Fort Worth, Texas Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{redirect|Fort Worth}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Fort Worth | settlement_type = [[City]] | named_for = [[William J. Worth]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/3/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Downtown Fort Worth Sunset.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = [[Downtown Fort Worth]] | image2 = Fort Worth Stock Yards Entrance Wiki (1 of 1).jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = [[Fort Worth Stockyards]] | image3 = 0011Fort Worth Botanic Garden Rose Ramp E Texas.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 = [[Fort Worth Botanic Garden]]s | image4 = Fort Worth Water Gardens 1.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = [[Fort Worth Water Gardens]] | image5 = Fort Worth Cultural District June 2016 13 (Kimbell Art Museum).jpg | alt5 = | caption5 = [[Kimbell Art Museum]] | image6 = 0011Paddock Viaduct W Fort Worth Texas.jpg | alt6 = | caption6 = [[Paddock Viaduct]] | image7 = Campustcu.JPG | alt7 = | caption7 = [[Texas Christian University]] | image8 = StPatricksChurch1.JPG | alt8 = | caption8 = [[St. Patrick Cathedral (Fort Worth, Texas)|St. Patrick Cathedral]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Fort Worth (2004-Present).svg | nicknames = Cowtown,<ref name=citywebsite>{{cite web |url=http://www.fortworthgov.org/citymanager/info/default.aspx?id=3252 |title=From a cowtown to Cowtown |website=Fortworthgov.org |access-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927123809/http://www.fortworthgov.org/citymanager/info/default.aspx?id=3252 |archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> Panther City, Funkytown, Queen City of the Prairie<ref name=TexasHandbookOnline>{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |title=Fort Worth, TX |website=tshaonline.org |access-date=March 15, 2018 |archive-date=October 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009100347/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |url-status=live }}</ref> | motto = "Where the West begins";<ref name=citywebsite /> "Crossroads of Cowboys & Culture" | image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|zoom=9|title=Fort Worth|type=shape-inverse|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#808080|fill=#808080|frame-coordinates={{Coord|32.7564|-97.3325}}}} | map_caption = Interactive map of Fort Worth | pushpin_map = Texas#USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Texas##Location in the United States | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|32|45|23|N|97|19|57|W|type:city_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|Counties]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Texas]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson]], [[Parker County, Texas|Parker]], [[Wise County, Texas|Wise]] <ref name=citymap>{{cite web |url=http://maps.fortworthgov.org/customer_tool/default.asp |title=Fort Worth Geographic Information Systems |access-date=February 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121221011453/http://maps.fortworthgov.org/customer_tool/default.asp |archive-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref> | established_title = Incorporated | established_date = 1874<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortworthtexas.gov/uploadedFiles/Finance/Financial_Reports/2011_CAFR.pdf |title=Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2011 : City of Fort Worth, Texas |website=Fortworthtexas.gov |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201073720/http://fortworthtexas.gov/uploadedFiles/Finance/Financial_Reports/2011_CAFR.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> | government_type = [[Mayor–council–manager]] | leader_title = [[Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Mattie Parker]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]) | leader_title1 = City manager | leader_name1 = David Cooke (R) | unit_pref = Imperial | area_total_sq_mi = 355.56 | area_land_sq_mi = 347.27 | area_water_sq_mi = 8.28 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | elevation_ft = 541 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_total = 918,915 | pop_est_as_of = 2024 | population_est = 995,049 {{increase}} | population_density_sq_mi = auto | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Fort Worth city, Texas |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/fort-worth-tx-population |publisher=World Population Review |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404182324/https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/fort-worth-tx-population |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_rank = [[List of North American cities by population|33rd]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|13th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Texas|5th]] in Texas | population_footnotes = | population_demonym = Fort Worthian | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = 76036, 761XX, 76244 |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |76036, 76101-76124, 76126-76127, 76129-76137, 76140, 76147-76148, 76150, 76155, 76161-76164, 76166, 76177, 76179-76182, 76185, 76190-76193, 76195-76199, 76244}} | area_code = [[Area codes 682 and 817|682 and 817]] | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]] | website = [http://www.fortworthtexas.gov/ www.fortworthtexas.gov] | footnotes = | leader_title2 = City council | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = <!-- (optional) --> |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = • Carlos Flores - District #2 |2 = • Michael Crain - District #3 |3 = • Alan Blaylock - District #4 |4 = • Gyna Bivens - District #5 |5 = • Jared Williams - District #6 |6 = • Leonard Firestone - District #7 |7 = • Chris Nettles - District #8 |8 = • Elizabeth Beck - District #9 }} | timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −5 | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 48-27000 | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 2410531<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410531}}</ref> | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web |title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017010302/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 920.89 | area_land_km2 = 899.44 | area_water_km2 = 21.45 | image_seal = Seal of Fort Worth, Texas.svg }} '''Fort Worth''' is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]] and the [[county seat|seat]] of [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]], covering nearly {{convert|350|sqmi|km2}} into four other counties: [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson]], [[Parker County, Texas|Parker]], and [[Wise County, Texas|Wise]]. According to a 2022 United States census estimate, Fort Worth's population was 956,709, the [[List of cities in Texas by population|5th-most populous in the state]] and the [[List of United States cities by population|13th-most populous in the United States]].<ref name=":4" /> Fort Worth is the {{nowrap|second-largest}} city in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington]] metropolitan area, which is the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|fourth-most populous metropolitan area]] in the United States, and the [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|most populous in Texas]].<ref name="dmn1">{{cite news |title=McKinney falls to third in rank of fastest-growing cities in U.S. |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/071008dnmetpopulation.43799b9.html |work=The Dallas Morning News |first=Ian |last=McCann |date=July 10, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229022147/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/071008dnmetpopulation.43799b9.html |archive-date=December 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 22, 2018 |title=Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Has Largest Growth in the U.S |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2018/popest-metro-county.html |access-date=December 27, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214165135/https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2018/popest-metro-county.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Schmelzer |first=Janet |date=June 12, 2010 |title=Fort Worth, Texas |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |access-date=May 12, 2020 |website=Texas State Historical Association |language=en |archive-date=October 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009100347/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Worth has historically been a center of the [[Texas Longhorn]] cattle trade.<ref name=":3" /> It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utexas.edu/ce/elderhostel/cities/fort-worth/ |title=Fort Worth, from uTexas.com |access-date=December 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805201943/http://www.utexas.edu/ce/elderhostel/cities/fort-worth/ |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.txwes.edu/internationalprograms/location.htm |title=International Programs: Fort Worth |access-date=December 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129093417/http://txwes.edu/internationalprograms/location.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2009}}</ref> {{USS|Fort Worth|LCS-3}} is the first ship of the [[United States Navy]] named after the city.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship USS Fort Worth |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=12538 |publisher=United States Department of Defense |date=March 6, 2009 |access-date=December 30, 2014}}</ref> Nearby [[Dallas]] has held a population majority as long as records have been kept, yet Fort Worth has become one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States at the beginning of the 21st century, nearly doubling its population since 2000. Fort Worth is the location of the [[Van Cliburn International Piano Competition]] and several museums designed by contemporary architects. The [[Kimbell Art Museum]] was designed by [[Louis Kahn]], with an addition designed by [[Renzo Piano]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kimbell Art Museum {{!}} Fort Worth Museums & Attractions |url=https://www.fortworth.com/things-to-do/museums-and-galleries/kimbell-art-museum/ |website=Visit Fort Worth |access-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115234329/https://www.fortworth.com/things-to-do/museums-and-galleries/kimbell-art-museum/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth]] was designed by [[Tadao Ando]]. The [[Amon Carter Museum of American Art]], designed by [[Philip Johnson]], houses American art. The [[Sid Richardson Museum]], redesigned by [[David M. Schwarz]], has a collection of Western art in the U.S., emphasizing [[Frederic Remington]] and [[Charles Marion Russell|Charles Russell]]. The [[Fort Worth Museum of Science and History]] was designed by [[Ricardo Legorreta]] of Mexico. Fort Worth is the location of several university communities: [[Texas Christian University]], [[Texas Wesleyan University|Texas Wesleyan]], [[University of North Texas Health Science Center]], and [[Texas A&M University School of Law]]. Several multinational corporations, including [[Bell Textron]], [[American Airlines]], and [[BNSF Railway]], are headquartered in Fort Worth. == History == {{Main|History of Fort Worth, Texas}} {{For timeline}} The [[Treaty of Bird's Fort]] between the [[Republic of Texas]] and several Native American tribes was signed in 1843 at Bird's Fort in present-day [[Arlington, Texas]].<ref>http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/map/viewform.asp?atlas_num=5439004731 {{dead link|date=August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/viewform.asp?atlas_num=5439004732&site_name=Bird%27s%20Fort&class=5000 |title=Details for Site of Bird's Fort |access-date=July 23, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118085504/http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/viewform.asp?atlas_num=5439004732&site_name=Bird%27s%20Fort&class=5000 |archive-date=January 18, 2016}}</ref> Article XI of the treaty provided that no one may "pass the line of trading houses" (at the border of the Indians' territory) without permission of the [[President of the Republic of Texas|President of Texas]], and may not reside or remain in the Indians' territory. These "trading houses" were later established at the junction of the Clear Fork and West Fork of the Trinity River in present-day Fort Worth.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0q_bI8_gbAC&pg=PA22 |title=Fort Worth |access-date=March 3, 2016 |isbn=9780875655260 |last1=Garrett |first1=Julia Kathryn |date=May 31, 2013 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |archive-date=July 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710110821/https://books.google.com/books?id=T0q_bI8_gbAC&pg=PA22 |url-status=live }}</ref> A line of seven army posts was established in 1848–1849 after the Mexican War to protect the settlers of Texas along the western American Frontier and included Fort Worth, [[Fort Graham]], [[Fort Gates]], [[Fort Croghan]], [[Fort Martin Scott]], [[Fort Lincoln, Texas|Fort Lincoln]], and [[Fort Duncan]].<ref name=Crimmins>Crimmins, M.L., 1943, "The First Line of Army Posts Established in West Texas in 1849," Abilene: West Texas Historical Association, Vol. XIX, pp. 121–127</ref> Originally, 10 forts had been proposed by Major General [[William J. Worth|William Jenkins Worth]] (1794–1849), who commanded the [[Department of Texas]] in 1849. In January 1849, Worth proposed a line of 10 forts to mark the western Texas frontier from [[Eagle Pass, Texas|Eagle Pass]] to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]]. One month later, Worth died from [[cholera]] in South Texas.<ref name=Crimmins /> General [[William S. Harney]] assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major [[Ripley A. Arnold]] (Company F, Second United States Dragoons)<ref name=Crimmins /> to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold, advised by Middleton Tate Johnson, established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849, Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff, which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River. The United States War Department officially named the post Fort Worth on November 14, 1849.<ref name="tshaFtWrth">{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |title=Fort Worth, TX |access-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009100347/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdf01 |archive-date=October 9, 2014}}</ref> Since its establishment, the city of Fort Worth continues to be known as "where the West begins".<ref name=":3" /> E. S. Terrell (1812–1905) from Tennessee claimed to be the first resident of Fort Worth.<ref>Image of E. S. Terrell with note: "E. S. Terrell. Born May 24, 1812, in Murry {{sic}} County, Tenn. The first white man to settle in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1849. His wife was Lou Preveler. They had seven children. In 1869, the Terrells took up residence in Young County, Texas, where he died Nov 1, 1905. He is buried at True, Texas." Image on display in historical collection at Fort Belknap, Newcastle, Texas. Viewed November 13, 2008.</ref> The fort was flooded the first year and moved to the top of the bluff; the current courthouse was built on this site. The fort was abandoned September 17, 1853.<ref name=Crimmins /> No trace of it remains. As a stop on the legendary [[Chisholm Trail]], Fort Worth was stimulated by the business of the cattle drives and became a brawling, bustling town. Millions of head of cattle were driven north to market along this trail. Fort Worth became the center of the [[cattle drive]]s, and later, the [[ranch]]ing industry. It was given the nickname of Cowtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sightlines.usitt.org/archive/2013/07/CowtownNoMore.asp |title=A Brief History Of "Cowtown" |last1=Shurr |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Hagler |first2=Jack P. |publisher=United States Institute for Theatre Technology, Inc. |date=July 2013 |access-date=November 3, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201020840/http://sightlines.usitt.org/archive/2013/07/CowtownNoMore.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], Fort Worth suffered from shortages of money, food, and supplies. The population dropped as low as 175, but began to recover during [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]]. By 1872, Jacob Samuels, William Jesse Boaz, and William Henry Davis had opened general stores. The next year, Khleber M. Van Zandt established Tidball, Van Zandt, and Company, which became Fort Worth National Bank in 1884. In 1875, the ''[[Dallas Herald]]'' published an article by a former Fort Worth lawyer, Robert E. Cowart, who wrote that the decimation of Fort Worth's population, caused by the economic disaster and hard winter of 1873, had dealt a severe blow to the cattle industry. Added to the slowdown due to the railroad's stopping the laying of track {{convert|30|mi|km}} outside of Fort Worth, Cowart said that Fort Worth was so slow that he saw a [[cougar|panther]] <!-- (cougar, mountain lion) --> asleep in the street by the courthouse. Although an intended insult, the name Panther City was enthusiastically embraced when in 1876 Fort Worth recovered economically.<ref name="panthercity">{{cite news |title=History of Panther Mascot |url=http://www.pantherfountain.com/dallas_daily_herald.asp |publisher=The Panther Foundation |date=May 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826220421/http://www.pantherfountain.com/dallas_daily_herald.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref> Many businesses and organizations continue to use Panther in their name. A panther is set at the top of the police department badges.<ref name="FWPDBadge">{{cite news |title=Badge of Fort Worth Police Department |url=http://www.fortworthpd.com/badge.htm |publisher=[[Fort Worth Police Department]] |date=May 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012222216/http://www.fortworthpd.com/badge.