Flint, Michigan Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Flint | settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in Michigan|City]] | native_name = | nicknames = {{ubl|Vehicle City (official)|Flint Town (unofficial)}} | motto = "Strong and Proud"<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cityofflint.com/default_vs.asp|title=City of Flint, Michigan|publisher=City of Flint, Michigan|access-date=August 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901024644/http://www.cityofflint.com/default_vs.asp|archive-date=September 1, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} </ref> | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Flint, Michigan (2022).jpg | caption1 = Downtown Flint | image2 = Applewood Estate-12008.jpg | caption2 = [[Applewood (Flint, Michigan)|Applewood]] | image3 = Sloan Museum of Discovery open-edit.jpg | caption3 = [[Sloan Museum]] | image4 = Capitol Theatre, Flint MI.jpg | caption4 = [[Capitol Theatre Building (Flint, Michigan)|Capitol Theater]] | image5 = Flint_July_2018_12_(Robert_T._Longway_Planetarium).jpg | caption5 = [[Flint Cultural Center|Longway Planetarium]] }} | imagesize = 275 | image_flag = Flag of Flint, Michigan.svg | flag_size = | image_seal = Seal of Flint, Michigan.svg | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=250|frame-height=250|frame-align=center|stroke-width=2|zoom=10|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|fill=#808080|title=Flint|id=Q490584|fill-opacity=0.4|frame-coordinates={{Coord|43.018889|-83.693333}}}} | map_caption = Interactive map of Flint | pushpin_map = Michigan#USA | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label = Flint | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Flag|United States}} | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Michigan}} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Genesee County, Michigan|Genesee]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]] | governing_body = Flint City Council | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Flint, Michigan|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Sheldon Neeley]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]]) | leader_title1 = City Council<ref>{{cite web|last=City of Flint|url=https://www.cityofflint.com/city-council/councilmembers/|title=City of Flint City Council Members|date=2016|access-date=August 9, 2019|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824022319/https://www.cityofflint.com/city-council/councilmembers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | leader_name1 = {{collapsible list |bullets=yes | title = Council Members | 1 = Leon El-Alamin (NP), 1st Ward | 2 = Ladel Lewis (D), 2nd Ward | 3 = Quincy Murphy (D), 3rd Ward | 4 = Judy Priestley (R), 4th Ward | 5 = Jerri Winfrey-Carter (D), 5th Ward | 6 = Tonya Burns (D), 6th Ward | 7 = Candice Mushatt (D), 7th Ward | 8 = Dennis Pfeiffer (NP), 8th Ward | 9 = Eva Worthing (D), 9th Ward }} | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1819 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = 1855 | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 21, 2022}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 88.33 | area_water_km2 = 1.72 | area_total_sq_mi = 34.10 | area_land_km2 = 86.61 | area_land_sq_mi = 33.44 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.67 | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = <!-- Population --> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_est = 80628 | pop_est_as_of = 2021 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2021"/> | population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/> | population_total = 81252 | population_density_km2 = 938.13 | population_density_sq_mi = 2429.78 | population_rank = US: 438th<br />MI: [[List of municipalities in Michigan|12th]] | population_note = | population_metro = 404208 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|135th]]) | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = 298,964 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|134th]])<ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications|title=2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications|author=United States Census Bureau|website=Federal Register|date=December 29, 2022}}</ref> | population_density_urban_km2 = 561.8 | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 1,455.1 | population_demonym = Flintstone<ref>{{cite press release |last=Moore |first=Kristin |date=December 1, 2015 |title=Mayor Karen Weaver Unveils 100 Day Plan |quote='With our legendary Flintstone spirit we will prevail.' |url=https://www.cityofflint.com/2015/12/01/mayor-karen-weaver-unveils-her-100-day-plan/ |publisher=City of Flint, Michigan |access-date=May 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413125246/https://www.cityofflint.com/2015/12/01/mayor-karen-weaver-unveils-her-100-day-plan/ |archive-date=April 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | coordinates = {{coord|43|01|08|N|83|41|36|W|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 229 | elevation_ft = 751 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]] | postal_code = 48501–48507, 48531, 48532, 48550–48557, 48559 | area_code = [[Area code 810|810]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 26-29000 | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 0626170<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> | website = {{URL|www.cityofflint.com|cityofflint.com}} | footnotes = }} '''Flint''' is the largest [[Administrative divisions of Michigan#City|city]] and [[county seat|seat]] of [[Genesee County, Michigan]], United States. Located along the [[Flint River (Michigan)|Flint River]], {{convert|66|mi|km}} northwest of [[Detroit]], it is a principal city within the region known as [[Central Michigan|Mid Michigan]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gc4me.com/ |title=Genesee County, MI official website |publisher=Gc4me.com |date=February 28, 2012 |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> At the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], Flint had a population of 81,252,<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2629000 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref> making it the [[List of municipalities in Michigan|twelfth largest city in Michigan]]. The Flint metropolitan area is located entirely within Genesee County. It is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan with a population of 406,892 in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/cgi/0,4548,7-158-54534_51707---,00.html |title=2010 Census and Michigan Demographic Data |publisher=Michigan.gov |date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> The city was [[Incorporated town|incorporated]] in 1855. Flint was founded as a [[Administrative divisions of Michigan#Villages|village]] by fur trader [[Jacob Smith (fur trader)|Jacob Smith]] in 1819 and became a major lumbering area on the historic [[Saginaw Trail]] during the 19th century. From the late 19th century to the mid 20th century, the city was a leading manufacturer of carriages and later [[Car|automobiles]], earning it the nickname "Vehicle City". [[General Motors]] (GM) was founded in Flint in 1908, and the city grew into an [[Flint, Michigan auto industry|automobile manufacturing powerhouse]] for GM's [[Buick]] and [[Chevrolet]] divisions, especially [[Economic history of the United States#Post-World War II prosperity: 1945–1973|after]] [[World War II]] up until the [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|early 1980s recession]]. Flint was also the home of a [[Flint sit-down strike|sit-down strike]] in 1936–37 that played a vital role in the formation of the [[United Auto Workers]]. Since the late 1960s, Flint has faced several crises. The city experienced an economic downturn after GM significantly downsized its workforce in the area from a high of 80,000 in 1978 to under 8,000 by 2010. From 1960 to 2010, the population of the city nearly halved, from 196,940 to 102,434. In the mid-2000s, Flint became known for its comparatively [[Crime in Flint, Michigan|high crime rates]] and has repeatedly been ranked among the most dangerous cities in the United States according to crime statistics.<ref>[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/america-tonight-blog/2013/10/24/growing-up-in-americasmostdangerouscityflint.html Growing up in America's most dangerous city, Flint] ''Al Jazeera'', October 24, 2013</ref> The city was under a [[Financial emergency in Michigan|state of financial emergency]] from 2002 to 2004 and again from 2011 to 2015.<ref name=budget2013/><ref name="emergencyover">{{cite news|title=Flint's finances in better shape; no more emergency managers|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/apr/29/flint-in-line-to-get-loan-from-state-to-erase-defi/|access-date=1 May 2015|agency=Associated Press|date=29 April 2015}}</ref> From 2014 to 2019, Flint [[Flint water crisis|faced a public health emergency]] due to [[lead poisoning|lead contamination]] in parts of the local water supply as well as an outbreak of [[Legionnaires' disease]].<ref name="snyderwater">[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2016/01/governor_declares_state_of_eme.html Governor declares state of emergency over lead in Flint water] ''The Flint Journal'', January 5, 2016</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Khalil|last=Al Hajal|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/01/legionaires_disease_spike_disc.html|title=87 cases, 10 fatal, of ''Legionella'' bacteria found in Flint area; connection to water crisis unclear|newspaper=The Flint Journal|agency=Michigan Live|date=January 13, 2016|access-date=January 30, 2016}}</ref> The acute lead crisis has been addressed as the city has secured a new source of clean water, installed modern copper pipes to nearly every home, and distributed filters to all residents who want them. However, a legacy of distrust in public authorities remains.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Derek|title=Flint Has Clean Water Now. Why Won't People Drink It?|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/12/23/flint-water-crisis-2020-post-coronavirus-america-445459|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> ==History== The region was home to several [[Ojibwe]] tribes at the start of the 19th century, with a particularly significant community established near present-day [[Montrose, Michigan|Montrose]]. The Flint River had several convenient fords which became points of contention among rival tribes, as attested by the presence of nearby arrowheads and burial mounds. Some of the city currently resides atop ancient Ojibwe burial grounds.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2009/12/ancestral_remains_recovered_fr.html|title=Ancestral remains recovered from American Indian burial ground in Flint|work=MLive.com|access-date=July 12, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ===19th century: lumber and the beginnings of the automobile industry=== In 1819, [[Jacob Smith (Michigan fur trader)|Jacob Smith]], a fur trader on cordial terms with both the local Ojibwe and the territorial government, founded a trading post at the Grand Traverse of the Flint River. On several occasions, Smith negotiated land exchanges with the Ojibwe on behalf of the U.S. government, and he was highly regarded on both sides. Smith apportioned many of his holdings to his children. As the ideal stopover on the overland route between Detroit and [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]], Flint grew into a small but prosperous village and incorporated in 1855. The 1860 U.S. census indicated that Genesee County had a population of 22,498 of Michigan's 750,000. In the latter half of the 19th century, Flint became a center of the Michigan lumber industry. Revenue from lumber funded the establishment of a local carriage-making industry. As horse-drawn carriages gave way to the automobiles, Flint then naturally grew into a major player in the nascent auto industry. Buick Motor Company, after a rudimentary start in Detroit, soon moved to Flint. [[ACDelco|AC Spark Plug]] originated in Flint. These were followed by several now-defunct automobile marques such as the [[Dort Motor Car Company|Dort]], [[Little (automobile)|Little]], [[Flint (automobile)|Flint]], and [[Mason Truck|Mason]] brands. Chevrolet's first (and for many years, main) manufacturing facility was also in Flint, although the Chevrolet headquarters were in Detroit. For a brief period, all Chevrolets and Buicks were built in Flint. The first Ladies' Library Association in Michigan was started in Flint in 1851 in the home of Maria Smith Stockton, daughter of the founder of the community. This library, initially private, is considered the precursor of the current Flint Public Library.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flint Public Library |url=https://www.geneseehistory.org/flint-public-library.html |access-date=April 30, 2022 |website=GENESEE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY |language=en}}</ref> ===Early and mid-20th century: the auto industry takes shape=== {{Main|Flint, Michigan auto industry|History of General Motors}} [[File:When the Whistle Blows at the Buick.jpg|thumb|[[Buick]] factory complex in Flint, 1912]] In 1904, local entrepreneur [[William C. Durant]] was brought in to manage Buick, which became the largest manufacturer of automobiles by 1908. In 1908, Durant founded General Motors (GM), filing incorporation papers in New Jersey, with headquarters in Flint. GM moved its headquarters to Detroit in the mid-1920s.<ref>[http://www.gm.com/company/corp_info/history/gmhis1900.html General Motors | Corporate Information – History | GM<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610221410/http://www.gm.com/company/corp_info/history/gmhis1900.html |date=June 10, 2011 }}</ref> Durant lost control of GM twice during his lifetime. On the first occasion, he befriended [[Louis Chevrolet]] and founded Chevrolet, which was a runaway success. He used the capital from this success to buy back share control. He later lost decisive control again, permanently. Durant experienced financial ruin in the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|stock market crash of 1929]] and subsequently ran a bowling alley in Flint until the time of his death in 1947. The city's mayors were targeted for recall twice, Mayor [[David R. Cuthbertson]] in 1924 and Mayor [[William H. McKeighan]] in 1927. Recall supporters in both cases were jailed by the police. Cuthbertson had angered the [[Ku Klux Klan]] (KKK) by the appointment of a Catholic police chief. The KKK led the recall effort and supported [[Judson L. Transue|Judson Transue]], Cuthbertson's elected successor. Transue however did not remove the police chief. McKeighan survived his recall only to face conspiracy charges in 1928.