Elisha

{{Short description|Prophet and wonder-worker in the Hebrew Bible}}
{{about|the prophet|others with the same given name|Elisha (given name)|the Nigerian model, beauty queen and fashion designer|Maryam Elisha}}
{{distinguish|Elijah|Elishah|Aisha}}
{{Primary sources|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = 
| name               = Elisha
| birth_date         = {{c.|910 BCE}}
| death_date         = {{c.|800 BCE}}
| honorific_suffix   = Prophet
| image              = ElishaRaisingShunammitesSon.jpg
| imagesize          = 220px
| caption            = [[Raising of the son of the woman of Shunem|Elisha raising the Shunammite's son]], early 1900s Bible Card illustration
| birth_place        = 
| death_place        = [[Samaria]]
}}

'''Elisha''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|l|aɪ|ʃ|ə}};<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Elisha|encyclopedia=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|first=John C.|last= Wells|publisher=Longman|location=Harlow, England|year=1990|isbn=0-582-05383-8|page=239}}</ref> {{Hebrew Name|אֱלִישָׁע|ʼElīšaʻ|ʼĔlīšāʻ|'My [[Elohim|God]] is salvation'}} or 'God is my salvation'; [[Koine Greek]]: Ἐλισ[σ]αῖος ''Elis[s]aîos'' or Ἐλισαιέ ''Elisaié''; {{lang-la|Eliseus}}) was, according to the [[Hebrew Bible]], a [[prophet]] and a [[Thaumaturgy|wonder-worker]]. His name is commonly transliterated into [[English language|English]] as '''Elisha''' via [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], '''Eliseus''' via [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]], or '''Alyasa''' via [[Arabic]], and '''Elyasa''' or '''Elyesa''' via [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. Also mentioned in the [[New Testament]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:27}} "And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet. Yet not one of them was cleansed—only Naaman the Syrian."</ref> and the [[Quran]],{{Cite Quran|6|86|expand=no}}{{Cite Quran|38|48|expand=no}} Elisha is venerated as a prophet in [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]] and writings of the [[Bahá'í Faith]] refer to him by name.<ref>''Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahái̓́ Theology'', Volume 8. p. 32. Jack McLean. 1997.</ref>

Before he settled in [[Samaria]], Elisha passed some time on [[Mount Carmel]].<ref name=duffy/> He served from 892 until 832 BCE as an advisor to the [[Asa of Judah|third]] through the [[Jehoash of Judah|eighth]] kings of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]], holding the office of "prophet in Israel". He is called a patriot because of his help to soldiers and kings.<ref name="autogenerated1996"/>

In the biblical narrative, he is a disciple and protégé of [[Elijah]], and after Elijah was taken up in a whirlwind, Elisha received a double portion of his power and he was accepted as the leader of the sons of the prophets. Elisha then went on to perform twice as many miracles as Elijah.

==Bible stories==
[[File:Palestine in the times of Elijah and Elisha (Smith, 1915).jpg|thumb|Map of Palestine during the times of Elisha.]]

===Anointing===
Elisha's story is related in the [[Books of Kings]] (Second Scroll, chapters 2–14) in the [[Hebrew Bible]] (part of the [[Nevi'im]]). According to this story, he was a prophet and a wonder-worker of the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]] who was active during the reigns of [[Jehoram of Israel|Joram]], [[Jehu]], [[Jehoahaz of Israel|Jehoahaz]], and [[Jehoash of Israel|Jehoash]] (Joash).<ref name="autogenerated1996">Achtemeijer, Paul L. ed., and Dennis R. Bratcher, Ph.D. "Elisha." HarperCollins Bible Dictionary. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.</ref> Elisha was the son of [[Shaphat]], a wealthy land-owner of [[Abel-meholah]]; he became the attendant and disciple of Elijah.<ref name=je>{{cite web|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5682-elisha|title="Elisha", ''Jewish Encyclopedia''}}</ref>