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref> [[File:Old map-Fort Worth-1876.jpg|left|thumb|Lithograph of Fort Worth, 1876]] The "Panther City" tradition is also preserved in the names and design of some of the city's geographical/architectural features, such as Panther Island (in the Trinity River), the Flat Iron Building, [[Fort Worth Central Station]], and in two or three "Sleeping Panther" statues. [[File:Paddock Fort-Worth, Tex., and Rail-Roads 1888 UTA.jpg|thumb|''Map – showing – the Geographical location of Fort-Worth, Tex., and Rail-Roads'', 1888|alt=|left]] In 1876, the [[Texas and Pacific Railway]] finally was completed to Fort Worth, stimulating a boom and transforming the [[Fort Worth Stockyards]] into a premier center for the cattle wholesale trade.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fortworthstockyards.org/history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102063342/http://www.fortworthstockyards.org/history.htm |url-status=dead |title=History |date=March 30, 2016 |archive-date=November 2, 2006 |website=Fort Worth Stockyards}}</ref> Migrants from the devastated war-torn South continued to swell the population, and small, community factories and mills yielded to larger businesses. Newly dubbed the "Queen City of the Prairies",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ct.023 |title=Fort Worth, Texas |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |access-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051818/http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ct.023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Worth supplied a regional market via the growing transportation network. Fort Worth became the westernmost railhead and a transit point for cattle shipment. Louville Niles, a [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]-based businessman and main shareholder of the Fort Worth Stockyards Company, is credited with bringing the two biggest [[Meat packing industry|meatpacking]] firms at the time, [[Armour and Company|Armour]] and [[Swift & Company|Swift]], to the stockyards.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvn39 |title=Nilcs City, TX |website=Handbook of Texas Online |access-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231104810/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvn39 |url-status=live }}</ref> With the boom times came a variety of entertainments and related problems. Fort Worth had a knack for separating cattlemen from their money. Cowboys took full advantage of their last brush with civilization before the long drive on the [[Chisholm Trail]] from Fort Worth north to [[Kansas]]. They stocked up on provisions from local merchants, visited saloons for a bit of gambling and carousing, then rode northward with their cattle, only to whoop it up again on their way back. The town soon became home to "[[Hell's Half Acre (Fort Worth)|Hell's Half-Acre]]", the biggest collection of saloons, dance halls, and bawdy houses south of [[Dodge City, Kansas|Dodge City]] (the northern terminus of the Chisholm Trail), giving Fort Worth the nickname of the "Paris of the Plains".<ref>Julia Kathryn Garrett, ''Fort Worth: A Frontier Triumph'' (Austin: Encino, 1972)</ref><ref>Mack H. Williams, ''In Old Fort Worth: The Story of a City and Its People as published in the ''News-Tribune'' in 1976 and 1977'' (1977). Mack H. Williams, comp., The News-Tribune in Old Fort Worth (Fort Worth: News-Tribune, 1975)</ref> Certain sections of town were off-limits for proper citizens. Shootings, knifings, muggings, and brawls became a nightly occurrence. Cowboys were joined by a motley assortment of buffalo hunters, gunmen, adventurers, and crooks. Hell's Half Acre (also known as simply "The Acre") expanded as more people were drawn to the town. Occasionally, the Acre was referred to as "the bloody Third Ward" after it was designated one of the city's three political wards in 1876. By 1900, the Acre covered four of the city's main north-south thoroughfares.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hph01 |title=Hell's Half Acre, Fort Worth |website=Handbook of Texas Online |access-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-date=November 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115220641/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hph01 |url-status=live }}</ref> Local citizens became alarmed about the activities, electing [[Jim Courtright (gunman)|Timothy Isaiah "Longhair Jim" Courtright]] in 1876 as [[Marshal|city marshal]] with a mandate to tame it. Courtright sometimes collected and jailed 30 people on a Saturday night, but allowed the gamblers to operate, as they attracted money to the city. After learning that train and stagecoach robbers, such as the [[Sam Bass (outlaw)|Sam Bass]] gang, were using the area as a hideout, he intensified law enforcement, but certain businessmen advertised against too many restrictions in the area as having bad effects on the legitimate businesses. Gradually, the cowboys began to avoid the area; as businesses suffered, the city moderated its opposition. Courtright lost his office in 1879.<ref name=":0" /> Despite crusading mayors such as [[H.S. Broiles]] and newspaper editors such as B. B. Paddock, the Acre survived because it generated income for the city (all of it illegal) and excitement for visitors. Longtime Fort Worth residents claimed the place was never as wild as its reputation, but during the 1880s, Fort Worth was a regular stop on the "gambler's circuit" by [[Bat Masterson]], [[Doc Holliday]], and the [[Earp brothers]] (Wyatt, Morgan, and Virgil).<ref name=":0" /> [[James Earp]], the eldest of his brothers, lived with his wife in Fort Worth during this period; their house was at the edge of Hell's Half Acre, at 9th and Calhoun. He often tended bar at the Cattlemen's Exchange saloon in the "uptown" part of the city.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wyatt Earp's cow-boy campaign : the bloody restoration of law and order along the Mexican border, 1882 |last=Hornung |first=Chuck |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2016 |location=Jefferson, NC |page=12}}</ref> Reforming citizens objected to the [[dance hall]]s, where men and women mingled; by contrast, the saloons or gambling parlors had primarily male customers. In the late 1880s, Mayor Broiles and County Attorney R. L. Carlock initiated a reform campaign. In a public shootout on February 8, 1887, Jim Courtright was killed on Main Street by [[Luke Short]], who claimed he was "King of Fort Worth Gamblers".<ref name=":0" /> As Courtright had been popular, when Short was jailed for his murder, rumors floated of lynching him. Short's good friend Bat Masterson came armed and spent the night in his cell to protect him. The first [[Prohibition in the United States|prohibition]] campaign in Texas was mounted in Fort Worth in 1889, allowing other business and residential development in the area. Another change was the influx of [[African American|Black and African American]] residents. Excluded by state [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] from the business end of town and the more costly residential areas, the city's black citizens settled into the southern portion of the city. The popularity and profitability of the Acre declined and more derelicts and the homeless were seen on the streets. By 1900, most of the dance halls and gamblers were gone. Cheap variety shows and prostitution became the chief forms of entertainment. Some progressive politicians launched an offensive to seek out and abolish these perceived "vices" as part of the broader [[Progressive Era]] package of reforms.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Book of Texas (1916) (14770397571).jpg|thumb|[[Texas and Pacific Railway]] yard in Fort Worth, 1916|alt=|left]] [[File:Partial View of Business Section (20106688).jpg|thumb|left|Postcard of the Fort Worth business district, 1921]] [[File:Texas and Pacific Passenger Station, Fort Worth, Texas.jpg|thumb|Texas and Pacific Passenger Station, Fort Worth (postcard, ''circa'' 1909)]] In 1911, the Reverend [[J. Frank Norris]] launched an offensive against racetrack gambling in the ''Baptist Standard'' and used the pulpit of the First Baptist Church of Fort Worth to attack vice and prostitution. When he began to link certain Fort Worth businessmen with property in the Acre and announced their names from his pulpit, the battle heated up. On February 4, 1912, Norris's church was burned to the ground; that evening, his enemies tossed a bundle of burning oiled rags onto his porch, but the fire was extinguished and caused minimal damage. A month later, the [[arson]]ists succeeded in burning down the [[Clergy house|parsonage]]. In a sensational trial lasting a month, Norris was charged with [[perjury]] and arson in connection with the two fires. He was acquitted, but his continued attacks on the Acre accomplished little until 1917. A new city administration and the federal government, which was eyeing Fort Worth as a potential site for a [[Camp Bowie|major military training camp]], joined forces with the Baptist preacher to bring down the final curtain on the Acre. [[File:Fort Worth rally, 22 November 1963.jpg|thumb|President [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] in Fort Worth on Friday morning, November 22, 1963. He was assassinated in Dallas later in the day.]] The police department compiled statistics showing that 50% of the violent crime in Fort Worth occurred in the Acre, which confirmed respectable citizens' opinion of the area. After Camp Bowie (a World War I [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] training installation) was located on the outskirts of Fort Worth in 1917, the military used [[martial law]] to regulate prostitutes and barkeepers of the Acre. Fines and stiff jail sentences curtailed their activities. By the time Norris held a mock funeral parade to "bury [[John Barleycorn]]" in 1919, the Acre had become a part of Fort Worth history. The name continues to be associated with the southern end of Fort Worth.<ref>''Fort Worth Daily Democrat'', April 10, 1878, April 18, 1879, July 18, 1881. Oliver Knight, ''Fort Worth, Outpost on the Trinity'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953). Leonard Sanders, ''How Fort Worth Became the Texasmost City'' (Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum, 1973). Richard F. Selcer, ''Hell's Half Acre: The Life and Legend of a Red Light District'' (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1991). F. Stanley, ''Stanley F. L. Crocchiola'', Jim Courtright (Denver: World, 1957).</ref> In 1921, the whites-only union workers in the Fort Worth, Swift & Co. meatpacking plant in the Niles City Stockyards went on strike. The owners attempted to replace them with black [[strikebreakers]]. During union protests, strikebreaker African-American [[Lynching of Fred Rouse|Fred Rouse was lynched]] on a tree at the corner of NE 12th Street and Samuels Avenue. After he was hanged a white mob riddled his mutilated body with gunshots.{{sfn|Tarrant County Coalition for Peace and Justice|2021|p=}} On November 21, 1963, President [[John F. Kennedy]] arrived in Fort Worth, speaking the next morning before a breakfast meeting of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, then proceeding to Dallas where he was assassinated later that day. When oil began to gush in [[West Texas]] in the early 20th century, and again in the late 1970s, Fort Worth was at the center of the boom. By July 2007, advances in horizontal drilling technology made vast [[natural gas]] reserves in the [[Barnett Shale]] available directly under the city,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recent Development of the Barnett Shale Play, Fort Worth Basin, by Kent A. Bowker, #10126 (2007). |url=http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2007/07023bowker/ |access-date=May 12, 2020 |website=Search & Discovery |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731190623/http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2007/07023bowker/ |url-status=live }}</ref> helping many residents receive royalty checks for their mineral rights. Today, the City of Fort Worth and many residents are dealing with the benefits and issues associated with the natural-gas reserves underground.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1141711220070711?pageNumber=2 |title=In Fort Worth, gas boom fuels public outreach plan |date=July 11, 2007 |work=Reuters |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414133616/https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1141711220070711?pageNumber=2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realestatejournal.com/buysell/regionalnews/20050504-gold.html |title=Drilling for Natural Gas Faces Hurdle: Fort Worth |publisher=RealEstateJournal |date=April 29, 2005 |access-date=August 7, 2010 |archive-date=March 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312081319/http://www.realestatejournal.com/buysell/regionalnews/20050504-gold.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[2000 Fort Worth tornado|March 28, 2000]], at 6:15 pm, an [[Fujita scale|F3 tornado]] struck downtown Fort Worth, severely damaging many buildings. One of the hardest-hit structures was the Bank One Tower, which was one of the dominant features of the Fort Worth skyline and which had "Reata," a popular restaurant, on its top floor. It has since been converted to upscale [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]]s and officially renamed "The Tower." This was the first major [[tornado]] to strike Fort Worth proper since the early 1940s.<ref>National Weather Service statistics, "Tornados in North Texas, 1920–2009"</ref> From 2000 to 2006, Fort Worth was the fastest-growing large city in the United States;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |work=CNN |title=The fastest growing U.S. cities |date=June 28, 2007 |access-date=May 2, 2010 |first1=Les |last1=Christie |archive-date=April 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404170946/http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> it was voted one of "America's Most Livable Communities".<ref>{{cite web |title=America's Most Livable: Fort Worth, Texas |url=http://www.mostlivable.org/cities/ftworth/home.html |access-date=July 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160202101005/http://www.mostlivable.org/cities/ftworth/home.html |archive-date=February 2, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to the [[New Great Migration|reversal migration]], many African Americans have been relocating to Fort Worth for its affordable cost of living and job opportunities.<ref name="BlacksMovingSouth">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/22/nyregion/many-black-new-yorkers-are-moving-to-the-south.html |title=For New Life, Blacks in City Head to South |first=Dan |last=Bilefsky |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 21, 2011 |access-date=July 9, 2017 |archive-date=May 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501194516/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/22/nyregion/many-black-new-yorkers-are-moving-to-the-south.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, Fort Worth's mayor announced the city's continued growth to 20.78%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth's fast growth finds its way into mayor's 'State of the City' address |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/fort-worths-fast-growth-finds-its-way-into-mayors-state-of-the-city-address/287-2d2ebfeb-9a71-477d-bd16-5b550f95ccae |date=February 29, 2020 |website=[[WFAA]] |access-date=February 29, 2020 |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229162841/https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/fort-worths-fast-growth-finds-its-way-into-mayors-state-of-the-city-address/287-2d2ebfeb-9a71-477d-bd16-5b550f95ccae |url-status=live }}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau also noted the city's beginning of greater diversification from 2014–2018.<ref name=":2" /> On February 11, 2021, a [[Multiple-vehicle collision|pileup]] involving 133 cars and trucks crashed on I-35W due to freezing rain leaving ice. The pileup left at least six people dead and multiple injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/weather/2021/02/11/winter-weather-causes-hazardous-conditions-on-north-texas-roads/?outputType=amp |title=At least 6 dead in 133-car pileup in Fort Worth after freezing rain coats roads |date=February 12, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212000924/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/weather/2021/02/11/winter-weather-causes-hazardous-conditions-on-north-texas-roads/?outputType=amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/traffic/traffic-updates-overnight-sleet-turns-north-texas-roads-into-sheets-of-ice/2548822/?amp |title=6 Killed, Dozens Hurt as 130+ Vehicles Collide on 'Sheets of Ice' in Massive Fort Worth Pileup – NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth |date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212032451/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/traffic/traffic-updates-overnight-sleet-turns-north-texas-roads-into-sheets-of-ice/2548822/?amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2021/02/11/pileup-100-cars-trucks-trapped-drivers-interstate-35w-fort-worth/amp/ |title=6 Dead, Dozens Injured After Pileup Of Over 130 Vehicles On I-35W In Fort Worth – CBS Dallas / Fort Worth |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212031743/https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2021/02/11/pileup-100-cars-trucks-trapped-drivers-interstate-35w-fort-worth/amp/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Geography == [[File:W 7th bridge bikeway, Fort Worth.jpg|thumb|W 7th Bridge bikeway, 2015]] Fort Worth is located in [[North Texas]], and has a generally humid subtropical climate.