<ref>{{cite news |first=James M. |last=Miller |title=Crackdowns on 'reds,' booze didn't silence decade's roar |url=http://www.flintjournal.com/20thcentury/1920/1920main.html |work=[[Flint Journal]]: Journal of the 20th Century |publisher=Booth Newspapers |access-date=March 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527003224/http://www.flintjournal.com/20thcentury/1920/1920main.html|archive-date=May 27, 2011}}</ref> McKeighan was under investigation for a multitude of crimes which angered city leaders enough to push for changes in the city charter.<ref name=fj20c>{{cite news|last1=Crawford|first1=Kim|title=Flint mayor commanded attention from – voters, police|url=http://www.flintjournal.com/20thcentury/1920/1920flintmayor.html|access-date=October 24, 2014|work=Journal of the 20th Century|publisher=The Flint Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041109020208/http://www.flintjournal.com/20thcentury/1920/1920flintmayor.html|archive-date=November 9, 2004}}</ref> In 1928, the city adopted a new city charter with a council-manager form of government. Subsequently, McKeighan ran the "Green Slate" of candidates who won in 1931 and 1932 and he was select as mayor in 1931.<ref name=fj20c/> In 1935, the city residents approved a charter amendment establishing the Civil Service Commission.<ref>{{cite news|title=Proposal 5: Voters can eliminate Flint Civil Service Commission with charter vote|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2014/10/proposal_5_voters_can_eliminat.html|access-date=October 24, 2014|work=The Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> For the last century, Flint's history has been dominated by both the auto industry and car culture. The [[Flint Sit-Down Strike|Sit-Down Strike]] of 1936–1937 saw the fledgling [[United Auto Workers|United Automobile Workers]] triumph over General Motors and establish itself as a major union, leading to widespread unionization in US industry. The successful mediation of the strike by Governor [[Frank Murphy]], culminating in a one-page agreement recognizing the Union and rehiring workers fired due to strike participation began an era of successful organizing by the UAW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=115&category=business |title=Detroit News, Rearview Mirror, ''The Sitdown strike at General Motors''. |access-date=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709044347/http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=115&category=business |archive-date=July 9, 2012 }}</ref> The city was a major contributor of tanks and other war machines during World War II due to its extensive manufacturing facilities. For decades, Flint remained politically significant as a major population center as well as for its importance to the automotive industry. A freighter named after the city, the [[SS City of Flint (1919)|SS ''City of Flint'']], was the first US ship to be captured during the Second World War, in October 1939. The vessel was later sunk in 1943.<ref>{{cite book |title=Å være eller ikke være – Under orlogsflagget i den annen verdenskrig |last=Bjørnsson |first=Nils |year=1994 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfund ved Forlaget Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen |location=Haakonsvern |isbn=82-990969-3-6 |page=23 |language=no }}</ref> On June 8, 1953, the [[1953 Flint-Beecher tornado|Flint-Beecher tornado]], a large F5 [[tornado]], struck the city, killing 116 people. The city's population peaked in 1960 at almost 200,000, at which time it was the second largest city in the state. The decades of the 1950s and 1960s are seen as the height of Flint's prosperity and influence. They culminated with the establishment of many local institutions, most notably the [[Flint Cultural Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flintcultural.org/ |title=Flint Cultural Center |publisher=Flintcultural.org |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> This landmark remains one of the city's chief commercial and artistic draws to this day. The city's [[Bishop International Airport]] was the busiest in Michigan for [[United Airlines]] apart from [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]], with flights to many destinations in the Mid-West and the Mid-Atlantic.<ref>United Airlines timetable, April 27. 1969, https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ua/ua69/</ref> ===Late 20th century: deindustrialization and demographic changes=== Since the late 1960s through the end of the 20th century, Flint has suffered from [[disinvestment]], [[deindustrialization]], [[Population decline|depopulation]] and [[urban decay]], as well as high rates of crime, unemployment and poverty. Initially, this took the form of "[[white flight]]" that afflicted many urban industrialized American towns and cities. Given Flint's role in the automotive industry, this decline was exacerbated by the [[1973 oil crisis]] with spiking oil prices and the U.S. auto industry's subsequent loss of market share to imports, as Japanese manufacturers were producing cars with better [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]].<ref>Peter Cheney, 'Globe and Mail,' November 5, 2015, "The rise of Japan: How the car industry was won" https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/adventure/red-line/the-rise-of-japan-how-the-car-industry-was-won/article27100187/</ref> In the 1980s, the rate of deindustrialization accelerated again with local GM employment falling from a 1978 high of 80,000 to under 8,000 by 2010. Only 10% of the manufacturing work force from its height remains in Flint. Many factors have been blamed, including [[outsourcing]], [[offshoring]], increased [[automation]], and moving jobs to [[Labor unions in the United States|non-union]] facilities in right to work states and foreign countries. This decline was highlighted in the film ''[[Roger & Me]]'' by [[Michael Moore]] (the title refers to [[Roger Smith (executive)|Roger B. Smith]], the CEO of General Motors during the 1980s). Also highlighted in Moore's documentary was the failure of city officials to reverse the trends with entertainment options (e.g. the now-demolished [[AutoWorld (theme park)|AutoWorld]]) during the 1980s. Moore, a native of [[Davison, Michigan|Davison]] (a Flint suburb), revisited Flint in his later movies, including ''[[Bowling for Columbine]]'', ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'', and ''[[Fahrenheit 11/9]]''. ===21st century=== ====First financial emergency: 2002–2004==== By 2002, Flint had accrued $30 million in debt.<ref name=fj2>{{cite news|last=Mostafavi|first=Beata|title=What happened last time? A look back at Flint's 2002 state takeover|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/11/what_happened_last_time_a_look.html|access-date=December 5, 2011|newspaper=The Flint Journal|date=November 10, 2011}}</ref> On March 5, 2002, the city's voters [[recall election|recalled]] Mayor [[Woodrow Stanley]]. On May 22, [[Governor of Michigan|Governor]] [[John Engler]] declared a financial emergency in Flint, and on July 8 the state appointed an [[Financial emergency in Michigan|emergency financial manager]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Flint would be only Michigan city to twice undergo emergency state takeover|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/11/flint_would_be_only_michigan_c.html|access-date=November 14, 2011|newspaper=The Flint Journal|date=November 8, 2011}}</ref> Ed Kurtz. The emergency financial manager displaced the temporary mayor, [[Darnell Earley]], in the city administrator position. In August 2002, city voters elected former Mayor [[James W. Rutherford|James Rutherford]] to finish the remainder of Stanley's term of office. On September 24, Kurtz commissioned a salary and wage study for top city officials from an outside accounting and consulting firm. The financial manager then installed a new code enforcement program for annual rental inspections and emergency demolitions. On October 8, Kurtz ordered cuts in pay for the mayor (from $107,000 to $24,000) and the City Council members (from $23,000 to $18,000). He also eliminated insurance benefits for most officials. After spending $245,000 fighting the takeover, the City Council ended the lawsuits on October 14. Immediately thereafter on October 16, a new interim financial plan was put in place by the manager. This plan initiated controls on hiring, overnight travel and spending by city employees. On November 12, Kurtz directed the city's retirement board to stop unusual pension benefits, which had decreased some retiree pensions by 3.5%. Kurtz sought the return of overpayments to the pension fund. However, in December, the state attorney general stated that emergency financial managers do not have authority over the retirement system. With contract talks stalled, Kurtz stated that there either need to be cuts or layoffs to union employees. That same month, the city's recreation centers were temporarily closed.<ref name="fj2" /> Emergency measures continued in 2003. In May, Kurtz increased water and sewer bills by 11% and shut down operations of the ombudsman's office. In September, a 4% pay cut was agreed to by the city's largest union. In October, Kurtz moved in favor of infrastructure improvements, authorizing $1 million in sewer and road projects. [[Don Williamson]] was elected a full-term mayor and sworn in on November 10. In December, city audits reported nearly $14 million in reductions in the city deficit. For the 2003–2004 budget year, estimates decreased that amount to between $6 million and $8 million.<ref name="fj2" /> With pressure from Kurtz for large layoffs and replacement of the board on February 17, 2004, the City Retirement Board agreed to four proposals reducing the amount of the city's contribution into the system. On March 24, Kurtz indicated that he would raise the City Council's and the mayor's pay, and in May, Kurtz laid off 10 workers as part of 35 job cuts for the 2004–05 budget. In June 2004, Kurtz reported that the financial emergency was over.<ref name="fj2" /> ====Redevelopment==== [[File:Flint July 2018 01 (The Durant - Hotel Durant).jpg|thumb|[[The Durant]], built in 1919]] In November 2013, [[American Cast Iron Pipe Company]], a [[Birmingham, Alabama]] based company, became the first to build a production facility in Flint's former [[Buick City]] site, purchasing the property from the [[RACER Trust]].<ref>[http://www.freep.com/article/20131113/BUSINESS0101/311130151/Flint-Buick-City-American-Cast-Iron-Pipe-Co-General-Motors-RACER-GM Pipe maker to add 60 jobs at Flint's Buick City property] ''Detroit Free Press'', November 13, 2013</ref> Commercially, local organizations have attempted to pool their resources in the central business district and to expand and bolster higher education at four local institutions. Examples of their efforts include the following: * Landmarks such as the First National Bank building have been extensively renovated, often to create lofts or office space, and filming for the [[Will Ferrell]] movie ''[[Semi-Pro]]'' resulted in renovations to the Capitol Theatre. * [[The Paterson Building]] at Saginaw and Third street has been owned by the Collison Family, Thomas W. Collison & Co., Inc., for the last 30 years. The building is rich in [[Art Deco]] throughout the interior and exterior. The building also houses its own garage in the lower level, providing heated valet parking to The Paterson Building Tenants. * In 2004, University Park, the first planned residential community in Flint in over 30 years, was built north of Fifth Avenue off Saginaw Street, Flint's main thoroughfare. * Local foundations have funded the renovation and redecoration of Saginaw Street and have begun work turning University Avenue (formerly known as Third Avenue) into a mile-long "University Corridor" connecting [[University of Michigan–Flint]] with [[Kettering University]]. *[[Atwood Stadium]], located on University Avenue, received extensive renovations, and the Cultivating Our Community project landscaped 16 different locations as a part of a $415,600 beautification project. * Wade Trim and Rowe Incorporated made major renovations to transform empty downtown Flint blocks into business, entertainment, and housing centers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsupdowntown.com |title=What's Up Downtown? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202102003/http://www.whatsupdowntown.com/ |archive-date=February 2, 2015 }}</ref> [[WNEM-TV]], a television station based in [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]], uses space in the Wade Trim building facing Saginaw Street as a secondary studio and newsroom.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.mlive.com/flintjournal/newsnow/2007/09/wnem_plans_studio_in_downtown.html |title=WNEM plans studio in downtown Flint | newspaper=The Flint Journal}}</ref> * The long-vacant [[The Durant|Durant Hotel]], formerly owned by the [[United Hotels Company of America|United Hotels Company]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Receivers Named For Hotel Firm|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/11/18/105819885.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/11/18/105819885.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=October 14, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 18, 1933}}</ref> was turned into a mixture of commercial space and apartments intended to attract young professionals or college students, with 93 units.