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Do not fill this in! {{Short description|State of Nigeria}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Kaduna State | official_name = | type = [[States of Nigeria|State]] | image_skyline = File:Kaduna State Collage.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Kaduna State Flag.png | flag_alt = Flag of Kaduna State | image_seal = Coat of arms of Kaduna State.png | seal_alt = Seal of Kaduna State | nickname = [[List of Nigerian state nicknames|Centre of Learning]] | image_map = Nigeria - Kaduna.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Kaduna State in Nigeria | coordinates = {{coord|10|20|N|7|45|E|region:NG_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | established_title = [[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date created]] | established_date = 27 May 1967 | seat_type = [[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]] | seat = [[Kaduna]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = Government of Kaduna State | leader_party = [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] | leader_title = [[Kaduna State Governor|Governor]]<ref>See [[List of governors of Kaduna State]] for a list of prior governors</ref> | leader_name = [[Uba Sani]] | leader_title1 = {{nowrap|[[Deputy Governor of Kaduna State|Deputy Governor]]}} | leader_name1 = [[Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe]] | leader_title2 = Legislature | leader_name2 = [[Kaduna State House of Assembly]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Judge of Kaduna State|Chief Judge]] | leader_name3 = Tukur Mu’azu | leader_title4 = [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kaduna#The 4th Parliament (2019 - 2023))|National Assembly delegation]] | leader_name4 = [[Senate of Nigeria|Senators]]: {{unbulleted list|{{Nowrap|[[Kaduna Central Senatorial District|C]]: [[Lawal Adamu Usman]] ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br/>{{Nowrap|[[Kaduna North Senatorial District|N]]: Khalid Ibrahim Mustapha ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}<br/>{{Nowrap|[[Kaduna South Senatorial District|S]]: [[Sunday Marshall Katunɡ]] ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])}}}}<br/>[[Nigerian House of Representatives|Representatives]]: [[Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kaduna#The 4th Parliament (2019 - 2023))|List]] | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 46053 | area_rank = [[List of Nigerian states by area|4th of 36]] | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{ref|prelim|1}} | population_total = 6,113,503<ref name="PHC Tables">{{cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2006 census | population_est = 9,032,200 | pop_est_as_of = 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna State: Subdivision |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA019__kaduna/|access-date=2024-02-07 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> | population_rank = [[List of Nigerian states by population|4th of 36]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | demographics_type1 = [[List of Nigerian states by GDP|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Year | demographics1_info1 = 2021 | demographics1_title2 = Total | demographics1_info2 = $27.88 billion<ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web |date=2022-10-13 |year=2022 |editor-last=Okeowo |editor-first=Gabriel |editor2-last=Fatoba |editor2-first=Iyanuoluwa |title=State of States 2022 Edition |url=https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Budgit.org |publisher=BudgIT |publication-date=2022-10-13}}</ref><br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|11th of 36]] | demographics1_title3 = Per capita | demographics1_info3 = $2,905<ref name="C-GIDD GDP" /><br />[[List of Nigerian states by GDP|14th of 36]] | timezone1 = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset1 = +01 | postal_code_type = postal code | postal_code = 8000014 | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:NG|NG-KD]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.511<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index|25th of 37]] | website = [http://kdsg.gov.ng/] | footnotes = {{note|prelim|1}} Preliminary results | imagesize = 300px }} '''Kaduna State''' ({{lang-ha|Jihar Kaduna}}, جىِهَر كَدُنا; مدينة كدونا; {{lang-ff|Leydi Kaduna|script=Latn}}, {{lang|ff-Adlm|𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢}}; {{lang-kcg|Si̱tet Ka̱duna}}) is a [[States of Nigeria|state]] in the northwest geopolitical zone of [[Nigeria]]. The state capital is its namesake, the city of [[Kaduna]], which was the [[List of Nigerian cities by population|8th largest city]] in the country as of 2006. Created in 1967 as '''North-Central State''', which also encompassed the modern [[Katsina State]], Kaduna State achieved its current borders in 1987. Kaduna State is the [[List of Nigerian states by area|fourth largest]] and [[List of Nigerian states by population|third most populous]] state in the country, Kaduna State is nicknamed the ''Centre of Learning'', owing to the presence of numerous educational [[Higher education|institutions]] of importance within the state such as [[Ahmadu Bello University]].<ref name=":1" /> Modern Kaduna State is home to the sites of some of Africa's oldest civilizations, including the [[Nok culture|Nok civilization]] that prospered from {{circa|[[1500s BC (decade)|1500 BC]]}} to {{circa|[[AD 500|500 AD]]}}.<ref name="PB 2014">Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.</ref><ref name="FB 1969">Fagg, Bernard. 1969. Recent work in west Africa: New light on the Nok culture. World Archaeology 1(1): 41–50.</ref> In the 9th century, [[geographer]] and historian [[Ya'qubi]] documented the existence of the [[Hausa Kingdoms]], which existed until the region was incorporated into the [[Sokoto Caliphate]] in the early 1800s. During the [[Colonial Nigeria|colonial]] era, the city of Kaduna was made the capital of [[Northern Nigeria Protectorate]] by British leadership. The state economy is dependent on [[agriculture]], especially [[cotton]] and [[Peanut|groundnut]] production.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> In the modern era, Kaduna State has been the site of violent [[Demographics of Nigeria|ethnic]] and [[Religion in Nigeria|religious]] conflict,<ref>{{cite web|date=5 February 2021|title=El-Rufai vows to restore Kaduna to its past glory|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/el-rufai-vows-to-restore-kaduna-to-its-past-glory/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-date=16 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216224821/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/el-rufai-vows-to-restore-kaduna-to-its-past-glory/|url-status=live}}</ref> with the 2002 [[Miss World riots]] in the state capital over purported [[blasphemy]] leading to around 250 deaths and the loss of homes for around 30,000.