<ref>{{cite web |title=NWS Ft. Worth |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/?n=dnarrative |access-date=March 3, 2016 |work=NOAA |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055856/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/?n=dnarrative |url-status=live }}</ref> It is part of the [[Cross Timbers]] region;<ref>{{cite web |title=Cross Timbers and Prairies Ecological Region |url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/habitats/cross_timbers/ecoregions/cross_timbers.phtml |website=Texas Parks and Wildlife Department |access-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-date=January 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126082442/http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/habitats/cross_timbers/ecoregions/cross_timbers.phtml |url-status=live }}</ref> this region is a boundary between the more heavily forested eastern parts and the rolling hills and prairies of the central part. Specifically, the city is part of the [[Cross Timbers#29d: Grand Prairie|Grand Prairie]] ecoregion within the Cross Timbers. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|349.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|342.2|sqmi|km2}} are land and {{convert|7.0|sqmi|km2}} are covered by water. It is a principal city in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]], and the second largest by population. The city of Fort Worth is not entirely contiguous and has several enclaves, practical enclaves, semi-enclaves, and cities that are otherwise completely or nearly surrounded by it, including: [[Westworth Village, Texas|Westworth Village]], [[River Oaks, Texas|River Oaks]], [[Saginaw, Texas|Saginaw]], [[Blue Mound, Texas|Blue Mound]], [[Benbrook, Texas|Benbrook]], [[Everman, Texas|Everman]], [[Forest Hill, Texas|Forest Hill]], [[Edgecliff Village, Texas|Edgecliff Village]], [[Westover Hills, Texas|Westover Hills]], [[White Settlement, Texas|White Settlement]], [[Sansom Park, Texas|Sansom Park]], [[Lake Worth, Texas|Lake Worth]], [[Lakeside, Tarrant County, Texas|Lakeside]], and [[Haslet, Texas|Haslet]]. Fort Worth contains over 1,000 natural-gas wells (December 2009 count) tapping the Barnett Shale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortworthtexas.gov/gaswells/ |title=Gas Well Drilling |website=City of Fort Worth, Texas |language=en |access-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202235751/http://fortworthtexas.gov/gaswells/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Each well site is a bare patch of gravel {{convert|2|-|5|acre|m2}} in size. As city ordinances permit them in all zoning categories, including residential, well sites can be found in a variety of locations. Some wells are surrounded by masonry fences, but most are secured by chain link. A large storage dam was completed in 1914 on the West Fork of the Trinity River, 7 miles (11 km) from the city, with a storage capacity of 33,495 acre feet of water.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lake Worth (Trinity River Basin) |url=http://www.twdb.texas.gov/surfacewater/rivers/reservoirs/worth/ |access-date=January 16, 2017 |website= |publisher=Texas Water Development Board |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827212130/http://www.twdb.texas.gov/surfacewater/rivers/reservoirs/worth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The lake formed by this dam is known as [[Lake Worth (Texas)|Lake Worth]]. === Neighborhoods === {{See also|List of neighborhoods in Fort Worth, Texas}}{{Wide image|Fort Worth Intermodal Transportation Center cropped.jpg|1200px|Skyline of Fort Worth at sunset|align-cap=center}} ==== Downtown ==== [[File:Fort Worth June 2016 46 (Sundance Square Plaza).jpg|thumb|[[Sundance Square]] Plaza, 2016]] [[Downtown Fort Worth]] consists of numerous districts comprising commercial and retail, residential, and entertainment. Among them, [[Sundance Square]] is a mixed-use district and popular for nightlife and entertainment. The [[Bass Performance Hall]] is located within Sundance Square. Nearby Upper West Side is also a notable district within downtown Fort Worth. It is bound roughly by Henderson Street to the east, the Trinity River to the west, [[Interstate 30 in Texas|Interstate 30]] to the south, and White Settlement Road to the north. The neighborhood contains several small and mid-sized office buildings and urban residences, but very little retail. ==== Stockyards ==== The [[Fort Worth Stockyards]] are a [[Historic districts in the United States|National Historic District]].<ref name="npgallery.nps.gov">{{Cite web |title=National Register Information System |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP |access-date=May 5, 2020 |website=National Park Service |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212111958/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP |url-status=live }}</ref> The Stockyards was once among the largest livestock markets in the United States and played a vital role in the city's early growth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Stockyards |url=https://www.fortworthstockyards.org/ |website=Fort Worth Stockyards |language=en |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505205216/https://www.fortworthstockyards.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Today the neighborhood is characterized by its many bars, restaurants, and notable country music venues such as [[Billy Bob's Texas|Billy Bob's]]. Fort Worth celebrity chef [[Tim Love]] of ''[[Iron Chef America]]'' and ''[[Top Chef Masters]]'' has operated multiple restaurants in the neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2020 |title=Restaurants {{!}} Chef Tim Love Eat, Drink & Live Well |url=https://cheftimlove.com/restaurants |access-date=May 5, 2020 |website=Chef Tim Love |language=en |archive-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414141915/https://cheftimlove.com/restaurants |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Bud |date=May 4, 2020 |title=It's time! Here's the list of what's open for Mother's Day, both dine-in and take-out |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |url=https://www.fox4news.com/video/679451 |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731190740/https://www.fox4news.com/video/679451 |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a mall at the Stockyards Station and a train via [[Grapevine Vintage Railroad]], that connects to downtown [[Grapevine, Texas|Grapevine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grapevine Vintage Railroad {{!}} Schedule & Tickets Here |url=https://www.grapevinetexasusa.com/grapevine-vintage-railroad/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=City of Grapevine, Texas |language=en-us |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190215/https://www.grapevinetexasusa.com/grapevine-vintage-railroad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Cowtown Coliseum]] hosts a weekly rodeo and also has the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weekly Rodeo & Wild West Show - Stockyards Rodeo in Fort Worth, TX |url=http://www.cowtowncoliseum.com/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Weekly Rodeo & Wild West Show - Stockyards Rodeo in Fort Worth, TX |language=en-US |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630121011/https://cowtowncoliseum.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=home {{!}} Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame|url=https://www.tchof.com/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=TX Cowboy HOF|language=en|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190425/https://www.tchof.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> The world's largest honky tonk is also in the Stockyards at [[Billy Bob's Texas|Billy Bob's]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Music, Classic Rock, Bull Riding, Food, and Games at Billy Bob's Texas |url=http://billybobstexas.com/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Billy Bob's Texas |language=en-US |archive-date=June 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035418/http://billybobstexas.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the Fort Worth Stockyards, Fort Worth is the only major city that hosts a daily cattle drive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Herd Twice Daily Cattle Drive |url=https://www.fortworthstockyards.org/events/fort-worth-herd-twice-daily-cattle-drive |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Fort Worth Stockyards |archive-date=May 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501224134/https://www.fortworthstockyards.org/events/fort-worth-herd-twice-daily-cattle-drive |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Tanglewood ==== [[Tanglewood, Fort Worth, Texas|Tanglewood]] consists of land in the low areas along the branch of the Trinity River and is approximately five miles southwest from the Fort Worth central business district.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2017 |title=History of Tanglewood |url=http://tanglewood-neighbors.org/association-information/history-of-tanglewood/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923084125/http://tanglewood-neighbors.org/association-information/history-of-tanglewood/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Tanglewood |url=https://fwtx.com/api/content/82282a06-25d6-5578-adb4-987f4fc9f131/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |website=Fort Worth Magazine |language=en-us |archive-date=July 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710110804/https://fwtx.com/fortworth/tanglewood/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Tanglewood area lies within two surveys. The western part of the addition is part of the 1854 Felix G. Beasley survey, and the eastern part, along the branch of the river, is the 1876 James Howard survey. The original approach to the Tanglewood area consisted of a two-rut dirt road, which is now Bellaire Drive South. Up to the time of development, children enjoyed swimming in the river in a deep hole that was located where the bridge is now on Bellaire Drive South near Trinity Commons Shopping Center. The portions of Tanglewood that are now Bellaire Park Court, Marquette Court, and Autumn Court were originally a dairy farm. === Architecture === {{See also|List of tallest buildings in Fort Worth}} [[File:0011Tarrant County Courthouse Full E Fort Worth Texas.jpg|thumb|[[Tarrant County Courthouse]]]] Downtown Fort Worth, with its unique rustic architecture, is mainly known for its [[Art Deco]]-style buildings. The [[Tarrant County Courthouse]] was created in the American [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] design, which was modeled after the [[Texas State Capitol]] building. Most of the structures around downtown's [[Sundance Square]] have preserved their early 20th-century [[façade]]s. Multiple blocks surrounding Sundance Square are illuminated at night in Christmas lights year-round. === Climate === Fort Worth has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa) according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, and is within USDA [[hardiness zone]] 8a.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=196014&cityname=Fort+Worth,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units= |title=Fort Worth, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |website=Weatherbase |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731190837/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=196014&cityname=Fort+Worth,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref> This region features very hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. The hottest month of the year is August, when the average high temperature is {{convert|96|F|C|1}}, and overnight low temperatures average {{convert|75|F|C|1}}, giving an average temperature of {{convert|85|F|C|1}}.<ref name="TWCFortWorth">{{cite web |title=Average and record temperatures and precipitation, Fort Worth, Texas |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0474 |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629125202/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USTX0474 |url-status=live }}</ref> The coldest month of the year is January, when the average high temperature is {{convert|56|F|C|1}} and low temperatures average {{convert|35|F|C|1}}.<ref name="TWCFortWorth" /> The average temperature in January is {{convert|46|°F}}.<ref name="TWCFortWorth" /> The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort Worth is {{convert|113|F|C|1}}, on June 26, 1980, during the [[1980 United States heat wave|Great 1980 Heat Wave]], and June 27, 1980.<ref>{{cite web |title=Daily and average temperatures for July, Fort Worth, Texas |publisher=The Weather Channel |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USTX0474?climoMonth=7 |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144630/https://weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/daily/USTX0474?climoMonth=7 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The coldest temperature ever recorded in Fort Worth was {{convert|-8|F|C|1}} on February 12, 1899. Because of its position in North Texas, Fort Worth is very susceptible to [[supercell thunderstorm]]s, which produce large hail and can produce [[tornado]]es. The average annual precipitation for Fort Worth is {{convert|34.01|in|mm|1}}.<ref name="TWCFortWorth" /> The wettest month of the year is May, when an average of {{convert|4.58|in|mm|1}} of precipitation falls.<ref name="TWCFortWorth" /> The driest month of the year is January, when only {{convert|1.70|in|mm|1}} of precipitation falls.<ref name="TWCFortWorth" /> The driest calendar year since records began has been 1921 with {{convert|17.91|in|mm|1}} and the wettest 2015 with {{convert|62.61|in|mm|1}}. The wettest calendar month has been April 1922 with {{convert|17.64|in|mm|1}}, including {{convert|8.56|in|mm|1}} on April 25. The average annual snowfall in Fort Worth is {{convert|2.6|in|mm|1}}.<ref>Average annual snowfall by month, [[NOAA]]. {{cite web |url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/snowfall.html |title=Governor Lynch's Veto Message Regarding HB 218 | Press Releases | Governor John Lynch |access-date=December 1, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619061102/http://www.governor.nh.gov/media/news/2011/061511-hb218.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2011}}</ref> The most snowfall in one month has been {{convert|13.5|in|mm|1}} in February 1978, and the most in a season {{convert|17.6|in|mm|1}} in 1977/1978. The [[National Weather Service Fort Worth, Texas|National Weather Service]] office, which serves the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, is based in northeastern Fort Worth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://srh.noaa.gov/fwd |title=NWS Fort Worth-Home |access-date=July 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723044659/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/ |archive-date=July 23, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = [[Fort Worth Meacham International Airport]], Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1940–present) |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 88 |Feb record high F = 97 |Mar record high F = 96 |Apr record high F = 102 |May record high F = 101 |Jun record high F = 107 |Jul record high F = 112 |Aug record high F = 110 |Sep record high F = 112 |Oct record high F = 106 |Nov record high F = 95 |Dec record high F = 90 |year record high F= 112 |Jan avg record high F = 78.1 |Feb avg record high F = 81.1 |Mar avg record high F = 86.0 |Apr avg record high F = 89.5 |May avg record high F = 95.5 |Jun avg record high F = 99.6 |Jul avg record high F = 103.6 |Aug avg record high F = 104.3 |Sep avg record high F = 99.3 |Oct avg record high F = 92.7 |Nov avg record high F = 83.2 |Dec avg record high F = 78.1 |year avg record high F = 105.7 |Jan high F = 56.4 |Feb high F = 60.5 |Mar high F = 68.0 |Apr high F = 75.6 |May high F = 83.5 |Jun high F = 91.5 |Jul high F = 95.7 |Aug high F = 95.9 |Sep high F = 88.3 |Oct high F = 77.9 |Nov high F = 66.2 |Dec high F = 57.8 |year high F= 76.4 |Jan mean F = 45.8 |Feb mean F = 49.8 |Mar mean F = 57.3 |Apr mean F = 64.7 |May mean F = 73.3 |Jun mean F = 81.4 |Jul mean F = 85.1 |Aug mean F = 85.2 |Sep mean F = 77.7 |Oct mean F = 66.9 |Nov mean F = 55.7 |Dec mean F = 47.5 |year mean F = 65.9 |Jan low F = 35.3 |Feb low F = 39.1 |Mar low F = 46.5 |Apr low F = 53.8 |May low F = 63.1 |Jun low F = 71.2 |Jul low F = 74.6 |Aug low F = 74.5 |Sep low F = 67.1 |Oct low F = 55.9 |Nov low F = 45.3 |Dec low F = 37.3 |year low F= 55.3 |Jan avg record low F = 19.9 |Feb avg record low F = 23.2 |Mar avg record low F = 28.5 |Apr avg record low F = 37.6 |May avg record low F = 49.1 |Jun avg record low F = 62.0 |Jul avg record low F = 68.8 |Aug avg record low F = 66.8 |Sep avg record low F = 53.9 |Oct avg record low F = 39.7 |Nov avg record low F = 29.3 |Dec avg record low F = 22.1 |year avg record low F = 16.5 |Jan record low F = −2 |Feb record low F = −2 |Mar record low F = 10 |Apr record low F = 28 |May record low F = 38 |Jun record low F = 52 |Jul record low F = 60 |Aug record low F = 58 |Sep record low F = 40 |Oct record low F = 24 |Nov record low F = 19 |Dec record low F = 10 |year record low F= −2 |Jan precipitation inch = 2.05 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.41 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.16 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.06 |May precipitation inch = 4.02 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.02 |Jul precipitation inch = 2.18 |Aug precipitation inch = 2.23 |Sep precipitation inch = 2.59 |Oct precipitation inch = 4.46 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.52 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.64 |year precipitation inch= 35.34 |Jan precipitation days = 7.2 |Feb precipitation days = 6.1 |Mar precipitation days = 7.5 |Apr precipitation days = 7.2 |May precipitation days = 9.3 |Jun precipitation days = 7.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.5 |Sep precipitation days = 5.8 |Oct precipitation days = 7.1 |Nov precipitation days = 6.7 |Dec precipitation days = 6.5 |year precipitation days= 79.