<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/business/mid-michigan/2011/08/the_durant_hotel_full_for_the.html The Durant hotel full for the first time; site of a dozen weddings, prom and other events downtown Flint] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, January 21, 2019</ref> * In March 2008, the Crim Race Foundation put up an offer to buy the vacant Character Inn and turn it into a fitness center and do a multimillion-dollar renovation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/story?section=news/local&id=6028243 |title=Crim offers to purchase Character Inn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629043405/http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=6028243 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}</ref> [[File:The Paterson Building.jpg|thumb|[[The Paterson Building]]]] Similar to a plan in Detroit, Flint is in the process of tearing down thousands of abandoned homes to create available real estate. As of June 2009, approximately 1,100 homes have been demolished in Flint, with one official estimating another 3,000 more will have to be torn down.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/5516536/US-cities-may-have-to-be-bulldozed-in-order-to-survive.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615055407/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/5516536/US-cities-may-have-to-be-bulldozed-in-order-to-survive.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= June 15, 2009|title= US cities may have to be bulldozed in order to survive|access-date=June 18, 2009|author= Tom Leonard|date= June 12, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph }}</ref> ====Second financial emergency: 2011–2015==== On September 30, 2011, [[Governor of Michigan|Governor]] [[Rick Snyder]] appointed an eight-member team to review Flint's financial state with a request to report back in 30 days (half the legal time for a review).<ref>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Gov. Snyder appoints team to review Flint's finances under emergency manager law, requests report within 30 days| url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/09/gov_snyder_appoints_team_to_re.html |access-date=November 14, 2011|newspaper=The Flint Journal|date=September 30, 2011}}</ref> On November 8, Mayor [[Dayne Walling]] defeated challenger Darryl Buchanan 8,819 votes (56%) to 6,868 votes (44%).<ref>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=About 19 percent of voters turned out to re-elect Flint Mayor Dayne Walling|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/11/about_19_percent_of_voters_tur.html|access-date=November 9, 2011|newspaper=Flint Journal|date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> That same day, the Michigan State review panel declared Flint to be in a state of a "local government financial emergency" recommending the state again appoint an emergency manager.<ref>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Dayne Walling re-elected mayor as state declares financial emergency in Flint|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/11/dayne_walling_re-elected_as_st.html|access-date=November 9, 2011|newspaper=Flint Journal|date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> On November 14, the City Council voted 7 to 2 to not appeal the state review with Mayor Walling concurring the next day.<ref name=emtl>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Flint emergency: Timeline of state takeover|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/12/flint_emergency_timeline_of_st_1.html|access-date=December 1, 2012|newspaper=Flint Journal|date=December 1, 2012}}</ref> Governor Snyder appointed [[Michael Brown (Michigan politician)|Michael Brown]] as the city's emergency manager.<ref name="Longley">{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Former Acting Mayor Michael Brown named Flint's emergency manager|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/11/former_acting_mayor_michael_br.html|access-date=November 29, 2011|newspaper=Flint Journal|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> On December 2, Brown dismissed a number of top administrators. Pay and benefits from Flint's elected officials were automatically removed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Longley|first=Kristin|title=Shakeup at Flint City Hall as new emergency manager issues layoffs, pay cuts|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2011/12/layoffs_pay_cuts_for_some_at_f.html|access-date=December 5, 2011|newspaper=The Flint Journal|date=December 2, 2011}}</ref> On December 8, the office of ombudsman and the Civil Service Commission were eliminated by Brown.<ref name=emtl/> On January 16, 2012, protestors against the emergency manager law including Flint residents marched near the governor's home. The next day, Brown filed a financial and operating plan with the state as mandated by law. The next month, each ward in the city had a community engagement meeting hosted by Brown. Governor Snyder on March 7 made a statewide public safety message from Flint City Hall that included help for Flint with plans for reopening the Flint lockup and increasing state police patrols in Flint.<ref name=emtl/> On March 20, 2012, days after a lawsuit was filed by labor union [[American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees|AFSCME]], and a [[restraining order]] was issued against Brown, his appointment was found to be in violation of the Michigan Open Meetings Act, and Mayor Walling and the City Council had their powers returned.<ref>{{cite news|title=Judge: State violated law in appointing Flint emergency manager; Powers of mayor, city council reinstated|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/03/emergency_manager_lawsuit.html|newspaper=The Flint Journal|date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> The state immediately filed an emergency appeal, claiming the financial emergency still existed.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/03/state_plans_emergency_appeal_a.html State plans emergency appeal after judge removes Flint emergency manager, restores mayor and city council] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, March 20, 2012</ref> On March 26, the appeal was granted, putting Brown back in power.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/03/flint_emergency_manager_reinst.html Flint emergency manager reinstated as battle over Public Act 4 continues] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, March 26, 2012</ref> Brown and several unions agreed to new contract terms in April.<ref name=emtl/> Brown unveiled his fiscal year 2013 budget on April 23. It included cuts in nearly every department including police and fire, as well as higher taxes.<ref>April 24, 2012. [http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/04/flint_emergency_manager_unveil.html Flint emergency manager unveils budget with fee hikes, public safety layoffs] ''The Flint Journal''. MLive Media Group.</ref> An Obsolete Property Rehabilitation District was created by Manager Brown in June 2012 for 11 downtown Flint properties. On July 19, the city pension system was transferred to the Municipal Employees Retirement System by the city's retirement board which led to a legal challenge.<ref name=emtl/> On August 3, 2012, the [[Michigan Supreme Court]] ordered the state Board of Canvassers to certify a referendum on Public Act 4, the Emergency Manager Law, for the November ballot. Brown made several actions on August 7 including placing a $6 million public safety millage on the ballot and sold [[Genesee Towers]] to a development group for $1 to demolish the structure. The board certified the referendum petition on August 8, returning the previous Emergency Financial Manager Law into effect. With Brown previously temporary mayor for the last few years, he was ineligible to be the Emergency Financial Manager. [[Ed Kurtz]] was once again appointed [[Emergency financial manager|Emergency Financial Manager]] by the Emergency Financial Assistance Loan Board.<ref name=emtl/> Two lawsuits were filed in September 2012, one by the city council against Kurtz's appointment, while another was against the state in Ingham County Circuit Court claiming the old emergency financial manager law remains repealed.<ref name=emtl/> On November 30, [[State Treasurer of Michigan|State Treasurer]] [[Andy Dillon]] announced the financial emergency was still ongoing, and the emergency manager was still needed.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/11/state_treasurys_perspective_fl.html State treasury: Flint emergency financial manager still needed] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, November 30, 2012</ref> Michael Brown was re-appointed Emergency Manager on June 26, 2013, and returned to work on July 8.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/06/michael_brown_is_back_as_emerg.html Emergency manager in Flint will be Michael Brown after Ed Kurtz steps down] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, June 26, 2013</ref> Flint had an $11.3 million projected deficit when Brown started as emergency manager in 2011. The city faced a $19.1 million combined deficit from 2012, with plans to borrow $12 million to cover part of it.<ref name=budget2013>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/06/is_second_time_for_michael_bro.html Public safety still a big concern as Mike Brown readies return as Flint's emergency manager] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, June 30, 2013</ref> Brown resigned from his position in early September 2013, and his last day was October 31. He was succeeded by Saginaw city manager (and former Flint temporary mayor) Darnell Earley.<ref name=earley>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/09/michael_brown_resigns_as_flint.html New Flint emergency manager Darnell Earley to take over after Michael Brown resigns] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, September 11, 2013</ref> Earley formed a blue ribbon committee on governance with 23 members on January 16, 2014, to review city operations and consider possible charter amendments.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adams|first1=Dominic|title=A list of who is on the Flint Blue Ribbon Committee on Governance|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2014/01/flints_blue_ribbon_committee_m.html|access-date=July 20, 2015|work=The Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=January 9, 2014}}</ref> The blue ribbon committee recommend that the city move to a council-manager government.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Acosta|first1=Roberto|title=Blue ribbon report recommends big changes for how Flint is governed|url=http://www.mlive.com/flint-river/index.ssf/2014/07/blue_ribbon_report_recommends.html|access-date=July 20, 2015|work=Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=July 24, 2014}}</ref> Six charter amendment proposals were placed on the {{dts|2014|11|4}}, ballot with the charter review commission proposal passing along with reduction of mayoral staff appointments and budgetary amendments. Proposals which would eliminate certain executive departments, the Civil Service Commission and the ombudsman office were defeated.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fonger|first1=Ron|title=Flint voters OK first review of city charter in 40 years, work to start after February election|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2014/11/flint_voters_city_charter.html|access-date=July 20, 2015|work=Flint Journal|publisher=MLive Media Group|date=November 5, 2014}}</ref> Flint elected a nine-member [[Government of Flint, Michigan#Charter Review Commission|Charter Review Commission]] on May 5, 2015.<ref name=fj5>{{cite news|last1=Fonger|first1=Ron|title=Big job ahead for nine elected to Flint Charter Review Commission|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/05/big_job_ahead_for_nine_elected.html|access-date=November 11, 2015|work=Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=May 6, 2015}}</ref> With Earley appointed to be emergency manager for [[Detroit Public Schools Community District|Detroit Public Schools]] on {{dts|2015|1|13}}, city financial adviser Jerry Ambrose was selected to finish out the financial emergency with an expected exit in April.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerry Ambrose named Flint's fourth emergency manager as Darnell Earley heads to Detroit|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/01/jerry_ambrose_tapped_as_next_e.html|access-date=January 13, 2015|work=The Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> On {{dts|2015|4|30}}, the state moved the city from under an emergency manager receivership to a Receivership Transition Advisory Board.<ref name=fj4>{{cite news|last1=Fonger|first1=Ron|title='A heavy burden' lifted from Flint as Gov. Rick Snyder declares end of financial emergency|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/04/a_heavy_burden_lifted_from_fli.html|access-date=July 18, 2015|work=Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=April 29, 2015}}</ref> On November 3, 2015, Flint residents elected [[Karen Weaver]] as their first female mayor.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/11/karen_weaver_makes_history_ele_1.html Karen Weaver makes history, elected Flint's first woman mayor] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, November 3, 2015</ref> On January 22, 2016, the Receivership Transition Advisory Board unanimously voted to return some powers, including appointment authority, to the mayor.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2016/01/powers_returned_to_flint_mayor.html Powers returned to Flint mayor, no staffing changes announced] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive, January 22, 2016</ref> The Receivership Transit Authority Board was formally dissolved by State Treasurer Nick Khouri on April 10, 2018, returning the city to local control.<ref name="localcontrol">{{cite web |title=Flint Released from Receivership, All Remaining Emergency Manager Orders Repealed |url=https://www.michigan.gov/treasury/0,4679,7-121-1755_73555_85267_85268-464775--,00.html |website=Michigan.gov |publisher=Michigan Department of Treasury |access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> ====Water state of emergency==== {{Main|Flint water crisis}} [[File:President Obama sips filtered water from Flint.jpg|thumb|President [[Barack Obama]] sips filtered Flint water following a roundtable on the [[Flint water crisis]], 2016]] In April 2014, during a financial crisis, state-appointed emergency manager Darnell Earley changed Flint's water source from the [[Detroit Water and Sewerage Department]] (sourced from [[Lake Huron]]) to the Flint River.