<ref name="HRWimpunity">{{cite web|date=23 July 2003|title=The "Miss World Riots": Continued Impunity for Killings in Kaduna|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2003/07/22/miss-world-riots/continued-impunity-killings-kaduna|access-date=7 April 2014|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|archive-date=8 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508011956/https://www.hrw.org/report/2003/07/22/miss-world-riots/continued-impunity-killings-kaduna|url-status=live}}</ref> == Etymology == The most widespread etymology for the word ''Kaduna'' is that, it is a corruption of the [[Hausa language|Hausa]] plural for crocodile, {{Lang|ha|kadduna|italic=yes}}, as there used to be many crocodiles in the [[Kaduna River|Kaduna River.]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|title=Kaduna {{!}} Location, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=28 July 2019|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419131059/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref> Another version of the etymology of the name is a narrative linked to the [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]] word/name 'Odna' for the Kaduna River.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language|last=Shekwo|first=Joseph Amali|publisher=Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University|year=1979|location=Zaria}}</ref> ==History== [[Zazzau]], a [[List of Nigerian traditional states|traditional state]] which lies within the province's capital, is said to have been founded in 1536. It would later be renamed to Zaria after the younger sister of [[Amina (Queen of Zazzau)|Queen Amina]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Bonnie G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&q=Zauzau,+or+Zaria,+was+a+very+important+trade+center+and+one+of+a+series+of+Hausa+states+established+after+the+fall+of+the+Songhai+empire,+which+covered+most+of+northern+and+western+Africa+into+the+ninth+century.+Zaria+came+to+dominate+th |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195148909 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Hausa people]] of [[Zaria]] are said to be the old ancestral of the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Zaria {{!}} Nigeria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zaria-Nigeria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106065218/https://www.britannica.com/place/Zaria-Nigeria |archive-date=6 November 2016 |access-date=5 November 2016 |newspaper=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=M.G |first=Smith |title=Government in Zazzau: A study of Government in the Hausa Chiefdom of the Zaria in Northern Nigeria from 1800-1950 |publisher=Oxford University Press for the International African Institute |year=1960 |isbn=978-0197242018}}</ref>{{Clarification needed|reason=Old ancestral what? Can ancestral function as a noun in Nigerian English or this just a dangling adjective?|date=March 2024}} It is indicative that the name, Kaduna, was taken up by Lord [[Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard|Frederick Lugard]] and his colonial colleagues when they moved the capital of the then Northern Region from [[Zungeru]] to Kaduna City in 1916. This move of the colonial office to Kaduna city started in 1912–1918/20, with the initial effort having been made in 1902 from Jebba to Zungeru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-29 |title=History Of Kaduna State |url=https://nigeriazipcodes.com/10556/history-of-kaduna-state/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Nigeria Zip Codes |language=en-US}}</ref> At the start of British colonial rule in northern Nigeria, the people groups who lived in the area became 'Northern Nigerians'- a construct which continues even today. By 1967 these people groups again carved into 'North Central State'; this was the case until 1975 that 'Kaduna State' was formerly created by the then military leader, Gen. [[Murtala Mohammed]], with all distinct identities amalgamated into one state without a referendum. The state hence is the successor of the old [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] of Nigeria, which had its capital at Kaduna which is now the state capital to about 6.3 million people (Nigerian census figure, 2006). In 1967, the old [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] was divided into six states in the north, leaving Kaduna as the capital of North-Central State, whose name was changed to Kaduna State in 1976. Meanwhile, Kaduna State was further divided in 1987, creating [[Katsina State]]. Under the governance of Kaduna are the ancient cities of [[Zaria]], [[Kafanchan]], and [[Nok]]. The most intriguing aspect of this area is that the colonial construction and its post-colonial successor called 'Nigeria' hardly documented the history or the method of how Kaduna State's people groups encompassed in these constructs define and identify themselves. As such, the people groups who populate the area have lived in near oblivion or obscurity as they are often thought of as [[Hausa people]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} In 2019 Kaduna State celebrated its 100-year anniversary, making it one of the oldest states in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-42383714 |title=Kalli hotunan bikin cika shekara 100 da kafa Kaduna |work=BBC Hausa |date=17 December 2017 |language=ha |access-date=8 December 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309200407/https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-42383714 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Kaduna State was the site of several major attacks done by bandits involved in the [[Nigerian bandit conflict]]. On 24 February, at least 34 were killed in [[February 2021 Kaduna and Katsina attacks|attacks in Kaduna and neighboring Katsina state]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/25/gunmen-kill-36-in-attacks-in-northern-nigeria|title=Gunmen kill 36 in attacks in northern Nigeria|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|date=25 February 2021|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> On 11 March, [[Afaka kidnapping|39 students were kidnapped]] when gunmen attacked the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukoya |first=Sam |date=2021-03-12 |title=Gunmen abduct 39 students from school in northwest Nigeria |url=https://apnews.com/article/world-news-forestry-nigeria-shootings-1ce1206015d976eb6d14a1bfa5c642a9 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> On 20 April, in another raid by bandits on [[Greenfield University]] students and staff, [[Greenfield University kidnapping|22 were kidnapped and 6 of them were killed.]]