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan sun = 186.0 |Feb sun = 169.5 |Mar sun = 217.0 |Apr sun = 240.0 |May sun = 248.0 |Jun sun = 300.0 |Jul sun = 341.0 |Aug sun = 310.0 |Sep sun = 240.0 |Oct sun = 217.0 |Nov sun = 180.0 |Dec sun = 186.0 |Jan percentsun = 60 |Feb percentsun = 55 |Mar percentsun = 58 |Apr percentsun = 62 |May percentsun = 57 |Jun percentsun = 71 |Jul percentsun = 79 |Aug percentsun = 77 |Sep percentsun = 67 |Oct percentsun = 64 |Nov percentsun = 60 |Dec percentsun = 60 |Jan uv = 3 |Feb uv = 5 |Mar uv = 7 |Apr uv = 9 |May uv = 10 |Jun uv = 11 |Jul uv = 10 |Aug uv = 10 |Sep uv = 8 |Oct uv = 6 |Nov uv = 4 |Dec uv = 3 |source 1 = National Climatic Data Center<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=fwd |title=NOW Data-NOAA Online Weather Data |access-date=August 2, 2009 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |year=2009 |archive-date=December 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210080429/http://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=fwd |url-status=live }}</ref> |date=August 2010 |source 2= Weather Atlas <ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/texas-usa/fort-worth-climate |title=Fort Worth, Texas, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=June 14, 2019 |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304025918/https://www.weather-us.com/en/texas-usa/fort-worth-climate |url-status=live }}</ref> (sunshine data, UV index) }} == Demographics == {{US Census population |1880= 6663 |1890= 23076 |1900= 26668 |1910= 73312 |1920= 106482 |1930= 163447 |1940= 177662 |1950= 278778 |1960= 356268 |1970= 393476 |1980= 385164 |1990= 447619 |2000= 534697 |2010= 741206 |2020= 918915 |estyear=2022 |estimate= 956709 |estref= |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919115202/https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/> }} Fort Worth is the most populous city in [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]], and second-most populous community within the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]. Its metropolitan statistical area encompasses one-quarter of the population of Texas, and is the largest in the [[Southern United States|Southern U.S.]] and [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|Texas]] followed by the [[Greater Houston|Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area]]. At the [[American Community Survey]]'s 2018 census estimates, the city of Fort Worth had a population near 900,000 residents.<ref name=":2" /> In 2019, it grew to an estimated 909,585. At the [[2020 United States census]], Fort Worth had a population of 918,915 and 2022 census estimates numbered approximately 956,709 residents.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=QuickFacts: Fort Worth city, Texas |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/fortworthcitytexas/PST045219 |url-status=live |access-date=August 12, 2021 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927201037/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/fortworthcitytexas/PST045219 }}</ref> There were 337,072 housing units, 308,188 households, and 208,389 families at the 2018 census estimates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Households and Families Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20housing&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1101&t=Housing&layer=place&vintage=2018 |access-date=February 15, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731202813/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20housing&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1101&t=Housing&layer=place&vintage=2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The average household size was 2.87 persons per household, and the average family size was 3.50. Fort Worth had an owner-occupied housing rate of 56.4% and renter-occupied housing rate of 43.6%. The [[median income]] in 2018 was $58,448 and the [[mean income]] was $81,165.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Annual Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20income&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&layer=place |access-date=February 15, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731185047/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20income&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&layer=place |url-status=live }}</ref> The city had a per capita income of $29,010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Per Capita Income Estimate |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20per%20capita&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSDT1Y2018.B19301&layer=place |access-date=February 15, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731201523/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20per%20capita&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSDT1Y2018.B19301&layer=place |url-status=live }}</ref> Roughly 15.6% of Fort Worthers lived at or below the poverty line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Poverty Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1701&t=Poverty&layer=place |access-date=February 15, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731192035/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1701&t=Poverty&layer=place |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010's American Community Survey census estimates there were 291,676 housing units,<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2010 Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20demographics&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSDP1Y2010.DP05&hidePreview=false |access-date=October 26, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304225351/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20demographics&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSDP1Y2010.DP05&hidePreview=false |url-status=live }}</ref> 261,042 households, and 174,909 families.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2010 Households and Families Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20households%20and%20families&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1101&hidePreview=false |access-date=October 26, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304220908/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20households%20and%20families&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1101&hidePreview=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Worth had an average household size of 2.78 and the average family size was 3.47. A total of 92,952 households had children under 18 years living with them. There were 5.9% opposite sex unmarried-partner households and 0.5% same sex unmarried-partner households in 2010. The owner-occupied housing rate of Fort Worth was 59.0% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 41.0%. Fort Worth's median household income was $48,224 and the mean was $63,065.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2010 Annual Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20income&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1901&hidePreview=false |access-date=October 26, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212822/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20income&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1901&hidePreview=false |url-status=live }}</ref> An estimated 21.4% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2010 Poverty Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1701&hidePreview=false |access-date=October 26, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304225849/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4827000&tid=ACSST1Y2010.S1701&hidePreview=false |url-status=live }}</ref> === Race and ethnicity === {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" |- ! Racial and ethnic composition !! 2020<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4827000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=April 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430041925/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4827000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20(PL%2094-171)&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4827000.html |title=Fort Worth (city), Texas |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424105715/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4827000.html |archive-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |title=Texas - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1" />!! 1940<ref name="census1" /> |- | [[White Americans|White (non-Hispanic)]] || 36.6% || 41.7% || 56.5% || 72.0%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}}|| n/a |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 34.8% || 34.1% || 19.5% || 7.9%{{efn|name="fifteen"}}|| n/a |- |[[African American|Black or African American]]|| 19.2% || 18.9% || 22.0% || 19.9% || 14.2% |- |[[Asian American|Asian]]|| 5.1% || 3.7% || 2.0% || 0.1% || - |} [[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Fort Worth (5560466366).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Fort Worth, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]] At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 U.S. census]], the racial composition of Fort Worth's population was 61.1% [[White American|White]] ([[non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic whites]]: 41.7%), 18.9% [[African American|Black or African American]], 0.6% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 3.7% [[Asian American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander]], 34.1% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race), and 3.1% of [[Multiracial American|two or more races]]. In 2018, 38.2% of Fort Worth was non-Hispanic white, 18.6% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, 4.8% Asian American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.1% from two or more races, and 35.5% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), marking an era of [[Multiculturalism|diversification]] in the city limits.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2018 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas&g=1600000US4827000&hidePreview=false&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=place&lastDisplayedRow=93 |access-date=January 27, 2020 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731192508/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Fort%20Worth%20city,%20Texas&g=1600000US4827000&hidePreview=false&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=place&lastDisplayedRow=93 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinberg |first=Tessa |date=June 30, 2019 |title=Tarrant County's Hispanic, black and Asian populations keep growing, whites less so |work=Fort Worth-Star Telegram |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article231768138.html |access-date=February 29, 2020 |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229173002/https://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article231768138.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A study determined Fort Worth as one of the most diverse cities in the United States in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth deemed one of the country's 25 most diverse cities by new report |url=https://fortworth.culturemap.com/news/city-life/04-12-19-most-diverse-cities-america-wallethub-rank-2019-fort-worth/ |access-date=October 20, 2020 |website=CultureMap Fort Worth |language=en |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021152958/https://fortworth.culturemap.com/news/city-life/04-12-19-most-diverse-cities-america-wallethub-rank-2019-fort-worth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For contrast, in 1970, the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] reported Fort Worth's population as 72% non-Hispanic white, 19.9% African American, and 7.9% Hispanic or Latino.<ref name="census1" /> By the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name=":5" /> continued population growth spurred further diversification with 36.6% of the population being non-Hispanic white, 34.8% Hispanic or Latino American of any race, and 19.2% Black or African American; Asian Americans increased to forming 5.1% of the population, reflecting nationwide demographic trends at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Mike |title=Fort Worth Among US Cities With Largest Growth in Black Population |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/fort-worth-among-us-cities-with-growth-in-black-population/2914477/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth |date=March 14, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524092023/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/fort-worth-among-us-cities-with-growth-in-black-population/2914477/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last4=Essig |first1=Alexa |last1=Ura |first2=Jason |last2=Kao |first3=Carla |last3=Astudillo |first4=Chris |date=2021-08-12 |title=People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en |archive-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607230948/https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Census data shows widening diversity; number of White people falls for first time |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/08/12/census-data-race-ethnicity-neighborhoods/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415134223/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/08/12/census-data-race-ethnicity-neighborhoods/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, a total of 31,485 residents were of [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref name=":5" /> === Religion === [[File:St. Patrick Cathedral - Fort Worth, Texas 02.jpg|thumb|[[St. Patrick Cathedral (Fort Worth, Texas)|St. Patrick Cathedral]], see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth]]]] Located within the [[Bible Belt]], [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] is the largest collective religious group in Fort Worth proper, and [[Christianity in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|the Metroplex]]. Both Dallas and [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]], and Fort Worth and Tarrant County have a plurality of [[Catholic Church in the United States|Roman Catholic]] residents.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tarrant County, TX - Congregational Membership Reports |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?t=0&y=2020&y2=0&c=48439 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Association of Religion Data Archives |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011236/https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?t=0&y=2020&y2=0&c=48439 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas County, TX - Congregational Membership Reports |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=0&c=48113 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Association of Religion Data Archives |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531115951/https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&y2=0&t=0&c=48113 |url-status=live }}</ref> Overall, the Dallas metropolitan division of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex is more religiously diverse than Fort Worth and its surrounding suburbs, particularly in the principal cities' counties. [[File:Greater Saint James Baptist Church Fort Worth Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|thumb|[[Saint James Second Street Baptist Church]], a historic [[Black church|predominantly African American Baptist church]]]] The oldest continuously operating church in Fort Worth is [[First Christian Church (Fort Worth, Texas)|First Christian Church]], founded in 1855.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Christian Church |url=https://www.fortworth.com/listings/first-christian-church/2757/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |website=Visit Fort Worth |language=en-us |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929010310/https://www.fortworth.com/listings/first-christian-church/2757/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other historical churches continuing operation in the city include [[St. Patrick Cathedral (Fort Worth, Texas)|St. Patrick Cathedral]] (founded 1888), [[Saint James Second Street Baptist Church]] (founded 1895), [[Tabernacle Baptist Church]] (built 1923), [[St. Mary of the Assumption Church (Fort Worth)|St. Mary of the Assumption Church]] (built 1924), [[Our Mother of Mercy Catholic Church and Parsonage]] (built 1929 and 1911), and [[Morning Chapel C.M.E. Church]] (built 1934). According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] in 2020, Tarrant County's Catholic community numbered 359,705,<ref name=":1" /> and was the Fort Worth metropolitan division's single largest Christian denomination or tradition with 378,490 adherents.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Metropolitan Division, DFW - TX Congregational Membership Reports |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?STCOD=48&c=48497&t=0&y=2020&y2=0&c=48367&c=48251&c=48439 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Association of Religion Data Archives |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011235/https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?STCOD=48&c=48497&t=0&y=2020&y2=0&c=48367&c=48251&c=48439 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth]], there are approximately 1,200,000 Catholics altogether as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diocese History |url=https://fwdioc.org/history |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth |language=en |quote=Today the Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth has grown from 60,000 Catholics in 1969 to 1,200,000 Catholics. The Diocese comprises 92 Parishes and 17 Schools, with 132 Priests (67 are Diocesan), 106 Permanent Deacons and 48 Sisters. |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709183150/https://fwdioc.org/history |url-status=live }}</ref> Among other Christian bodies embodying [[catholicity]], the Association of Religion Data Archives reported the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] was the largest [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christian]] group, followed by the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] and [[Orthodox Church in America]], the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] numbering 6,216 altogether. Home to a large [[Protestantism|Protestant Christian]] community, [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptists]] were the second-largest single Christian denomination for Fort Worth's metropolitan division in 2020, with 347,771 adherents.