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Do not fill this in! {{Redirect|Chambersburg}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Chambersburg, Pennsylvania |settlement_type = Borough <!-- Images --> |image_skyline = Memorial Square Chambersburg.jpg |image_caption = Memorial Square in downtown Chambersburg |image_flag = Flag of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.png |image_seal = Seal of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.png <!-- Maps --> |image_map = Franklin County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Chambersburg Highlighted.svg |map_caption = Location within [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin County]] and [[Pennsylvania]] |image_map1 = |map_caption1 = <!-- Location --> |coordinates_footnotes = |coordinates = {{coord|39|56|15|N|77|39|40|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Pennsylvania]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin]] <!-- Established --> |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1734 |established_title1 = [[Platted]] |established_date1 = |established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] |established_date2 = 1803 |named_for = Benjamin Chambers <!-- Government --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = Kenneth Hock<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/government/mayors-office.html|title=Mayor's Office - Borough of Chambersburg|website=borough.chambersburg.pa.us}}</ref> <!-- Area --> |area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> |area_total_sq_mi = 6.92 |area_land_sq_mi = 6.92 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 |area_total_km2 = 17.94 |area_land_km2 = 17.94 |area_water_km2 = 0.00 |unit_pref = Imperial <!-- Elevation --> |elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS"/> |elevation_ft = 640 <!-- Population --> |population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] |population_total = 21903 |pop_est_footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = |population_est = |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = 149,618 (Micropolitan area) |population_urban = 52,273 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = β5 |timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = β4 |postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]] |postal_code = 17201, 17202 |area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |area_code = [[Area codes 717 and 223|717 and 223]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 42-12536 <ref name="GNIS"/> |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]] |blank1_info = 1215243 <ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis2|1215243|Chambersburg, Pennsylvania}}</ref> |website = [http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/ Official website] }} [[File:Chambersburg November 2019.jpg|thumb|300px|Panoramic view of Chambersburg]] '''Chambersburg''' is a borough in and the [[county seat]] of [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin County]], in the [[South Central Pennsylvania|South Central]] region of [[Pennsylvania]], United States.<ref name="GNIS"/> It is in the [[Cumberland Valley]], which is part of the [[Great Appalachian Valley]], and {{convert|13|mi|km|0}} north of [[Maryland]] and the [[Mason-Dixon line]] and {{convert|52|mi|km|0}} southwest of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the state capital. According to the United States Census Bureau, Chambersburg's 2020 population was 21,903.<ref>U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Franklin County, Pennsylvania; United States accessed August 28, 2021</ref> When combined with the surrounding [[Greene Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Greene]], [[Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Hamilton]], and [[Guilford Township, Pennsylvania|Guilford Townships]], the population of Greater Chambersburg is 52,273 people. The Chambersburg, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area includes surrounding Franklin County, and in 2010 included 149,618 people.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2008-01-42.csv Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties of Pennsylvania: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, U.S. Census Bureau, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009.</ref> According to the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, Chambersburg Borough is the thirteenth-largest municipality in Pennsylvania and the largest borough as measured by fiscal size as of 2016. Chambersburg Borough is organized under the Pennsylvania Borough Code and is not a home-rule municipality. Chambersburg's settlement began in 1730, when water mills were built at [[Conococheague Creek]] and Falling Spring Creek. The town developed on both sides of these creeks. Its history includes episodes relating to the [[French and Indian War]], the [[Whiskey Rebellion]], [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]]'s raid on [[Harpers Ferry]], and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The borough was the only major northern community burned down by [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] forces during the war. Residents charged the Confederates with war crimes.