<ref>{{cite news |date=22 April 2021 |title=Bandits raid Varsity kidnapped 23 students and killed 5 of them |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/bandits-raid-varsity-kidnap-23-students-attack-army-base/amp/&ved=0ahUKEwj6n5ers7LwAhXvQUEAHXj-Bv04HhDIzwEIWjAI&usg=AOvVaw019Gc9_yC9IIAjjC2rap-i&cf=1 |access-date=5 May 2021 |publisher=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> On 5 July, a further [[Chikun kidnapping|140 students were kidnapped]] from Bethel Baptist High School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210705-gunmen-kidnap-more-than-100-students-in-northwest-nigeria-school-official-says|title=Gunmen kidnap students in northwest Nigeria, school official says|date=July 5, 2021|website=[[France 24]]|access-date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705230452/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210705-gunmen-kidnap-more-than-100-students-in-northwest-nigeria-school-official-says|url-status=live}}</ref> Attacks have continued into 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2022 |title=Two flights 'escape' as '200 terrorists' attack Kaduna airport, one dead |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/two-flights-escape-as-200-terrorists-attack-kaduna-airport-one-dead/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327065202/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/two-flights-escape-as-200-terrorists-attack-kaduna-airport-one-dead/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=29 March 2022 |title=Many Feared Killed, Others Kidnapped As Bandits Attack Abuja-Kaduna Train |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2022/03/29/many-feared-killed-others-kidnapped-as-bandits-attack-abuja-kaduna-train/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obiezu |first=Timothy |date=17 April 2023 |title=33 Killed in Attack by Gunmen in Northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/attack-by-gunmen-in-northwest-nigeria/7052919.html |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Alabi |first1=Abduganiyu |last2=Afolabi |first2=Ayodele |date=7 June 2023 |title=Bandits kill two, abduct 30 after communities missed deadline on levies |url=https://guardian.ng/news/bandits-kill-two-abduct-30-after-communities-missed-deadline-on-levies/#:~:text=emergency%20on%20insecurity-,Bandits%20have%20killed%20two%20persons%20and%20abducted%20about%2030%20others,by%20the%20bandits%20had%20passed. |access-date=18 March 2024 |work=guardian.ng}}</ref> and 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Carter |first1=Sarah |last2=Reals |first2=Tucker |date=2024-03-08 |title=Witnesses in Nigeria say hundreds of children kidnapped in second mass-abduction in less than a week |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigeria-mass-kidnapping-children-girls-kaduna-borno-states-isis-boko-haram/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ewokor |first=Chris |date=11 March 2024 |title=Nigeria kidnap crisis: Schoolboy recounts daring escape from bandits |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68534319 |access-date=18 March 2024 |work=BBC |pages=}}</ref> ==Geography== [[File:River Kaduna From Train.webm|thumb|273x273px|Kaduna River]]The state is located at the Northern part of Nigeria's high plains. The [[vegetation]] cover is Sudan Savannah type, characterized by scattered short trees, shrubs and grasses. The soil is mostly loamy to sandy. A substantial amount of clay is found also. Its northern half became [[Katsina]] state in 1987. The state is bordered by seven states: Zamfara for 117 km (73 miles) and Katsina for 161 km (100 miles) to the north, Kano to the north-east for 255 km, Bauchi and Plateau to the east, Nasarawa and Abuja Federal Capital Territory (for 45 km) to the south, and Niger to the west.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-state-Nigeria|title=Kaduna {{!}} state, Nigeria|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613225321/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-state-Nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kaduna state is located between latitude 10°38'58" N and 10°25'36" N and to longitude 7°22'14" E and 7°32'00" E.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yusuf|first=Saleh|title=Kaduna: Physical and Human environment|year=2015}}</ref> The state was ranked number four by total area of land and number three by population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> The [[Kaduna River]], a tributary of the [[Niger River]], flows through the state. There are rocky stones in [[Zaria]] and Kogoro Hill. Many communities are prone to seasonal flooding during the rainy season.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=Kaduna residents in flood prone areas say nowhere to go|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/kaduna-residents-in-flood-prone-areas-say-nowhere-to-relocate/|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002130143/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/kaduna-residents-in-flood-prone-areas-say-nowhere-to-relocate/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Climate === The rainy season in Kaduna is hot, humid, and cloudy, while the dry season is hot and partly cloudy. Throughout the year, the temperature rarely falls below 50 °F or rises above 102 °F, usually ranging between 55 °F and 95 °F.