population in 2010, down from 77.2% in 1970.<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Texas – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |access-date=December 10, 2017}}</ref> In 2000, the city's racial makeup was 72.9% White, 8.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 27.5% of the population. === Religion === [[Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Lubbock and its metropolitan area, being part of the [[Bible Belt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Erica Pauda A.-J. |title=Many religions practiced in local community |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/news/20180325/many-religions-practiced-in-local-community |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234759/https://www.lubbockonline.com/news/20180325/many-religions-practiced-in-local-community |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Religion in Lubbock, Texas |url=https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/texas/lubbock |website=Sperling's BestPlaces |access-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234759/https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/texas/lubbock |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2020, the largest Christian groups were [[Baptists]], followed by the [[Catholic Church]] and [[Methodism]]. The largest Baptist denominations within the Lubbock area are the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] and [[Baptist General Convention of Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBC Churches Directory |url=https://churches.sbc.net/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=churches.sbc.net |language=en-US |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811073354/https://churches.sbc.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Baptists - Churches |url=https://texasbaptists.org/churches/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=texasbaptists.org |language=en |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031165955/https://texasbaptists.org/churches/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Catholics within the metropolitan area are primarily served by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lubbock]]. Methodists are divided between the [[United Methodist Church]] and other smaller Methodist bodies. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]] dedicated a [[Lubbock Texas Temple|temple]] in the city in 2002 that serves church members living in West Texas, the Panhandle, and adjacent parts of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/lubbock-texas-temple/ |last=Satterfield |first=Rick |title=Lubbock Texas Temple |accessdate=April 3, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405235817/https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/lubbock-texas-temple/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the religious population, 1.9% practiced [[Islam]]; the Islamic religion is the second largest in the area as of 2020.<ref name=":1" /> Eastern faiths including [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were collectively the third largest groups in Lubbock, and [[Judaism]] was practiced by an estimated 0.1% of the population. ==Economy== [[File:Lubbock Texas Cone Grain Elevator 2010.jpg|thumb|Cone grain elevator, north side of Lubbock]]The Lubbock area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on federal government agricultural subsidies and on [[irrigation]] water drawn from the [[Ogallala Aquifer]]. The aquifer is being depleted at a rate [[Sustainable agriculture|unsustainable]] over the long term. Some progress has been made toward [[water conservation]], and new technologies such as low-energy precision application irrigation were originally developed in the Lubbock area. A new pipeline from [[Lake Alan Henry]] is expected to supply up to {{convert|3.2|e9USgal|m3 GL}} of water per year.<ref>{{cite web |author=Eric Finley |url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/100908/bus_341959564.shtml |title=Battle on for water until Alan Henry pipeline done | Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |publisher=Lubbock Online |date=2008-10-09 |access-date=2015-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708142948/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/100908/bus_341959564.shtml |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The 10 largest employers in terms of the number of employees are [[Texas Tech University]], [[Covenant Health System]], [[Lubbock Independent School District]], [[University Medical Center (Lubbock, Texas)|University Medical Center]], [[United Supermarkets]], City of Lubbock, [[Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]], [[AT&T Mobility|AT&T]], and [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock County]]. A study conducted by a professor at the [[Rawls College of Business]] determined Texas Tech students, faculty, and staff contribute about $1.5 billion to the economy, with about $297.5 million from student shopping alone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2008/08/26/News/Students.Return.Boosts.Universitys.BillionDollar.Impact.In.Lubbock-3403983.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828230410/http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2008/08/26/News/Students.Return.Boosts.Universitys.BillionDollar.Impact.In.Lubbock-3403983.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |title=Students' return boosts university's billion-dollar impact in Lubbock |access-date=2008-08-25 |work=[[The Daily Toreador]] |last=Graham |first=Mike}}</ref> [[File:Lubbock County South Plains Fair 2012.jpg|thumb|right|[[South Plains Fairgrounds|Panhandle-South Plains Fairgrounds]]]] ===Environmental issues=== The Scrub-A-Dubb Barrel Company, in the north of the city, had been the cause of public complaints, and committed numerous environmental violations, since the 1970s.<ref name=kcbd1>{{cite news |last=Little |first=Ann Wyatt |title=City removes Scrub-A-Dubb land from proposed zoning change |url=http://www.kcbd.com/story/10514033/city-removes-scrub-a-dubb-land-from-proposed-zoning-change |access-date=2011-09-02 |newspaper=[[KCBD|KCBD News]] |date=June 12, 2009 |archive-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064200/http://www.kcbd.com/story/10514033/city-removes-scrub-a-dubb-land-from-proposed-zoning-change |url-status=live }}</ref> Local [[KCBD]] News undertook several investigations into the barrel recycling company's waste-handling practices, and when the business closed in 2011, the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] was called in to begin cleaning up the site, which they described as "a threat to public health, welfare, and the environment".<ref name=wire>{{cite news |title=EPA takes charge of hazardous waste site in North Lubbock |url=http://www.localwireless.com/wap/news/text.jsp?carrier=google&sid=122&nid=61353184&cid=162&scid=-1&title=Local+News&ith=0 |access-date=2011-09-02 |newspaper=Lubbock Local News |date=August 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331144500/http://www.localwireless.com/wap/news/text.jsp?carrier=google&sid=122&nid=61353184&cid=162&scid=-1&title=Local+News&ith=0 |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Greg Fife, the EPA's on-site coordinator, said: "Out of the 60,000 [barrels] we have on site, we think there are between 2,000 and 4,000 that have significant hazardous waste in them". Local residents were informed, "hazardous substances have overflowed the vats and flowed off the site into nearby Blackwater Draw and subsequently through Mackenzie recreational park. The runoff is easily accessible to children at play in the park, golfers, and the park's wildlife." Remediation of the site was expected to take at least five months, at a cost of $3.5 million in federal dollars.<ref name=kcbd2>{{cite news |last=Slother |first=Michael |title=EPA takes charge of hazardous waste site in North Lubbock |url=http://www.kcbd.com/story/15362019/epa-takes-charge-of-hazardous-waste-site-in-north-lubbock |access-date=2011-09-02 |newspaper=[[KCBD|KCBD News]] |date=August 31, 2011 |archive-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064231/http://www.kcbd.com/story/15362019/epa-takes-charge-of-hazardous-waste-site-in-north-lubbock |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Arts and culture== ===Annual cultural events=== [[File:Silent Wings Museum Nov 2009.jpg|thumb|upright|Lubbock's [[Silent Wings Museum]] at the former [[South Plains Army Airfield]]]] Every year on July 4, Lubbock hosts the 4th on Broadway event, an [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] festival. The event is free to the public, and is considered the largest free festival in Texas. The day's activities usually include a morning parade, a street fair along Broadway Avenue with food stalls and live bands, the Early Settlers' Luncheon, and an evening concert/fireworks program. Broadway Festivals Inc., the [[nonprofit corporation]] which organizes the event, estimated a 2004 attendance over 175,000 people. Additionally, the College Baseball Foundation holds events relating to its [[National College Baseball Hall of Fame]] during the 4th on Broadway event. The South Plains Fair is also hosted annually, and features a wide variety of entertainment, including live music, theme-park rides, and various food items sold in a carnival-like setting. During the fair, many agricultural and livestock contests also take place, bringing many