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Leonard N. |title=Darnell Earley: The man in power during Flint switch |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2016/03/14/darnell-earley-flint-water-crisis/81788654/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref> The problem was compounded with the fact that anticorrosive measures were not implemented. After two independent studies, [[lead poisoning]] caused by the water was found in the area's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineering's Marc Edwards heads to Flint as part of study into unprecedented corrosion problem|url=http://vtnews.vt.edu/articles/2015/09/091415-engineering-edwardsflint.html|publisher=Virginia Tech|access-date=December 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = State of emergency declared in Flint, Michigan over poisoned water supply |work= World Socialist Web Site|date= December 16, 2015|url = https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/12/16/flin-d16.html|access-date = December 30, 2015}}</ref> This has led to several lawsuits, the resignation of several officials, fifteen criminal indictments, and a federal public health state of emergency for all of Genesee County.<ref name=waterwashpost>{{Cite news|title = In Flint, Mich., there's so much lead in children's blood that a state of emergency is declared|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/12/15/toxic-water-soaring-lead-levels-in-childrens-blood-create-state-of-emergency-in-flint-mich/|newspaper = The Washington Post|date=December 15, 2015 |access-date =December 15, 2015|issn = 0190-8286|language = en-US|first = Yanan|last = Wang}}</ref><ref name="Bethencourt">Daniel Bethencourt, [http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2015/11/13/after-flint-water-crisis-families-file-lawsuit/75744376/ After Flint water crisis, families file lawsuit], ''Detroit Free Press'' (November 13, 2015).</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/12/deq_director_dan_wyant_resigns.html Director Dan Wyant resigns after task force blasts MDEQ over Flint water crisis] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, December 29, 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2016/12/former_state_emergency_manager.html Two former Flint emergency managers charged with water crisis crimes] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, December 20, 2016</ref> ==Geography== [[File:Downtown Flint Michigan taken from Genesee Towers.jpg|thumb|Downtown Flint looking northwest, taken from a now-demolished skyscraper, the Genesee Towers. The downtown core has seen some improvement in recent years due to an influx of younger people, college students, and new restaurants and bars.]] Flint lies in the [[Flint/Tri-Cities]] region of [[Michigan]]. Flint and [[Genesee County, Michigan|Genesee County]] can be categorized as a subregion of Flint/Tri-Cities. It is located along the Flint River, which flows through [[Lapeer County, Michigan|Lapeer]], Genesee, and [[Saginaw County, Michigan|Saginaw]] counties and is {{convert|78.3|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/miwatershed.html|title=Lakes, Rivers and Wetlands|publisher=Michigan State University |access-date=February 20, 2017}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|34.06|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|33.42|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.64|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 25, 2012 }}</ref> Flint lies just to the northeast of the Flint hills. The terrain is low and rolling along the south and east sides, and flatter to the northwest. ===Neighborhoods=== [[File:Flint hallsflats.JPG|thumb|Hall's Flats on the West Side is one of Flint's many neighborhoods.]] Flint has several neighborhoods grouped around the center of the city on the four cardinal sides. The downtown business district is centered on Saginaw Street south of the Flint River. Just west, on opposite sides of the river, are Carriage Town (north) and the Grand Traverse Street District (south). Both neighborhoods boast strong neighborhood associations. These neighborhoods were the center of manufacturing for and profits from the nation's carriage industry until the 1920s and are the site of many well-preserved [[Victorian house|Victorian homes]] and the setting of Atwood Stadium. The University Avenue corridor of Carriage Town is home to the largest concentration of Greek housing in the area, with fraternity houses from both Kettering University, and the University of Michigan-Flint. Chapter houses include [[Phi Delta Theta]], [[Sigma Alpha Epsilon]], [[Delta Chi]], [[Theta Chi]], [[Lambda Chi Alpha]], [[Theta Xi]], [[Alpha Phi Alpha]], [[Phi Gamma Delta]], and [[Delta Tau Delta]] Fraternities. Just north of downtown is River Village, an example of gentrification via mixed-income public housing. To the east of [[Interstate 475 (Michigan)|I-475]] is [[Central Park, Flint|Central Park]] and Fairfield Village. These are the only two neighborhoods between UM-Flint and [[Mott Community College]] and enjoy strong neighborhood associations. Central Park piloted a project to convert street lights to LED and is defined by seven cul-de-sacs. The North Side and 5th Ward are predominantly African American, with such historic districts as Buick City and Civic Park on the north, and Sugar Hill, Floral Park, and Kent and Elm Parks on the south. Many of these neighborhoods were the original centers of early Michigan [[blues]]. The South Side in particular was also a center for multi-racial migration from Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and the [[Deep South]] since World War II. These neighborhoods are most often lower income but have maintained some level of economic stratification. The East Side is the site of the Applewood Mott Estate, and Mott Community College, the [[Flint Cultural Center|Cultural Center]], and [[East Village, Flint|East Village]], one of Flint's more prosperous areas. The surrounding neighborhood is called the College/Cultural Neighborhood, with a strong neighborhood association, lower crime rate and stable housing prices. Just north is Eastside Proper, also known as the State Streets, and has much of Flint's Hispanic community.<ref name=WarikooFlintimm>Warikoo, Niraj. "[http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2016/02/04/flint-immigrants-struggle-get-help-info-water/79530754/ Flint immigrants struggle to get help, info on water]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160204074923/http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/flint-water-crisis/2016/02/04/flint-immigrants-struggle-get-help-info-water/79530754/ Archive]). ''[[Detroit Free Press]]''. February 4, 2016. Retrieved on February 4, 2016.</ref> The West Side includes the main site of the 1936–37 sit-down strike, the Mott Park neighborhood, Kettering University, and the historic Woodcroft Estates, owned in the past by legendary automotive executives and current home to prominent and historic Flint families such as the Motts, the Manleys, and the Smiths. Facilities associated with General Motors in the past and present are scattered throughout the city, including GM Truck and Bus, Flint Metal Center and Powertrain South (clustered together on the city's southwestern corner); Powertrain North, Flint Tool and Die and Delphi East. The largest plant, Buick City, and adjacent facilities have been demolished. [[File:genesee-towers-flint-mi.jpg|thumb|The [[Genesee Towers]] (left), now demolished, and [[Mott Foundation Building]] (right). [[The Flint Journal]]'s former headquarters (now used by the [[Michigan State University College of Human Medicine]]) is to the far left.]] Half of Flint's fourteen tallest buildings were built during the 1920s. The 19-story Genesee Towers, formerly the city's tallest building, was completed in 1968.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=1064/ |title=Flint, Michigan |publisher=SkyscraperPage.com |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> The building became unused in later years and fell into severe disrepair: a cautionary sign warning of falling debris was put on the sidewalk in front of it. An investment company purchased the building for $1, and it was demolished (by [[Building implosion|implosion]]) on December 22, 2013. ===Climate=== [[File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - Flint Area, MI(ThreadEx).svg|thumb|Climate chart for Flint]] Typical of southeastern Michigan, Flint has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''), and is part of USDA [[Hardiness zone]] 6a.<ref>{{cite web|title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map|url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|access-date=June 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/|archive-date=February 27, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Winters are cold, with moderate [[snowfall]] and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 52 days annually, while dropping to {{convert|0|°F|0}} or below on an average 9.3 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding {{convert|90|°F|0}} on 9.0 days.<ref name = NOAA/> The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from {{convert|23.0|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|70.9|°F|1}} in July. Official temperature extremes range from {{convert|108|°F|0}} on [[1936 North American heat wave|July 8 and 13, 1936]] down to {{convert|−25|°F|0}} on January 18, 1976, and February 20, 2015; the record low maximum is {{convert|−4|°F|0}} on [[1994 North American cold wave|January 18, 1994]], while, conversely the record high minimum is {{convert|79|°F|0}} on July 18, 1942.<ref name = NOAA/> Decades may pass between readings of {{convert|100|°F|0}} or higher, which last occurred [[Summer 2012 North American heat wave|July 17, 2012]]. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 8 thru May 7, allowing a growing season of 153 days.<ref name = NOAA/> On June 8, 1953, Flint was hit by [[1953 Flint–Beecher tornado|an F5 tornado]], which claimed 116 lives.<ref name="1953 tornado">{{cite web|title=NOAA MARKS 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THIRD DEADLIEST YEAR FOR TORNADOES|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s1135.htm|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=June 7, 2015}}</ref> Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly-distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months average more, averaging {{convert|31.97|in|mm}} annually, but historically ranging from {{convert|18.08|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1963 to {{convert|45.38|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1975.<ref name = NOAA/> Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 12 through April 9 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May),<ref name = NOAA/> averages {{convert|52.1|in|cm|0}} per year, although historically ranging from {{convert|16.0|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1944–45 to {{convert|85.3|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 2017–18.<ref name = NOAA/> A snow depth of {{convert|1|in|cm|abbr=on}} or more occurs on an average 64 days, with 53 days from December to February.<ref name = "NOAA txt"/> {{Weather box | location = Flint, Michigan ([[Bishop International Airport|Bishop Int'l]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1921–present | single line = Y | Jan record high F = 65 | Feb record high F = 73 | Mar record high F = 86 | Apr record high F = 88 | May record high F = 93 | Jun record high F = 104 | Jul record high F = 108 | Aug record high F = 103 | Sep record high F = 100 | Oct record high F = 89 | Nov record high F = 79 | Dec record high F = 70 | year record high F = 108 | Jan avg record high F = 52.1 | Feb avg record high F = 53.0 | Mar avg record high F = 68.1 | Apr avg record high F = 78.4 | May avg record high F = 86.2 | Jun avg record high F = 91.9 | Jul avg record high F = 92.7 | Aug avg record high F = 91.5 | Sep avg record high F = 88.4 | Oct avg record high F = 79.3 | Nov avg record high F = 66.0 | Dec avg record high F = 55.1 | year avg record high F = 94.8 | Jan high F = 29.9 | Feb high F = 32.8 | Mar high F = 43.3 | Apr high F = 56.7 | May high F = 68.9 | Jun high F = 78.2 | Jul high F = 82.1 | Aug high F = 79.9 | Sep high F = 73.1 | Oct high F = 60.1 | Nov high F = 46.6 | Dec high F = 34.9 | year high F = 57.2 | Jan mean F = 23.0 | Feb mean F = 24.7 | Mar mean F = 34.2 | Apr mean F = 46.0 | May mean F = 57.4 | Jun mean F = 67.1 | Jul mean F = 70.9 | Aug mean F = 69.1 | Sep mean F = 61.7 | Oct mean F = 50.2 | Nov mean F = 38.8 | Dec mean F = 28.7 | year mean F = 47.6 | Jan low F = 16.0 | Feb low F = 16.7 | Mar low F = 25.1 | Apr low F = 35.3 | May low F = 46.0 | Jun low F = 55.9 | Jul low F = 59.7 | Aug low F = 58.3 | Sep low F = 50.4 | Oct low F = 40.3 | Nov low F = 31.0 | Dec low F = 22.5 | year low F = 38.1 | Jan avg record low F = −6.1 | Feb avg record low F = −4.4 | Mar avg record low F = 5.4 | Apr avg record low F = 21.4 | May avg record low F = 31.8 | Jun avg record low F = 41.4 | Jul avg record low F = 47.2 | Aug avg record low F = 46.1 | Sep avg record low F = 35.0 | Oct avg record low F = 25.9 | Nov avg record low F = 15.4 | Dec avg record low F = 3.5 | year avg record low F = −10.2 | Jan record low F = −25 | Feb record low F = −25 | Mar record low F = −16 | Apr record low F = 6 | May record low F = 22 | Jun record low F = 33 | Jul record low F = 40 | Aug record low F = 37 | Sep record low F = 26 | Oct record low F = 19 | Nov record low F = −7 | Dec record low F = −18 | year record low F = -25 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 1.99 | Feb precipitation inch = 1.68 | Mar precipitation inch = 1.97 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.13 | May precipitation inch = 3.68 | Jun precipitation inch = 3.12 | Jul precipitation inch = 3.41 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.16 | Sep precipitation inch = 2.90 | Oct precipitation inch = 2.77 | Nov precipitation inch = 2.27 | Dec precipitation inch = 1.89 | year precipitation inch = 31.97 | Jan snow inch = 15.1 | Feb snow inch = 13.0 | Mar snow inch = 6.6 | Apr snow inch = 2.4 | May snow inch = 0.0 | Jun snow inch = 0.0 | Jul snow inch = 0.0 | Aug snow inch = 0.0 | Sep snow inch = 0.0 | Oct snow inch = 0.3 | Nov snow inch = 3.3 | Dec snow inch = 11.4 | year snow inch = 52.1 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 14.2 | Feb precipitation days = 10.9 | Mar precipitation days = 11.0 | Apr precipitation days = 12.7 | May precipitation days = 12.1 | Jun precipitation days = 10.8 | Jul precipitation days = 9.5 | Aug precipitation days = 10.0 | Sep precipitation days = 9.6 | Oct precipitation days = 11.8 | Nov precipitation days = 11.6 | Dec precipitation days = 13.8 | year precipitation days = 138.0 | unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jan snow days = 13.3 | Feb snow days = 10.7 | Mar snow days = 6.2 | Apr snow days = 2.4 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.3 | Nov snow days = 3.6 | Dec snow days = 10.3 | year snow days = 46.8 | humidity colour = green | Jan humidity = 75.3 | Feb humidity = 73.1 | Mar humidity = 70.3 | Apr humidity = 65.8 | May humidity = 65.5 | Jun humidity = 68.4 | Jul humidity = 69.6 | Aug humidity = 73.3 | Sep humidity = 75.6 | Oct humidity = 73.2 | Nov humidity = 75.6 | Dec humidity = 77.4 | year humidity = 71.9 | Jan dew point C = -9.3 | Feb dew point C = -8.8 | Mar dew point C = -4.2 | Apr dew point C = 1.1 | May dew point C = 7.0 | Jun dew point C = 12.6 | Jul dew point C = 15.2 | Aug dew point C = 14.9 | Sep dew point C = 11.4 | Oct dew point C = 5.0 | Nov dew point C = -0.1 | Dec dew point C = -5.9 | source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity and dew point 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=dtx |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = May 8, 2021}}</ref><ref name = "NOAA txt">{{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014826&format=pdf |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title = Station: Flint Bishop INTL AP, MI |work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020) |access-date = May 8, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230916000212/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014826&format=pdf |archive-date = 2023-09-16}}</ref><ref name = "NOAA RH">{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72637.TXT |title = FLINT/BISHOP, MI Climate Normals 1961–1990 |access-date = June 20, 2014 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230915233645/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72637.TXT |archive-date = 2023-09-15}}</ref> | source = }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1850= 1670 |1860= 2950 |1870= 5386 |1880= 8409 |1890= 9803 |1900= 13103 |1910= 38550 |1920= 91599 |1930= 156492 |1940= 151543 |1950= 163143 |1960= 196940 |1970= 193317 |1980= 159611 |1990= 140761 |2000= 124943 |2010= 102434 |2020= 81252 |estyear=2022 |estimate=79854 |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=July 26, 2022|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref> |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br /> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/> }} ===2020 census=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Flint city, Michigan – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> !Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> !Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Flint city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US2629000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Flint city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2629000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Flint city, Michigan|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US2629000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> !% 2000 !% 2010 !{{partial|% 2020}} |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) |50,020 |36,537 |style='background: #ffffe6; |26,372 |40.03% |35.67% |style='background: #ffffe6; |32.46% |- |[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) |66,231 |57,451 |style='background: #ffffe6; |45,293 |53.01% |56.09% |style='background: #ffffe6; |55.74% |- |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) |703 |455 |style='background: #ffffe6; |302 |0.56% |0.44% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.37% |- |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) |536 |450 |style='background: #ffffe6; |404 |0.43% |0.44% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.50% |- |[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) |14 |14 |style='background: #ffffe6; |25 |0.01% |0.01% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03% |- |Some Other Race alone (NH) |252 |140 |style='background: #ffffe6; |424 |0.20% |0.14% |style='background: #ffffe6; |0.52% |- |[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH) |3,445 |3,411 |style='background: #ffffe6; |4,476 |2.76% |3.33% |style='background: #ffffe6; |5.51% |- |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) |3,742 |3,976 |style='background: #ffffe6; |3,956 |2.99% |3.88% |style='background: #ffffe6; |4.87% |- |'''Total''' |'''124,943''' |'''102,434''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''81,252''' |'''100.00%''' |'''100.00%''' |style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |} ===2010 census=== As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 102,434 people, 40,472 households, and 23,949 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|3065.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 51,321 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1535.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 56.6% [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|African American]], 37.4% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.<ref name="census" /> [[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 35.7% of the population in 2010,<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2629000.html |title=Flint (city), Michigan |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102163755/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2629000.html |archive-date=January 2, 2016 }}</ref> compared to 70.1% in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|title=Michigan – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=May 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> There were 40,472 households, of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.1% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.8% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.13. The median age in the city was 33.6 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female. In 2016, Niraj Warikoo of the ''[[Detroit Free Press]]'' stated that area community leaders stated that the Hispanic and Latino people made up close to 6% of the city population, while the city also had 142 [[Arab American|Arab-American]] families.<ref name=WarikooFlintimm/> According to the most recent data from the U.S. Census Bureau, slightly over 1% of Flint's population was born outside the U.S., and over three-quarters of that foreign-born population have become naturalized citizens.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B05002/1600000US2629000 | title = U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2014 1-year Estimates | website = American FactFinder | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | access-date = March 1, 2016 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200213114536/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B05002/1600000US2629000 | archive-date = February 13, 2020 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Sports== {| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;" |- style="background:#adadad;" | style="width:150px;"|'''Club''' | style="width:120px;"|'''Sport''' | style="width:270px;"| '''League''' | style="width:180px;"| '''Venue''' |- |[[Flint City Bucks]] |[[Soccer]] |[[USL League 2]] |[[Atwood Stadium]] |- |[[Flint Rogues Rugby Club]] |[[Rugby union|Rugby]] |[[Michigan Rugby Football Union]] |[[Longway Park]] |- |[[Flint Fury]] |[[American football|Football]] |[[Midwest Elite Football Alliance]] |[[Flint Hamady High School]] |- |[[Flint United]] |[[Men's Basketball]] |[[The Basketball League]] |[[Dort Financial Center]] |- |[[Flint Monarchs]] |[[Women's basketball]] |[[Women's American Basketball]]<ref name=FlintTeams>{{cite news|last1=Woodyard|first1=Eric|title=Flint Monarchs locked in to become city's first professional women's basketball team|url=http://www.mlive.com/sports/flint/index.ssf/2013/08/flint_monarchs_locked_in_to_be.html|access-date=June 12, 2014|work=Mlive|date=August 12, 2013}}</ref> |[[Dort Financial Center]] |- |[[Flint Firebirds]] |[[Ice hockey|Hockey]] |[[Ontario Hockey League]] |[[Dort Financial Center]] |- |[[Flint City Handball Club]] |[[Club Team Handball]] |[[To be determined|TBD]] |[[Berston Fieldhouse]] |} ===American football=== There is [[Semi-professional|semi-pro]] football at Atwood Stadium with the Flint Fury. Atwood is an 11,000+ seat stadium in downtown Flint which has hosted many events, including baseball. When [[artificial turf]] was installed, it was no longer able to host baseball games.{{why|date=March 2016}} The Flint Fury have been in action since 2003, and are currently a part of the [[Great Lakes Football League]]. The team was founded by two of its players; Charles Lawler and Prince Goodson, who both played for the defunct Flint Falcons semi-pro team. The team is now solely owned by Lawler. The 2009 [[Heisman Trophy]] winner [[Mark Ingram II]], born and raised in Grand Blanc, attended his final year of high school at Flint Southwestern Academy. He won the Heisman with 1304 total votes. Ingram attended the [[University of Alabama]] and is their first Heisman winner. He was a member of the National Champion [[2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team]]. ===Basketball=== Many Flint natives have played basketball in the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA), [[NCAA Division 1]] or European professional basketball. [[NBA champion]] [[Glen Rice]], [[Eddie Robinson (basketball)|Eddie Robinson]] and three-time [[NBA champion]] [[JaVale McGee]], and [[Washington Wizards]] forward [[Kyle Kuzma]] all hail from Flint,<ref>[http://hoopsaddict.com/2006/05/24/flint-star-the-greatest-player-from-flint-you%E2%80%99ve-never-heard-of/ Flint Star: The Greatest Player From Flint You've Never Heard Of, ''HoopsAddict.com'' Retrieved July 19, 2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822142248/http://hoopsaddict.com/2006/05/24/flint-star-the-greatest-player-from-flint-you%E2%80%99ve-never-heard-of/ |date=August 22, 2007 }}</ref> as do [[Morris Peterson]], [[Mateen Cleaves]], and [[Charlie Bell (basketball)|Charlie Bell]] (four of the five starters from [[Michigan State University]]'s "[[Flintstones (basketball)|Flintstones]]" 2000 National Championship team). Local teacher and independent film maker Marcus Davenport chronicles Flint's ties to basketball and the basketball culture in his documentary ''Flint Star: The Motion Picture''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flintstarmovie.com/ |title=Flint Star: The Motion Picture |publisher=Flintstarmovie.com |access-date=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514140611/http://www.flintstarmovie.com/ |archive-date=May 14, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elevationmag.com/basketball/index.php?itemid=206 |title=Catching up with Marcus Davenport maker of Flint Star "The Motion Picture" |publisher=Elevationmag.com |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> [[Will Ferrell]]'s 2008 movie ''[[Semi-Pro]]'' is based on the fictional basketball team the "Flint Tropics".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flinttropicsshirts.com/ |title=Flint Tropics |publisher=Flinttropicsshirts.com |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> ===Ice hockey=== On January 14, 2015, the [[Ontario Hockey League]]'s [[Plymouth Whalers]] were relocated to Flint after a sale of the team to the owner of Perani Arena for the 2015–16 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mlive.com/sports/flint/index.ssf/2015/02/its_official_ontario_hockey_le.html|title=It's official: Ontario Hockey League approves Plymouth Whalers' move to Flint|work=MLive.com|date=February 2, 2015}}</ref> The team changed its name to the [[Flint Firebirds]]. ===Other sports=== Flint is twinned with [[Hamilton, Ontario]], and its amateur athletes compete in the [[CANUSA Games]], held alternatively between the two cities since 1957. ===Former sports teams=== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="width:98%;" |- style="background:#adadad;" | style="width:150px;"|'''Club''' | style="width:120px;"|'''Sport''' | style="width:270px;"| '''League''' | style="width:180px;"| '''Venue''' |- |Flint Flames (2000) |[[Arena football]] |[[Indoor Football League]] |IMA Sports Arena |- |[[Michigan Pirates]] (2007) |Arena Football |[[Continental Indoor Football League]] |[[Perani Arena and Event Center]] |- |[[Flint Phantoms]] (2008) |Arena Football |[[Continental Indoor Football League]] |Perani Arena and Event Center |- |[[Flint Flyers]] (1889–1891) |[[Baseball]] |[[Michigan State League]] |Venue Unknown |- |[[Flint Vehicles]] (1906–1915, 1921–1925) |Baseball |Michigan-Ontario League |Athletic Park |- |Flint Halligans (1919–1920) |Baseball |[[Michigan-Ontario League]] |[[Athletic Park (Flint)|Athletic Park]] |- |[[Flint Gems]] (1940) |Baseball |Michigan State League |[[Atwood Stadium]] |- |[[Flint Indians]] (1941) |Baseball |Michigan State League |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Arrows]] (1948–1951) |Baseball |[[Central League (baseball)|Central League]] |Atwood Stadium |- |Flint Pros (1972–1974) |[[Basketball]] |[[Continental Basketball Association]]<ref name=FlintTeams/> |[[IMA Auditorium]] |- |[[Flint Fuze]] (2001) |Basketball<ref name=FlintTeams/> |Continental Basketball Association |[[Perani Arena and Event Center|IMA Sports Arena]] |- |[[University of Michigan-Flint|UM-Flint]] Kodiaks |[[College football|College Football]] |[[National Club Football Association]] |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Wildcats]] (1974–1977) |[[American football|Football]] |Midwest Football League |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Sabres]] (1974–1988) |Football |Midwest Football League |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Falcons]] (1992–2001) |Football |[[Michigan Football League, Ohio Valley