His name first occurs in chapter 19 of the Books of Kings in the command given to Elijah to [[Anointing|anoint]] him as his successor. After learning in the [[Cave of Elijah|cave]] on [[Mount Horeb]], that Elisha, the son of Shaphat, had been selected by [[Yahweh]] as his successor in the prophetic office, Elijah set out to find him. On his way from Mount Horeb to [[Damascus]], Elijah found Elisha ploughing with twelve yokes of oxen.<ref name=Basilica>[https://www.nationalshrine.org/blog/biblical-figures-elisha-miracle-worker/ "Biblical Figures: Elisha, Miracle Worker", Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, February 1, 2021]</ref> Elijah went over to him, threw his [[Mantle (clothing)|mantle]] over Elisha's shoulders, investing him with the prophetic office.<ref name=je/> Elisha delayed only long enough to kill the yoke of oxen, whose flesh he boiled with the wood of his plough. After he had shared this farewell repast with his father, mother, and friends, the newly chosen prophet "went after Elijah, and ministered unto him".<ref name=dothie>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reQEAAAAQAAJ|title=Dothie, William Plaskett. ''The history of the prophet Elisha''|last1=Dothie|first1=William Plaskett|year=1872}}</ref> Elisha became Elijah's close attendant until Elijah was taken up into [[heaven]], although no details of Elisha are given during those years.

===Elijah taken in the whirlwind===
[[File:Jericho - Elisha's Fountain1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|
[[Ein es-Sultan]] in Jericho (also known as "Elisha's Spring"), believed to be the fountain purified by Elisha in [[2 Kings 2]]:19–22, now inside a protective building.]]

Elisha accompanied Elijah to [[Jericho]], where according to 2 Kings 2:3–9,<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|2:3–9|HE}}</ref> "the sons of the prophets" tell Elisha that the {{Lord}} would "will take away thy master from thy head to-day".

Elijah and Elisha went to the [[Jordan River]]. Elijah rolls up his mantle and strikes the water,<ref>{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|2:8|HE}}</ref> the waters of which divided so as to permit both to pass over on dry ground. Elisha asks to "inherit a double-portion" of Elijah's spirit. Suddenly, a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and Elijah was lifted up in a whirlwind. As Elijah was lifted up, his mantle fell to the ground and Elisha picked it up.

Some scholars see this as indicative of the property inheritance customs of the time, where the oldest son received twice as much of the father's inheritance as each of the younger sons. In this interpretation Elisha is asking that he may be seen as the "rightful heir" and successor to Elijah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rabatchurch.org/sermons/asking-for-a-double-portion|title=Wald, Jack, "Asking for a double share", Rabat International Church, November 2, 2003}}</ref> Critics of this view point out that Elisha was already appointed as Elijah's successor earlier in the narrative and that Elisha is described as performing twice as many miracles as Elijah. In this interpretation the "double-portion" is not merely an allusion to primacy in succession, but is instead a request for greater prophetic power even than Elijah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gospel.org.nz/index.php/articles/articles-by-rodney/230-the-prophetic-double-anointing|last=Francis|first=RW|title=The Prophetic Double Anointing|work=The Gospel Faith Messenger|publisher=gospel.org.nz}}</ref>

=== Miracles ===
[[Image:ElijahRefusingGifts PieterDeGrebber.jpg|left|thumb|''Elisha Refusing the Gifts of [[Naaman]]'', by [[Pieter de Grebber]] 1630]]

By means of the mantle left to fall from Elijah, Elisha miraculously recrossed the Jordan and returned to Jericho, where he won the gratitude of the people by purifying the unwholesome waters of their spring and making them drinkable.<ref name=ocarm/>

When the armies of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]], Israel and [[Edom]], then allied against [[Mesha]], the [[Moab]]ite king, were being tortured by drought in the [[Edom|Idumea]]n desert, Elisha consented to intervene. His double prediction regarding relief from drought and victory over the Moabites was fulfilled on the following morning.<ref name=je/>