<ref name="Valley"/><ref name="Hartford">{{cite news | last = Morvay | first = Joanne E. | title = Chambersburg's rich war history, Pa. town rebuilt after burning in the Civil War | work = [[Hartford Courant]] | date = January 13, 2005 | url = http://www.courant.com/travel/bal-li.trips13jan13,0,5652190.story | access-date = 2008-10-31 | archive-date = April 2, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402142025/http://www.courant.com/travel/bal-li.trips13jan13,0,5652190.story | url-status = dead }}</ref> Chambersburg is served by the [[Lincoln Highway]], [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|U.S. 30]], between [[McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania|McConnellsburg]] and [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]]. [[U.S. Route 11 in Pennsylvania|U.S. 11]], the [[Molly Pitcher]] Highway, passes through it between [[Shippensburg, Pennsylvania]], and [[Hagerstown, Maryland]]. [[Interstate 81 (Pennsylvania)|Interstate 81]] skirts the borough to its east. The town lies approximately midpoint on US Route 30 between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. The local topography reflects both flatter areas like [[Philadelphia]] and mountainous areas like [[Pittsburgh]]. Downtown Chambersburg has occasional events such as Food Truck Festival and Apple Fest. == History == === European settlement === Native Americans living or hunting in the area during the 18th century included the six [[Iroquois]] tribes of a confederacy known as the Iroquois League or ''[[Haudenosaunee]]'', the [[Lenape]], and the [[Shawnee]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=140β143}}</ref> The Lenape lived mostly to the east, with the Iroquois to the north, and the Shawnee to the south. Their traders, hunters, and warriors traveled on the north-south route sometimes called the "Virginia path" through the [[Cumberland Valley]], from New York through what became [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]] and [[Shippensburg, Pennsylvania|Shippensburg]], then through what would become [[Hagerstown, Maryland]], crossing the [[Potomac River]] into the [[Shenandoah Valley]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://msaag.aag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/12_Marr.pdf|journal=Middle States Geographer|date=2002|volume=35|pages=101β109|title=SHIPPENSBURG AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVERLAND TRANSPORTATION IN THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA IN THE 1700s|author=Paul Marr}}</ref> [[Image:Kitfry-1-.jpg|thumb|300px |1751 Fry-Jefferson map depicting 'The Great Waggon Road to Philadelphia']] Benjamin Chambers, a [[Scotch-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] immigrant, is credited with settling "Falling Spring" in 1730. He built a [[grist mill]] and [[saw mill]] by a then-{{convert|26|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} waterfall where Falling Spring Creek joined [[Conococheague Creek]].<ref name="NatReg">{{cite web|url=https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H000885_01H.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Chambersburg Historic District|date=July 31, 1980|author=John R. Schein Jr. and Ray C. Hearne|publisher=National Park Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415130115/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H000885_01H.pdf|archive-date=April 15, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Chambersburg |volume=5 |page=822}}</ref> The creek provided power for the mills, and soon a settlement grew and became known as "Falling Spring". On March 30, 1734, Chambers received a "Blunston license" for {{convert|400|acre|ha}}, from a representative of the [[Penn family]]. European settlement in the area remained of questionable legality until the treaty ending the [[French and Indian War]] in 1763, because not all Indian tribes with land claims had signed treaties with the British colonial government.<ref name="NatReg"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=139β140}}</ref> The Penn family encouraged settlement in the area in order to strengthen its case in a border dispute with the [[Maryland Colony]], which had resulted in hostilities known as [[Cresap's War]]. This dispute was not settled until 1767, with the border survey that resulted in the [[Mason-Dixon line]]. Chambers traveled to England to testify in support of Penn's claims.<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|p=12}}</ref> To maintain peace with the Indians, Penn sometimes arranged for European settlers to be removed from nearby areas. In May 1750, Benjamin Chambers helped remove settlers from the nearby [[Burnt Cabins, Pennsylvania|Burnt Cabins]], named after an incident.<ref>{{Harvnb|Chambers|1856|pp=122β125}}</ref><ref name="BAFCP">{{cite book | title =Biographical Annals of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, Volume 1 | publisher=Heritage Books | year =2007 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=adtXI0PJYj8C | isbn =978-0-7884-3738-0 }}p. 3</ref> The area was first classified as part of [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]], then [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] (as that was created from Chester County's western area). Then Lancaster County was split, with its western portion renamed as [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]]; finally another split (this time of Cumberland County) established Franklin County in 1784. ([[Adams County, Pennsylvania|Adams County]] adjoins it on the east).