Football League]] |Atwood Stadium, [[Holy Redeemer Field]] |- |[[Michigan Admirals]] (2002–2009) |Football |North American Football League, United States Football Alliance |[[Hamady Field]], [[Russ Reynolds Field]], [[Atwood Stadium]] |- |[[Genesee County Patriots]] (2003–2009) |Football |Ohio Valley Football League, North American Football League |Atwood Stadium, [[Guy V. Houston Stadium]] |- |Flint Blue Devils |Football |League unknown |Atwood Stadium |- |Flint Yellow Jackets |Football |League unknown |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Rampage]] |Football |[[Great Lakes Football League]] |Atwood Stadium |- |[[Flint Generals (1969–1985)]] |[[Ice hockey|Hockey]] |[[International Hockey League (1945–2001)|International Hockey League]] |[[Perani Arena and Event Center|IMA Center]] |- |[[Flint Spirits]] (1985–1990) |Hockey |[[International Hockey League (1945–2001)|International Hockey League]] |IMA Sports Arena |- |[[Flint Bulldogs]] (1991–1993) |Hockey |[[United Hockey League|Colonial Hockey League]] |IMA Sports Arena |- |[[Flint Generals]] (1993–2010) |Hockey |[[United Hockey League|Colonial/United/International Hockey League]] (1993–2010) |Perani Arena and Event Center |- |[[Michigan Warriors]] (2010–2015) |Hockey |[[North American Hockey League]] |[[Perani Arena]], [[Iceland Arena]] |- |[[Flint City Riveters]] |Women's Football |[[Women's Football Alliance]] |Guy V. Houston Stadium |- |[[Michigan Phoenix]] |[[Women's Soccer]] |[[Women's Premier Soccer League]] |[[Guy V. Houston Stadium]] |- | [[Waza Flo]] | indoor soccer | [[Major Arena Soccer League]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Woodyard|first1=Eric|title=Major Arena Soccer League team moves home games to Flint's Dort Federal Event Center|url=http://www.mlive.com/sports/flint/index.ssf/2015/09/major_arena_soccer_league_team.html|access-date=November 16, 2015|work=Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=September 29, 2015}}</ref> | Dort Federal Credit Union Event Center |} ==Government== {{Main|Government of Flint, Michigan}} {{See also|Mayor of the City of Flint, Michigan}} [[File:Flint, Michigan Municipal Center.jpg|thumb|Flint Municipal Center]] The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibbons|first1=Lauren|title=Michigan State University, city of East Lansing at odds over proposed income tax|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/08/michigan_state_university_city.html|access-date=August 16, 2017|work=MLive Lansing|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> The 1974 Charter is the city's current charter that gives the city a [[Mayor-council government|strong mayor form of government]]. It also instituted the appointed independent office of [[Ombudsman]], while the city clerk is solely appointed by the city council. The city council is composed of members elected from the city's nine wards.<ref name="cc74" /> A Charter Review Commission is currently impaneled to review the charter for a complete overhaul.<ref name="fj5" /> The city operated under state-led financial receivership from April 30, 2015, to April 10, 2018, which saw the city under an Emergency Manager as the State of Michigan had declared a state of local government financial emergency.<ref name="fj4" /> The Receivership Transition Advisory Board had the authority to override council decisions related to financial matters.<ref name="localcontrol" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Longley|first1=Kristin|title=Flint City Council letter to Gov. Snyder: 'We are on the wrong path' with emergency manager|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/01/flint_city_council_to_gov_snyd.html|access-date=October 18, 2013|work=The Flint Journal|publisher=Mlive Media Group|date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> The city has operated under at least four charters (1855,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mi/county/lapeer/gen/ch13/earlyflint1.html |title=The History of Genesee County, MI. Chapter XIII: Early Years of Flint City |publisher=Usgennet.org |date=March 1, 2002 |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007080128/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mi/county/lapeer/gen/ch13/earlyflint1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1888,<ref name="pba">{{cite web | url =http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mi/county/tuscola/book/800-803.htm | title =Hon. William A. Atwood | access-date =February 6, 2009 | year =1892 | work =1892 Portrait & Biographical Album of Genesee, Lapeer & Tuscola Counties, Chapman Bros. | pages =801–803 | archive-date =December 4, 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234736/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mi/county/tuscola/book/800-803.htm | url-status =dead }}</ref> 1929, 1974).<ref name="cc74">[http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Michigan/flint_mi/particharter/cityofflintmicharter City of Flint, Michigan Charter 1974] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302083842/http://www.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Michigan/flint_mi/particharter/cityofflintmicharter |date=March 2, 2010 }}.</ref> ===Law enforcement=== {{main|Crime in Flint, Michigan}} [[File:Flint Police.jpg|thumb|A Flint police vehicle]] Law enforcement in Flint is the responsibility of the [[Flint Police Department]], the [[Genesee County Sheriff's Office (Michigan)|Genesee County Sheriff's Office]], and the [[Michigan State Police]]. Flint has been consistently ranked as one of the [[List of United States cities by crime rate|most dangerous cities in the United States]] by multiple sources.<ref>[http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2011/05/24/the-most-dangerous-city-in-america/ The most dangerous city in America] ''Market Watch'' May 24, 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2012/04/forbes_magazine_ranks_flint_si.html Forbes Magazine ranks Flint sixth most dangerous city for women in the nation] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, April 27, 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/07/14/despite-recent-shootings-chicago-nowhere-near-u-s-murder-capital/ |title=Despite recent shootings, Chicago nowhere near U.S. 'murder capital' |last1=Desilver |first1=Drew |date=14 July 2014 |website=FactTank |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=28 August 2014 |quote=According to the FBI figures, Flint, Mich., had the highest murder rate of any sizeable U.S. city in 2012, the most recent year available. There were 62 murders per 100,000 population (which, coincidentally, was just about Flint's estimated population that year). }}</ref><ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/most-dangerous-cities-in-america-2013-6#1-flint-mich-25 The 25 Most Dangerous Cities In America] ''Business Insider'', June 13, 2013</ref> From 2007 to 2009, violent crime in Flint was ranked in the top five among U.S. cities with a population of at least 50,000 people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2010/09/fbi_statistics_show_flint_four.html |newspaper=[[Flint Journal]] |title=FBI statistics show Flint fourth most violent city in America |date=September 17, 2010 |author=David Harris|access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref> From 2010 to 2012, Flint ranked as the city with the highest violent crime rate among cities with over 100,000 population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2014/02/flint_loses_the_title_of_fbis.html|title=Flint no longer most violent city in America, according to new FBI crime stats|website=Mlive.com|date=February 19, 2014|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, ''[[CQ Press]]'' (using FBI statistics) ranked the crime index for Flint as seventh-highest in cities with population greater than 75,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.sagepub.com/sagestats/document.php?id=6373|title=Crime Rate Rankings (City): SAGE Stats|website=Data.sagepub.com|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915150519/http://data.sagepub.com/sagestats/document.php?id=6373|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018, the FBI reported Flint was ranked as America's sixth most violent city among those with population of 50,000 or more in 2017. Violent crimes were up 23% compared to 2016 according to the report.<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2018/09/flint_is_sixth_most_violent_ci.html Flint violent crime rate up 23 percent, new FBI stats show] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, September 24, 2018</ref> ===Politics=== Most politicians are affiliated with the Democratic party despite the city's elections being nonpartisan.<ref name="cc74"/> In 2006, Flint was the tenth most liberal city in the United States, according to a nationwide study by the non-partisan Bay Area Center for Voting Research, which examined the voting patterns of 237 cities with a population over 100,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/statesman/metro/081205libs.pdf |title=The Most Conservative and Liberal Cities in the United States |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720230956/http://alt.coxnewsweb.com/statesman/metro/081205libs.pdf |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city elected [[Karen Weaver]] as its first female mayor in 2015.<ref name=mlive>{{cite news | url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/11/karen_weaver_makes_history_ele_1.html | title=Karen Weaver makes history, elected Flint's first woman mayor | work=MLive.com | date=November 4, 2015 | access-date=January 19, 2016 | author=Fonger, Ron}}</ref> She was succeeded in 2020 by [[Sheldon Neeley]].<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/2019/11/sheldon-neeley-beats-karen-weaver-to-become-flints-new-mayor.html Sheldon Neeley beats Karen Weaver to become Flint's new mayor] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, November 5, 2019</ref> ==Education== [[File:Frances Willson Thompson Library University of Michigan.jpg|thumb|Frances Willson Thompson Library at the [[University of Michigan–Flint]]]] ===Colleges and universities=== * [[University of Michigan–Flint]] * [[Kettering University]] * [[Mott Community College]] * [[Michigan State University College of Human Medicine]] ===Primary and secondary schools=== Public K-12 education is provided under the umbrella of the [[Flint Community Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st26_mi/schooldistrict_maps/c26049_genesee/DC20SD_C26049.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Genesee County, MI|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2023-05-06}}</ref> Students attend ten elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school ([[Flint Southwestern Academy]]). The city's original high school, [[Flint Central High School]], was closed in 2009 because of a budget deficit and a lack of maintenance on the building by the Flint School District. The building, however, still stands. Flint Northern High School was converted to an alternative education school at the start of the 2013–14 school year and was closed later in 2014.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/03/four_flint_schools_to_be_close.html Four Flint schools to be closed, Flint Northern to become alternative school] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, March 13, 2013</ref> The state-run [[Michigan School for the Deaf]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deaftartars.com/about.cfm?subpage=231935 |title=Michigan School for the Deaf |publisher=Deaftartars.com |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703164353/http://www.deaftartars.com/about.cfm?subpage=231935 |archive-date=July 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> is located in Flint, and [[Michigan School for the Blind]] was previously there, having moved from Lansing in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msdb.k12.mi.us/history.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000822115714/http://www.msdb.k12.mi.us/history.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 22, 2000|title=HISTORY of MSD and Flint, Michigan|publisher=Michigan Schools for the Deaf and Blind|date=August 22, 2000|access-date=June 23, 2021}}</ref> The Catholic high school is Fr. Luke M. [[Powers Catholic High School]] which is part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing]] and serves the entire county. The school moved from its location just north of Flint in Mt. Morris Township in 2013 into the former Michigan School for the Deaf building off of Miller Road in Flint, which received a $22 million renovation.<ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2013/06/post_355.html Flint Powers Catholic High School students, alums, close chapter on old building, look forward to new home] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, June 13, 2013</ref> The Valley School is a small private K–12 school. Flint also has several charter schools. ===Libraries=== The [[Flint Public Library (Flint, Michigan)|Flint Public Library]] holds 454,645 books, 22,355 audio materials, 9,453 video materials, and 2,496 serial subscriptions. ==Media== [[File:Flint July 2018 25 (Michigan State University College of Human Medicine - Flint Journal Building).jpg|thumb|right|The former [[Flint Journal Building]], now used by the [[Michigan State University College of Human Medicine]]]] ===Print=== The county's largest newspaper is ''[[The Flint Journal]]'', which dates back to 1876. Effective June 2009 the paper ceased to be a daily publication, opting to publish on Thursdays, Fridays and Sundays. The move made Genesee County the largest county in the United States without a daily newspaper. The Flint Journal began publishing a Tuesday edition in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|author=Marjory Raymer |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2010/03/flint_journal_to_return_to_new.html |title=Flint Journal: "Flint Journal to return to Newsstands on Tuesdays starting March 23", 3/7/2010 |date=March 7, 2010 |publisher=Mlive.com |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> ''The East Village Magazine'' is a non-profit news magazine providing information about neighborhood issues since 1976. The monthly magazine centers on the East Village neighborhood, outside downtown Flint, but is distributed throughout the city. ''The Uncommon Sense'' was a monthly publication featuring investigative journalism, political analysis, satirical cartoons, and articles about Flint music, art, nightlife and culture; it stopped publishing in 2007.