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/55104/Average-Weather-in-Kaduna-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> == Government == The current governor of Kaduna state is legally under the control of [[Kaduna State Governor|Kaduna State Executives]], [[Kaduna State House of Assembly]] and [[Kaduna State Judiciary]]. The current elected governor of the state is [[Uba Sani|Senator Uba Sani]] and his deputy is [[Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/03/12/meet-hadiza-balarabe-the-first-female-deputy-governor-of-kaduna-state/|title=Meet Hadiza Balarabe, the first female deputy governor of Kaduna State|date=12 March 2019|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=15 February 2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215163151/https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/03/12/meet-hadiza-balarabe-the-first-female-deputy-governor-of-kaduna-state/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-committee/|title=StackPath|website=leadership.ng|date=12 March 2019|access-date=15 February 2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215163151/https://leadership.ng/2019/03/12/deputy-governor-elect-hadiza-balarabe-chairs-kaduna-transition-committee/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the state there 14 ministries that operate with the state government to improve the state: [[Ministries of Kaduna State]]. Within each Ministry there are multiple agencies with regulatory authority, such as the [[Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority]] which overseas waste, water, and other environmental quality issues. The governor of the state said he is trying to restore togetherness back in the state to make it hospitable for all Nigerians just as it has always been in the past. According to him, the city is now divided due to the frequent communal clashes that have been occurring in the last two decades.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 February 2021|title=El-Rufai vows to restore Kaduna to its past glory|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/el-rufai-vows-to-restore-kaduna-to-its-past-glory/|access-date=6 February 2021|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205185404/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/el-rufai-vows-to-restore-kaduna-to-its-past-glory/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Local government areas=== {{See also|List of villages in Kaduna State}} Kaduna State consists of 23 [[Local government areas of Nigeria|local government areas]]. They are: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !s/n !Local government area !Zone !Total area !Political chairman !Population density |- |1 |[[Birnin Gwari]] | C |6,257 km² |Hon Garba Gambo Randagi | |- |2 |[[Chikun]] | C |1,724 sq mi (4,466 km<sup>2</sup>) |Hon Samaila Leeman | |- |3 |[[Giwa]] | C | |Dr. Abubakar Shehu Giwa | |- |4 |[[Igabi]] | C | |Hon Jabir Khamis | |- |5 |[[Ikara]] | N | |Hon Sadiq Ibrahim Salihu | |- |6 |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] | S | |Hon. Benjamin Jock | |- |7 |[[Jema'a]] | S | |Comrade Yunana Markus Barde | |- |8 |[[Kachia]] | S | |Hon. Aaron Bako | |- |9 |[[Kaduna North]] | C | |Hon. Mukhtar Baloni | |- |10 |[[Kaduna South]] | C | |Hon. Yakubu Jarimi | |- |11 |[[Kagarko]] | S |910 sq mi (2,356 km<sup>2</sup>) |Hon. Mustapha Gidado | |- |12 |[[Kajuru]] | C | |Hon. Ibrahim Gajere | |- |13 |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] | S | |Hon Siman Mathias (impeached)[https://blueprint.ng/suspended-kaura-lg-chair-impeached/] | |- |14 |[[Kauru]] | S | | | |- |15 |[[Kubau]] | N | |Hon. Bashir Suleiman Zuntu | |- |16 |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] | N | |Hon. Shuaibu Bawa Jaja<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=The Executive Chairman |url=https://kudanlga.wordpress.com/biography-of-the-executive-chairman/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Kudan Local Government Area |language=en}}</ref> | |- |17 |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] | N | |Hon. Mathew Gambo Kaku.[[Lere, Nigeria]] | |- |18 |[[Makarfi]] | N | |Hon Kabir Mayare | |- |19 |[[Sabon Gari, Kaduna State|Sabon Gari]] | N | |Hon. Engr. Mohammed Usman | |- |20 |[[Sanga, Nigeria|Sanga]] | S | |Hon Bisallah Malam | |- |21 |[[Soba, Nigeria|Soba]] | N | |Hon. Engineer Suleiman Yahaya Richifa | |- |22 |[[Zangon Kataf]] | S | |Hon. Dr Elias Manza. | |- |23 |[[Zaria]] | N | |Alhaji Aliyu Idris Ibrahim | |} == Economics == [[File:Sun dried tomato and pepper farm, Hunkuyi, Kaduna State.jpg|thumb|Sun-dried tomato and pepper farm, Hunkuyi, Kaduna State]]The Kaduna State economy was ranked 15th largest state in Nigerian economy from 2002 to 2008, and it made up 3.3% of Nigerian GDP. While agriculture contributed 30% of SGDP in Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldis.org/document/A66138|title=Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 {{!}} Eldis|website=www.eldis.org|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325075017/https://www.eldis.org/document/A66138|url-status=live}}</ref> Kaduna state cultivate cotton and [[Peanut|peanuts]] (groundnuts) for exporting and domestic extraction of [[Peanut oil]]. In the state there is National Institute of Leather and Technology, to improve modern technology and traditional method.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.eldis.org/document/A66138|title=Overview of Kaduna State economy 2002–2008 {{!}} Eldis|website=www.eldis.org|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325075017/https://www.eldis.org/document/A66138|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://kdbs.ng/domains/economy/|title=Economy • Kaduna State Bureau of Statistics|website=Kaduna State Bureau of Statistics|language=en-US|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326050151/https://kdbs.ng/domains/economy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51785535|title=Elrufai ya bma kswn bbci waadin kwna uku|newspaper=BBC News Hausa|date=8 March 2020|access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117213259/https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51785535|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-51821210|title=An fara rusa kasuwan bacci|newspaper=BBC News Hausa|date=10 March 2020|access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309200404/https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-51821210|url-status=live}}</ref> == Media == In Kaduna State there are many means of communication through mass media, broadcasting, internet communication and banking transaction. In Kaduna State, there are 21 radio stations and more than 4 television stations broadcasting. Many of them are owned by the state government or federal government, and a few are private. The following is a list of radio stations in Kaduna:<ref>{{cite web |last=Nwabueze |first=Chinenye |date=14 July 2018 |title=List Of Radio Stations In Kaduna State and Their Frequencies (2019) |url=https://massmediang.com/list-of-radio-stations-in-kaduna-state-and-their-frequencies-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613204251/https://massmediang.com/list-of-radio-stations-in-kaduna-state-and-their-frequencies-2019/ |archive-date=13 June 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=MassMediaNG |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2015 |title=Kaduna State Nigeria Radio Stations |url=https://www.africacharts.com/kaduna-ng-radio-stations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613174253/https://www.africacharts.com/kaduna-ng-radio-stations/ |archive-date=13 June 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=Africa Charts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Liberty Radio Station Kaduna |url=https://radio.org.ng/liberty-kaduna/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529052431/https://radio.org.ng/liberty-kaduna/ |archive-date=29 May 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=Radio.org.ng |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !s/n !Name (AM) !Frequency !Motto |- |1 |Brila FM |88.9 | |- |2 |Kada 2 FM, Kaduna (KSMC) |89.9 | |- |3 |Rockside FM, Kafanchan (KSMC) |89.9 | |- |4 |Capital Sounds FM, Kaduna (KSMC) |90.9 | |- |5 |Liberty Radio (English) Kaduna |91.7 | |- |6 |Karama FM, Kaduna (FRCN) |92.1 |Timbun giwa |- |7 |Freedom Radio FM, Kaduna |92.9 | |- |8 |Vision FM Kaduna |92.5 | |- |9 |FCE Zaria FM |93.7 | |- |10 |Queen FM, Zaria (KSMC) |94.1 | |- |11 |Supreme FM, Kaduna (FRCN) |96.1 | |- |12 |Alheri Radio FM, Kaduna |97.7 | |- |13 |ASU FM (Kaduna State University Radio) |98.5 | |- |14 |Invicta FM, Kaduna |98.9 | |- |15 |Human Right Radio Kaduna |99.9 | |- |16 |BU Samaru FM, Zaria |101.1 | |- |17 |Teachers Radio (Nigeria Institute of Teachers, NTI) |102.5 | |- |18 |Spider FM (Kaduna Polytechnic Radio) |102.7 | |- |19 |Liberty Radio (Hausa) Kaduna |103.1 |Tashar Yanci |- |20 |Ray Power FM Kaduna |106.5 | |- |21 |Demographics |106.5 | |} == Ethnic groups == Kaduna State is populated by about 59 to 63 different ethnic groups, if not more, with the exactitude of the number requiring further verification through field work.<ref>Hayab, 2014.</ref> The question as in the last paragraph{{clarify|date=October 2020}} with the Hausa and Fulani as the dominant ethnic groups followed by at least 60 others. These groups include: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !S/N !Ethnic group !Origin !Area |- |1 |[[Bina language|Abinu]] (dubbed Binawa) | | |- |2 |[[Kuturmi language|Ada]] (dubbed Kuturmi) | | |- |3 |[[Adara people|Adara]] (dubbed Kadara) | | |- |4 |[[Gbiri language|Agbiri]] (dubbed Gure) | | |- |5 |[[Akurmi people|Akurmi]] (labelled Kurama by the Hausa) | | |- |6 |[[Nghan language|Anghan]] (dubbed Kamanton by the Hausa) | | |- |7 |[[Timap language|Amap]] (dubbed Amo by the Hausa) | | |- |8 |Aniragu (dubbed Kahugu) | | |- |9 |[[Ruruma language|Aruruma]] | | |- |10 |[[Atyap people|Asholio]] (dubbed Moro'a) | | |- |11 |[[Atyap people|Atachaat]] (dubbed Kachechere) | | |- |12 |[[Atyap people|Atuku]] | | |- |13 |[[Atyap people|Atyap]] (dubbed Kataf by the Hausa) | | |- |14 |Ayu | | |- |15 |[[Bajju people|Bajju]] (dubbed Kaje by the Hausa) | | |- |16 |[[Bakulu people|Bakulu]] (Ikulu by the Hausa) | | |- |17 |[[Koro Wachi|Bhazar]] (named Koro) | | |- |18 |Bur (Sanga) | | |- |19 |Dingi | | |- |20 |[[Fantswam]] (dubbed Kafanchan) | | |- |21 |[[Fulani]] | | |- |22 |[[Gbagyi people|Gbagyi-Gbari]] (Gwari in Hausa) |[[Southern Kaduna]] | |- |23 |[[Gwandara language|Gwandara]] | | |- |24 |[[Gwong people|Gwong]] (Kagoma in Hausa) | | |- |25 |[[Ham people|Ham]] (dubbed Jaba in Hausa, which is a derogatory name) | | |- |26 |[[Hausa people|Hausa]] | | |- |27 |Ikulu | | |- |28 |Janji (dubbed Gwari by the Hausa) | | |- |29 |Kaivi (dubbed Kaibi) | | |- |30 |Kanufi | | |- |31 |Kanuri | | |- |32 |Kigono | | |- |33 |Kinugu | | |- |34 |Kitimi | | |- |35 |Kiwafa | | |- |36 |Kiwollo | | |- |37 |Koro | | |- |38 |Kubvori (dubbed Surubu) | | |- |39 |Mada (Mardan) Mada must have migrated during colonial rule | | |- |40 |Marghi |Borno | |- |41 |Nandu | | |- |42 |Nduyah | | |- |43 |Numana | | |- |44 |Nindem | | |- |45 |Ningeshe | | |- |46 |Nikyop | | |- |47 |[[Ninzo language|Ninzo]] | | |- |48 |Nyenkpa (Yeskwa) | | |- |49 |[[Atyap people|Oegworok]] (dubbed Kagoro) | | |- |50 |Pikal | | |- |51 |Pitti | | |- |52 |Ribang | | |- |53 |Rishuwa | | |- |54 |Rumada | | |- |55 |Ruruma | | |- |56 |Rumayya | | |- |57 |Shemawa | | |- |58 |[[Guus language|Zaar]] (dubbed Siyawa; Bauchi state?) | | |- |59 |[[Atyap people|Takad]] (dubbed Attakar) | | |- |60 |Tarri | | |- |61 |[[Atsam people|Atsam]] (dubbed Chawai) | | |} == Religion == The main [[Religion in Kaduna State|religions in Kaduna State]] are [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] while some minority ethnic groups practice traditional worshiping, mostly in the southern area of the state. The people of Kaduna are very religious, causing two religious crises in 2001 and 2002, the [[Miss World riots]]. == Languages == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |- ! LGA !! Languages |- | [[Birnin Gwari]] || [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Fula people|Fulani]] Acipa, Eastern; [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]]; Kamuku; Rogo; Shama-Sambuga |- | [[Chikun]] || [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]] |- | [[Giwa]] ||[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fulani]] |- | [[Igabi]] ||[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fulani]] |- | [[Ikara]] || [[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fulani]] |- | [[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] || [[Ashe language|Ashe]]; [[Duya language|Duya]]; [[Hyam language|Hyam]] |- | [[Jema'a]] || [[Ashe language|Ashe]]; [[Berom language|Berom]]; [[Duya language|Duya]]; [[Tyap language|Fantswam]]; Gyong; [[Hyam language|Hyam]]; [[Jju language|Jju]]; Kanufi; Mada; [[Cori language|Kyoli]]; [[Nikyob-Kaninkon]]; [[Ninzo language|Ninzo]]; Nungu; Nyankpa; Shamang; [[Tyap language|Tyap]]; [[Tyap language|Tyuku]] [[Zhire]]; Numana |- | [[Kachia]] || [[Adara language|Adara]]; Doka; [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]]; [[Hyam language|Hyam]]; [[Iku-Gora-Ankwa]]; Ikulu; [[Jju language|Jju]]; [[Nghan language|Nghan]]; [[Koro Wachi]]; Kuturmi; Shamang; [[Tyap language|Tyap]]; [[Zhire]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]]; [[Gbagyi people | Gbagyi]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]]; [[Gbagyi language| Gbagyi]] |- | [[Kagarko]] || [[Ashe language|Ashe]]; [[Duya language|Duya]]; [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]]; [[Koro Wachi]] |- | [[Kajuru]] || [[Adara language|Adara]]; Ajiya; Kuce; [[Gbagyi language|Gbagyi]]; Shuwa-Zamani |- | [[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] || [[Tyap language|Gworok]]; [[Iten language|Iten]]; [[Tyap language|Takad]]; [[Tyap language|Sholyio]]; [[Tyap language|Tyap]] and [[Tyap language|Tyecarak (Tyecaat)]] |- | [[Kauru]] || Abisi; Bina; [[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]]; Dungu; Jere; [[Ikulu language|Ikulu]]; Kaivi; Kinuku; Koono; Mala; [[Rigwe language|Rigwe]]; Ruma; Sheni; T'kurmi; [[Atsam language|Tsam]]; Tumi; [[Tyap