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://borough.chambersburg.pa.us/html/history.asp|title = History| publisher=borough.chambersburg.pa.us| access-date = 2007-09-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928152635/http://borough.chambersburg.pa.us/html/history.asp |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Great Wagon Road]] connecting [[Philadelphia]] with the [[Shenandoah Valley]] (and an east-west branch through Hagerstown and [[Cumberland, Maryland]] to the [[Ohio Valley]] known as [[Nemacolin's Path]]) passed nearby. In 1744, the road was completed through [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harris's Ferry]], [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], [[Shippensburg, Pennsylvania|Shippensburg]], and Chambersburg to the [[Potomac River]].<ref name="NatReg"/> In 1748 a local militia was formed for protection against Indians, with Benjamin Chambers named as its colonel. Chambersburg was still considered frontier during the [[French and Indian War]]. Benjamin Chambers built a private stone fort during the war, which was equipped with two 4-pounder cannons. Fighting and troop movements occurred nearby.<ref name="NatReg"/><ref name="Britannica"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=159β175}} Chapter III, Indian War</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=6|title = The French and Indian War in Pennsylvania | publisher=explorepahistory.com| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> The area's population dropped from about 3,000 in 1755 as the war began, to about 300 during the conflict. Most settlers did not return until after 1764 (when the peace treaty was signed between Great Britain and France).<ref name="Kittochtinny"/> Because Chambers's fort was otherwise lightly defended, officials attempted to remove the cannons to prevent them from being captured by Indians and used against other forts. However, the attempted removal failed. One of the cannons still remained in 1840, when it was fired to celebrate [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] that year.<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|pp=22β31}}</ref> The [[John Forbes (General)|Forbes Road]] and other trails going to [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]] passed nearby as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/point/point_n715.html |title=The Point: Indian Trails to Fort Duquesne |publisher=Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh |access-date=2007-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005184659/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/point/point_n715.html |archive-date=October 5, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> The Forbes Road developed into part of the main road connecting Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and much later into [[US 30]]. Chambersburg developed as a trading and transportation hub at the crossroads of Forbes Road and the Great Wagon Road. Fighting continued in the area after the war. The [[Enoch Brown school massacre]] took place during [[Pontiac's War]], when Native Americans were trying to expel European Americans from the area. The [[Black Boys]] rebelled against British troops stationed at [[Fort Loudoun (Pennsylvania)|Fort Loudon]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=170β175}}</ref> The town of Chambersburg was platted or laid out in 1764. Lots were advertised for sale on July 19 in [[Benjamin Franklin]]'s [[Pennsylvania Gazette (newspaper)|Pennsylvania Gazette]]. {{Blockquote|Notice is hereby given to the Public, that there is a town is laid out on Conegogig Creek, on both sides of the Great Falling Spring, where is falls into said creek, by Benjamin Chambers, of Cumberland County. Lots may be had on reasonable terms and Firm Deeds granted for them by said Chambers: the day appointed for drawing of said lots is the 28th day of June inst.. which is a Thursday. The situation of this town is very good for water and stone, both free and marble, and sand all handy to the spot, and a well timbered part of the country adjoining it; within said town is a good Gristmill, Sawmill, and Grindstones going by water. The articles of the Town shall be read on the day appointed for the drawing of the Lots, and the terms of the sale published by me|Benjamin Chambers<ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|p=452}}</ref>}} The first settlers were Scots-Irish Presbyterians; German Protestants came soon afterward. Relatively few [[Quaker]]s and English Protestants (who made up a large proportion of early Pennsylvania settlers generally) settled as far west as Chambersburg. However, blacks lived in Chambersburg almost from the settlement's beginning. Benjamin Chambers owned a black female slave sometime before the French and Indian War and twenty slaves were recorded as taxable property in 1786.