participants from the surrounding cities. The National Cowboy Symposium and Celebration, an annual event celebrating the prototypical [[American Old West|Old West]] [[cowboy]], takes place in Lubbock. The event, held in September, features art, music, [[cowboy poetry]], stories, and the presentation of scholarly papers on cowboy culture and the history of the American West. A [[chuckwagon]] cook-off and horse parade also take place during the event. ===Music=== [[File:Lubbock April 2022 05 (Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza).jpg|thumb|Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza]] The West Texas arts scene has created a "[[West Texas Walk of Fame]]" within Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza in the historic Depot District, which details musicians such as [[Buddy Holly]], who came from the local area. Lubbock continues to play host to rising and established alt-country acts at venues such as the Cactus Theater and The Blue Light Live, both on Buddy Holly Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rockhall.com/inductees/buddy-holly/bio/ |title=RockHall inductee Buddy Holly |work=rockhall.com |access-date=October 22, 2015 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119073115/http://rockhall.com/inductees/buddy-holly/bio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The spirit of Buddy Holly is preserved in the [[Buddy Holly Center]] in Lubbock's Depot District. The 2004 film ''Lubbock Lights'' showcased much of the music associated with the city of Lubbock. Lubbock is the birthplace of [[rock and roll]] legend Buddy Holly, and features a cultural center named for him. The city renamed its annual Buddy Holly Music Festival the Lubbock Music Festival after Holly's widow increased usage fees for his name. Similarly, the city renamed the Buddy Holly West Texas Walk of Fame to honor area musicians as the West Texas Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/news/43931755 |title=Lubbock scraps Holly name at two sites |access-date=2008-09-06 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |archive-date=July 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120726144857/http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/news/43931755 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On January 26, 2009, the City of Lubbock agreed to pay Holly's widow $20,000 for the next 20 years to maintain the name of the Buddy Holly Center. Additionally, land near the center will be named the Buddy and Maria Holly Plaza.<ref>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Mike |title=City approves $20k contract for Buddy Holly naming rights |work=[[The Daily Toreador]] |date=January 29, 2009 |url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2009/01/29/News/City-Approves.20k.Contract.For.Buddy.Holly.Naming.Rights-3602516.shtml |access-date=2009-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406001442/http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2009/01/29/News/City-Approves.20k.Contract.For.Buddy.Holly.Naming.Rights-3602516.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Holly's legacy is also remembered through the work of [[deejay]]s, such as [[Jerry "Bo" Coleman]], [[Bud Andrews]], and [[Virgil Johnson (singer)|Virgil Johnson]] on radio station [[KDAV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kdav.com/bandrews.html |title=KDAV DJ, Bud Andrews |publisher=[[KDAV]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725082923/http://www.kdav.com/bandrews.html |archive-date=July 25, 2008}}</ref> Groundbreaking was held on April 20, 2017, for the construction of a new performing arts center, the [[Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences]], a downtown $154 million project that opened in January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/lubbocks-153m-buddy-holly-hall-due-to-open-in-2020/38691 |title=Lubbock's $153M Buddy Holly Hall Due to Open in 2020 |website=Constructionequipmentguide.com |language=en |access-date=2019-08-07 |archive-date=August 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807161714/https://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/lubbocks-153m-buddy-holly-hall-due-to-open-in-2020/38691 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dotray |first=Matt |title=An almost grand opening: Buddy Holly Hall is open, just not in the grand way everyone expected |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/2021/01/23/buddy-holly-hall-is-open-just-not-in-the-grand-way-everyone-expected/6680214002/ |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=December 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223161339/https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/2021/01/23/buddy-holly-hall-is-open-just-not-in-the-grand-way-everyone-expected/6680214002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Holly Hall will also have concession sites and a [[bistro]] with both outdoor and indoor dining. United Supermarkets has been named the food and beverage provider. Thus far, the private group, the Lubbock Entertainment and Performing Arts Association, has raised or received pledges in the amount of $93 million. The [[Lubbock Independent School District]] and Ballet Lubbock also support the project.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://lubbockonline.com/entertainment/news/2017-04-01/restaurant-partnership-groundbreaking-date-announced-buddy-holly-hall |title=Restaurant partnership, groundbreaking date announced for Buddy Holly Hall |author=William Kerns |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |access-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401083748/http://lubbockonline.com/entertainment/news/2017-04-01/restaurant-partnership-groundbreaking-date-announced-buddy-holly-hall |url-status=live }}</ref> Lubbock is the birthplace of [[Mac Davis]] (1942–2020), who graduated at the age of 16 from Lubbock High School and became a [[country music]] [[singing|singer]], [[songwriter]], and actor with [[Crossover (music)|crossover]] success. His early work writing for [[Elvis Presley]] produced the hits "[[Memories: The '68 Comeback Special|Memories]]", "[[In the Ghetto]]", and "[[A Little Less Conversation]]". A subsequent solo career in the 1970s produced hits, such as "[[Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me]]", making him a well-known name in popular music. He also starred in his own variety show, a Broadway musical, and various films and television programs.<ref>{{cite web |author=William Kerns |url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/030208/loc_252890600.shtml |title=Mac Davis remembers his days in Lubbock | Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |publisher=Lubbock Online |date=2008-03-02 |access-date=2015-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814045935/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/030208/loc_252890600.shtml |archive-date=August 14, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Outsider music]]ian and [[psychobilly]] pioneer [[The Legendary Stardust Cowboy]] was also born in Lubbock.<ref>[[Irwin Chusid|Chusid, Irwin]]. Songs in the Key of Z: The Curious World of Outsider Music. A Capella Books.</ref> He began his musical career there, playing free shows in various parking lots around town.<ref name="ReferenceA">Rob Weiner, Texas Tech University, "West Texas' Unsung Hero: the Legendary Stardust Cowboy", West Texas Historical Association, annual meeting in Fort Worth, Texas, February 27, 2010</ref> Since striking it big, however, he has not performed in Lubbock, due to how little support and encouragement the city showed him when he was first starting out.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> John Denver got his start in Lubbock and as a freshman student at Texas Tech in 1966 could be found playing in the Student Union for free. His father was a colonel in the USAF stationed at Reese Air Force Base west of the city. The [[Lubbock Symphony Orchestra]] was founded in 1946 and performs at the [[Lubbock Memorial Civic Center|Lubbock Memorial Civic Center Theatre]]. The [[Moonlight Musicals Amphitheater]] is a 930-seat amphitheater opened in 2006. For a period was known as the Wells Fargo Amphitheater. It is used for concerts, stage shows and other special events. ===Tourism=== [[File:Joyland LubbockTX Paratrooper June 2006DSCN8445.JPG|thumb|[[Joyland Amusement Park]]]] Lubbock sits within the Texas High Plains, an eight-million-acre region that produces 80% of the state's wine grapes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Texas Wine Industry Facts |url=https://www.txwines.org/texas-wine/texas-wine-industry-facts |website=Txwines.org |publisher=Texas Wine & Grape Growers Association |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815065023/https://www.txwines.org/texas-wine/texas-wine-industry-facts/ |archive-date=August 15, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Five wineries are based near Lubbock, providing a significant draw for wine lovers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tour Texas - Lubbock |url=https://www.tourtexas.com/destinations/lubbock |website=Tour Texas |access-date=August 14, 2017 |archive-date=August 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815001317/https://www.tourtexas.com/destinations/lubbock |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[National Ranching Heritage Center]], a museum of [[ranching]] history, is in Lubbock. It features a number of authentic early Texas [[ranch]] buildings, as well as a railroad depot and other historic buildings. An extensive collection of weapons is also on display.