<ref name=":6" /> Southern Baptists have been divided between the more traditionalist and conservative [[Southern Baptists of Texas Convention]], and the theologically moderate [[Baptist General Convention of Texas]]; according to the Baptist General Convention of Texas, there are 167 churches within the vicinity of Fort Worth proper as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Churches |url=https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/churches |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Texas Baptists |language=en |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011235/https://www.texasbaptists.org/about/churches |url-status=live }}</ref> The Southern Baptists of Texas Convention listed 117 churches in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find a Church |url=https://sbtexas.com/find-a-church/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Southern Baptists of Texas Convention |language=en-US |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011235/https://sbtexas.com/find-a-church/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other prominent Baptist denominations such as the [[National Missionary Baptist Convention of America|National Missionary Baptist Convention]], [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention]], [[National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.|National Baptist Convention of America]], [[Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship]], [[American Baptist Association]], and the [[National Association of Free Will Baptists]] collectively numbered 51,261 at the 2020 study. [[Nondenominational Christianity|Non- and inter-denominational churches]] dominated Fort Worth's religious landscape as the third-largest group of Christians. Having more than 289,554 adherents,<ref name=":6" /> non/inter-denominational Christians represented the growing trend of ecumenism within the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silliman |first=Daniel |date=2022-11-16 |title='Nondenominational' Is Now the Largest Segment of American Protestants |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/november/religion-census-nondenominational-church-growth-nons.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=News & Reporting |language=en |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629095740/https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/november/religion-census-nondenominational-church-growth-nons.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=A 'Postdenominational' Era: Inside The Rise Of The Unaffiliated Church |url=https://religionunplugged.com/news/2022/11/15/are-we-entering-an-postdenominational-era-inside-the-rise-of-the-unaffiliated-church |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Religion Unplugged |language=en-US |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011235/https://religionunplugged.com/news/2022/11/15/are-we-entering-an-postdenominational-era-inside-the-rise-of-the-unaffiliated-church |url-status=live }}</ref> [[History of Methodism in the United States|Methodists]] were the fourth-largest Christian group with more than 100,000 adherents of the [[United Methodist Church]] spread throughout Fort Worth's metropolitan division. The [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]], [[Christian Methodist Episcopal Church]], [[African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church]], and [[Free Methodist Church]] also formed a substantial portion of the area's Methodist population. [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostals]], descended from the [[Wesleyan-Holiness movement]] of Methodists, formed the fifth-largest Christian constituency and primarily divided between the [[Assemblies of God USA]] and [[Church of God in Christ]]. Among Fort Worther's non-Christian community, [[Islam in the United States|Islam]] and [[Judaism]] were the second- and third-largest religious communities.<ref name=":6" /> According to the Association of Religion Data Archives, there were an estimated 37,488 Muslims and 2,413 Jews living in Fort Worth's vicinity, although the Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life estimated 5,000 Jews in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISJL - Texas Fort Worth Encyclopedia |url=https://www.isjl.org/texas-fort-worth-encyclopedia.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life |language=en |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623011236/https://www.isjl.org/texas-fort-worth-encyclopedia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Religions including [[Hinduism]] and [[Baháʼí Faith|Baha'i]] had a minuscule presence in the Fort Worth area according to the 2020 study, and [[Christendom]] remained more prevalent than in the Dallas metropolitan division.<ref name=":6" /> == Economy == {{See also|List of companies in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex}} At its inception, Fort Worth relied on cattle drives that traveled the [[Chisholm Trail]]. Millions of cattle were driven north to market along this trail, and Fort Worth became the center of cattle drives, and later, ranching until the [[American Civil War]]. During the American Civil War, Fort Worth suffered shortages causing its population to decline. It recovered during the [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] with general stores, banks, and "[[Hell's Half Acre (Fort Worth)|Hell's Half-Acre]]", a large collection of saloons and dance halls which increased business and criminal activity in the city. By the early 20th century the military used martial law to regulate Hell's Half-Acre's bartenders and prostitutes. Since the late 20th century several major companies have been headquartered in Fort Worth. These include [[American Airlines Group]] (and subsidiaries [[American Airlines]] and [[Envoy Air]]), the [[John Peter Smith Hospital]], [[Pier 1|Pier 1 Imports]], [[Chip 1 Exchange]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Convinces California Companies to Relocate to Cowtown |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/fort-worth-convinces-california-companies-to-relocate-in-cowtown/208725/ |website=NBC 5 Dallas–Fort Worth |date=August 2019 |language=en-US |access-date=May 14, 2020 |archive-date=May 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506014106/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/fort-worth-convinces-california-companies-to-relocate-in-cowtown/208725/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[RadioShack]], [[Pioneer Corporation]], [[Cash America International]], [[GM Financial]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/article156670054.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617024757/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/article156670054.html |archive-date=2017-06-17 |title=XTO Energy to move 1,600 jobs from Fort Worth to Houston campus {{!}} Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> [[Budget Host]], the [[BNSF Railway]], and [[Bell Textron]]. Companies with a significant presence in the city are [[Bank of America]], [[Wells Fargo]], [[Lockheed Martin]], [[GE Transportation]], and Dallas-based telecommunications company [[AT&T]]. [[Metro by T-Mobile]] is also prominent in the city. == Culture == [[File:The Flagship Knoxville, a fully restored DC-3 aircraft at the American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum on the campus of the American Airlines Flight Academy, at the southern end of DFW International LCCN2015630847.tif|thumb|American Airlines DC-3 NC21798 "Flagship Knoxville" on permanent display at the CR Smith Museum|197x197px]] Building on its [[American frontier|Frontier Western]] heritage and a history of strong local arts patronage, Fort Worth promotes itself as the "City of Cowboys and Culture".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=The City Of Cowboys And Culture |url=https://thefortworthtxdentist.com/blog/2015/05/the-city-of-cowboys-and-culture/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Steven M. Huffstutler |language=en-US |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623015623/https://thefortworthtxdentist.com/blog/2015/05/the-city-of-cowboys-and-culture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Worth has the world's first and largest indoor rodeo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Jason |date=2013-01-21 |title=Did Fort Worth Really Have the World's First Indoor Rodeo? |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/did-fort-worth-really-have-the-worlds-first-indoor-rodeo/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Texas Monthly |language=en |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623015623/https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/did-fort-worth-really-have-the-worlds-first-indoor-rodeo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> world-class museums, a calendar of festivals and a robust local arts scene. The [[Academy of Western Artists]], based in [[Gene Autry, Oklahoma|Gene Autry]], [[Oklahoma]], presents its annual awards in Fort Worth in fields related to the American cowboy, including music, literature, and even chuck wagon cooking.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Academy |url=http://awaawards.org/about.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131130821/http://www.awaawards.org/about.htm |archive-date=January 31, 2012 |access-date=July 13, 2012 |publisher=Academy of Western Artists}}</ref> Fort Worth is also the 1931 birthplace of the Official State Music of Texas—[[Western Swing]], which was created by [[Bob Wills]] and [[Milton Brown]] and their [[Light Crust Doughboys]] band in a ramshackle dancehall 4 miles west of downtown at the Crystal Springs Dance Pavilion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas State Music |url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/texas/state-dance-music-symbol/western-swin |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=State Symbols USA}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Arts and sciences === {{div col}} ;Theatre * Amphibian Stage Productions * [[Bass Performance Hall]] * [[Casa Mañana]] * Circle Theatre * Jubilee Theater * Kids Who Care Inc. * Stage West ;Music * [[Billy Bob's]] * [[Fort Worth Opera]] * [[Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra]] * Live Eclectic Music (Ridglea Theater)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ridgleatheater.com/ |title=Ridglea Theater |publisher=Ridglea Theater |access-date=August 7, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722003257/http://www.ridgleatheater.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Texas Ballet Theater]] * [[Van Cliburn International Piano Competition]] ;Museums * [[Al and Ann Stohlman]] Museum * [[C.R. Smith Museum|American Airline C.R. Smith Museum]] * [[Amon Carter Museum of American Art]] * [[Fort Worth Museum of Science and History]] * Fort Worth Stockyards Museum * [[Kimbell Art Museum]] * [[Lenora Rolla Heritage Center Museum]] * [[Log Cabin Village]] * Military Museum of Fort Worth * [[Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth]] * [[National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame]] * [[National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum]] * [[Sid Richardson Museum]] * Texas Civil War Museum * [[Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame]] {{div col end}} ===Nature=== [[File:FW Japanese Gardens 2 (5569039869).jpg|thumb|The Japanese Gardens at the [[Fort Worth Botanic Garden]], 2011|197x197px]] The [[Fort Worth Zoo]] is home to over 5,000 animals. The [[Fort Worth Botanic Garden]] and the [[Botanical Research Institute of Texas]] are also in the city. For those interested in hiking, birding, or canoeing, the [[Fort Worth Nature Center and Refuge]] in northwest Fort Worth is a 3,621-acre preserved natural area designated by the Department of the Interior as a National Natural Landmark Site in 1980. Established in 1964 as the Greer Island Nature Center and Refuge, it celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends of Fort Worth Nature Center |url=https://naturecenterfriends.org/index.php/about-us/ |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185551/https://naturecenterfriends.org/index.php/about-us/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Nature Center has a small, genetically pure [[bison]] herd, and native [[prairie]]s, [[forest]]s, and [[wetland]]s. It is one of the largest urban parks of its type in the United States.<ref name="Aboutfwncr">{{cite web |title=About The Fort Worth Nature Center & Refuge |url=https://www.fwnaturecenter.org/about-the-fort-worth-nature-center-refuge/ |website=Fort Worth Nature Center & Refuge |publisher=City of Fort Worth |access-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804080739/https://www.fwnaturecenter.org/about-the-fort-worth-nature-center-refuge/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Parks=== [[File: Fort Worth Water Gardens 1 (4689217353).jpg|thumb|The [[Fort Worth Water Gardens]]]] Fort Worth has a total of 263 parks with 179 of those being neighborhood parks. The total acres of parkland is 11,700.72 acres with the average being about 12.13 acres per park.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortworthtexas.gov/parks/info/ |title=Fort Worth Park Facts |website=City of Fort Worth, Texas |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109152601/http://fortworthtexas.gov/parks/info/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The 4.3 acre (1.7 hectare) [[Fort Worth Water Gardens]], designed by noted [[New York City|New York]] architects [[Philip Johnson]] and [[John Burgee]], is an [[urban park]] containing three pools of water and terraced knolls; the Water Gardens are billed as a "cooling oasis in the concrete jungle" of downtown. [[Heritage Park Plaza]] is a [[Modernist]]-style park that was designed by [[Lawrence Halprin]].<ref name="nrhpreg">{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Heritage Park Plaza / Heritage Park; Heritage Park Overlook; Upper Heritage Park |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/HeritageParkPlaza.pdf |date=December 16, 2009 |author=W. Dwayne Jones and Michal G. Tincup |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=May 21, 2010 |archive-date=May 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529193531/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/HeritageParkPlaza.pdf |url-status=live }} (88 pages, with maps, plans, and 38 photos from 2010)</ref> The plaza design incorporates a set of interconnecting rooms constructed of concrete and activated throughout by flowing water walls, channels, and pools and was added to the US [[National Register of Historic Places]] on May 10, 2010.<ref name="newlistings2010may21">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20100521.htm |title=Announcements and actions on properties for the National Register of Historic Places for May 21, 2010 |date=May 21, 2010 |access-date=May 21, 2010 |work=Weekly Listings |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |archive-date=May 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529131613/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20100521.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> There are two off-leash [[dog park]]s located in the city, ZBonz Dog Park and Fort Woof. The park includes an [[Dog agility|agility course]], water fountains, shaded shelters, and waste stations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortworthtexas.gov/dogparks/ |title=Fort Worth Dog Parks |website=City of Fort Worth, Texas |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109090145/http://fortworthtexas.gov/dogparks/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sports == [[File:Texas Christian University June 2017 87 (Amon G. Carter Stadium).jpg|thumb|[[Amon G. Carter Stadium]] of the [[TCU Horned Frogs]]]] While much of Fort Worth's sports attention is focused on Dallas's professional sports teams,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/nfl/dallas-cowboys/article230623044.html |title=Why, when it comes to pro sports, Fort Worth wants no part of the major leagues |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616233502/https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/nfl/dallas-cowboys/article230623044.html |archive-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref> the city has its own athletic identity. There is one professional sports team in Fort Worth proper, [[Panther City Lacrosse Club]] of the [[National Lacrosse League]]. It was founded in 2020 and plays at [[Dickies Arena]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dow |first=Lawrence |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Who are the Panther City Lacrosse Club? |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/article272087047.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Fort Worth-Star Telegram}}</ref> In 2021, it was announced that [[Austin Bold FC]] would relocate to Fort Worth, providing Fort Worth with a [[USL Championship]] club.