language|Tyap]]; Vono; and Vori |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]] |- | [[Lere, Kaduna State|Lere]] || Amo; Bina; Janji; Lemoro; Lere; Sanga [[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]]; Tugbiri-Niragu |- | [[Makarfi]] || [[Hausa; Fulani language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]] |- | [[Sabon Gari]] || [[Hausa; Fulani language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]] |- | [[Sanga, Nigeria|Sanga]] || Ahwai; Ayu; Bu; Gwandara; Hasha; [[Ninzo language|Ninzo]]; Numana; [[Nungu language|Nungu]]; [[Sambe]]; Sha; Toro |- | [[Soba]] ||[[Hausa; Fulani language|Hausa]], [[Fula people|Fulani]] |- | [[Zangon Kataf]] || [[Ikulu language|Ikulu]]; [[Jju language|Jju]]; [[Nghan language|Nghan]]; [[Tyap language|Tyap]]; [[Tyap language|Tyecarak (Tyecaat)]] [[Hausa language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]]. |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Hausa; Fulani language|Hausa]]; [[Fula people|Fulani]] |} Other languages in Kaduna State are [[Bacama language|Bacama]], [[Firan language|Firan]], and Sambe.<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=10 January 2020|archive-date=19 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219232852/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|url-status=live}}</ref> Almost all of these languages are spoken in [[Southern Kaduna]]. ==Education== Kaduna is one of the largest centres of education in Nigeria. The slogan of the state is ''Center of Learning'' because of the presence of many institution like [[Ahmadu Bello University]] (established 1962). There are many government schools, include primary schools and secondary schools. All secondary schools in Kaduna are owned by the state government, federal government or private organisations. there are many tertiary institutions in the state. The state also has colleges for transportation and agriculture.<ref name=":1" /> ===Universities and institutes=== <!---♦♦♦ Only add a University to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> * [[Ahmadu Bello University]], [[Zaria]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=List of ABU Courses & Programmes Offered|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/abu-courses/|access-date=2021-12-10|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria)]] * [[Federal College of Education, Zaria]] * [[Greenfield University]] Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Greenfield University, Kaduna (GFU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/greenfield-university-kaduna|access-date=2021-12-10|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Kaduna Polytechnic]] (1968), Kaduna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadpoly {{!}} Home |url=https://kadunapoly.edu.ng/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=kadunapoly.edu.ng}}</ref> * [[Kaduna State University]] * [[National Open University of Nigeria]], Kaduna Study Center * [[Nigerian College of Aviation Technology]], Palladan Zaria * [[Nigerian Defence Academy]] (NDA), Kaduna * [[Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic]], [[Zaria]] <!---♦♦♦ Only add a University to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> === Secondary schools and colleges === <!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> * [[Barewa College]] * [[Essence International School]] * [[Nigerian Military School]] <!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> ==Transportation== Federal Highways are: * [[A2 highway (Nigeria)|A2]] north from [[Abuja]] FCT at Sabon Wuse as the Abuja-Kaduna-Zaria Expressway via Kaduna and Zaria to [[Kano State]] as the Kaduna-Kano Rd or Zaria Rd at Gidan Mallam Idi (part of the [[African Unity Road]] or Trans-Sahara Highway or [[Trans-African Highway network|Trans African]] 2: TAH2), * [[A3 highway (Nigeria)|A3]] northeast from [[Nasarawa State]] at Barimaw as the Makurdi-Jos Rd to [[Plateau State]] at Jenta, * [[A11 highway (Nigeria)|A11]] east from A2 at Katabu to A236 at Pambeguwa, * [[A125 highway (Nigeria)|A125]] east from [[Niger State]] at Gishiri to A2 north of Kaduna, * [[A126 highway (Nigeria)|A126]] northwest from A236 in Zaria as the Zaria-Funtua Rd to [[Katsina State]] at Gangara, * [[A235 highway (Nigeria)|A235]] southeast from A2 south of Kaduna via Doka, Gumel and Kafanchan to A3 at Nimbia Forest Reserve, * [[A236 highway (Nigeria)|A236]] southeast from A2 at Zaria as the Zaria-Pambeguwa Rd to Plateau State at Jengre as the Pambeguwa-Jengre Rd. Other major roads include: * the Dan Dume-Birnin Gwai Rd north from A125 via Malam Mudi to Katsina State at Ungwan Chitumu, * the Malam Mudi-Zaria Rd east to A2, * the Makarf-Gubuchi Rd southeast from A2 at Mai-Rijiya as the Ikara-Kargi Rd to Babinda on A236 as the Babinda-Nasari-Damau Rd, * south from A236 at Kubanni via Wuchichiri, Matari and Dan Jaba to A11 at Tama B, * the Tarau-Sabon Birni Rd north from A236 at Jaja to Bauchi State at Agaji, * the Lidin-Doka-Gidan Sarkin Rd south from A236 at Jaja via Lere and Doka to the Garun Kuama-Pari Rd via Mariri, Damakasuwa and Zaman Dabo to Samaru, * the Kagoro-Samaru-Pari Junction Rd continues south from Samaru to A235 at Kagoro, * the Kachia-Zonkwa Rd east from A235 at Gumel via Fadan Kamantan, and Zonkwa to Samaru to Manchok * the Jos-Kafanchan Rd east from Manchok to Plateau State, * west from A2 at Gidan Bahagu to Niger State at Gidan Wakili, * southwest from A2 at Dutsi Hill to Niger State near Rijana. Railways: the 1435 mm Lagos-Kano [[Standard-gauge railway|Standard Gauge]] Line is complete from Abuja via Minna in Niger State to Rigasa Station in Kaduna (2016), replacing part of the 1067 mm [[Cape gauge]] [[Nigerian Railways|Western Line]] which continues north via Kano to Nguru. Kaduna is also connected by the Linking Line to Kafanchan with the Cape Gauge Eastern Line north from Lafia in Nasarawa State to Jos in Plateau State. Airports: [[Kaduna International Airport]] (1982). == Architecture == [[File:Zaria Emir's palace gate.jpg|thumb|The entrance gate of [[Zazzau]]]] Architecture includes the National Museum which was built in 1975 with archaeological and ethnographic exhibitions, the [[Kajuru Castle]], Lugard Hall, [[Zaria]] walls and gates and [[Nok]] settlements. In the state there are many architectural buildings like [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium]], [[Murtala Square]], Investment house, [[Abubakar Mahmud Gumi Market|Kaduna central market]], and [[Sultan Bello Mosque]]. The palace of empire of [[Zazzau]] is one of the oldest traditional buildings in Kaduna state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hotels.ng/hotel/1002301-kajuru-castle-kaduna|title=Kajuru Castle|last=Hotels.ng|website=Kajuru Castle {{!