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cowboy.org/About/History-And-Purpose |title=National Cowboy Symposium & Celebration, Inc. (Lubbock, Texas) |publisher=cowboy.org |access-date=September 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826204027/http://www.cowboy.org/About/History-And-Purpose |archive-date=August 26, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Southwest Collection, an archive of the history of the region and its surroundings, which also works closely with the College Baseball Foundation, is on the campus of Texas Tech University, as are the Moody Planetarium and the Museum of Texas Tech University. The Depot District, an area of the city dedicated to music and nightlife in the old railroad depot area, boasts theatres, upscale restaurants, and cultural attractions. The district is also home to several shops, pubs, nightclubs, a radio station, a magazine, a winery, a salon, and other establishments. Many of the buildings were remodeled from the original Fort Worth & Denver South Plains Railway Depot which stood on the site. The Buddy Holly Center, a museum highlighting the life and music of Buddy Holly, is also in the Depot District, as is the restored community facility, the [[Cactus Theater]]. Lubbock is also home to the [[Silent Wings Museum]]. Located on North I-27, Silent Wings features photographs and artifacts from World War II-era glider pilots. The Science Spectrum is an interactive museum and 58-foot, domed-screen "omni theatre<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the OMNI – SCIENCE SPECTRUM & OMNI THEATER |url=https://www.sciencespectrum.org/about-the-omni/ |access-date=2021-12-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=December 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223162743/https://www.sciencespectrum.org/about-the-omni/ |url-status=live }}</ref>" with a special focus on children and youth. ===National Register of Historic Places=== [[File:Lubbock Texas Old Federal Courthouse.jpg|thumb|[[Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building]], constructed in 1932.]] *[[Cactus Theater]] *Canyon Lakes Archaeological District *[[Carlock Building]] *Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway Depot *Fred and Annie Snyder House *Holden Properties Historic District *[[Kress Building (Lubbock, Texas)|Kress Building]] *[[Lubbock High School]] *[[Lubbock Lake Landmark]] *[[Lubbock Post Office and Federal Building]] *South Overton Residential Historic District *[[Texas Technological College Dairy Barn]] *[[Texas Technological College Historic District]] *[[Tubbs-Carlisle House]] *[[Warren and Myrta Bacon House]] *[[William Curry Holden]] and Olive Price Holden House ==Sports== [[File:Ebritton.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A [[Texas Tech Red Raiders football]] game]] The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders]] are in the [[Big 12 Conference]] and field 17 teams in 11 different varsity sports. Men's varsity sports at Texas Tech are baseball, basketball, [[Cross country running|cross country]], football, golf, tennis, and indoor and outdoor track and field. Women's varsity sports are basketball, cross country, golf, indoor and outdoor track and field, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball. The university also offers 30 club sports, including cycling, [[equestrianism]], ice hockey, [[Lacrosse (sport)|lacrosse]], [[polo]], [[rodeo]], [[Rugby union|rugby]], running, sky diving, swimming, water polo, and wrestling. In 2006, the polo team, composed of Will Tankard, Ross Haislip, Peter Blake, and Tanner Kneese, won the collegiate national championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polobarn.com/events/events2006/march06/032306_nationals.html |title=2006 Collegiate Polo Championships |publisher=The Polo Zone |access-date=October 11, 2008 |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517153803/http://www.polobarn.com/events/events2006/march06/032306_nationals.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders football|football]] program has been competing since October 3, 1925. The Red Raiders have won 15 conference titles and been to 50 bowl games, winning five of the last seven. The [[Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball|men's basketball]] program, started in 1925, <!-- out of date and presently coached by [[Billy Gillispie]],--> has been to the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] 18 times—advancing to the Sweet 16 seven times, and the Elite Eight twice, and in 2019 they reached the Final Four and were the NCAA Tournament Runner-Up under coach [[Chris Beard]]. [[Bob Knight]], [[Basketball Hall of Fame|hall-of-famer]] and second-winningest coach in men's college basketball history, coached the team from 2001 to 2008. Of the varsity sports, Texas Tech has had its greatest success in women's basketball. Led by [[Sheryl Swoopes]] and head coach [[Marsha Sharp]], the Lady Raiders won the [[NCAA Women's Basketball Championship]] in 1993. The Lady Raiders have also been to the NCAA Elite Eight three times and the NCAA Sweet 16 seven times. In early 2006, Lady Raiders coach Marsha Sharp resigned and was replaced on March 30, 2006, by [[Kristy Curry]], who had been coaching at [[Purdue Boilermakers|Purdue]]. In addition, Lubbock is the home of the Chaparrals of [[Lubbock Christian University]]. With a recent move up to NCAA Division 2, the women's basketball team has won the 2016 and 2019 national championships.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lcu.edu/about-lcu/news/article/detail/News/undefeated-lady-chaps-take-national-championship-title-lcu-celebrates/hash/a4cd80d00d1913bd123057412806fd0c/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814060922/https://lcu.edu/about-lcu/news/article/detail/News/undefeated-lady-chaps-take-national-championship-title-lcu-celebrates/hash/a4cd80d00d1913bd123057412806fd0c/ |archive-date = August 14, 2017 |title=LCU: Blog}}</ref> In 2009, the Lubbock Christian University<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lcu.edu/ |title=Home |publisher=Lcu.edu |access-date=2015-07-12 |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430061806/http://www.lcu.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> baseball team won their second NAIA National Championship. High-school athletics also feature prominently in the local culture. === Professional and Semi-professional teams === The [[Lubbock Renegades]], a member of the [[af2]], a developmental league of the [[Arena Football League (1987–2008)|Arena Football League]], were in operation from 2006 to 2008.The team played in the former [[Lubbock Municipal Coliseum|Lubbock Memorial Coliseum]]. The [[Lubbock Cotton Kings]], of the former Central Hockey League, operated from 1999 to 2007. In 2021, [[National Premier Soccer League]] announced the formation of the [[Lubbock Matadors SC]] in the 2022 season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=Lubbock Matadors Join the NPSL for the 2022 Season |url=https://www.npsl.com/17172/ |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=National Premier Soccer League |language=en-US |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141228/https://www.npsl.com/17172/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Little League=== In 2007, the Lubbock Western All-Stars Little League Baseball team made it to the final four of the [[2007 Little League World Series|Little League World Series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.littleleague.org/series/2007divisions/llbb/series.htm |title=2007 Little League World Series |publisher=Little League Baseball |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110110706/http://www.littleleague.org/series/2007divisions/llbb/series.htm |archive-date=January 10, 2018 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ==Parks and recreation== [[File:Mackenzie Park, Lubbock, TX IMG 1644.JPG|thumb|Entrance to Mackenzie Park]] In March 1877, during the [[Buffalo Hunters' War]], the [[Battle of Yellow House Canyon]] took place at what is now the site of Mackenzie Park. Today, Mackenzie Park is home to the now closed [[Joyland Amusement Park]], [[Prairie Dog]] Town, and both a [[disc golf]] and a regular golf course. The park also holds the [[American Wind Power Center]], which houses over 100 historic windmills on {{convert|28|acre|ha|abbr=off}}. Two tributaries of the [[Brazos River]] wind through Mackenzie Park, which is collectively part of the rather extensive Lubbock Park system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.traveltex.com/pg/Activity.aspx?id=966cfb5b-6be4-41f1-9d95-7b3b16b73f8b |title=Mackenzie Park/Prairie Dog Town |publisher=Texas Travel |access-date=July 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210344/http://www.traveltex.com/pg/Activity.aspx?id=966cfb5b-6be4-41f1-9d95-7b3b16b73f8b |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lubbockhospitality.com/mackenzie |title=Lubbock's Mackenzie Park |publisher=Lubbock Hospitality |access-date=July 11, 2007 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929084417/http://lubbockhospitality.com/mackenzie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> These two streams, [[Yellow House Draw]] and [[Blackwater Draw]], converge in the golf course, forming the head of [[Yellow House Canyon]], which carries the waters of the [[North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River]].