When a group of boys (or youths){{efn|Hebrew {{transliteration|hbo|na'ar}}, translated 'youths' in the [[New International Version]]. The ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'' entry on [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5682-elisha Elisha] states, "The offenders were not children, but were called so ({{transliteration|hbo|"ne'arim"}}) because they lacked ({{transliteration|hbo|"meno'arim"}}) all religion ([[Soṭah]] 46b)." Although the [[Authorized King James Version]] used the words "little children", theologian [[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]] stated in his [http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/2-kings-2-23.html ''Exposition of the Bible''] that the word was "used of persons of thirty or forty years of age".}} from Bethel taunted the prophet for his baldness, Elisha cursed them in the name of [[Yahweh]] and two female bears came out of the forest and tore forty-two of the boys.<ref name=duffy>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Duffy|first=D|year=1909|title=Eliseus|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05386c.htm|encyclopedia=[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]|volume=5|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|access-date=7 January 2014}}</ref>

To relieve a prophet's widow importuned by a harsh creditor, Elisha multiplied a little oil as to enable her not only to pay her debt but to provide for her family needs.<ref>Zucker, David J., "Elijah and Elisha" Part II, ''Jewish Bible Quarterly'', vol.41, no.1, 2013</ref> Jewish tradition identifies the widow's husband as [[Obadiah (1 Kings)|Obadiah]], the servant of [[King Ahab]], who hid 100 prophets of Yahweh in two caves.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Kings|18:3–16|NKJV}}; cf. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_kings/4-1.htm Pulpit Commentary on 2 Kings 4], accessed 22 December 2017</ref>

According to the first [[Books of Kings|Book of Kings]], Elijah resuscitated [[Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath|a Phoenician boy]] in the city of [[Sarepta|Zarephath]].<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Kings|17}}</ref> In the second Book of Kings, Elisha obtained for [[Woman of Shunem|a rich lady of Shunem]] the birth of a son. When the child died some years later, Elisha successfully [[Raising of the son of the woman of Shunem|resuscitated the child]].<ref name=oca/>

[[File:096.A Famine in Samaria.jpg|thumb|''A Famine in Samaria'' (illustration by [[Gustave Doré]] from the 1866 {{lang|fr|La Sainte Bible}})]]

To nourish the sons of the prophets pressed by famine, Elisha changed a pottage made from poisonous [[gourd]]s into wholesome food.<ref name=ocarm/> He fed a hundred men with twenty loaves of new [[barley]], leaving some leftover,<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|4:42–44|HE}}</ref> in a story which is comparable with the [[Feeding of the multitude|miracles of Jesus]] in the [[New Testament]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|14:15–21}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|15:32–38}}, {{bibleverse|John|6:5–14}}</ref>

Elisha cured the Syrian military commander [[Naaman]] of [[leprosy]] but punished his own servant [[Gehazi]], who took money from Naaman.<ref name=oca>{{cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/14/101718-prophet-elisha|title=Elisha|publisher=Orthodox Church in America}}</ref> Naaman, at first reluctant, obeyed Elisha, and washed seven times in the [[River Jordan]]. Finding his flesh "restored like the flesh of a little child", the general was so impressed by this evidence of God's power, and by the disinterestedness of his prophet, as to express his deep conviction that "there is no other God in all the earth, but only in Israel."<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|5:15}}</ref> Elisha allowed Naaman to continue in the service of the Syrian king and therefore be present in the worship of [[Rimmon]] in the Syrian temple. According to the [[Gospel of Luke]], [[Jesus]] referred to Naaman's healing when he said, "And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet: and none of them was cleansed but Naaman the Syrian."<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:27|KJV}}</ref>