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New ownership approved for Austin Bold, club will not play in 2022 as it pursues relocation |url=https://www.thestriker.com/2021/12/10/austin-bold-donnie-nelson-fort-worth-bobby-epstein |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=The Striker |language=en |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623015623/https://www.thestriker.com/2021/12/10/austin-bold-donnie-nelson-fort-worth-bobby-epstein |url-status=live }}</ref> Semi-professionally, the Fort Worth Jaguars play in the [[North American Floorball League]] and the [[North Texas Bulls]] of the [[National Arena League]] play at [[Cowtown Coliseum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Fort Worth Jaguars |url=https://www.ftwjaguars.com/about |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=North American Floorball League |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623015624/https://www.ftwjaguars.com/about |url-status=live }}</ref> There are three amateur soccer clubs in Fort Worth: [[Fort Worth Vaqueros FC]], [[Inocentes FC]], and Azul City Premier FC; Inocentes and Azul City Premier both play in the [[United Premier Soccer League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teams |url=https://premier.upsl.com/teams/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=United Premier Soccer League |language=en-US |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172259/https://premier.upsl.com/teams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Vaqueros play in the [[National Premier Soccer League]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Teams |url=https://www.npsl.com/teams/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=National Premier Soccer League |language=en-US |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603013024/https://www.npsl.com/teams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Boise State 2010 Fiesta Bowl.jpg|thumb|The [[2010 Fiesta Bowl]] with [[Boise State Broncos football|Boise State]] against TCU]] Collegiately, [[Texas Christian University]]'s athletic teams are the premier college sports teams for Fort Worth. The [[TCU Horned Frogs]] compete in [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I athletics. The [[TCU Horned Frogs football|Horned Frog football team]] produced two national championships in the 1930s and remained a strong competitor in the [[Southwest Conference]] into the 1960s before beginning a long period of underperformance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TCU Fact Book (PDF) |url=https://gofrogs.com/documents/2020/1/28/TCU_Fact_Book_Jan_28.pdf |website=TCU Athletics |language=en |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306085908/https://gofrogs.com/documents/2020/1/28/TCU_Fact_Book_Jan_28.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The revival of the TCU football program began under [[Dennis Franchione]] with the success of running back [[LaDainian Tomlinson]]. Under [[Gary Patterson]], the Horned Frogs have developed into a perennial top-10 contender, and a [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] winner in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Football - Story Archives |url=https://gofrogs.com/archives.aspx?path=football&year=2011 |website=TCU Athletics |language=en |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731192250/https://gofrogs.com/archives.aspx?path=football&year=2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Notable players include [[Sammy Baugh]], [[Davey O'Brien]], [[Bob Lilly]], LaDainian Tomlinson, [[Jerry Hughes]], and [[Andy Dalton (American football)|Andy Dalton]]. The Horned Frogs, along with their rivals and fellow non-AQ leaders [[Boise State University|the Boise State Broncos]] and University of Utah Utes, were deemed the quintessential [[BCS Buster|"BCS Busters"]], having appeared in both the Fiesta and Rose bowls. Their "BCS Buster" role ended in 2012 when they joined the [[Big 12]] athletic conference in all sports. Nearby [[Texas Wesleyan University]] competes in the [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics|NAIA]], and won the 2006 NAIA Div. I Men's Basketball Championship and three-time [[National Collegiate Table Tennis Association]] (NCTTA) team championships (2004–2006). Fort Worth is also home to the NCAA football Lockheed Martin [[Armed Forces Bowl]]. === Recreation === ==== Colonial National Invitational Golf Tournament ==== Fort Worth hosts an important professional men's golf tournament every May at the [[Colonial Country Club (Fort Worth)|Colonial Country Club]]. The Colonial Invitational Golf Tournament, now officially known as the [[Fort Worth Invitational]], is one of the more prestigious and historical events of the tour calendar. The Colonial Country Club was the home course of golfing legend [[Ben Hogan]], who was from Fort Worth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hogan's legacy lives on at Colonial Country Club |url=https://www.pgatour.com/long-form/2018/05/22/ben-hogan-legacy-colonial-country-club.html |website=PGATour |language=en |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731230028/https://www.pgatour.com/long-form/2018/05/22/ben-hogan-legacy-colonial-country-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Motor racing ==== [[File:Kaz Grala Pitting at Texas Motor Speedway 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Kaz Grala]] pitting at Texas Motor Speedway, 2018]] [[File:Team calf-roping at a rodeo located in Fort Worth.jpg|thumb|Team calf-roping at a rodeo located in Fort Worth at the Stockyards]] Fort Worth is home to [[Texas Motor Speedway]], also known as "The Great American Speedway". Texas Motor Speedway is a 1.5-mile quad-oval track located in the far northern part of the city in [[Denton County, Texas|Denton County]]. The speedway opened in 1997, and currently hosts an [[IndyCar]] event and six [[NASCAR]] events among three major race weekends a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indycar.com/Schedule/2014/IndyCar-Series/Texas |title=Firestone 600 |work=IndyCar.com |access-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224157/http://www.indycar.com/Schedule/2014/IndyCar-Series/Texas |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Texas Motor Speedway |url=http://www.nascar.com/en_us/sprint-cup-series/schedule/tracks/texas-motor-speedway.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422111844/http://www.nascar.com/en_us/sprint-cup-series/schedule/tracks/texas-motor-speedway.html |archive-date=April 22, 2015 |access-date=March 3, 2016 |work=NASCAR}}</ref> Amateur sports-car racing in the greater Fort Worth area occurs mostly at two purpose-built tracks: [[MotorSport Ranch]] and [[Eagles Canyon Raceway]]. Sanctioning bodies include the [[Porsche Club of America]], the National Auto Sports Association, and the [[Sports Car Club of America]]. ==== Cowtown Marathon ==== The annual [[Cowtown Marathon]] has been held every last weekend in February since 1978. The two-day activities include two 5Ks, a 10K, the half marathon, marathon, and ultra marathon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information Center |url=https://www.cowtownmarathon.org/runners/information-center |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Cowtown Marathon |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623015624/https://www.cowtownmarathon.org/runners/information-center |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Rodeo ==== In addition to the weekly rodeos held at Cowtown Coliseum in the Stockyards, the [[Southwestern Exposition and Livestock Show|Fort Worth Stock Show and Rodeo]] is held within the [[Will Rogers Memorial Center]] at the Dickies Arena.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Stock Show & Rodeo |url=https://www.fwssr.com/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=www.fwssr.com |language=en |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709070652/https://www.fwssr.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://dickies-dev.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Dickies Arena |language=en |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185522/http://dickies-dev.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dickies Arena also hosts a few TCU basketball games and in the future planned to host college basketball tournaments at the conference and national levels. == Government == [[File:Fort Worth June 2016 16 (City Hall).jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|City Hall in Fort Worth]] [[File:PostOffice1.jpg|alt=|thumb|Downtown [[United States Postal Service|U.S. post office]] in Fort Worth]] === City government === Fort Worth has a [[council-manager]] government, with elections held every two years for a [[Mayor of Fort Worth|mayor]], elected at large, and eight council members, elected by district. The mayor is a voting member of the council and represents the city on ceremonial occasions. The council has the power to adopt [[municipal ordinance]]s and resolutions, make proclamations, set the city tax rate, approve the city budget, and appoint the city secretary, city attorney, city auditor, municipal court judges, and members of city boards and commissions. The day-to-day operations of city government are overseen by the city manager, who is also appointed by the council.<ref>[http://fortworthtexas.gov/government/ "City Government," City of Fort Worth official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904050312/http://fortworthtexas.gov/government/ |date=September 4, 2013 }}, accessed September 18, 2013.</ref> The current mayor is Republican [[Mattie Parker]], making Fort Worth the second-largest city in the United States with a Republican mayor.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |title=American FactFinder – Results |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |access-date=March 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005405/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2015/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== City Council==== {| class="wikitable" |- !Office<ref name = "council">{{cite web |url=http://fortworthtexas.gov/government/ |title=City Government |website=City of Fort Worth, Texas |language=en |access-date=March 12, 2018 |archive-date=September 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904050312/http://fortworthtexas.gov/government/ |url-status=live }}</ref> !Name<ref name = "council"/> |- |Mayor |[[Mattie Parker]] |- |City Council, District 2 |Carlos Flores |- |City Council, District 3 |Michael Crain |- |City Council, District 4 |Cary Moon |- |City Council, District 5 |Gyna Bivens |- |City Council, District 6 |Jared Williams |- |City Council, District 7 |Leonard Firestone |- |City Council, District 8 |Chris Nettles |- |City Council, District 9 |Elizabeth Beck |} ==== City departments ==== *[[Fort Worth Police Department]] – provides crime prevention, investigation, and other emergency services *[[Fort Worth Fire Department]] – provides fire and emergency services *[[Fort Worth Library]] – public library system of the City of Fort Worth === State government === ==== State Board of Education members ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" |District !Name<ref name="Texas Redistricting">{{cite web |url=http://www.tlc.state.tx.us/redist/districts/senate.html |title=Texas Redistricting |website=www.tlc.state.tx.us |access-date=November 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019051022/http://www.tlc.state.tx.us/redist/districts/senate.html |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> !Party |- | style="background:red;"| |District 11 |Patricia Hardy |Republican |- | style="background:blue;"| |District 13 |Erika Beltran |Democratic |} ==== Texas State Representatives ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" |District !Name<ref name="Texas Redistricting" /> !Party !Residence |- | style="background:red;"| |District 61 |Phil King |Republican |Weatherford |- | style="background:red;"| |District 63 |Ben Bumgarner |Republican |Flower Mound |- | style="background:blue;"| |District 90 |Ramon Romero Jr. |Democratic |Fort Worth |- | style="background:red;"| |District 91 |Stephanie Klick |Republican |Fort Worth |- | style="background:blue;"| |District 92 |Salman Bhojani |Democratic |Bedford |- | style="background:red;"| |District 93 |Nate Schatzline |Republican |Fort Worth |- | style="background:blue;"| |District 95 |Nicole Collier |Democratic |Fort Worth |- | style="background:red;"| |District 96 |David Cook |Republican |Mansfield |- | style="background:red;"| |District 97 |Craig Goldman |Republican |Fort Worth |- | style="background:red;"| |District 98 |Giovanni Capriglione |Republican |Southlake |- | style="background:red;"| |District 99 |Charlie Geren |Republican |River Oaks |} ==== Texas State Senators ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" |District !Name<ref name="Texas Redistricting" /> !Party !Residence |- | style="background:red;"| |District 9 |Kelly Hancock |Republican |Fort Worth |- | style="background:red;"| |District 10 |Phil King |Republican |Weatherford |- | style="background:red;"| |District 12 |Tan Parker |Republican |Flower Mound |- | style="background:red;"| |District 30 |Drew Springer |Republican |Muenster |} ==== State facilities ==== The [[Texas Department of Transportation]] operates the Fort Worth District Office in Fort Worth.<ref>"[http://www.dot.state.tx.us/local_information/fort_worth_district/ Fort Worth District Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125200628/http://www.dot.state.tx.us/local_information/fort_worth_district/ |date=January 25, 2010 }}." <!--Please go to "View District Location-->[[Texas Department of Transportation]]. Retrieved on January 11, 2010.</ref> The [[North Texas Intermediate Sanction Facility]], a privately operated prison facility housing short-term parole violators, was in Fort Worth. It was operated on behalf of the [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]]. In 2011, the state of Texas decided not to renew its contract with the facility.<ref>Mitchell, Mitch. "[http://www.star-telegram.com/2011/09/03/3335901/texas-prison-boom-going-bust.html Texas prison boom going bust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111121537/http://www.star-telegram.com/2011/09/03/3335901/texas-prison-boom-going-bust.html |date=January 11, 2012 }}." ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]''. Saturday September 3, 2011. Retrieved on September 23, 2011.</ref> === Federal government === ==== United States House of Representatives ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2" |District !Name<ref name="Texas Redistricting" /> !Party !Residence |- | style="background:red;"| |[[Texas's 6th congressional district]] |[[Jake Ellzey]] |Republican |Waxahachie |- | style="background:red;"| |[[Texas's 12th congressional district]] |[[Kay Granger]] |Republican |Fort Worth |- | style="background:red;"| |[[Texas's 24th congressional district]] |[[Beth Van Duyne]] |Republican |Irving |- | style="background:red;"| |[[Texas's 26th congressional district]] |[[Michael C. Burgess|Michael Burgess]] |Republican |Lewisville |- | style="background:blue;"| |[[Texas's 33rd congressional district]] |[[Marc Veasey]] |Democratic |Fort Worth |} ==== Federal facilities ==== [[File:FMCCarswelllargeimage.jpg|thumb|Federal Medical Center, Carswell]] Fort Worth is home to one of the two locations of the [[Bureau of Engraving and Printing]]. In 1987, construction on this second facility began. In addition to meeting increased production requirements, a western location was seen to serve as a contingency operation in case of emergencies in the [[Washington Metropolitan Area|Washington, DC, metropolitan area]]; as well, costs for transporting currency to [[Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve]] banks in [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco|San Francisco]], [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas|Dallas]], and [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City|Kansas City]] would be reduced. Currency production began in December 1990 at the Fort Worth facility;<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing - Fort Worth, TX Tours |url=https://www.moneyfactory.gov/fortworthtxtours.html |website=www.moneyfactory.gov |access-date=May 5, 2020 |archive-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713084533/https://moneyfactory.gov/fortworthtxtours.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the official dedication took place April 26, 1991. Bills produced here have a small "FW" in one corner. The [[Eldon B. Mahon United States Courthouse]] building contains three oil-on-canvas panels on the fourth floor by artist [[Frank Mechau]] (commissioned under the [[Public Works Administration]]'s art program).<ref>Park, Marlene and Gerald E. Markowitz, Democratic vistas: Post Offices and Public Art in the New Deal, Temple University Press, Philadelphia 1984</ref> Mechau's paintings, ''The Taking of Sam Bass'', ''Two Texas Rangers'', and ''Flags Over Texas'' were installed in 1940, becoming the only New Deal art commission sponsored in Fort Worth. The courthouse, built in 1933, serves the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas]] and was listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2001.<ref name="npgallery.nps.gov"/> [[Federal Medical Center, Carswell]], a [[Federal Bureau of Prisons|federal]] prison and health facility for women, is located in the [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth]].<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.bop.gov/DataSource/execute/dsFacilityAddressLoc?start=y&facilityCode=crw |title=FMC Carswell Contact Information |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802003115/http://www.bop.gov/DataSource/execute/dsFacilityAddressLoc?start=y&facilityCode=crw |archive-date=2 Aug 2012 |website=[[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] |access-date=October 14, 2010}}</ref> Carswell houses the federal [[death row]] for female inmates.<ref>Marshall, John. "[http://www.semissourian.com/story/1323151.html Lisa Montgomery gets death penalty for killing pregnant woman]", ''[[Associated Press]]'' at the ''[[Southeast Missourian]]''. Friday April 4, 2008. Retrieved on October 3, 2010. "Department of Justice spokesman Don Ledford said Montgomery will likely be sent to the Federal Medical Center Carswell in Fort Worth, Texas, a women's correctional facility that has medical services for inmates." {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105102847/http://www.semissourian.com/story/1323151.html |date=November 5, 2013 }}.