<ref name=Board>United States Board on Geographical Names. 1964. Decisions on Geographical Names in the United States, Decision list no. 6402, United States Department of the Interior, Washington DC, p. 54.</ref> Lubbock is home to numerous parks, scattered throughout the city. Most parks feature a small lake and attract waterfowl of various species. One of Lubbock's larger lakes, Dunbar Historic Lake, lies in Dunbar Historic Lake Park, near Mackenzie Park. Drainage exits into the North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River. The park features miles of hiking trails and the [[Crosbyton-Southplains Railroad]] trestle, built in 1911, which spans the North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the park's southeast end. This trestle has become known by many locals as "Hell's Gate" or "[[Hell's Gate Trestle]]" for its supposed paranormal activity.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-09 |title=Hell's Gates: A Haunted Texas Railroad Trestle Near Buddy Holly's Grave |url=https://texashillcountry.com/hells-gates-haunted-railroad-trestle/ |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=Texas Hill Country |language=en-US |archive-date=December 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223154831/https://texashillcountry.com/hells-gates-haunted-railroad-trestle/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many parks in Lubbock are home to a series of Playa Lakes. Often small in size, the lakes serve as reservoirs for stormwater and irrigation runoff, and are an important part of the West Texas High Plains ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Playa Lakes |url=https://tpwd.texas.gov/landwater/land/habitats/high_plains/wetlands/playa.phtml |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=tpwd.texas.gov |archive-date=December 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230141856/https://tpwd.texas.gov/landwater/land/habitats/high_plains/wetlands/playa.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Playa lakes generally drain from one to another over land during a rainfall event, but many were connected as part of an underground drainage project in the early 2000s to avoid flooding. ==Government== ===Municipal government=== {{See also|List of mayors of Lubbock, Texas|Mayoral elections in Lubbock}} {| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; float:right; margin: .5em;" |+ '''City government (as of January 2021):'''<ref name="Lubbock-City Council">{{cite web |url=https://ci.lubbock.tx.us/pages/city-government/city-council |title=Lubbock City Council |access-date=2021-01-20 |work=City of Lubbock, Texas |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120223540/https://ci.lubbock.tx.us/pages/city-government/city-council |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Mayor||[[Dan Pope]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) |- | District 1 || Juan A. Chadis |- | District 2 || Shelia Patterson Harris |- | District 3 || Jeff Griffith |- | District 4 || Steve Massengale |- | District 5 || Randy Christian |- | District 6 || Latrelle Joy (Mayor Pro Tem) |} Lubbock has a [[council-manager government]] system, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a [[city council]].<ref name="charter">{{cite web |url=http://codes.franklinlegal.net/lubbock-flp/lpext.dll/Infobase/heading%20100001.htm/heading%20200002.htm |title=Lubbock City Charter |access-date=July 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914060130/http://codes.franklinlegal.net/lubbock-flp/lpext.dll/Infobase/heading%20100001.htm/heading%20200002.htm |archive-date=September 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Voters elect six council members, one for each of Lubbock's six districts, and a mayor.<ref name="charter" /> The council members serve for a term of four years, and the mayor serves for two years.<ref name="charter" /> After the first meeting of the city council after newly elected council members are seated, the council elects a mayor ''pro tempore'', who serves as mayor in absence of the elected mayor.<ref name="charter" /> The council also appoints a city manager to handle the ordinary business of the city.<ref name="charter" /> Currently, no term limits are set for either city council members or the mayor. After a previous attempt failed in the city council, Lubbock approved by popular referendum a "sanctuary city for the unborn" ordinance, seeking to outlaw [[abortion]] within city limits.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Lubbock's sanctuary city proposition approved by voters |url=https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-votes-to-become-largest-city-in-u-s-to-ban-abortion/ |work=[[KAMC|EverythingLubbock.com]] |date=May 1, 2021 |access-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513112402/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/local-news/lubbock-votes-to-become-largest-city-in-u-s-to-ban-abortion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ordinance went into effect shortly thereafter and the only abortion clinic stopped providing abortion care. Planned Parenthood sued and a federal judge upheld the ordinance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Najmabadi |first=Shannon |date=May 1, 2021 |title=Lubbock votes to become the state's largest "sanctuary city for the unborn" |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/ |work=[[The Texas Tribune]] |access-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-date=May 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502163615/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/01/lubbock-abortion-vote-sanctuary-unborn/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Politics=== {{PresHead|place=Lubbock, Texas|whig=no|source1=}} <!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> {{PresRow|2020|Republican|60,537|35,818|1,645|Texas}} {{PresFoot|2016|Republican|51,033|24,963|4,674|Texas}}In the [[Texas House of Representatives]], Lubbock County is covered by districts [[Texas's 83rd House of Representatives district|83]] and [[Texas's 84th House of Representatives district|84]]. According to a study released by the nonpartisan Bay Area Center for Voting Research in 2005, Lubbock is the second-most [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] city in the United States among municipalities greater than 100,000 in population.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 16, 2005 |title=Study Ranks America's Most Liberal and Conservative Cities |url=http://americancityandcounty.com/content/study-ranks-americas-most-liberal-and-conservative-cities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701060037/http://americancityandcounty.com/content/study-ranks-americas-most-liberal-and-conservative-cities |archive-date=July 1, 2014 |access-date=March 16, 2014 |publisher=GovPro}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;" |+City of Lubbock vote by party in Class II Senate elections !Year ![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ![[Third party (United States)|Other]] |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2020 United States Senate election in Texas|2020]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |33.5% ''32,513'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''63.2%''' ''61,255'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |3.3% ''3,156'' |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2014 United States Senate election in Texas|2014]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |22.1% ''8,034'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''77.9%''' ''28,298'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |0.00% ''0'' |- |} John Cornyn went from a nearly 80% win in the city in 2014 to a barely 63% win in 2020. {| class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;" |+City of Lubbock vote by party in Class I Senate elections !Year ![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ![[Third party (United States)|Other]] |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2018 United States Senate election in Texas|2018]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |38.6% ''28,868'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''60.6%''' ''45,404'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |0.8% ''606'' |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;" |+City of Lubbock vote by party in Gubernatorial elections !Year ![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ![[Third party (United States)|Other]] |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2018 Texas gubernatorial election|2018]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |32.9% ''24,536'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''64.6%''' ''48,131'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |2.5% ''1,862'' |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2014 Texas gubernatorial election|2014]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |24.8% ''9,335'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''75.2%''' ''28,331'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |0.00% ''0'' |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="float:center; margin:1em; font-size:95%;" |+City of Lubbock vote by party in Lieutenant Gubernatorial elections !Year ![[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ![[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ![[Third party (United States)|Other]] |- | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[2018 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election|2018]] | align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}} |37.5% ''22,847'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''59.3%''' ''44,016'' | align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}} |3.2% ''2,345'' |- |} ==Education== ===K-12 Schools=== [[File:Lubbock April 2022 52 (Lubbock High School).jpg|thumb|right|[[Lubbock High School]]]] Schools in Lubbock are operated by several public school districts and independent organizations. Public school districts with sections serving the Lubbock city limits:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48303_lubbock/DC20SD_C48303.pdf |title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lubbock County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-25 |archive-date=June 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625215820/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48303_lubbock/DC20SD_C48303.