Elisha's actions included repeatedly saving King [[Jehoram of Israel]] from the ambushes planned by [[Hadadezer|Benhadad]],<ref name=duffy/> ordering the elders to shut the door against the messenger of Israel's ungrateful king,<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|6:25–32|HE}}</ref> bewildering with a strange blindness the soldiers of the Syrian king,<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|6:13–23|HE}}</ref> making iron float to relieve from embarrassment a son of a prophet,<ref name=ocarm>{{cite web|url=http://ocarm.org/en/content/liturgy/st-elisha-prophet-m|title=Eliseus|publisher=the Order of Carmelites|access-date=2014-01-07|archive-date=2020-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526202542/http://ocarm.org/en/content/liturgy/st-elisha-prophet-m|url-status=dead}}</ref> and confidently predicting the sudden flight of the enemy at the siege of Samaria and the consequent cessation of the famine in the city,<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|7:1–20|HE}}</ref>

Elisha then journeyed to Damascus and prophesied that [[Hazael]] would be king over Syria.<ref name=Basilica/> Elisha directs one of the sons of the prophets to anoint Jehu, the son of [[Jehoshaphat (father of Jehu)|Jehoshaphat]], as king of Israel, and commissions him to cut off the house of Ahab.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elisha "Elisha". ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 1 December 2023]</ref> The death of Jehoram, pierced by an arrow from Jehu's bow, the end of [[Jezebel]],<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|9:30–34}}</ref> and the slaughter of Ahab's seventy sons, proved how he executed that demand.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|9:11–10:30|HE}}</ref>

===Elisha's final days===
[[File:The Miracle at the Grave of Elisha by Jan Nagel (d 1602).jpg|thumb|The miracle at the grave of Elisha. ([[Jan Nagel (painter)|Jan Nagel]], 1596)]]

While Elisha lay on his death-bed in his own house, [[Jehoash of Israel]], the grandson of Jehu, came to mourn over his approaching departure, and uttered the same words as those of Elisha when Elijah was taken away, indicating his value to him: "My father, my father! the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof".<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|2:12|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|2 Kings|13:14|KJV}}</ref> Jehoash assists Elisha to fire an arrow eastwards from the window of his room, predicting as it lands:

{{blockquote|The arrow of the Lord's deliverance and the arrow of deliverance from Syria; for you must strike the Syrians at [[Aphek (biblical)|Aphek]] till you have destroyed them.<ref>{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|13:17|NKJV}}</ref>}}

Elisha predicted three successful battles over the Arameans, but no absolute victory.<ref name=Basilica/> {{Bibleverse |2 Kings |13:25}} records three victories of Joash whereby cities lost to the Arameans, probably on the [[Cisjordan|west bank]] of the Jordan, were regained.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/13.htm Pulpit Commentary on 2 Kings 13], accessed 9 January 2018</ref>

According to the Books of Kings the year after Elisha's death and burial (or, in the following spring) a body was placed in his grave. As soon as the body touched Elisha's remains the man "revived and stood up on his feet".<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Kings|13:20–21|HE}}</ref>

== Veneration ==
[[File:Elishawidowandson.JPG|thumb|left|''Elisha raises the Shunamite woman's son'', woodcut by Julius von Carolsfeld (1794–1872)]]

Elisha is [[veneration|venerated]] as a [[saint]] in a number of Christian churches. His [[Calendar of saints|feast day]] is on June 14, on the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] [[Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar|liturgical calendars]] (for those churches which use the traditional [[Julian calendar]], June 14 falls on June 27 of the modern [[Gregorian calendar]]). The [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] commemorates his feast day on the Thursday following the fifth Sunday after [[Pentecost]] (July 1 in 2021).<ref>''Domar: the calendrical and liturgical cycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church'', Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Institute, 2003, p. 446.</ref> [[John of Damascus]] composed a [[Canon (hymnography)|canon]] in honor of Elisha, and a church was built at [[Constantinople]] in his honor.