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} In January 2009, ''Uncommon Sense'' editors and contributors began publishing ''Broadside'', available exclusively in print. Its last issue was published in April 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-23 |title=Broadside: Flint's alternative newspaper |url=http://flintbroadside.com/about.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |archive-date=December 23, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223223503/http://flintbroadside.com/about.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> In early 2009 ''Flint Comix & Entertainment'' began circulating around college campuses, and local businesses. This monthly publication features local and nationally recognized comic artists, as well as editorials, and other news. Two quarterly magazines have appeared in recent years: ''Innovative Health Magazine''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.innovativehealthmagazine.com/ |title=Innovative Health Magazine homepage}}</ref> and ''Downtown Flint Revival Magazine''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.downtownflintrevival.com/ |title=Downtown Flint Revival Magazine homepage |access-date=February 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722020529/http://downtownflintrevival.com/ |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Debuting in 2008, ''Innovative Health'' highlights the medical advancements, health services and lifestyles happening in and around Genesee County, while ''Downtown Flint Revival'' reports on new developments, building renovations and the many businesses in the Downtown area. A new monthly magazine which began publishing in June 2013 is known as ''My City Magazine'' which highlights events, arts and culture in Genesee County.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mycitymag.com|title=My City Magazine}}</ref> Online news source FlintBeat.com was launched in 2017 by Flint-area native, Jiquanda Johnson. The hyper local news website focuses on Flint City Hall, solutions journalism and public health in addition to their work covering neighborhoods and telling community stories. University publications include [[University of Michigan–Flint]]'s student newspaper ''[[The Michigan Times]]'', [[Kettering University]]'s ''The Technician'' and the ''MCC Chronicle'', formerly the MCC Post, which is a monthly magazine from [[Mott Community College]]. ===Television=== [[WJRT-TV]] ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), formerly one of ten ABC [[Owned-and-operated station|owned-and-operated]] stations, is currently the only area station to operate from Flint. [[WSMH]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]) is licensed to Flint, but its programming originates from outside of Flint proper (the suburb Mt. Morris Township), [[WEYI-TV|WEYI]] ([[NBC]]), licensed to Saginaw, and [[WBSF]] ([[The CW Television Network|The CW]]), licensed to [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]], share studios with WSMH. Other stations outside the Flint area that serve the area include Saginaw-based [[WNEM-TV]] ([[CBS]]) (which has a news bureau in Downtown Flint), [[Delta College (Michigan)|Delta College]]'s [[WDCQ-TV]] (PBS), and Saginaw's [[WAQP]] ([[Tri-State Christian Television|TCT]]). ====TV stations==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- |[[Call sign]] |[[Virtual channel]] |Physical channel |[[City of license]] |[[Television network|Network]] |Branding |Owner<ref>{{cite news |title=Digital TV Market Listing for WJRT |url=https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=WJRT |access-date=March 27, 2020 |work=RabbitEars.Info}}</ref> |- |[[WNEM-TV]] |5 |30 |Bay City |CBS |TV 5 |[[Gray Television]] |- |[[WJRT-TV]] |12 |12 |Flint |ABC |ABC 12 |[[Entertainment Studios|Allen Media Broadcasting]] |- |[[WCMU-TV]] |14 |26 |Mount Pleasant |rowspan=2|PBS |CMU Public Television |[[Central Michigan University]] |- |[[WDCQ-TV]] |19 |15 |Bad Axe |Delta College Public Media |[[Delta College (Michigan)|Delta College]] |- |[[WEYI-TV]] |25 |18 |Saginaw |NBC |NBC 25 |[[Howard Stirk Holdings]] |- |[[WBSF]] |46 |23 |Bay City |The CW |CW 46 |[[Cunningham Broadcasting]] |- |[[WAQP]] |49 |36 |Saginaw |TCT |TCT |[[Tri-State Christian Television]] |- |[[WSMH]] |66 |16 |Flint |Fox |Fox 66 |[[Sinclair Broadcast Group]] |} ===Radio=== The Flint radio market has a rich history. WAMM-AM 1420 (started in 1955, now gospel station WFLT) on the city's eastside was one of the first stations in the country to program to the black community and was also where legendary DJ [[Casey Kasem]] had his first radio job.<ref>{{cite web |author=WFLT AM 1420 Flint |url=http://www.michiguide.com/dials/rad-d/wflt.html |title=WFLT AM 1420 Flint |publisher=Michiguide.com |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324075535/http://www.michiguide.com/dials/rad-d/wflt.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> WTAC-AM 600 (now religious station WSNL) was a highly rated and influential [[Top Forty|Top 40]] station in the 1960s and 1970s, showcasing Michigan artists and being the first in the U.S. to play acts like [[The Who]] and [[AC/DC]]. WTAC changed its format to country music in 1980 and then became a pioneering [[contemporary Christian]] music station a few years later; the calls are now on 89.7 FM, a member of the "[[Smile FM]]" network. WTRX-AM 1330 also played Top 40 music for a time in the 1960s and '70s. The city's first radio station, AM 910 [[WFDF (AM)|WFDF]], first went on the air in 1922. It has since relocated south into the Detroit market, changing its city of license to [[Farmington Hills]] and increasing its power to 50,000 watts. ====AM stations==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Frequency (kHz) !Callsign !City of license !Format !Branding !Owner |- |600 |[[WSNL]] |Flint |Christian |''Victory 600'' |Christian Broadcasting System |- |1160 |[[WCXI]] |[[Fenton, Michigan|Fenton]] |Talk/[[Oldies]] |WCXI |[[Birach Broadcasting]] |- |1330 |[[WTRX]] |rowspan=4|Flint |[[Sports radio|Sports]] |''Sports Xtra 1330'' |[[Cumulus Media]] |- |1420 |[[WFLT]] |[[Urban contemporary gospel|Urban Gospel]] |WFLT 1420 |Flint Evangelical Broadcasting Association |- |1470 |[[WFNT]] |News/talk |''Flint News Talk'' |[[Townsquare Media]] |- |1570 |[[WWCK (AM)|WWCK]] |[[Classic hits]] |K 107.3 |Cumulus Media |} ====FM stations==== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Frequency (MHz) !Callsign !City of license !Format !Branding !Owner |- |88.9 |[[WKVR (FM)|WKVR]] |Flint |[[Contemporary Christian music|Contemporary Christian]] |[[K-Love]] |[[Educational Media Foundation]] |- |89.7 |[[WTAC (FM)|WTAC]] |[[Burton, Michigan|Burton]]/Flint |[[Christian music|Christian]] |[[Smile FM Michigan Radio Network|Smile FM]] |Superior Communications |- |91.1 |[[WFUM]] |rowspan=3|Flint |[[Public radio|Public]] ([[All-news radio|News]]/[[Talk radio|Talk]]) |[[Michigan Radio]] |[[University of Michigan]] |- |92.1 |[[WFOV-LP]] |[[Variety (radio)|Variety]] ([[Adult Hits]]/Talk/[[Public affairs (broadcasting)|Public affairs]]) |''Our Voices Radio'' |Flint Odyssey House |- |92.7 |[[WDZZ]] |[[Urban Adult Contemporary]] |''Z 92.7'' |Cumulus Media |- |93.7 |[[WRCL]] |[[Frankenmuth, Michigan|Frankenmuth]] |[[Rhythmic contemporary|Rhythmic Contemporary Hits]] |''Club 93.7'' |Townsquare Media |- |94.3 |[[WKUF-LP]] | Flint |[[College radio|College]]/Variety |WKUF 94.3 | [[Kettering University]] |- |95.1 |[[WFBE]] |Flint |[[Country music|Country]] |B95 |Cumulus Media |- |97.3 |W247CG <br /><small>(simulcast of WTAC)</small> |[[Russellville, Michigan|Russellville]] |Christian |[[Smile FM Michigan Radio Network|Smile FM]] |Superior Communications |- |98.9 |[[WOWE]] |[[Vassar, Michigan|Vassar]] |[[Urban Contemporary]] |''98.9 The Beat'' |Praestantia Broadcasting |- |100.1 |W261BH <br /><small>(simulcast of WKVR)</small> |Flint |Contemporary Christian |[[K-Love]] |Educational Media Foundation |- |101.5 |[[WWBN]] |[[Tuscola Township, Michigan#Communities|Tuscola]]/Flint |[[Mainstream Rock]] |''Banana 101.5'' |Townsquare Media |- |102.1 |[[WFAH-LP]] |Flint |Variety |WFAH 102.1 FM |Greater Flint Arts Council |- |103.1 |[[WQUS]] |[[Lapeer, Michigan|Lapeer]]/Flint |rowspan=2|[[Classic rock]] |''US 103.1'' |Townsquare Media |- | 103.9 |[[WRSR]] |[[Owosso, Michigan|Owosso]]/Flint |''103.9 The Fox'' |Krol Communications |- |104.7 |[[WMRP-LP]] |[[Mundy Township, Michigan|Mundy Township]] |[[Christian country music|Positive Country]] |''104.7 WMRP'' |Swartz Creek Radio |- |105.5 |[[WWCK-FM]] |Flint |[[Contemporary hit radio|Mainstream Contemporary Hits]] |''CK 105.5'' |Cumulus Media |- |106.3 |W292DA <br /><small>(simulcast of WKVR)</small> |[[Linden, Michigan|Linden]] |Contemporary Christian |[[K-Love]] |Educational Media Foundation |- |106.5 |W293CA <br /><small>(simulcast of [[WSNL]])</small> |rowspan=3|Flint |Christian |''Victory 600'' |Christian Broadcasting System |- |107.3 |W297CG<br /><small>(simulcast of [[WWCK (AM)|WWCK]])</small> |Classic hits |K 107.3 |Cumulus Media |- |107.9 |[[WCRZ]] |[[Adult Contemporary]] |''Cars 108'' |Townsquare Media |} ==Infrastructure== [[File:Flint July 2018 29 (MTA Transit Center).jpg|thumb|[[Mass Transportation Authority (Flint)|MTA Transit Center]]]] ===Bus lines=== The city of Flint is served by various bus lines. For travel within and around the city, the [[Mass Transportation Authority (Flint)|Flint Mass Transportation Authority]] (MTA) provides local bus services. [[Indian Trails]] provides inter-city bus service north to [[Saint Ignace]], through [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and south to [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]], [[Southfield, Michigan|Southfield]], and [[Detroit]], and runs services west to [[Chicago]]. MTA's main hub is in Downtown Flint, while the Indian Trails station is co-located at the [[Flint station (Michigan)|Flint Amtrak station]] on [[M-54 (Michigan highway)|Dort Highway]], just north of I-69. ===Major highways=== * {{jct|state=MI|I|69}} runs east and west through Flint. * {{jct|state=MI|I|75|US|23}} runs north and south through the southwestern part of the city near the [[General Motors]] [[Flint Truck Assembly|Flint Assembly]] complex and [[Bishop International Airport]]. * {{jct|state=MI|I|475}} runs north and south through Flint. * {{jct|state=MI|M|21}} (also known as Corunna Road and Court Street) runs nearly due east and west through Flint, west of I-475 * {{jct|state=MI|M|54}}, also known as Dort Highway after Flint automotive pioneer [[Josiah Dallas Dort]], runs north and south through the eastern part of the city. ===Railroads=== {{See also|Flint station (Michigan)}} [[Amtrak]] provides intercity passenger rail service on the ''[[Michigan Services|Blue Water]]'' line from Chicago to [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] at the border to Canada. The Amtrak station is located on [[M-54 (Michigan highway)|Dort Highway]], just north of I-69. The station was built in 1989 and replaced an earlier [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad]] (GTW) station closer to downtown. [[Canadian National Railway]] (GTW's successor) and [[Lake State Railway]] provide freight service to Flint, with CN operating from Bristol Yard on the western side of the city and LSRC operating from the former [[CSX Transportation]] McGrew Yard to the north. While CSX ceded control of their former [[CSX Saginaw Subdivision|Saginaw Subdivision]] north of [[Plymouth, Michigan|Plymouth]] to LSRC in 2019, they continue to operate trackage rights trains over CN from Flint to Port Huron several times per week as of 2020.<ref>[http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/02/26-lake-state-railway-to-lease-53-miles-of-csx-track-in-michigan Lake State Railway to lease 53 miles of CSX track in Michigan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603200125/https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2019/02/26-lake-state-railway-to-lease-53-miles-of-csx-track-in-michigan |date=June 3, 2020 }} ''Trains'', February 26, 2019</ref> Into the late 1940s, the [[Pere Marquette Railway]] operated daily passenger trains through a separate station {{frac|1|1|4}} miles away, with trains heading north to [[Saginaw]] and [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and south to [[Detroit]]'s [[Fort Street Union Depot]].<ref>''Official Guide of the Railways,'' May 1946, Pere Marquette section; p.1331</ref> ===Airports=== Flint is served by three passenger and two cargo airlines at [[Bishop International Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bishopairport.org/ |title=Flint Bishop International Airport |publisher=Bishopairport.org |access-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref> It is located on Bristol Road between I-75 and I-69. [[Dalton Airport (Michigan)|Dalton Airport]], a public use airport near [[Flushing, Michigan|Flushing]], also serves small, privately owned planes. Price's Airport in [[Linden, Michigan|Linden]] serves the same purpose. [[File:Ambulance Flint City.jpg|thumb|A Stat EMS ambulance, one of several private companies that serves the city.]] ===Healthcare=== * [[Hurley Medical Center]] * [[McLaren Regional Medical Center]] * Flint once had two other full service hospitals: St. Joseph's Hospital and Flint Osteopathic Hospital (FOH). In 1988, HealthSource Group, the parent company of FOH, became affiliated with St. Joseph Health Systems.<ref name="genesys.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.genesys.org/GRMCWeb.nsf/0/2F1A03AE66D37C0C852573840067B2CE?open |title=The Genesys Story - Genesys Health System | Grand Blanc, MI | USA |access-date=November 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115181837/http://www.genesys.org/GRMCWeb.nsf/0/2F1A03AE66D37C0C852573840067B2CE?open |archive-date=January 15, 2016 }}</ref> In 1992, St. Joseph Health Systems changed its name to Genesys Health System and the names of its four hospitals to Genesys Regional Medical Center (GRMC).