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Lubbock Independent School District]] *[[Frenship Independent School District]] *[[Idalou Independent School District]] *[[Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District]] *[[New Deal Independent School District]] *[[Roosevelt Independent School District]] *[[Shallowater Independent School District]] Private schools: *[[All Saints Episcopal School (Lubbock, Texas)|All Saints Episcopal School]] *[[Christ the King Cathedral School]] *[[Trinity Christian High School (Lubbock, Texas)|Trinity Christian School]] *Lubbock Christian High School *Kingdom Preparatory Academy *Southcrest Christian School Charter schools: * Harmony Science Academy * Sharp Academy ===Higher education=== {{Main|List of colleges and universities in Lubbock, Texas}} [[File:TTUadmin.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Texas Tech University]]]] Lubbock is home to [[Texas Tech University]], which was established on February 10, 1923, as Texas Technological College. It is the leading institution of the [[Texas Tech University System]] and has the [[List of universities in Texas by enrollment|seventh-largest enrollment]] in the state of Texas. It is one of two schools (the other being [[University of Texas at Austin|UT Austin]]) in Texas to house an undergraduate institution, law school, and medical school at the same location. Altogether, the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries. Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years, and growth is on track with a plan to have 40,000 students by 2020. Lubbock is also home to other college campuses in the city, including [[Lubbock Christian University]], [[South Plains College]], [[Wayland Baptist University]], and [[Sunset International Bible Institute]]. [[Covenant Health System]], a health-care provider serving West Texas and Eastern New Mexico, operates a school of nursing, school of [[radiography]], and school of [[Surgical technologist|surgical technology]]. ==Media== {{see also|List of newspapers in Texas|List of radio stations in Texas|List of television stations in Texas}} Lubbock's main newspaper is the daily ''[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]'', which is owned by [[Gannett]]. The newspaper also publishes a full-color lifestyle magazine,'' Lubbock Magazine'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thelubbockmagazine.com |title=Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |publisher=Thelubbockmagazine.com |access-date=2015-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909152103/http://www.thelubbockmagazine.com/ |archive-date=September 9, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> eight times a year. Texas Tech University publishes a student-run daily newspaper called ''[[The Daily Toreador]]''. Local TV stations include [[KTTZ-TV]]-5 ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]), [[KCBD]]-11 ([[NBC]]), [[KLBK]]-13 ([[CBS]]), [[KLCW-TV]]-22 ([[The CW]], with [[MyNetworkTV]] on DT2), [[KAMC]]-28 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), and [[KJTV-TV]]-34 ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]). [[Texas Tech University Press]], the book- and journal-publishing office of Texas Tech University, was founded in 1971, and as of 2012, has about 400 scholarly, regional, literary, and children's titles in print. ===Radio=== *88.1 [[KTXT-FM]] (College) *88.5 [[K203CB]] (Christian Contemporary) *89.1 [[KTTZ-FM]] (Public Radio) *89.7 [[KLTB]] (Spanish Christian) *90.1 [[KAMY-FM]] (Christian Contemporary) *90.5 [[KBAH]] (Religious) *90.9 [[KKLU]] (Christian Contemporary) *91.5 [[K218DI]] (Religious) *91.9 [[KPGA (FM)]](Christian Contemporary) *92.3 [[K222CQ]] [[KLZK]] (Hip Hop) *92.7 [[KVCE]] (Religious) *93.1 [[K226CH]] [[KTTU-FM]] (Texas Country) *93.7 [[KLBB-FM]] (Classic Hits) *94.1 [[K231BE]] [[KLZK]] (Classic Country) *94.5 [[KFMX]] (Active Rock) *95.1 [[K236CP]] [[KFYO (AM)]] (News & Talk) *95.5 [[KAIQ]] (Regional Mexican) *95.9 [[K240FA]] [[KRFE]] (Talk) *96.3 [[KLLL]] (Country) *96.9 [[K245BG]] [[KTTU-FM]] (Classic Country) *97.3 [[KTTU-FM]] (Sports) *97.7 [[K249DU]] [[KTTU-FM]] (Oldies) *98.1 [[KKCL-FM]] (Classic Hits) *98.7 [[K254CI]] (Christian Contemporary) *99.1 [[KLCT]] [[LPFM]] (Religious) *99.5 [[KQBR]] (Country) *100.3 [[KMMX]] (Top-40) *100.7 [[K264AN]] (Sports Talk) *101.1 [[KONE-FM]] (Classic Rock) *101.7 [[K269HH]] [[KKLU]] (Christian Contemporary) *102.1 [[K271DE]] [[KAMY-FM]] (Christian Contemporary) *102.5 [[KZII]] (Top-40) *102.9 [[KVIO-FM]] [[LPFM]] (Religious) *103.5 [[KAMZ]] (Regional Mexican) *103.9 [[K280GU]] [[KKAM]] (Talk) *104.3 [[KHLK]] (Religious) *104.9 [[KBTE]] (Hip Hop) *105.3 [[KJDL-FM]] (Spanish Christian) *105.7 [[KRBL]] (Texas Country) *106.5 [[KXTQ-FM]] (Tejano) *106.9 [[KKYN]] (Country) *107.3 [[KSSL]] (Classic Country) *107.7 [[KLZK]] (Hot Adult Contemporary) ==Infrastructure== The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the Lubbock District Parole Office in Lubbock.<ref>[http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff5.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926122729/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff5.htm|date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> The [[Texas Department of Transportation]] operates the West Regional Support Center and Lubbock District Office in Lubbock.<ref>[http://www.txdot.gov/contact_us/west_region.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005232057/http://www.txdot.gov/contact_us/west_region.htm|date=October 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.txdot.gov/local_information/lubbock_district/contact_us.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005231919/http://www.txdot.gov/local_information/lubbock_district/contact_us.htm|date=October 5, 2012}}</ref> The [[United States Postal Service]] operates post offices in Lubbock. ===Transportation=== ====Highways==== [[File:Downtown Lubbock 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Lubbock seen from [[Interstate 27 (Texas)|I-27]]]] Lubbock is served by major highways. [[Interstate 27 (Texas)|Interstate 27]] (the former Avenue H) links the city to [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]] and [[Interstate 40 (Texas)|Interstate 40]], a transcontinental route. I-27 was completed through the city in 1992 (it originally terminated just north of downtown). Other major highways include [[U.S. Highway 62 (Texas)|US 62]] and [[U.S. Highway 82 in Texas|US 82]], which run concurrently (except for 4th Street via US 82 and 19th Street via US 62) through the city east–west as the Marsha Sharp Freeway, 19th Street (US 62 only), 4th Street/Parkway Drive (US 82 only) and [[Idalou, Texas|Idalou]] Highway. [[U.S. Highway 84 (Texas)|US 84]] (Avenue Q/[[Slaton, Texas|Slaton]] Highway/[[Clovis, New Mexico|Clovis]] Road) is also another east–west route running northwest–southeast diagonally. [[U.S. Highway 87 (Texas)|US Highway 87]] runs between [[San Angelo, Texas|San Angelo]] and Amarillo and follows I-27 concurrently. [[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]] runs east–west, following US 62/82 on the east before going its own way. Lubbock is circled by [[State Highway Loop 289 (Texas)|Loop 289]], which suffers from traffic congestion despite being a potential bypass around the city, which is the reason behind I-27 and Brownfield Highway being built through the city to have freeway traffic flow effectively inside the loop. The city is set up on a simple [[grid plan]]. In the heart of the city, numbered streets run east–west and lettered avenues run north–south – the grid begins at Avenue A in the east and First Street in the north. North of First Street, city planners chose to name streets alphabetically from the south to the north after colleges and universities. The north–south avenues run from A to Y. What would be Avenue Z is actually University Avenue, since it runs along the east side of Texas Tech. Beyond that, the A-to-Z convention resumes, using US cities found east of the [[Mississippi River]] (e.g. Akron Avenue, Boston Avenue, Canton Avenue). Again, the Z name is not used, with Slide Road appearing in its place. ====Rail service==== Lubbock currently does not provide [[intercity rail]] service, although various proposals have been presented over the years to remedy this. One, the ''[[Caprock Chief]]'', would have seen daily service as part of a [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Texas—[[Denver]], Colorado service, but it failed to gain interest.