In [[Western Christianity]] Elisha is commemorated in the calendar of saints of the [[Carmelites]], a [[Catholic religious order]],<ref>[http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/carmelite_calendar.html Carmelite Calendar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713102022/http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/carmelite_calendar.html|date=July 13, 2007}}</ref> following a decree of the Carmelite [[Chapter (religion)#General chapter|General Chapter]] of 1399.<ref name=ocarm /> He is also commemorated as a prophet in the [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Calendar of Saints]] of the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]]. Both calendars also celebrate him on June 14. Both the Orthodox and Roman Catholics believe that he was unmarried and celibate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stignatiusreading.org/Apologetics/answersindepth/Celibate_Jesus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728055728/http://www.stignatiusreading.org/Apologetics/answersindepth/Celibate_Jesus.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-07-28|title=Jesus was never married|author=Paul L. Rothermel|date=2010-08-19|work=Answers In-Depth to Questions about Christianity|publisher=St. Ignatius reading }}</ref>

[[Julian the Apostate]] (361–363) gave orders to burn the [[relic]]s of the prophets Elisha, [[Obadiah]] and [[John the Baptist]], who were buried next to each other in [[Sebastia, Nablus|Sebastia]],<ref>Denys Pringle, ''The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus. Vol. 2: LZ (excluding Tyre)'', p. 283.</ref> but they were rescued by the Christians, and part of them were transferred to [[Alexandria]].<ref name=oca /> Today, the relics of Elisha are claimed to be among the possessions of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox]] [[Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great]] in [[Wadi El Natrun|Scetes]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stmacariusmonastery.org/eabout.htm|title=The Monastery of St. Macarius the Great|access-date=2006-12-22|archive-date=2011-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709120739/http://www.stmacariusmonastery.org/eabout.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Elisha is commemorated on 20 June – translation of the relics and garments of the Apostles [[Luke the Evangelist|Luke]], [[Andrew the Apostle|Andrew]], and [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]], the Prophet Eliseus, and Martyr Lazarus of Persia found {{c.|960}}, during the time of the emperor [[Romanos I Lekapenos|Romanos Lakapenos]] (919–944) in a monastery of Saint Augusta into the [[Church of the Holy Apostles]] in Constantinople under [[Constantine VII|Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus]] ({{c.|956–970}}) by [[Polyeuctus of Constantinople|Saint Patriarch Polyeuctus of Constantinople]] (956–970).<ref>{{Cite web|title=ЕЛИСЕЙ, ПРОРОК - Древо|url=http://drevo-info.ru/articles/15334.html|access-date=2022-07-16|website=drevo-info.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

Eliseus is also commemorated on July 20 with [[Aaron]], [[Elijah|Elias]] and Moses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mojżesz|url=https://deon.pl/imiona-swietych/mojzesz,6365|access-date=2021-09-03|website=DEON.pl|language=pl}}</ref>

==In Islam==
{{Main|Elisha in Islam}}
Elisha ({{lang-ar|اليسع|al-yasaʿ}}) is venerated as a [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet]] in all of [[Islam]], and is prophetic successor to [[Elijah]] (Arabic: {{transliteration|ar|Ilyās}}). Elisha is mentioned twice in the [[Quran]] as a prophet,<ref>Tottoli, Roberto, "Elisha", in: ''Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān'', General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC. Brill Online.</ref> alongside fellow prophets.<ref>Tottoli, Roberto, "Elisha", in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Brill Online.</ref> According to the Quran, Elisha is exalted "above the worlds (or to their people)" ({{Lang-ar|فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى ٱلْعَالَمِين|faḍḍalnā ʿala l-ʿālamīn(a)}})<ref>Qur'an 6:86</ref> and is "among the excellent" ({{Lang-ar|مِنَ ٱلْأَخْيَار|mina l-akhyār(i)}}).<ref>Qur'an 38:48</ref> Islamic sources that identify Elisha with [[Khidr]] cite the strong relationship between al-Khidr and Elijah in Islamic tradition.<ref>al-Rabghūzī, ''Stories of the prophets'', ed. Hendrik E. Boeschoten, M. Vandamme, and Semih Tezcan [Leiden 1995], 2:460</ref>