</ref> [[Federal Medical Center, Fort Worth|Federal Medical Center, Ft. Worth]], a [[Federal Bureau of Prisons|federal]] prison and health facility for men, is located across from TCC-South Campus. The [[Federal Aviation Administration]], [[National Archives and Records Administration]], and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] have offices in Fort Worth. == Education == === Public libraries === [[Fort Worth Public Library]] is the public library system. === Public schools === Most of Fort Worth is served by the [[Fort Worth Independent School District]]. Other school districts that serve portions of Fort Worth include:<ref>* {{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48439_tarrant/DC20SD_C48439.pdf |title=2020 census - school district reference map: Tarrant County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902053338/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48439_tarrant/DC20SD_C48439.pdf |url-status=live }} - Shows portions of Fort Worth in: FWISD, and Arlington, Azle, Birdville, Burleson, Castleberry, Crowley, Eagle Mountain-Saginaw, Everman, H-E-B, Keller, Kennedale, Lake Worth, Northwest, and White Settlement. * {{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48121_denton/DC20SD_C48121.pdf |title=2020 census - school district reference map: Denton County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214150/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48121_denton/DC20SD_C48121.pdf |url-status=live }} - Shows portions of Fort Worth in [[Northwest ISD]]. * {{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48251_johnson/DC20SD_C48251.pdf |title=2020 census - school district reference map: Johnson County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48251_johnson/DC20SD_C48251.pdf |url-status=live }} - Shows portions of Fort Worth in [[Burleson ISD]]. * {{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48367_parker/DC20SD_C48367.pdf |title=2020 census - school district reference map: Parker County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214106/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48367_parker/DC20SD_C48367.pdf |url-status=live }} - Shows portions of Fort Worth in [[Aledo ISD]]. * {{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48497_wise/DC20SD_C48497.pdf |title=2020 census - school district reference map: Wise County, TX |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2022-06-27 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214147/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48497_wise/DC20SD_C48497.pdf |url-status=live }} - Shows portions of Fort Worth in [[Northwest ISD]].</ref> {{div col}} * [[Aledo Independent School District]] *[[Arlington Independent School District]] (wastewater plant only{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<!--Needs source for the wastewater part-->) * [[Azle Independent School District]] * [[Birdville Independent School District]] * [[Burleson Independent School District]] * [[Castleberry Independent School District]] * [[Crowley Independent School District]] * [[Eagle Mountain-Saginaw Independent School District]] * [[Everman Independent School District]] * [[Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District]] * [[Keller Independent School District]] * [[Kennedale Independent School District]] * [[Lake Worth Independent School District]] * [[Northwest Independent School District]] * [[White Settlement Independent School District]] {{div col end}} The portion of Fort Worth within the [[Arlington Independent School District]] contains a [[sewage treatment|wastewater plant]]. No residential areas are in this portion.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} Pinnacle Academy of the Arts (K–12) is a [[charter school|state charter school]], as are Crosstimbers Academy and High Point Academy. === Private schools === Private schools in Fort Worth include both secular and parochial institutions. {{div col}} * All Saints' Episcopal School (Fort Worth, TX) (PreK–12) * [[Bethesda Christian School (Fort Worth, Texas)|Bethesda Christian School]] (K–12) * [[Covenant Classical School]] (K–12) * [[Fort Worth Christian School]] (K–12) * [[Fort Worth Country Day School]] (K–12) * [[Lake Country Christian School]] (K–12) * Montessori School of Fort Worth (Pre-K–8) * [[Nolan Catholic High School]] (9–12) * [[Trinity Valley School]] (K–12) * [[Temple Christian School (Fort Worth, Texas)|Temple Christian School]] (Pre-K–12) * [[Trinity Baptist Temple Academy]] (K–12) * [[Hill School of Fort Worth]] (2–12) * [[Southwest Christian School (Fort Worth, Texas)|Southwest Christian School]] (K–12) * St. Paul Lutheran School (K–8) * The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth]] oversees several Catholic elementary and middle schools.<ref>[http://www.fwdioc.org/school-finder?630_browse_field_id=291 The Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102164428/http://www.fwdioc.org/school-finder?630_browse_field_id=291 |date=January 2, 2015 }}. Retrieved January 2, 2015.</ref> {{div col end}} === Institutes of higher education === {{further|List of colleges and universities in Fort Worth, Texas}} {{div col}} * [[Texas Christian University]] * [[Texas Wesleyan University]] * [[University of Texas at Arlington]] – Downtown Fort Worth campus * [[University of North Texas Health Science Center]] * [[Texas Christian University School of Medicine|TCU School of Medicine]] * [[Texas A&M University School of Law]] * [[Tarleton State University]] – Fort Worth campus * [[Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary]] * [[Brite Divinity School]] * [[Tarrant County College]] Other institutions: * [[The Art Institute of Fort Worth]] * Brightwood College – Fort Worth Campus * [[The College of Saints John Fisher & Thomas More|Fisher More College]] * [[Remington College]] Fort Worth campus * The Culinary School of Fort Worth * Epic Helicopters Pilot Training Academy {{div col end}} == Media == {{see also|List of newspapers in Texas|List of radio stations in Texas|List of television stations in Texas}} [[File:KXASstudioofficeslocation.jpg|thumb|Location of studios and offices for KXAS (as well as KXTX), in Fort Worth, just south of DFW Airport]] Fort Worth and Dallas share the same [[media market]]. The city's magazine is ''Fort Worth, Texas Magazine'', which publishes information about Fort Worth events, social activity, fashion, dining, and culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fwtx.com/ |title=FWTX.com |access-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-date=March 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302125503/http://www.fwtx.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Fort Worth June 2016 20 (Star-Telegram Building).jpg|thumb|upright|Headquarters of the ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'']] Fort Worth has one major daily newspaper, ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]'', founded in 1906 as ''Fort Worth Star''. It dominates the western half of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, and ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'' dominates the east.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} In 2023, the publication's print circulation was 43,342.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Texas Newspaper Directory |url=https://publisher.etype.services/The-Texas-Newspaper-Directory/e-paper-regular-edition/EEA520B114811333 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503044946/https://publisher.etype.services/The-Texas-Newspaper-Directory/e-paper-regular-edition/EEA520B114811333 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Texas Press Association}}</ref> [[File:FirstWBAP-KXASstudiosandoffices.jpg|thumb|KXAS studios and offices (as well as those of co-owned KXTX-TV, and for a time those of radio stations WBAP (AM) and KSCS-FM) were located in this building east of downtown Fort Worth on Barnett Street.]] The ''[[Fort Worth Weekly]]'' is an alternative weekly newspaper for the Fort Worth metropolitan division. The newspaper had an approximate circulation of 47,000 in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=A New Day For the Dallas Weekly |url=http://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2015/september/new-day-for-dallas-weekly-african-american-newspaper/ |access-date=January 16, 2017 |website=D Magazine |date=August 24, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012312/https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2015/september/new-day-for-dallas-weekly-african-american-newspaper/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Fort Worth Weekly'' published and features, among many things, news reporting, cultural event guides, movie reviews, and editorials. Additionally, ''Fort Worth Business Press'' is a weekly publication that chronicles news in the Fort Worth business community. The ''[[Fort Worth Report]]'' is a daily nonprofit news organization covering local government, business, education and arts in Tarrant County.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort Worth Report {{!}} Non-Partisan, Nonprofit News|url=http://fortworthreport.org/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Fort Worth Report|language=en-US|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123011346/https://fortworthreport.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> The nonprofit organization, founded by local business leaders and former ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'' publisher Wes Turner,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nishimura |first=Scott |date=2021-02-05 |title=Seeding a Nonprofit Newspaper in Fort Worth |url=https://fortworthinc.com/api/content/29c5c07e-67e6-11eb-859e-1244d5f7c7c6/ |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Fort Worth Inc. |language=en-us |archive-date=July 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710110805/https://fortworthinc.com/news/seeding-a-nonprofit-newspaper-in-fort-worth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> announced its intentions in February 2021 and officially launched the newsroom in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Launching a news nonprofit in Fort Worth, Chris Cobler doesn't want to "repeat the mistakes of the past" |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/02/launching-a-news-nonprofit-in-fort-worth-chris-cobler-doesnt-want-to-repeat-the-mistakes-of-the-past/ |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Nieman Lab |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123011341/https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/02/launching-a-news-nonprofit-in-fort-worth-chris-cobler-doesnt-want-to-repeat-the-mistakes-of-the-past/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fort Worth Report Set to Launch This Spring |url=https://www.editorandpublisher.com/stories/fort-worth-report-set-to-launch-this-spring,190854 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Editor and Publisher |date=April 19, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123011341/https://www.editorandpublisher.com/stories/fort-worth-report-set-to-launch-this-spring,190854 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Fort Worth Press'' was a daily newspaper, published weekday afternoons and on Sundays from 1921 until 1975. It was owned by the [[E. W. Scripps Company]] and published under the then-prominent Scripps-Howard Lighthouse logo. The paper reportedly last made money in the early 1950s. Scripps Howard stayed with the paper until mid-1975. Circulation had dwindled to fewer than 30,000 daily, just more than 10% of that of the ''Fort Worth Star Telegram''. The name ''Fort Worth Press'' was resurrected briefly in a new ''Fort Worth Press'' paper operated by then-former publisher Bill McAda and briefer still by William Dean Singleton, then-owner of the weekly ''Azle (Texas) News'', now owner of the Media Central news group. The ''Fort Worth Press'' operated from offices and presses at 500 Jones Street in Downtown Fort Worth.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAYBORN, WARD CARLTON |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fma88 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |publisher=The Handbook of Texas Online |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112101807/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fma88 |url-status=live }}</ref> Television stations shared with Dallas include ([[owned-and-operated station]]s of their affiliated networks are highlighted in '''bold''') [[KDFW|'''KDFW 4''']] ([[Fox News|Fox]]), '''[[KXAS-TV|KXAS 5]]''' ([[NBC]]), [[WFAA]] 8 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), '''[[KTVT|KTVT 11]]''' ([[CBS]]), '''[[KERA-TV|KERA 13]]''' ([[PBS]]), [[KTXA|KTXA 21]] (Independent), '''[[KDFI|KDFI 27]]''' ([[MyNetworkTV|MNTV]]), '''[[KDAF|KDAF 33]]''' ([[The CW|CW]]), and [[K07AAD-D]] (HC2 Holdings). === Radio stations === Over 33 radio stations operate in and around Fort Worth, with many different formats. ==== AM ==== On the AM dial, like in all other markets, political talk radio is prevalent, with [[WBAP (AM)|WBAP]] 820, [[KLIF (AM)|KLIF]] 570, [[KSKY]] 660, [[KFJZ]] 870, [[KRLD (AM)|KRLD]] 1080 the [[American conservatism|conservative]] talk stations serving Fort Worth and [[KMNY]] 1360 the sole [[American progressivism|progressive]] talk station serving the city. [[KFXR (AM)|KFXR]] 1190 is a [[news/talk]]/[[classic country]] station. [[Sports talk]] can be found on [[KTCK (AM)|KTCK]] 1310 ("The Ticket"). WBAP, a 50,000-watt clear-channel station which can be heard over much of the country at night, was a long-successful [[country music]] station before converting to its current talk format. Several religious stations are also on AM in the Dallas/Fort Worth area; [[KHVN]] 970 and [[KGGR]] 1040 are the local [[urban gospel]] stations, [[KEXB (AM)|KEXB]] 1440 carries Catholic talk programming from [[Relevant Radio]], and [[KKGM]] 1630 has a [[Southern gospel]] format. Fort Worth's Spanish-speaking population is served by many stations on AM: {{div col}} * [[KAMM (AM)|KAMM]] 1540 * [[KDFT]] 540 * [[KHFX (AM)|KHFX]] 1140 * [[KFLC]] 1270 * [[KTNO (AM)|KTNO]] 620 * [[KNGO]] 1480 {{div col end}} A few mixed [[Asian languages|Asian language]] stations serve Fort Worth: {{div col}} * [[KHSE]] 700 * [[KKDA (AM)|KKDA]] 730 * [[KTXV]] 890 * [[KVTT]] 1110 * [[KZEE]] 1220 * [[KCLE]] 1460 * [[KRVA (AM)|KRVA]] 1600 {{div col end}} ==== FM ==== [[KLNO]] is a commercial radio station licensed to Fort Worth. Long-time Fort Worth resident [[Marcos A. Rodriguez]] operated Dallas-Fort Worth radio stations KLTY and KESS on [[KLNO|94.1 FM]]. A wide variety of commercial formats, mostly music, are on the FM dial in Fort Worth. Noncommercial stations serve the city fairly well. Three college stations can be heard - [[KTCU-FM|KTCU]] 88.7, [[KCBI]] 90.9, and [[KNTU]] 88.1, with a variety of programming. Also, the local [[National Public Radio|NPR]] station is [[KERA (FM)|KERA]] 90.1, along with [[community radio]] station [[KNON]] 89.3. Downtown Fort Worth also hosts the Texas Country radio station [[KFWR]] 95.9 The Ranch. ==== Internet radio stations and shows ==== When local radio station KOAI 107.5 FM, now [[KMVK]], dropped its [[smooth jazz]] format, fans set up smoothjazz1075.com, an internet radio station, to broadcast smooth jazz for disgruntled fans. == Transportation == [[File:Fort Worth Intermodal Transportation Center June 2016 7.jpg|thumb|The Trinity Railway Express]] Like most cities that grew quickly after World War II, Fort Worth's main mode of transportation is the automobile, but bus transportation via [[Trinity Metro]] is available, as well as an interurban train service to Dallas via the [[Trinity Railway Express]]. As of January 10, 2019, train service from Downtown Fort Worth to [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]]'s Terminal B is available via Trinity Metro's [[TEXRail]] service. === History === ==== Electric streetcars ==== [[File:Map Showing Lines of the Northern Texas Electric Company (Fort Worth) c 1907.png|thumb|"Map showing lines of the Northern Texas Electric Company (Fort Worth)", {{Circa|1907}}]] [[File:Interurban Line between Fort Worth and Dallas, Texas.jpg|thumb|Interurban line between Fort Worth and Dallas, Texas (postcard, ''circa'' 1902–1924)]] The first streetcar company in Fort Worth was the Fort Worth Street Railway Company. Its first line began operating in December 1876, and traveled from the courthouse down Main Street to the T&P Depot.<ref>{{cite book |last=Knight |first=Oliver |title=Fort Worth: Outpost on the Trinity |publisher=Texas Christian University Press |location=Fort Worth |isbn=0-87565-077-5 |page=85 |year=1990}}</ref> By 1890, more than 20 private companies were operating streetcar lines in Fort Worth. The Fort Worth Street Railway Company bought out many of its competitors, and was eventually itself bought out by the Bishop & Sherwin Syndicate in 1901.<ref>{{cite book |last=Knight |first=Oliver |title=Fort Worth: Outpost on the Trinity |publisher=Texas Christian University Press |location=Fort Worth |isbn=0-87565-077-5 |page=133 |year=1990}}</ref> The new ownership changed the company's name to the [[Northern Texas Traction Company]], which operated 84 miles of streetcar railways in 1925, and their lines connected downtown Fort Worth to TCU, the [[Near Southside, Fort Worth|Near Southside]], Arlington Heights, Lake Como, and the [[Fort Worth Stockyards|Stockyards]]. ==== Electric interurban railways ==== At its peak, the electric interurban industry in Texas consisted of almost 500 miles of track, making Texas the second in interurban mileage in all states west of the Mississippi River. Electric interurban railways were prominent in the early 1900s, peaking in the 1910s and fading until all electric interurban railways were abandoned by 1948. Close to three-fourths of the mileage was in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, running between Fort Worth and Dallas and to other area cities including Cleburne, Denison, Corsicana, and Waco. The line depicted in the associated image was the second to be constructed in Texas and ran 35 miles between Fort Worth and Dallas. [[Northern Texas Traction Company]] built the railway, which was operational from 1902 to 1934.