<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|p=13}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|M'Cauley|1878|pp=38}}</ref> The earliest church was established by Scots-Irish [[Presbyterian]]s in 1734. Chambers gave the congregation land in 1768, for an annual rent of only a single rose. Later, the First Lutheran Church and [[Zion Reformed Church (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Zion Reformed Church]] both organized in 1780 under similar terms, so these three churches came to be known as the "Rose Rent Churches".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.zionucc-chambersburg.org/| title=Zion Reformed Church| publisher=Zion Reformed Church| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808203547/http://www.zionucc-chambersburg.org/| archive-date=August 8, 2007| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> A Catholic community organized in 1785. St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church dates its founding to members purchasing a log cabin from the expanding Catholic congregation in 1811, and the congregation continued and expanded through 1830.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Jeanne .B. Williams|title=The African Methodist Episcopal Church Moves into Central Pennsylvania|page=2|date=1996|url=https://www.lycoming.edu/umarch/chronicles/1997/3.%20WILLIAMS.pdf|website=Lycoming.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UM4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA170|page=170|title=Prophets Of Protest: Reconsidering The History Of American Abolitionism|first1=Timothy Patrick|last1=McCarthy|first2=John|last2=Stauffer|date=March 13, 2012|publisher=New Press, The|isbn=9781595588548|access-date=March 30, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref> The Mt. Moriah First African Baptist Church dates to 1887. The [[Old Jewish cemetery, Chambersburg|Jewish cemetery]] dates back to 1840.<ref name="NatReg"/> === 1775β1858 === [[File:Chambersburg PA Central Presby PHS117.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Central Presbyterian Church on the Diamond (town square) in an old postcard]] In June 1775, soon after the [[Battle of Lexington]], local troops were raised to fight the British in the [[American Revolution]] under the command of Benjamin Chambers's eldest son Captain James Chambers, as part of the [[1st Pennsylvania Regiment]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|pp=39β42}}</ref> These troops were among the first non-New Englanders to join the [[siege of Boston]], arriving on August 7, 1775. James Chambers fought for seven years during the revolution, reaching the rank of Colonel of [[Continental Army]] troops on September 26, 1776.<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|p=45}}</ref> His two brothers, William and Benjamin Jr., each served for much of the war and reached the rank of captain.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=180,625}}</ref> James Chambers commanded local troops at the [[Battle of Long Island]], and at [[Battle of White Plains|White Plains]], [[Battle of Trenton|Trenton]], [[Battle of Princeton|Princeton]], [[Battle of Brandywine|Brandywine]], [[Battle of Germantown|Germantown]], and [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]. He was part of the rear guard covering the retreat from [[Brooklyn]], and was wounded at the Battle of Brandywine while facing [[Hessian troops]] under [[Wilhelm von Knyphausen|General Knuphausen]] at [[Chadds Ford]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Garrard|1856|pp=48β49}}</ref> During the [[Whiskey Rebellion]], local citizens raised a [[liberty pole]] in support of the rebels, and to protest [[conscription]] of soldiers to put down the rebellion. Nevertheless, these citizens were censured in a [[town meeting]] and removed the pole the next day.<ref name="WhiskeyRebs">{{cite book | last =Baldwin | first =Leland Dewitt | title =Whiskey rebels: the story of a frontier uprising | publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press | year =1968 | page =208 | isbn =9780822951513 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QMF2AAAAMAAJ }}</ref> President [[George Washington]], while leading United States troops against the rebels, came through town on the way from [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]] to [[Bedford, Pennsylvania|Bedford]], staying overnight on October 12, 1794. According to tradition, Washington lodged with Dr. Robert Johnson, a surgeon in the Pennsylvania line during the Revolution. This march was one of only two times that a sitting president personally commanded the military in the field. (The other was after President [[James Madison]] fled the [[Burning of Washington|British occupation of Washington, D.C.]], during the [[War of 1812]].) After sending the troops toward [[Pittsburgh]] from Bedford under General [[Henry Lee III|Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee]], Washington returned through Chambersburg sometime between October 21 and 26.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/whiskey/october.html#12| title=The Papers of George Washington| publisher=University of Virginia| access-date=2009-07-15| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115084853/http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/whiskey/october.html#12| archive-date=November 15, 2009| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> James Chambers was appointed a Brigadier General of Militia during the Whiskey Rebellion.