}} Hotel in Kajuru {{!}} Hotels.ng|language=en|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325085823/https://hotels.ng/hotel/1002301-kajuru-castle-kaduna|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/111744/|title=Kajuru castle|access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201536/https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/111744/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Traditional architecture === [[File:Kaj 1.jpg|thumb|[[Kajuru castle]]]] In Kaduna State there are a lot of ethnic groups, which lead to the variation of culture and [[architectural style]], this include the city wall of Zaria. The walls constructed during the reigns of [[Amina (Queen of Zazzau)|Queen Amina of Zazzau]] protected the city and they are between 14 and 16 km long, and are closed by eight gates, Also the Emir's Palace of Zaria is an important traditional heritage. The palace has luxurious interiors. The St. Bartholomew's Church Zaria, built by the Church Missionary Society in 1929, still stands in Zaria, the church was built based on Hausa traditional architecture. === Modern architecture === [[File:Throneroom Kafanchan 02.jpg|thumb|Throneroom's Salama radio 14-storey tower, [[Kafanchan]]]] Modern architecture is present in the state as a result of civilization and development. Most of these architectural buildings were built by the federal or state government, while the residential ones are mostly built by individuals; these buildings include [[Ahmadu Bello Stadium]], Ten storey building, Investment house, federal secretary, [[Ranchers Bees Stadium]], and [[Murtala Square|Murtala square.]] == Health == Kaduna State has over 1,000 primary healthcare facilities to cater to every resident, even in the most remote village or ward of the state. To further improve on healthcare delivery, in 2016, the Kaduna State Government partnered with the [[Department for International Development|UK Department for International Development]] (DFID) to install over 1.3 megawatts of solar power in primary healthcare facilities across the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kdsg.gov.ng/energy|title=Energy {{!}} Kaduna State Government|website=www.kdsg.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010211712/http://www.kdsg.gov.ng/energy/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sports == In Kaduna State many sports are played, such as football,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/257632-new-kaduna-united-fc-chairman-pledges-promote-club.html|title=New Kaduna United FC Chairman pledges to promote club – Premium Times Nigeria|date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318181606/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/257632-new-kaduna-united-fc-chairman-pledges-promote-club.html|url-status=live}}</ref> golf, swimming, traditional wrestling and handball.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/kaduna-golf-clubs-huge-honour-for-omoluwa/|title=Kaduna Golf club's huge honour for Omoluwa|website=guardian.ng|date=9 March 2018|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318181758/https://guardian.ng/sport/kaduna-golf-clubs-huge-honour-for-omoluwa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/poor-state-of-kaduna-s-murtala-square-265120.html|title=Poor state of Kaduna's Murtala Square|last1=Ekwere|first1=Enobong Dennis|last2=Kaduna|date=10 August 2018|website=Daily Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318192538/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/poor-state-of-kaduna-s-murtala-square-265120.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kaduna State government run a football club called [[Kaduna United F.C.]] The club participated in playing [[Nigerian Professional Football League]] but are under relegation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/04/lmc-fines-kaduna-united-bans-supporters-club/|title=LMC fines Kaduna United, bans Supporters Club|date=19 April 2014|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326053625/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/04/lmc-fines-kaduna-united-bans-supporters-club/|url-status=live}}</ref> the state also host Kaduna Marathon .<ref>{{cite web|date=21 November 2020|title=Kenyans win Kaduna Marathon, as govt hails runners, sponsors, citizens on successful race|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/11/kenyans-win-kaduna-marathon-as-govt-hails-runners-sponsors-citizens-on-successful-race/|access-date=22 November 2020|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-date=22 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122052336/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/11/kenyans-win-kaduna-marathon-as-govt-hails-runners-sponsors-citizens-on-successful-race/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Entertainment and tourism == In Kaduna State an annual festival is organized by Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kaduna State). The festival exposes folklore talent and through these process, to promote unity and encourage tourism and build culture in the State. It takes place every November or December.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://naijasky.com/kaduna-state/28/kaduna-state-festival-of-arts-and-culture/43905/|title=Kaduna State Festival of Arts and Culture – KADUNA STATE|last=Adeleke|first=Dr Wale|website=NaijaSky|language=en|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> Cultural activities include [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]] performed by the Muslims in the state; the Tuk Ham; the [[Afan Festival|Afan National Festival]]; the Christmas and Easter celebrations, by Christians, and the Kallan-Kowa celebrations. Kaduna has a museum and a park, the Kofar Gamji park and Zoo. Lord Lugard's Residence, is also a tourist attraction and it currently houses the state assembly.<ref name=":2" /> === Festivals === * [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]]: This celebration is scheduled on the 1st of [[Shawwal]] and the 10th of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] respectively according to the [[Islamic Calendar]] for three days usually in Kaduna, Usually, Muslims all over the world celebrate the end of the Ramadan fasting period and the conclusion of the hajj (pilgrimage) rites. Most of the emirates in Kaduna State and other parts of the northern Emirates celebrate it with a colourful [[Hausa people|Hausa]] traditional dressing, horse decoration and Durbar.