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lubbock officials backing plans for Amtrak rail service |url=http://www.amarillo.com/stories/080201/tex_amtrakrail.shtml |date=August 2, 2001 |work=[[Amarillo Globe-News]] |access-date=2008-05-14 |first=Chris |last=Van Wagenen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604000244/http://amarillo.com/stories/080201/tex_amtrakrail.shtml |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Lubbock is served by the BNSF Railway company, Plainsman Switching Company (PSC), and [[West Texas and Lubbock Railway|West Texas & Lubbock Railway]] (WTLC). PSC interchanges with BNSF (also with UP through a UP-BNSF Haulage agreement) in Lubbock and has 19 miles of track within city limits of Lubbock with 36 customers. Options exist for transloading a variety of materials on the line, from wind-turbine parts to steel shafts. PSC handles many commodities such as cottonseed, cottonseed oil, cottonseed meal, cottonseed hulls, milo, corn, wheat, pinto beans, sand, rock, lumber, nonperishable food items, chemicals, paper products, brick, and bagging material, and can also store cars. WTLC interchanges with BNSF (also with UP through a UP-BNSF Haulage agreement) in Lubbock. WTLC has a yard on the west side of Lubbock, where they switch cars to go down their line to Levelland or to Brownfield. WTLC handles commodities of grains, chemicals, sands, peanuts, lumber, etc. ====Airports==== {{See also|Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport}} [[File:Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport IMG 0260.JPG|thumb|right|[[Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport]]]] The city's air services are provided by [[Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport]], which is named for the Lubbock businessman who became [[lieutenant governor]] and governor of Texas. It is on the city's northeast side. The airport is the eighth-busiest airport in Texas. Lubbock Preston Smith Airport also plays host as a major hub to FedEx's feeder planes that serve cities around Lubbock. ====Intercity bus service==== [[Greyhound Lines]] operates the Lubbock Station at 801 Broadway, just east of the Lubbock County Courthouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greyhound.com/home/TicketCenter/en/terminal.asp?city=681791 |title=Greyhound |publisher=Greyhound |access-date=2015-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122230451/https://www.greyhound.com/home/TicketCenter/en/terminal.asp?city=681791 |archive-date=November 22, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ====Public transportation==== {{See also|Citibus (Lubbock)}} Public transportation is provided by [[Citibus (Lubbock)|Citibus]], a bus transit system running Monday through Saturday every week with a transit center hub in downtown. It runs bus routes throughout the city, with the main routes converging at the Downtown Transfer Plaza, which also houses the Greyhound bus terminal. Citibus has been in continual service since 1971, when the city of Lubbock took over public transit operations. The paratransit system is called Citiaccess. Citibus' six [[diesel-electric hybrid bus]]es have begun service on city routes. Managers hope the buses will use 60% of the fuel their older, larger versions consume in moving customers across the city. The buses seat 23 passengers, can support full-sized [[wheelchair]]s, and will run on all but two city-based routes. ====Modal characteristics==== According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 80.9% of working Lubbock (city) residents commuted by driving alone, 12.9% carpooled, 1% used public transportation, and 1.5% walked. About 1.5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxi, bicycle, and motorcycle. About 2.3% worked at home.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Census Reporter |title=Means of Transportation to Work by Age |access-date=May 7, 2018 |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US4845000&primary_geo_id=16000US4845000 |archive-date=May 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054041/https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US4845000&primary_geo_id=16000US4845000 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, 7.3% of Lubbock households were without a car, which decreased to 5.6% in 2016. The national average was 8.7% in 2016. Lubbock averaged 1.74 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |journal=Governing |date=December 9, 2014 |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |access-date=May 7, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Milwaukee Avenue==== In the early years of the 21st century, Lubbock turned its Milwaukee Avenue into a major thoroughfare. Previously, Milwaukee was a 4-mile dirt road on farm land with hardly any traffic a mile or more from major development. With growth headed westward, the city allocated nearly $20 million to convert the road into a seven-lane concrete thoroughfare. In 2004, the city funded the project and other developments to come by establishing a new fund that tapped part of the franchise fees received. As of 2018, more than $124 million in street construction has been possible from the fund, including Slide Road, 98th Street, Indiana Avenue, and the last phases of the [[U.S. Route 82 in Texas|Marsha Sharp Freeway]]. Public Works Director Wood Franklin said Milwaukee Avenue was conceived on the "build it and they will come" theory. Marc McDougal, then the mayor of Lubbock, described the project as a well calculated risk that subsequently greatly benefited the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/20180728/leaders-say-lubbocks-milwaukee-avenue-took-creative-funding-project-of-similar-scope-not-foreseen |title=Leaders say Lubbock's Milwaukee Avenue took creative funding, project of similar scope not foreseen |author=Matt Dotray |date=July 28, 2018 |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |access-date=August 7, 2018 |archive-date=August 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807190016/http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/20180728/leaders-say-lubbocks-milwaukee-avenue-took-creative-funding-project-of-similar-scope-not-foreseen |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Lubbock Power and Light=== The majority of Lubbock is served by [[Lubbock Power and Light]], founded in 1916. After over 100 years of service, LP&L has decided to join the [[Electric Reliability Council of Texas]] and open the Lubbock market to competitive electricity providers. Their recent anticipated approval by the [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] (FERC) has been approved as of September 28, 2023. LP&L is on track to be the first municipally owned utility to enter the competitive market in ERCOT on March 4, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/politics/government/2023/10/26/lpl-lubbocks-competitive-electric-shopping-window-to-open-jan-2024/71333556007/ |title=Competitive electric shopping window to open Jan. 2024 |website=lubbockonline.com |date=2023-10-26 |access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> ==Notable people== <!--consensus reached to standardize this heading per WP:WikiProject Cities/US Guideline --><!-- NOTICE * * * NOTICE * * * NOTICE * * * * * * * * * * * *NOTICE * * * NOTICE * * * NOTICE• Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability. • The article must mention how they are associated with the community, whether born, raised, or residing. • The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited. • Alphabetical by last name please • All others will be deleted without further explanation END OF NOTICE * * * * * * * * * * * * END OF NOTICE * * * * * * * * * * * *END OF NOTICE --> ===Arts and science=== {{div col}} * [[Chace Crawford]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Chace Crawford |url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chace-crawford/bio/282707 |publisher=2014 CBS Interactive Inc. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233656/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chace-crawford/bio/282707 |url-status=live }}</ref> actor, notable for roles in [[The Covenant (2006 film)|The Covenant]], ''[[Gossip Girl (TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'' and ''[[The Boys (TV series)|The Boys]]'' * [[Dan Flores]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Dan Flores |url=http://www.cas.umt.edu/history/people/facultyDetails.php?id=628 |publisher=The University of Montana |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607011918/http://www.cas.umt.edu/history/people/facultyDetails.php?id=628 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a writer and [[historian]] who specializes in cultural and environmental studies of the [[American West]] who began his academic career at Texas Tech University * [[Bryan A. Garner]], Lawyer, [[lexicographer]], and teacher. * [[J. Michael Bailey]], [[psychologist]] and professor at [[Northwestern University]], was born in Lubbock{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} * [[Jill Goodacre]], model and actress * [[Rick Husband]], Astronaut and graduate from Texas Tech University * [[Joshua Meyer (artist)|Joshua Meyer]], artist * [[Gabor B. Racz]], professor of [[anesthesiology]] at Texas Tech University Health Science Center, is the inventor of the Racz catheter<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |author=Robin Briscoe |title=Memories of escape from Hungary still burn bright |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/110506/loc_110506065.shtml |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124844/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/110506/loc_110506065.