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bates|1887|pp=180}}</ref> Chambersburg was incorporated on March 21, 1803,<ref name="PSA">{{cite web|url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/Bah/DAM/counties/browse.asp?catid=28 |title=Franklin County |publisher=Pennsylvania State Archives |access-date=August 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802091245/http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/browse.asp?catid=28 |archive-date=August 2, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> and declared the County Seat when the State Assembly established a formal government. The first courthouse was John Jack's tavern on the Diamond (town square) in 1784, with a permanent courthouse built in 1793, and the first county jail built 1795.<ref name="Kittochtinny">{{cite web| url=http://www.rootsweb.com/%7Epakhs/| title=Franklin County, Pennsylvania USGENWEB Project| publisher=Kittochtinny Historical Society| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821012536/http://www.rootsweb.com/%7epakhs/| archive-date=August 21, 2008| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> The "Old Jail" was built in 1818, survived the fire of 1864 and is the oldest jail building in Pennsylvania. It was originally used as the sheriff's residence and had the longest continuous use of any jail in the state, operating until 1971. Today the Old Jail is a museum and home to the Franklin County β Kittochtinny Historical Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chambersburg.biz/page.asp?id=4 |title=Historical Sites |publisher=chambersburg.biz |access-date=2007-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822073704/http://www.chambersburg.biz/page.asp?id=4 |archive-date=August 22, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref> The county's gallows still stand in the jail's courtyard.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://pafch.tripod.com/pictures/index.album/gallows?i=1| title=Historic Pictures| publisher=Franklin County β Kittochtinny Historical Society| access-date=June 25, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607232012/http://pafch.tripod.com/pictures/index.album/gallows?i=1| archive-date=June 7, 2009| df=mdy-all}}</ref> From 1786 to 1879 there were five executions in Franklin County totaling six 6 felons β five for murder and one for rape.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00bate/page/458/mode/2up History of Franklin County Pennsylvania .pp.458-459]</ref> Much of the town's growth was due to its position as a transportation center, first as the starting point on the Forbes Road to Pittsburgh. The [[U.S. Congress]] placed Chambersburg on the Philadelphia-Pittsburgh postal road in 1803. The road was rebuilt as the Chambersburg-Bedford Turnpike in 1811. The [[Cumberland Valley Railroad]] was built in 1837 and was the area's center of economic activity for nearly 100 years. Until the completion of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]'s [[Main Line (Pennsylvania Railroad)|main line]] in 1857, the fastest route from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia was by stagecoach from Pittsburgh to Chambersburg, and then by train to Philadelphia. === Civil War era === [[Image:BurntCourtChambersburgPA1864.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Franklin County Courthouse following the 1864 McCausland raid.]] ==== Underground Railroad / John Brown ==== [[File:ChambersburgStatue.jpg|right|thumb|120px|Statue of a Union soldier on the main square.]] By 1859, Chambersburg's active community of free and enslaved blacks and sympathetic whites had attracted a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]]. Several schools taught black children, although such activity was illegal in [[Virginia]] and other [[slave states]] further south. [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] stayed in an upstairs room at Mary Ritner's boarding house between June and October, 1859 while preparing for his raid on [[Harpers Ferry]] (then in Virginia).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.familytales.org/results.php?city=chambersburg| title=Collection of letters from Chambersburg, Familytales.org| access-date=2008-02-26| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607120405/http://www.familytales.org/results.php?city=chambersburg| archive-date=June 7, 2007| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Several of his fellow raiders stayed in the house as well, and four of them escaped capture and briefly visited the house after the raid. The house still stands at 225 East King Street. While in Chambersburg, Brown posed as Dr. Isaac Smith, an iron mine developer, and bought, shipped, and stored weapons under the guise of mining equipment.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/pa2.htm| title=John Brown House| publisher=nps.gov| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-date=April 6, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406070408/http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/travel/underground/pa2.