<ref name="genesys.org"/> On February 15, 1997, all the former GHS hospitals were consolidated into one hospital at Genesys Regional Medical Center at Health Park in suburban [[Grand Blanc Township, Michigan|Grand Blanc Township]] (now owned by [[Ascension Health]] who later changed its name to Ascension Genesys Hospital)<ref name="genesys.org"/> and Flint Osteopathic Hospital was razed during the Spring/Summer of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc12.com/home/headlines/Old-Flint-Osteopathic-Hospital-is-being-demolished-301746501.html|title=Old Flint Osteopathic Hospital is being demolished|first=Natalie|last=Zarowny|access-date=September 21, 2015|archive-date=October 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004022729/http://www.abc12.com/home/headlines/Old-Flint-Osteopathic-Hospital-is-being-demolished-301746501.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sister cities== {{SisterCities|Flint|four}} * [[Changchun|Changchun, Jilin]], China * [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada<ref name=FLINTMICH>{{cite web| title = About Sister Cities of Flint Michigan| url=http://www.visitflint.org/sistercities/About_Sister_Cities_of_Flint.htm| access-date =January 25, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071019150808/http://www.visitflint.org/sistercities/About_Sister_Cities_of_Flint.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = October 19, 2007}}</ref> * [[Kielce|Kielce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship]], Poland * [[Tolyatti|Tolyatti, Samara Oblast]], Russia ==Books== The following notable books are set in Flint or relate to the city. Fiction * ''[[The Watsons Go to Birmingham - 1963]]'' by [[Christopher Paul Curtis]] * ''[[Bud, Not Buddy]]'' by Christopher Paul Curtis * ''[[Elijah of Buxton]]'' by Christopher Paul Curtis * ''[[The Mighty Miss Malone]]'' by Christopher Paul Curtis * ''[[Daddy Cool (novel)|Daddy Cool]]'' by [[Donald Goines]] *''The Ghosts of Flint'' by Anna Lardinois Non-Fiction * ''What the Eyes Don't See'' by [[Mona Hanna-Attisha|Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha]] * ''Hanging On'' by [[Edmund G. Love]] * ''Teardown: Memoir of a Vanishing City'' by [[Gordon Young (journalist)|Gordon Young]] * ''The Poisoned City: Flint's Water and Urban Tragedy'' by Anna Clark *''Haunted Flint'' by Roxanne Rhoades and Joe Shipping * ''Rivethead: Tales from the Assembly Line'' by [[Ben Hamper]] ==Music== [[File:Grand Funk Railroad Bridge, Flint, Michigan.jpg|150px|right|thumb|A railroad bridge in Flint re-painted to show the name of rock band [[Grand Funk Railroad]], which was formed in the city in 1969.]]Flint is currently home to an emerging rap scene, pioneered by artists like Rio Da Yung OG, [[Bfb Da Packman]], and [[YN Jay]]. Flint rap, greatly influenced by [[Detroit drill]], is characterized by bouncy drums, menacing melodic elements, and commonly a [[Tresillo (rhythm)|tresillo]] rhythm in the 808.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ketchum |first=William |date=July 27, 2023 |title=How Detroit and Flint became havens for rap dark horses |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/27/1189985872/hip-hop-50-detroit-flint |website=NPR}}</ref> Many artists use a laidback, almost non-chalant, vocal delivery. Flint rappers have grown notoriety for their outlandish, vulgar, and often comical lyrics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-08 |title=A guide to the Flint, Michigan rap scene |url=https://theface.com/music/flint-rap-michigan-rio-da-young-og-lil-yachty-bfb-da-packman-yn-jay-detriot-scene |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Face |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Flint is the subject of the [[Sufjan Stevens]] song "Flint (For the Unemployed and Underpaid)" featured on his album [[Michigan (album)|Michigan]]. * Flint is the main focus for music group [[King 810]] crediting it as “Murder Town” and their life growing up during the increase of crime rates during the 2000s. Also creating the songs “Crow's Feet” and “We Gotta Help Ourselves” to raise money toward the current water crisis happening in the city * Flint was home to [[MC Breed]], the first commercially successful rapper to come from the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]. * Flint was where [[Grand Funk Railroad]], an American rock band formed in 1969. *Kansas City rapper Tech N9ne mentioned its water problems in his song "Poisoning the well" *Flint is likely the subject of "Near DT, MI" by the English rock band [[Black Midi]]. *Flint is the hometown of the award-winning Pop/RnB group [[Ready For The World]]. *Flint is the hometown of [[shoegaze]] band [[Greet Death]]. ==Film and television== The following films and television shows have taken place or were filmed in Flint. ===Television=== *''[[Nash Bridges]]'' (1996-2001 In one of the last episodes of the show the character Michelle jokes to a man soon to be sent to live in Flint through the witness protection program that the city is similar to Paris. The man, from a foreign country, does not realize she is joking and is looking forward to his arrival in Flint. * ''[[The Fitzpatricks]]'' (1977–78) was a short-lived CBS TV drama about an [[Irish Catholic]] working-class family living in Flint. The show was filmed in Hollywood, but set in Flint. Also, the families were portrayed as steelworkers, not autoworkers. * ''[[Flint Town]]'' (2018) a [[Netflix]] documentary about the struggling urban areas of the city.<ref name="lati_'Fli">{{Cite web| title = 'Flint Town' examines the trials and tribulations, but also the beauty, of the Michigan city| last = Lloyd | first = Robert| work = Los Angeles Times| date =March 1, 2018| access-date=March 3, 2018| url = http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-flint-town-review-20180301-story.html}}</ref> * ''[[TV Nation]]'' (1994–1995) was the debut TV series by Michael Moore. Numerous segments were filmed in and around Flint, including one where Moore uses declassified information to find the exact impact point from the nuclear [[ICBM]] that targeted the city ([[ground zero]] was Chevrolet Assembly, one of the [[General Motors]] plants at Bluff & Cadillac Streets). Moore then went to [[Kazakhstan]] to try to redirect the ICBM away from Flint. * ''[[The Awful Truth (TV series)|The Awful Truth]]'' (1999–2000) was Michael Moore's second TV show. It featured segments from Flint. * The [[Flint Police Department]] has appeared in the 31st season of the reality show ''[[Cops (TV series)|Cops]]'', airing in the summer of 2018 and winter of 2019.<ref>[https://nbc25news.com/news/local/flint-pd-featured-on-cops Flint PD featured on network series COPS] NBC25 (WEYI-TV)]</ref> * Flint Police also appeared in a 2015 episode on [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]]'s ''[[Cold Justice: Sex Crimes]]'', which paid to test old rape kits that resulted in convictions of three people for [[Sexual assault|criminal sexual conduct]].<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/08/three_men_charged_in_flint_cas.html 'Cold Justice: Sex Crimes' TV show results in charges against Flint trio] ''The Flint Journal'' via MLive.com, August 25, 2015</ref> ===Movies=== * ''[[To Touch a Child]]'' (1962) A look into Community Schools, a concept pioneered by Charles Stewart Mott and spread throughout the United States. * ''[[With Babies and Banners: Story of the Women's Emergency Brigade]]'' (1979) Documentary about the women of the [[Flint Sit-Down Strike]]. * ''[[Roger & Me]]'' (1989) [[Michael Moore]] documentary about the economic depression in the Flint area caused by the closure of several General Motors factories in the late 1980s. * ''[[Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint]]'' (1992) Follow-up of ''Roger & Me''. * ''[[The Big One (film)|The Big One]]'' (1998) Documentary film Moore urges [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] to consider building a shoe factory in Flint. Moore succeeds in convincing Nike CEO [[Philip Knight]] to match his offer to donate money to [[Buell Elementary School]], which would eventually become the locale of the infamous [[Kayla Rolland]] shooting. * ''[[Shattered Faith (film)|Shattered Faith]]'' (2001) Independent (Fifth Sun Productions) written and directed by Flint native Stephen Vincent. Movie was filmed in Flint. Cast was made mostly of Flint residents but did feature [[Joe Estevez]]. Vincent's multi-year project debuted September 20, 2001 and was released directly to DVD.<ref>[http://fifthsunfilms.com/ Shattered Faith] Fifth Sun Films</ref> * ''[[Bowling for Columbine]]'' (2002) Moore's take on the gun industry also profiles the shooting of [[Kayla Rolland]]. * ''[[Chameleon Street]]'' (1990) Wendell B. Harris Jr.'s story of famed con man Douglas Street. Winner of Grand Jury Prize at Sundance. * ''[[The Real Blair Witch]]'' (2003) Documentary about group of Flint teenagers kidnapping and terrorizing a fellow student. * ''[[The Michigan Independent]]'' (2004) Documentary film about the Michigan independent music community. Many segments were shot in Flint, particularly at the [[Flint Local 432]]. * ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' (2004) Moore takes on the [[George W. Bush administration]]. Moore filmed students from Flint Southwestern Academy. Filmed Marine recruiters at Courtland Center and references [[Genesee Valley Center]] as a mall for more wealthy citizens, "The rich mall in the suburbs." However, Courtland Center is in [[Burton, Michigan|Burton]], also a Flint suburb. * ''[[Michael Moore Hates America]]'' (2004) Filmmaker [[Mike Wilson (filmmaker)|Mike Wilson]] travels to Flint to document small businesses and other development efforts in the city, and compares it to the depictions of the city in Moore's documentaries. * ''[[Flintown Kids]]'' (2005) Documentary film about violence in Flint. * ''[[Semi-Pro]]'' (2008) [[Will Ferrell]] movie which centers around a fictitious 1970s ABA basketball team, the Flint Tropics. It was partially filmed in Flint. * ''[[Capitalism: A Love Story]]'' (2009) A Michael Moore documentary about the negative impacts capitalism can have on people and communities. * ''[[The Ides of March]]'' (2011) A feature film starring Ryan Gosling and George Clooney. Certain scenes were shot around downtown Flint, near the Capitol Theatre and the alley around it. * ''[[Minor League]]'' (2011) A feature film starring Robert Miano, music artist Bone Crusher, Dustin Diamond, and Brad Leo Lyon. Numerous scenes were shot around Flint, including Atwood Stadium where the story's central Football team played their games. * ''[[Little Creeps]]'' (2012) A feature film starring Joe Estevez, Dustin Diamond and Lark Voorhees of Saved By the Bell fame (Screech and Lisa respectively), Jake the Snake Roberts, Brad Leo Lyon, and Robert Z'Dar. Restaurant and nightclub scenes were shot at locations in Flint. * ''[[The Watsons go to Birmingham, 1963]]'' (2013) A movie about an African-American family who go towards Birmingham, Alabama, during the darkest moments of the civil rights movement, to teach the oldest child of the family that life isn't a joke. First half of the movie was filmed in Flint. * ''[[Thursday the 12th]]'' (2017) A feature film starring Jenna Simms, Brad Leo Lyon, Marilyn Ghigliotti, and Brian Sutherland. Approximately half of this film was shot in Flint, Michigan while the rest of the movie wrapped in Jackson, Michigan and Savannah, Georgia. * ''Don't Drink the Water'' (2017) A Brad Leo Lyon documentary film about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan and other communities. * ''[[Fahrenheit 11/9]]'' (2018) Michael Moore takes on the presidential election campaign of 2016, the victory of Donald Trump, the reasons behind the failure of the Democrats to win middle America. The Flint water crisis and the role of both political parties in creating and sustaining the crisis is highlighted. *''Life in Flint'', a 2018 documentary with testimonials from numerous residents about the positive aspects of the city. ==Notable people== {{See also|List of people from Flint, Michigan}} ==See also== {{Portal|Michigan|Cities}} * [[Back to the Bricks]] * [[Citizens Republic Bancorp]] * [[History of General Motors]] * [[USS Flint|USS ''Flint'']], 3 ships ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Gilman, Theodore J. ''No Miracles Here: Fighting Urban Decline in Japan and the United States.'' Albany, NY: [[State University of New York Press]], 2001. * Highsmith, Andrew R. ''Demolition Means Progress: Flint, Michigan, and the Fate of the American Metropolis.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. ==External links== {{sister project links|d=Q490584|c=category:Flint, Michigan|voy=Flint|v=no|b=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|q=no|species=no}} * {{Official website}} * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Michigan/Localities/F/Flint/}} * ''[http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Flin Tocqueville in Flint]'' – Segment from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[Alexis de Tocqueville Tour]]'' * [http://www.takenoprisoners.info/ Flint Underground Music Archive] * {{Cite NSRW|short=x|wstitle=Flint, Mich.}} {{Flint, Michigan}} {{Geographic Location |title = '''Destinations from Flint''' |Northwest = [[Flushing, Michigan|Flushing]], [[Mount Pleasant, Michigan|Mt. Pleasant]], [[Traverse City]] |North = [[Saginaw]], [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]], [[Mackinaw City]] |West = [[Swartz Creek]], [[Lansing]], [[Grand Rapids]] |Center = Flint |East = [[Davison, Michigan|Davison]], [[Lapeer, Michigan|Lapeer]], [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] |Southwest = [[Kalamazoo]], [[Benton Harbor]], [[Chicago]] |South = [[Fenton, Michigan|Fenton]], [[Ann Arbor]], [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] |Southeast = [[Grand Blanc]], [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]], [[Detroit]] }} {{Genesee County, Michigan}} {{Central Michigan}} {{Michigan}} {{Great Lakes Megalopolis}} {{Michigan county seats}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Flint, Michigan| ]] [[Category:Cities in Genesee County, Michigan]] [[Category:County seats in Michigan]] [[Category:Michigan Neighborhood Enterprise Zone]] [[Category:Urban decay in the United States]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1819]] [[Category:1819 in Michigan Territory]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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