<ref name=":2" /> * [[Christmas celebrations]]: This takes place in every 25/26 December in Kaduna State to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ by Christians all over the state.<ref name=":2" /> * [[Easter]] celebrations: It takes place every March/April to remember the death and resurrection of [[Jesus Christ]] by all Christians in Kaduna State.<ref name=":2" /> * [[Afan Festival|Afan National Festival]]: This is a celebration on every 1 January, in [[Kagoro]]. The festival has assumed an international standard with the sons and daughters of Agworok land coming together to discuss issues that required their attention and to show their extreme cultural heritage.<ref name=":2" /> * Kalankuwa Cultural Festival: It is a purely cultural festival that is celebrated in northern part of the state. It is a celebration to give thanks for good farm crops and to celebrate the season. It is celebrated in November/December. Young men and women come together in a peaceful manner to entertain themselves. It is celebrated in Bomo Village, Samara, in [[Sabon Gari]] local government area.<ref name=":2" /> Other small festivals include the following: * Batadon Festival * [[Ayet Atyap annual cultural festival]] * [[Durbar festival|Durbar Festival]] * Kaduna State Festival of Arts and Culture * Kafanchan Day * Kalankuwa Cultural Festival * Moro’a Cultural Festival * Ninzo Cultural Festival * Zunzuk Dance * Tuk-Ham Festival * Unum-Akulu Festival [[File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Kamuku Park, a tourism attraction]] === Tourism === *[[Kamuku National Park]] *[[Matsirga waterfalls|Matsiriga Waterfalls]] *[[Kajuru Castle]] *[[Arewa House]] *[[Murtala Square]] == Notable people == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]] * [[Bashir Abubakar]] * [[Katung Aduwak]] * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Gwamna Awan]] * [[Harrison Bungwon]] * [[Bala Ade Dauke]] * [[Joe El]] * [[Maiwada Galadima]] * [[Ahmad Abubakar Gumi]] * [[Chris Delvan Gwamna]] * [[Shehu Idris]] * [[Toure Kazah-Toure]] * [[Matthew Hassan Kukah]] * [[Danjuma Laah]] * [[Zamani Lekwot]] * [[Audu Maikori]] * [[Ahmed Makarfi]] * [[Jonathan Gyet Maude]] * [[Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa]] * [[Christopher Gwabin Musa]] * [[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai]] (born February 1960) Nigerian Politician and former Kaduna State Governor from 2015 to 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Board |first=Punch Editorial |date=2023-04-24 |title=El-Rufai's auspicious alert on bandits, terrorists |url=https://punchng.com/el-rufais-auspicious-alert-on-bandits-terrorists/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Namadi Sambo]] (born 1954) Nigerian politician and former Vice President of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's New President Chooses VP Candidate |url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/nigerias-new-president-chooses-vp-candidate-93679614/154446.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.voanews.com}}</ref> * [[Tagwai Sambo]] * [[Shehu Sani]] * [[Uba Sani]] (born 1970) Nigerian politician and Governor of Kaduna State since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isenyo |first=Godwin |date=2024-03-20 |title=Kaduna gov meets LGs stakeholders over insecurity |url=https://punchng.com/kaduna-gov-meets-lgs-stakeholders-over-insecurity/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ishaya Shekari]] * [[Aisha Ahmad Suleiman]] * [[Sheikh Dahiru Usman]] * [[Patrick Yakowa]] * [[Andrew Yakubu]] * [[Mukhtar Ramalan Yero]] (born 1968) Nigerian politician, deputy Governor of Kaduna State (2010-2012) and Governor of Kaduna State (2012-2015). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official: Governor Yero Of Kaduna Appoints Nuhu Bajoga As Deputy Governor {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2012/12/24/official-governor-yero-kaduna-appoints-nuhu-bajoga-deputy-governor |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> * [[Luka Yusuf]] * [[Ibrahim Zakzaky]] * [[Muhammad Auwal Albani Zaria]] ( Sept. 1960 to Feb. 2014) Nigerian Islamic scholar. <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Kaduna River in kaduna state Nigeria.jpg|River Kaduna File:Water fall in Kafancha Kaduna State.jpg|Waterfalls in Kafanchan File:Matsirga Waterfalls, Madakiya.jpg|Matsirga waterfalls Kaduna File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg|Kamuku National Park Kaduna File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg|ABU senatorial building File:Ten Storey Kaduna5.jpg|Ten Storey Building in Ahmadu Bello way Kaduna File:Flower of kaduna 02.jpg|Major planted flower File:Kajuru Castle.jpg|Kajuru Castle File:Night mode Transportation.jpg|Night mode transportation in Kaduna city File:Bus at badarawa bus stop.jpg|Kaduna city bus File:Ahmadu Bello way.jpg|Ahmadu Bello way in the city of Kaduna File:Green car2.jpg|Green car in Kaduna city </gallery> ==Politics== The state government is led by a democratical elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state is [[Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oguntola |first=Tunde |date=2022-09-27 |title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC |url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Electoral system=== The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oguntola |first=Tunde |date=2022-09-27 |title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC |url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == See also == * [[Kaduna]] * [[Kaduna State Governor]] * [[Kaduna State House of Assembly]] * [[Kaduna State Judiciary]] * [[Ministries of Kaduna State]] * [[Kaduna United F.C.]] * [[Southern Kaduna]] * [[Kaduna kidnapping (disambiguation)]] == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Sources== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051225223834/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/fgn/administrative/statedetails.asp?state=Kaduna Nigeria Congress] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216022753/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/kaduna.htm Nigeria Exchange] ==External links== * [http://www.ksmcradio.com Kaduna State Media Corporation] * [http://www.kdsg.gov.ng Official State Government website] {{Kaduna State}} {{KadunaStateGovernors}} {{Nigeria states}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Nigeria}} [[Category:Kaduna State| ]] [[Category:Local Government Areas in Kaduna State]] [[Category:States of Nigeria]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1967]] [[Category:1967 establishments in Nigeria]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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