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Brown (using the name John Smith) and [[John Henry Kagi]] met with [[Frederick Douglass]] and [[Shields Green]] at an abandoned quarry outside of town to discuss the raid on August 19.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/fdlife.html|title = Excerpt from The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass pp. 350β354|publisher=Reprint New York: Pathway Press| year =1941 | access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> According to Douglass's account, Brown described the planned raid in detail and Douglass advised him against it. Douglass also provided $10 from a supporter, and had helped Green β a future raider β locate Brown. ==== First two Confederate occupations, selective burnings ==== {{Main|Chambersburg Raid}} During the [[American Civil War]] on October 10, 1862, [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] [[Major General|Maj. Gen.]] [[J.E.B. Stuart]], with 1,800 cavalrymen, [[Chambersburg Raid|raided Chambersburg]], destroying $250,000 of railroad property and taking 500 guns, hundreds of horses, and enslaving "eight young colored men and boys."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-841|title =Map of Stuart's Raid|publisher=ExplorePaHistory.com| access-date = October 12, 2012 }}</ref> They failed, however, to accomplish one of the main targets of the raid: to burn the railroad bridge across the Conococheague Creek at Scotland, five miles (8 km) north of town.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-5A|title =Stuart's Raid|publisher=ExplorePaHistory.com| access-date = October 12, 2012 }}</ref> During the early days of the 1863 [[Gettysburg Campaign]], a [[Virginia]] cavalry [[brigade]] under [[Brigadier General|Brig. Gen.]] [[Albert G. Jenkins]] occupied the town and burned several warehouses and [[Cumberland Valley Railroad]] structures and the bridge at Scotland. From June 24β28, 1863, much of the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] passed through Chambersburg<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/gettyscampaign.htm|title =The Gettysburg Campaign |publisher=civilwarhome.com| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/education/es5/es5.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818232134/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/education/es5/es5.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=August 18, 2000|title =Geology and the Gettysburg Campaign|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources| year = 1962| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> en route to [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]] and [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]], and General [[Robert E. Lee]] established his headquarters at a nearby farm. ==== July 30, 1864 devastation ==== [[File:View of the ruins of Chambersburg by Charles L. Lochman.jpg|thumb|800px|center|View of the ruins of Chambersburg, by Charles L. Lochman, 1864]] The following year, Chambersburg was invaded for a third time, as cavalry, dispatched from the [[Shenandoah Valley]] by [[Jubal Early]], arrived.<ref name="Valley">{{cite web | url = http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/frhome/home.html| archive-url = https://archive.today/20070713121740/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/frhome/home.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2007-07-13|title = War Comes Home, Chambersburg 1864|publisher=[[The Valley of the Shadow]]| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> On July 30, 1864, a large portion of the town was burned down by Confederate [[History of Confederate States Army Generals#Brigadier general|Brig. Gen.]] [[John McCausland]] for failing to provide a ransom of $500,000 in U.S. currency, or $100,000 in gold. The local bank had sent its reserves out of town for safekeeping.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/documents_from_1776_-_1865/20424/chambersburg_war_damages/998581|title=Chambersburg War Damages|publisher=www.portal.state.pa.us|date=1866-03-19|access-date = 2015-05-05 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150210140651/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/documents_from_1776_-_1865/20424/chambersburg_war_damages/998581|archive-date = February 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/search/browseMemory.php?xml=/db/valley/memoryarticles/FM0066.xml| archive-url=https://archive.today/20070713164308/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/search/browseMemory.php?xml=/db/valley/memoryarticles/FM0066.xml| url-status=dead| archive-date=2007-07-13|title =Franklin County: "The Burning of Chambersburg,"|publisher=valley.vcdh.virginia.edu| date =1870-08-27| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref><ref name="JeffersonDavis"> {{cite book | last = Davis | first = Jefferson | author-link = Jefferson Davis | title = Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (Volume II) | publisher = [[Da Capo Press]] | orig-year = 1881, published by D. Appleton and Company |year = 1990 | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/riseandfallconf03davigoog/page/n591 532]β533 | url = https://archive.org/details/riseandfallconf03davigoog | quote = Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. | isbn = 0-306-80418-2}}</ref> Among the few buildings left standing was the [[Masonic Temple (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Masonic Temple]], which had been guarded under orders by a Confederate member of the Masons.