Some Muslims believe the tomb of Elisha is in [[Al-Awjam]] in the eastern region of [[Saudi Arabia]]. The shrine was removed by the [[Politics of Saudi Arabia|Saudi Government]] because such veneration is not in accordance with the [[Wahhabi]] or [[Salafi]] reform movement dominant in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jafariyanews.com/dec2k2/13_saudicurbs.htm|title=Religious curbs in Saudi Arabia – Report: JAFARIYA NEWS, December 12 News|access-date=2013-01-31|archive-date=2012-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506053758/http://www.jafariyanews.com/dec2k2/13_saudicurbs.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.shiapen.com/comprehensive/salafi-disease-literalism/salafi-bidah-respecting-signs-allah.html|title=Salafi Bidah in respecting the signs of Allah}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It had been an important landmark for many centuries during the time of [[Ottoman Arabia]], and had been a very popular pilgrimage destination for Muslims of all sects throughout the pre-modern period.<ref>[[:ar:اليسع|اليسع]] (Al-Yasa) {{in lang|ar}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Biblical narratives and the Quran]]
* [[Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/June 14|Elisha, patron saint archive]]
* [[Legends and the Quran]]
* [[Prophets and messengers in Islam]]
* [[Tel Rehov]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Catholic|no-icon=1|wstitle=Elisha}}

==Further reading==
===Islamic view===
* Amina Adil, ''Gaben des Lichts. Die wundersamen Geschichten der Gesandten Gottes'' (Kandern im Schwarzwald 1999), 563–73
* al-Farrāʾ, ''Maʿānī al-Qurʾān'', ed. Aḥmad Yūsuf Najātī and Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Najjār (Cairo 1955–71), 2:407–8
* Josef Horovitz, ''Koranische Untersuchungen'' (Berlin and Leipzig 1926), 99, 101
* al-Khūshābī, ''ʿArāʾis al-Qurʾān wa-nafāʾis al-furqān wa-farādīs al-jinān'', ed. Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ (Beirut 2007), 167–9
* al-Kisāʾī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ'', ed. Isaac Eisenberg (Leiden 1922–3), 199–205, trans. Wheeler M. Thackston Jr., ''The tales of the prophets of al-Kisaʾi'' (Boston 1978), 269
* al-Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'' (Beirut 1983), 13:396–403
* al-Maqdisī, ''al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir, al-Badʾ wa-l-taʾrīkh'', ed. Clément Huart (Paris 1903), 3:100
* al-Rabghūzī, ''Stories of the prophets'', ed. Hendrik E. Boeschoten, M. Vandamme, and Semih Tezcan (Leiden 1995), 2:460
* Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, ''Mirʾāt al-zamān fī taʾrīkh al-aʿyān'', ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās (Beirut 1985), 1:460, 466
* al-Ṭabarī, ''Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk'', ed. M. J. de Goeje et al. (Leiden 1879–1901), 1:542–4, trans. William M. Brinner, ''The history of al-Ṭabarī, vol. 4, The Children of Israel'' (Albany 1991), 124–5
* al-Thaʿlabī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ'' (Cairo 1954), 259–61, trans. William M. Brinner, ''ʿArāʾis al-Majālis fī Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ'' or ''Lives of the prophets, as recounted by Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Thaʿlabī'' (Leiden 2002), 432–35.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Eliseus}}
{{NIE Poster|year=1905}}
{{EBD poster|Elisha}}
* [http://carmelites.ie/elisha.html Prophet Elisha in Carmelite Tradition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215162438/http://carmelites.ie/elisha.html |date=2015-02-15 }}
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=101718 Prophet Elisha] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[Synaxarium|synaxarion]]

{{Prophets of the Tanakh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:9th-century BC people]]
[[Category:Books of Kings people]]
[[Category:Carmelite spirituality]]
[[Category:Christian saints from the Old Testament]]
[[Category:Elijah]]
[[Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible]]
[[Category:Miracle workers]]