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Wayne Tippit]] (1932–2009), American television and stage character actor * [[Erik Valdez]], actor * [[Helen Wagner]] (1918–2010), television actress ''([[As the World Turns]])'' * [[Spencer Wells]], a [[geneticist]], grew up in Lubbock and graduated from [[Lubbock High School]] * [[Kevin D. Williamson|Kevin Williamson]], ''National Review'' roving correspondent, grew up in Lubbock and once worked for the ''[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]'' * [[Micah Wright]],{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} author {{div col end}} ===Military=== * [[James Honea]], 16th [[Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy]] ===Music=== {{div col}} * [[Josh Abbott]], singer of [[Texas country music|Texas country]] band Josh Abbott Band * [[Terry Allen (country singer)|Terry Allen]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Terry Allen |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-allen-mn0000026510/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003313/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-allen-mn0000026510/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Texas country music|Texas country]] and [[outlaw country]] singer-songwriter, painter and conceptual artist * [[Ponty Bone]], singer, accordion player<ref>Ruhlmann, William. "Ponty Bone Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2014</ref> * [[Wade Bowen]], [[Texas Country]]/[[Red Dirt (music)|Red Dirt]] singer * [[Mac Davis]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Mac Davis |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mac-davis-mn0000185669/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003425/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mac-davis-mn0000185669/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> [[country music]] singer, songwriter, and actor * [[Travis Garland]] of the band [[NLT (band)|NLT]] * [[Jimmie Dale Gilmore]], [[Butch Hancock]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Butch Hancock |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/butch-hancock-mn0000525664/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811003111/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/butch-hancock-mn0000525664/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Joe Ely]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Ely |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/joe-ely-mn0000152002/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=March 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303014157/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/joe-ely-mn0000152002/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> (collectively known as [[The Flatlanders]]) * [[Pat Green]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Pat Green |date=September 24, 2006 |url=http://americanprofile.com/articles/singer-pat-green/ |publisher=2014 American Profile, Publishing Group of America |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232403/http://americanprofile.com/articles/singer-pat-green/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Texas country music artist * [[Buddy Holly]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norwine |first=Doug and Shrum, Gary |title=Heritage Auction Galleries Presents the Maria Elena Collection of Buddy Holly Memorabilia Auction Catalog |date=2006 |publisher=Heritage Capital Corporation |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hsys7auEM2sC&pg=PA33 |isbn=9781599670515}}</ref> musician and singer-songwriter who was a central and pioneering figure of mid-1950s [[rock and roll]] * [[Bobby Keys]],<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Rolling Stones Saxophonist Bobby Keys Dead at 70 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rolling-stones-saxophonist-bobby-keys-dead-at-70-64076/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=3 November 2020 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109223949/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/rolling-stones-saxophonist-bobby-keys-dead-at-70-64076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> saxophonist * [[Logan Lynn]], singer, musician, writer, composer, singer, producer * [[Lloyd Maines]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lloyd Maines |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lloyd-maines-mn0000273133 |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531213153/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/lloyd-maines-mn0000273133 |url-status=live }}</ref> of [[The Maines Brothers Band]] * [[Natalie Maines]], singer of the band [[The Chicks]]{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} * [[Delbert McClinton]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Delbert McClinton |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/delbert-mcclinton-mn0000815236/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023410/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/delbert-mcclinton-mn0000815236/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> American [[blues rock]] and [[electric blues]] singer-songwriter, guitarist, harmonica player, and pianist * [[Richie McDonald]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Richie McDonald |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/richie-mcdonald-mn0000295506/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203032438/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/richie-mcdonald-mn0000295506/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> lead singer of [[Lonestar]] until 2007 * [[Kevin Morby]], indie folk singer-songwriter * [[Cory Morrow]], Texas country singer-songwriter * [[Daron Norwood]], American 90's country singer, signed to [[Giant Records (Warner Bros. subsidiary label)|Giant]] * [[Legendary Stardust Cowboy|Norman Carl Odam (aka The Legendary Stardust Cowboy)]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman Carl Odam |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/legendary-stardust-cowboy-mn0000193581 |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=December 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229215906/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/legendary-stardust-cowboy-mn0000193581 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Pete Orta]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/011297/apersist.htm |title=A persistent calling to play |access-date=May 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193751/http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/011297/apersist.htm |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> of the Christian rock group [[Petra (band)|Petra]] * [[Amanda Shires]], singer-songwriter and [[fiddle]] player * [[Josh Wilson (musician)|Josh Wilson]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Josh Wilson |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/josh-wilson-mn0000990625/biography |publisher=2014 AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203023548/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/josh-wilson-mn0000990625/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> a [[contemporary Christian music]]ian. * [[Flatland Cavalry]], a country and Americana band. {{div col end}} ===Politics=== {{div col}} * [[William H. Bledsoe]], [[Texas State Senate|State Senator]] who in 1923 pushed for the legislation and the first $1 million appropriation which brought Texas Tech University to Lubbock * [[William John Cox]] (Billy Jack Cox), political activist * [[Robert L. Duncan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert L. Duncan |url=http://www.duncan.senate.state.tx.us/ |publisher=The Senate of Texas |access-date=June 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606235614/http://www.duncan.senate.state.tx.us/ |archive-date=June 6, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> an American politician and the fourth chancellor of the [[Texas Tech University System]] * [[John Frullo]],<ref>{{cite web |title=John Frullo |url=https://house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=84 |publisher=Texas House of Representatives |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506123056/http://www.house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=84 |url-status=live }}</ref> is a [[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]] politician who represents district 84 in the Texas House of Representatives * [[Delwin Jones]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Texas House District 83 |url=https://www.texastribune.org/directory/districts/tx-house/83/ |website=Texas Tribune |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111065520/https://www.texastribune.org/directory/districts/tx-house/83/ |url-status=live }}</ref> late American politician, who, prior to 2011, was the oldest member of the Texas House of Representatives, having represented what became, and what remains District 83 based in the area surrounding Lubbock * [[Mickey Leland]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Mickey Leland |url=http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16887 |publisher=Office of the Historian: history@mail.house.gov Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk: art@mail.house.gov, archives@mail.house.gov |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607002118/http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16887 |url-status=live }}</ref> late [[Texas house of representatives|Texas U.S. Representative]] * [[John T. Montford]],<ref>{{cite web |title=John T. Montford |url=http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?pers_id=3198 |publisher=StateCemetery@tfc.state.tx.us |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010115/http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?pers_id=3198 |url-status=live }}</ref> former member of the [[Texas State Senate]] from [[Texas Senate, District 28|District 28]], based about Lubbock. He is also a former [[district attorney]] for [[Lubbock County, Texas|Lubbock County]] and a former chancellor of the Texas Tech University Systems * [[James C. Nance]], co-founder of Plains Journal, Oklahoma community newspaper chain publisher and [[Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]], [[President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate]] and member [[Uniform Law Commission]] * [[Charles Perry (Texas politician)|Charles Perry]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Perry |url=https://house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=83 |publisher=Texas House of Representatives |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501211521/http://www.house.texas.gov/members/member-page/?district=83 |url-status=live }}</ref> member of the [[Texas State Senate]] from West Texas [[Texas Senate, District 28|District 28]] which contains the two cities of Lubbock and [[San Angelo]] * [[Preston Smith (governor)|Preston Earnest Smith]], a long-time resident of Lubbock, was the 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973 and earlier served as the lieutenant governor from 1963 to 1969<ref>{{cite web |title=Preston Earnest Smith |url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_texas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_smith_preston.html |publisher=National Governors Association |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010522/http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_texas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_smith_preston.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{div col end}} ===Sports=== {{div col}} * [[Ruben Castillo (boxer)|Ruben Castillo]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=187&cat=boxer |title=Ruben Castillo |publisher=Box Rec |access-date=May 31, 2014 |archive-date=March 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330060458/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=187&cat=boxer |url-status=live }}</ref> boxer * [[Madisyn Cox]],<ref>Wood, Andrew (June 16, 2021). [https://www.kcbd.com/2021/06/17/lubbock-native-madisyn-cox-misses-trip-olympic-games-by-02-seconds/ "Lubbock native Madisyn Cox misses trip to Tokyo Olympics by .02 seconds"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722033532/https://www.kcbd.com/2021/06/17/lubbock-native-madisyn-cox-misses-trip-olympic-games-by-02-seconds/ |date=July 22, 2021 }}. ''[[KCBD]]''. Retrieved July 21, 2021.</ref> competitive [[Swimming (sport)|swimmer]] * [[Mason Crosby]],{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} [[American football]] [[placekicker]] for the [[Green Bay Packers]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL) * [[Jarrett Culver]], [[shooting guard]] for the [[Memphis Grizzlies]] * [[Craig Ehlo]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Craig Ehlo |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/e/ehlocr01.html |publisher=2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927113656/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/e/ehlocr01.html |url-status=live }}</ref> basketball player * [[Anthony Lynn]], [[American football]] [[head coach]] of the [[Los Angeles Chargers]] who coached at Texas Tech University * [[Greg Minton]], former [[Major League Baseball]] pitcher * [[Donnie Moore]], baseball player * [[Terry Norris (boxer)|Terry Norris]], boxer * [[Orlin Norris]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Orlin Norris |url=http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=515&cat=boxer |publisher=BoxRec |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327071845/http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=515&cat=boxer |url-status=live }}</ref> boxer * [[Mark Payne (basketball)|Mark Payne]], professional basketball player * [[Ron Reeves (gridiron football)|Ron Reeves]],{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} former [[American football]] [[quarterback]] * [[Micheal Ray Richardson]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ray Richardson |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/richami01.html |publisher=2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=September 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915075117/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/r/richami01.html |url-status=live }}</ref> basketball player and coach * [[Daniel Santiago]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Daniel Santiago |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/santida01.html |publisher=2000–2014 Sports Reference LLC. |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410105509/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/santida01.html |url-status=live }}</ref> former professional [[basketball]] player * [[W. E. Shattuc]], who raced in the [[Indianapolis 500]] in 1925, 1926, and 1927 * [[Ryan Tannehill]], quarterback for the [[Miami Dolphins]] and later, the [[Tennessee Titans]] * Don Wayne ([[Bubba Shobert]]), National Motorcycle Champion * [[Trae Young]], point guard for the [[Atlanta Hawks]] * [[Shea Salinas]], soccer player for the [[San Jose Earthquakes]] {{div col end}} * [[Patrick Mahomes]], star quarterback who as of 2024, won 3 super bowls with the Chiefs. * [[Josh Jung]], Third Baseman and hitter for the Texas Rangers. ==Sister cities== ===Current sister cities=== *{{flagdeco|Japan}} City of [[Musashino, Tokyo]], Japan – relationship established 1983<ref name="Lubbock Sister Cities">{{cite news |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/030301/loc_030301050.shtml |date=March 3, 2001<!--Lubbock Sister Cities--> |access-date=August 7, 2010 |author=Enrique Rangel |title=City Council hopes sister city commission pays off |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527124316/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/030301/loc_030301050.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> ==See also== {{portalbar|Geography|North America|United States|Texas}} *[[Rosenthal Field]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== {{See also|Timeline of Lubbock, Texas#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Lubbock, Texas}} * {{Cite book |title=Historic Lubbock County: An Illustrated History |author1=Abbe, Donald R. |author2=Carlson, Paul H. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |publisher=Historical Pub Network |isbn=978-1-893619-90-6}} * {{Cite book |title=Llano Estacado: An Island in the Sky |editor-last1=Bogener |editor-first1=Stephen |editor-last2=Tydeman |editor-first2=William |year=2011 |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |isbn=978-0-89672-682-6}} * {{Cite book |title=West Texas: A Portrait of Its People and Their Raw and Wondrous Land |author1=Cochran, Mike |author2=Lumpkin, John |name-list-style=amp |year=1999 |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |isbn=978-0-89672-426-6}} * {{Cite book |title=Art Lives in West Texas |author=Martin, Conny McDonald |year=2003 |publisher=Pecan Press |isbn=978-0-9670928-1-2}} * {{Cite book |title=Sex, Murder, and the Unwritten Law: Courting Judicial Mayhem, Texas Style |author=Neal, Bill |year=2009 |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |isbn=978-0-89672-662-8}} * {{Cite book |title=Across Time and Territory: A Walk through the National Ranching Heritage Center |author=Pfluger, Marsha |year=2004 |publisher=National Ranching Heritage Center |isbn=978-0-9759360-0-9}} ==External links== {{sister project links|c=Category:Lubbock, Texas|voy=Lubbock}} *[https://ci.lubbock.tx.us Official Website] *[https://www.lubbockchamber.com Lubbock Chamber of Commerce] *[https://visitlubbock.org Visit Lubbock] *{{Handbook of Texas |id = HDL04 |name = Lubbock}} *{{osmway|33300880}} {{Geographic location |Center = Lubbock |North = [[Abernathy, Texas|Abernathy]] & [[Plainview, Texas|Plainview]] |Northeast = [[Floydada, Texas|Floydada]] |East = [[Crosbyton, Texas|Crosbyton]] |Southeast = [[Slaton, Texas|Slaton]] & [[Post, Texas|Post]] |South = [[Tahoka, Texas|Tahoka]] |Southwest = [[Wolfforth, Texas|Wolfforth]] & [[Brownfield, Texas|Brownfield]] |West = [[Levelland, Texas|Levelland]] |Northwest = [[Littlefield, Texas|LittleField]] }} {{Lubbock, Texas}} {{Lubbock County, Texas}} {{Texas county seats}} {{Texas}} {{USPopulousCities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Lubbock, Texas| ]] [[Category:Cities in Texas]] [[Category:Cities in Lubbock County, Texas]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1876]] [[Category:County seats in Texas]] [[Category:1876 establishments in Texas]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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