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-202|title =Burning of Chambersburg|publisher=explorepahistory.com| access-date = 2012-02-21 }}</ref> ''Norland'', the home of Republican politician and editor [[Alexander McClure]], was burned although it was well north of the main fire. Early had ordered the ransom as compensation for those residents of the [[Shenandoah Valley]] whose homes has been burned by Union Brig.-Gen. [[David Hunter]]. He also burned the [[Virginia Military Institute]].<ref>[https://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-202 Burning of Chambersburg Historical Marker]</ref> According to McCausland report the only death occurred when one of his soldiers was killed in the vicinity of the town after his troops left and no citizens lost their lives.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00bate/page/382/mode/2up History of Franklin County .p.383]</ref> One black Chambersburg resident was burned to death when Confederates set his house on fire and then refused to allow him to leave, trapping him in the flames. Another man was asked by the Confederates if he had ever educated "niggers"; after replying that he had, the Confederates burned his house down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadconfederates.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/slavehunt.pdf |title=A Regular Slave Hunt |first=Ted |last=Alexander |access-date=April 29, 2015 |volume=4 |number=7 |work=North & South |date=September 2001 |page=88 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429030950/https://deadconfederates.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/slavehunt.pdf |archive-date=April 29, 2015 }}</ref> Subsequently, "Remember Chambersburg" became a Union battle cry.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1973/5/1973_5_36.shtml |title=Burning of Chambersburg |magazine=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] Magazine |date=August 1973 |author=Liva Baker |access-date=2007-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102522/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1973/5/1973_5_36.shtml |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Property damage was $713,294.34 + Personal Property damage was $915,137,24 totaling $1,628,431.58 of which 50% was paid by State approbation, first by an Act of Legislature Feb 15, 1866, $500,000.00 and the second under the Act of Legislation May 27, 1871; under the last named act claiments [numbering 650] each had a certificate for amount of his loss but claims payable only when said claims were paid by the United States Government <ref>[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00bate/page/390/mode/2up History of Franklin County Pennsylvania .p.390]</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="165px"> File:John Brown portrait, 1859.jpg|John Brown in 1859 File:Alexander Kelly McClure (cropped).jpg|Alexander K. McClure File:The photographic history of the Civil War - thousands of scenes photographed 1861-65, with text by many special authorities (1911) (14782791043).jpg|J.E.B. Stuart File:JMcCausland.jpg|Gen. John McCausland File:JubalEarly.jpeg| Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early, who ordered Chambersburg burned </gallery> === Civil War Legacy === ==== Accusations of war crimes ==== [[File:Jubal Early disguised as a farmer, 1865.jpg|thumb|right|Accused war criminal, General Early, disguised as a farmer, while escaping to Mexico, 1865.]] Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early was accused of war crimes for ordering Chambersburg burned. The actual burning divided two of his cavalry commanders, because when Maryland-born Gen. Bradley Johnson saw the behavior of Gen. McCausland's troops in Chambersburg, he refused to participate in a similar burning at Cumberland and Hancock, Maryland not far to the south, so both those towns survived despite likewise not paying ransoms.<ref>Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants (abridged 1-volume version edited by Stephen W. Sears) (Scribner 1998) p. 745</ref> Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. [[William W. Averell]], although initially misdirected toward Baltimore and thus late to arrive to prevent the atrocities, also pursued the Confederates, who sustained several defeats and lost most of the [[Shenandoah Valley]] by November. Furthermore, when the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9, 1865, Early escaped to Texas by horseback, where he hoped to find a Confederate force still holding out. He proceeded to Mexico, and from there, sailed to [[Cuba]] and [[Canada]]. Living in [[Toronto]], he wrote his [[memoir]], ''A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence, in the Confederate States of America'', which focused on his Valley Campaign and was published in 1867. ==== Chambersburg's Reconstruction ==== A combination of state and private funding rebuilt Chambersburg. However, many new buildings were erected quickly and not initially built to the original standards. It took more than 30 years