<ref>Robert A. Rieder, "Electric Interurban Railways," Handbook of Texas Online [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqe12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719084222/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqe12|date=July 19, 2018}}, accessed March 23, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.</ref> === Current transport === In 2009, 80.6% of Fort Worth (city) commuters drive to work alone. The 2009 [[modal share|mode share]] for Fort Worth (city) commuters are 11.7% for carpooling, 1.5% for transit, 1.2% for walking, and .1% for cycling.<ref>{{cite web |author=Yonah Freemark |url=https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/10/13/transit-mode-share-trends-looking-steady-rail-appears-to-encourage-non-automobile-commutes/ |access-date=October 31, 2017 |date=October 13, 2010 |title=Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes |website=Transport Politic |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116171634/https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/10/13/transit-mode-share-trends-looking-steady-rail-appears-to-encourage-non-automobile-commutes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Fort Worth (city) commuters of 82% for driving alone, 12% for carpooling, .8% for riding transit, 1.8% for walking, and .3% for cycling.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_S0801&prodType=table |series=American Fact Finder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=October 31, 2017 |title=2015 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates: Commuting Characteristics by Sex |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214060623/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_S0801&prodType=table |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city of Fort Worth has a lower than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 6.1 percent of Fort Worth households lacked a car, and decreased to 4.8 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Fort Worth averaged 1.83 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |journal=Governing |date=December 9, 2014 |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Roads ==== {{See also|List of Dallas–Fort Worth-area freeways}} Fort Worth is served by four [[interstates]] and three [[U.S. highways]]. It also contains a number of arterial streets in a grid formation. Interstate highways [[Interstate 30 in Texas|30]], [[Interstate 20 in Texas|20]], [[Interstate 35W (Texas)|35W]], and [[Interstate 820|820]] all pass through the city limits. Interstate 820 is a [[Loop route|loop]] of Interstate 20 and serves as a [[beltway]] for the city. Interstate 30 and Interstate 20 connect Fort Worth to Arlington, [[Grand Prairie, Texas|Grand Prairie]], and Dallas. Interstate 35W connects Fort Worth with [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]] to the south and the cities of [[Denton, Texas|Denton]] and [[Gainesville, Texas|Gainesville]] to the north. [[File:FTWORTHTX3224.JPG|thumb|right|[[Interstate 20|I-20]] in southern Fort Worth]] [[U.S. Route 287]] runs southeast through the city connecting [[Wichita Falls, Texas|Wichita Falls]] to the north and [[Mansfield, Texas|Mansfield]] to the south. [[U.S. Route 377]] runs south through the northern suburbs of [[Haltom City, Texas|Haltom City]] and [[Keller, Texas|Keller]] through the [[central business district]]. [[U.S. Route 81]] shares a concurrency with highway 287 on the portion northwest of I-35W. Notable state highways: *[[Texas State Highway 114]] (east-west) *[[Texas State Highway 183]] (east-west) *[[Texas State Highway 121]] (north-south) ==== Public transportation ==== [[File:Fort Worth June 2016 07 (Fort Worth Transportation Authority).jpg|thumb|"The T" bus in Ft. Worth, 2016]] [[File:Fort Worth Metro Area Rail Transit Services Map.png|thumbnail|Map of public rail transit in the Fort Worth metro area|220x220px|alt=]] [[Trinity Metro]], formerly known as the Fort Worth Transportation Authority, serves Fort Worth with dozens of different bus routes throughout the city, including a downtown bus circulator known as Molly the Trolley. In addition to Fort Worth, Trinity Metro operates buses in the suburbs of [[Blue Mound, Texas|Blue Mound]], [[Forest Hill, Texas|Forest Hill]], [[River Oaks, Texas|River Oaks]] and [[Sansom Park, Texas|Sansom Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-t.com/ |title=Home – FWTA |website=FWTA |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701040907/http://www.the-t.com/ |archive-date=July 1, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Fort Worth won a $25 million Federal Urban Circulator grant to build a streetcar system.<ref>{{cite web |last=Freemark |first=Yonah |title=Fort Worth Wins Grant for Streetcar, But Whether It's Ready Is Another Question |date=July 13, 2010 |url=http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/07/13/fort-worth-wins-grant-for-streetcar-but-whether-its-ready-is-another-question/ |access-date=April 30, 2012 |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605002844/http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/07/13/fort-worth-wins-grant-for-streetcar-but-whether-its-ready-is-another-question/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2010, though, the city council forfeited the grant by voting to end the streetcar study.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolinsky |first=Robert |title=Fort Worth Council Votes Against Streetcar Project, Gives Up $25 Million in Federal Grant |url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2010/12/fort_worth_council_votes_again.php |access-date=April 30, 2012 |date=December 8, 2010 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511143355/http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2010/12/fort_worth_council_votes_again.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> In July 2019, Trinity Metro partnered with [[Via Transportation]] to launch an on-demand [[microtransit]] service called ZIPZONE. ZIPZONE offers shared rides across the Alliance, Mercantile, Southside, and South Tarrant neighborhoods and was designed as a first-and-last mile connection for TEXRail and bus commuters.<ref>{{Cite web |author=FWBP Staff |date=2020-07-13 |title=Near Southside ZIPZONE starts July 19 |url=https://fortworthbusiness.com/transportation/near-southside-zipzone-starts-july-19__trashed/ |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Fort Worth Business Press |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZIPZONE |url=https://ridetrinitymetro.org/rider-services/zipzone/ |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Trinity Metro |language=en-US |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192213/https://ridetrinitymetro.org/rider-services/zipzone/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Via and Trinity Metro launch ZIPZONE, connecting Fort Worth residents to public transit |url=https://ridewithvia.com/news/via-and-trinity-metro-launch-zipzone-connecting-fort-worth-residents-to-public-transit/ |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Via Transportation |language=en-US |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119193718/https://ridewithvia.com/news/via-and-trinity-metro-launch-zipzone-connecting-fort-worth-residents-to-public-transit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Trips are booked from a smartphone app and charge a flat $3 for service as of April 2021. ZIPZONE rides are also included with multi-ride Trinity Metro local tickets.<ref>{{Cite web |author=FWBP Staff |date=2021-03-15 |title=ZIPZONE expands to serve TCU, Zoo, West 7th corridor |url=https://fortworthbusiness.com/featured/trinity-metro-is-expanding-the-southside-zipzone-to-reach-the-tcu-campus-the-fort-worth-zoo__trashed/ |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Fort Worth Business Press |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Rail transportation ==== *[[TEXRail]] is a [[commuter rail]] line opened in January 2019 that connects downtown Fort Worth with [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]], with stops in the cities of [[Grapevine, Texas|Grapevine]] and [[North Richland Hills, Texas|North Richland Hills]]. *[[Trinity Railway Express]] is a commuter rail line that operates between [[T&P Station]] in downtown Fort Worth and terminates at [[Dallas Union Station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trinityrailwayexpress.org/stations.html |title=Stations |work=trinityrailwayexpress.org |access-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235000/http://www.trinityrailwayexpress.org/stations.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Two [[Amtrak]] routes stop at Fort Worth Central: ''[[Heartland Flyer]]'' and ''[[Texas Eagle]]''. ==== Airports ==== [[Dallas Fort Worth International Airport]] is a major commercial airport located between the major cities of Fort Worth and Dallas. DFW Airport is the world's third-busiest airport based on operations and tenth-busiest airport based on passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfwairport.com/visitor/P1_009559.php |title=dfwairport.com - DFW Fast Facts |work=dfwairport.com |access-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712183001/https://www.dfwairport.com/visitor/P1_009559.php |archive-date=July 12, 2015}}</ref> Prior to the construction of the DFW Airport, the city was served by [[Greater Southwest International Airport]], which was located just to the south of the new airport. Originally named Amon Carter Field after the publisher of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Greater Southwest opened in 1953 and operated as the primary airport for Fort Worth until 1974. It was then abandoned until the terminal was torn down in 1980. The site of the former airport is now a mixed-use development straddled by [[Texas State Highway 183]] and [[Texas State Highway 360|360]]. One small section of runway remains north of Highway 183, and serves as the only reminder that a major commercial airport once occupied the site. Fort Worth is home to these four airports within city limits: * [[Fort Worth Alliance Airport]] * [[Fort Worth Meacham International Airport]] * [[Fort Worth Spinks Airport]] * [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth]] ==== Walkability ==== A 2011 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Fort Worth 47th-most walkable of 50 largest U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2011 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804175531/http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Notable people == {{Main|List of people from Fort Worth, Texas}} ==Sister cities== Fort Worth is a part of the [[Sister Cities International]] program and maintains cultural and economic exchange programs with its [[sister cities]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |url=https://www.fwsistercities.org/our-sister-cities/ |publisher=Fort Worth Sister Cities International |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029220542/https://www.fwsistercities.org/our-sister-cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *{{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Reggio Emilia]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], Italy (1985) *{{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Nagaoka, Niigata|Nagaoka]], [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]], Japan (1987) *{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Trier]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Germany (1987) *{{flagdeco|IDN}} [[Bandung]], [[West Java]], Indonesia (1990) *{{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Budapest]], Hungary (1990) *{{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Toluca]], [[Estado de Mexico]], Mexico (1998) *{{flagdeco|SWZ}} [[Mbabane]], Eswatini (2004) *{{flagdeco|CHN}} [[Guiyang]], [[Guizhou]], China (2010) *{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Nîmes]], [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]], France (2019) {{div col end}} == See also == * [[Fort Worth United Soccer Club]] * [[Forts of Texas]] * [[List of museums in North Texas]] * [[List of people from Fort Worth, Texas]] {{portal bar|Texas}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Further reading == * Cervantez, Brian. "'For the Exclusive Benefit of Fort Worth': Amon G. Carter, the Great Depression, and the New Deal." ''Southwestern Historical Quarterly'' 119.2 (2015): 120-146. * Delia Ann Hendricks, ''The History of Cattle and Oil in Tarrant County'' (M.A. thesis, Texas Christian University, 1969). * Oliver Knight, ''Fort Worth, Outpost on the Trinity'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953). * Richard G. Miller, "Fort Worth and the Progressive Era: The Movement for Charter Revision, 1899–1907", in ''Essays on Urban America'', ed. Margaret Francine Morris and Elliot West (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1975). * Ruth Gregory Newman, ''The Industrialization of Fort Worth'' (M.A. thesis, North Texas State University, 1950). * Buckley B. Paddock, History of Texas: Fort Worth and the Texas Northwest Edition (4 vols., Chicago: Lewis, 1922). * J'Nell Pate, ''Livestock Legacy: The Fort Worth Stockyards, 1887–1987'' (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988). * Warren H. Plasters, ''A History of Amusements in Fort Worth from the Beginning to 1879'' (M.A. thesis, Texas Christian University, 1947). * Robert H. Talbert, ''Cowtown-Metropolis: Case Study of a City's Growth and Structure'' (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University, 1956). *Joseph C. Terrell, ''Reminiscences of the Early Days of Fort Worth'' (Fort Worth, 1906). *{{Cite book |first=James |last=Farber |title=Fort Worth in the Civil War |location=Belton, Texas |publisher=Peter Hansborough Bell Press |year=1960}} *{{Cite book |first=Julia Kathryn |last=Garrett |title=Fort Worth: A Frontier Triumph |location=Austin |publisher=Encino |year=1972}} *{{Cite book |first=Oliver |last=Knight |title=Fort Worth, Outpost on the Trinity |location=Norman |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1953}} *{{Cite book |first=Richard G. |last=Miller |chapter=Fort Worth and the Progressive Era: The Movement for Charter Revision, 1899–1907 |title=Essays on Urban America |editor-first=Margaret Francine |editor-last=Morris |editor2-first=Elliot |editor2-last=West |location=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1975}} *{{Cite book |first=J'Nell |last=Pate |title=Livestock Legacy: The Fort Worth Stockyards, 1887–1987 |location=College Station |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=1988}} *{{Cite book |last=Pinkney |first=Kathryn Currie |title=From stockyards to defense plants, the transformation of a city: Fort Worth, Texas, and World War II |others=Ph.D. thesis, University of North Texas |year=2003}} *{{Cite book |first=Leonard |last=Sanders |title=How Fort Worth Became the Texasmost City |location=Fort Worth |publisher=Amon Carter Museum |year=1973}} *{{Cite book |first=Robert H. |last=Talbert |title=Cowtown-Metropolis: Case Study of a City's Growth and Structure |location=Fort Worth |publisher=Texas Christian University |year=1956}} *{{cite web |last=Tarrant County Coalition for Peace and Justice |date=2021 |url=https://tccpj.org/mr-fred-rouse/ |title=Remembering Mr. Fred Rouse |publisher=Tarrant County Coalition for Peace and Justice |accessdate=December 12, 2021}} == External links == {{Sister project links|Fort Worth, Texas|voy=Fort Worth}} === Official sites and resources === * [http://www.fortworthtexas.gov/ City of Fort Worth official website] * [http://www.fortworth.com/ Fort Worth Convention and Visitors Bureau] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040326014815/http://downtownfortworth.com/ Downtown Fort Worth official website] * [http://www.DFWTownGuide.com/ Fort Worth Business Directory] *{{Handbook of Texas|id=hdf01|name=Fort Worth, Texas}} === Digital collections === * [http://www.fortwortharchitecture.com/oldftw/oldftw.htm Fort Worth... The Way We Were] * [http://www.fortworthtexasarchives.org Fort Worth Library Digital Archives] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130703141246/http://www.uta.edu/library/digital/wdsmith/ W.D. Smith Commercial Photography] * [http://library.uta.edu/exhibits/spco/reeder/ The Reeder Children's Theatre Presents... Memories of Fort Worth's Reeder School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131013305/http://library.uta.edu/exhibits/spco/reeder/ |date=January 31, 2013 }} * [http://library.uta.edu/spco/timeframes/archive.html Time Frames Online. University of Texas Arlington Library Special Collections] === Geography === * {{osmrelation|115274}} {{Navboxes | title = Articles relating to Fort Worth and [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]] | list = {{Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex}} {{Tarrant County, Texas}} {{Denton County, Texas}} {{Parker County, Texas}} {{Wise County, Texas}} {{Fort Worth}} {{Texas}} {{Texas county seats}} {{All-American City Award Hall of Fame}} {{Fort Worth ISD Revised}} }} {{USPopulousCities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Fort Worth, Texas| ]] [[Category:Cities in Texas]] [[Category:Cities in Parker County, Texas]] [[Category:Cities in Wise County, Texas]] [[Category:Cities in Denton County, Texas]] [[Category:Cities in Tarrant County, Texas]] [[Category:County seats in Texas]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1849]] [[Category:1849 establishments in Texas]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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