to fully restore the town's housing stock to pre-Civil War standards. As discussed further below, Chambersburg was the site of one of the 69 schools established by Pennsylvania to educate children orphaned by the war, and which remained when all other such were closed decades later. Known as "[[The Scotland School for Veterans Children]]" after the 1890s, it remained open until 2010 and graduated more than 10,000 children during its lifetime. ==== Memorialization of Civil War ==== [[Image:Diamondviewfolder20a.gif|thumb|right|250px| "Fountain, Memorial Square, Chambersburg, Pa." 1921 post card.]] Since people from Chambersburg had relatives on both sides during the war, and the war devastated the town, the town event also became a part of the town's identity. On July 17, 1878, 15,000 people attended dedication of Memorial Fountain in the town's center, which honors the Civil War soldiers, and later Chambersburg's fighters in other wars. A statue of a Union soldier stands next to the fountain, facing south to guard against the return of southern raiders. To this day, the Civil War burning of Chambersburg remains a part of the town's historic identity and yearly memorial events are held, especially near July 30. Chambersburg has also recently been the subject of study on how people have historically perceived and responded to war tragedies.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} === National Register of Historic Places === The following places in Chambersburg are on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/pa/Franklin/state.html|title =National Register of Historic Places|publisher=NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.com| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> [[Image:Diamondviewfolder8.gif|thumb|right|250px| "Wilson's College for Girls Main Bldg. Chambersburg, Pa." 1921 post card.]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Site ! Address ! Listed |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Brotherton Farm]] || SE of Chambersburg on Falling Spring Rd. || 1979 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[John Brown House (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|John Brown House]] | style="text-align:left;"| 225 E. King St. | style="text-align:left;"| 1970 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Chambersburg Historic District]] || US 11 and US 30 ({{convert|2320|acres}}, 159 buildings) || 1982 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Coldbrook Farm]] ||955 Spring Ln. || 1996 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[James Finley House (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|James Finley House]] | style="text-align:left;"| Building No. 505, Letterkenny Army Depot | style="text-align:left;"| 1974 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[Franklin County Courthouse (Pennsylvania)|Franklin County Courthouse]] | style="text-align:left;"| 1 N. Main St., Memorial Square | style="text-align:left;"| 1974 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[Franklin County Jail (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Franklin County Jail]] | style="text-align:left;"| NW corner of King and 2nd Sts. | style="text-align:left;"| 1970 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Gass House]] || E of Chambersburg off U.S. 30 || 1977 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[Rocky Spring Presbyterian Church]] | style="text-align:left;"| Rocky Spring Rd., approx. {{convert|.5|mi|m|abbr=on}} NW of Funk Rd., | style="text-align:left;"| 1994 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[Masonic Temple (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Masonic Temple]] | style="text-align:left;"| 74 S. 2nd St. | style="text-align:left;"| 1976 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Memorial Fountain and Statue]] || Memorial Square || 1978 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Townhouse Row]] || 57β85 North Main Street || 1978 |- style="text-align:left;" || [[Wilson College (Pennsylvania)|Wilson College]] || 1015 Philadelphia Ave. ({{convert|550|acres}}, 17 buildings) || 1995 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[Zion Reformed Church (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)|Zion Reformed Church]] | style="text-align:left;"| S. Main and W. Liberty Sts. | style="text-align:left;"| 1979 |} === Historic images === Colorized photographs taken from a series of 22 postcard views mailed in 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/franklinmemory_p3c.html |title=The Valley of the Shadow: Memory of the War |website=valley.vcdh.virginia.edu |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220045323/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/memory/franklinmemory_p3c.html |archive-date=20 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed"> Image:Diamondviewfolder11.gif | Birds eye view of the borough. Image:Diamondviewfolder1.gif | City Hall Image:Diamondviewfolder3.gif | King Street Bridge. Image:Diamondviewfolder20.gif | View of the "Lincoln Way Arch" on the Diamond. </gallery> == Geography == {{external media | width = 210px | headerimage=[[File:Old Jail Cburg.JPG|210px]] | float = right | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4506o5dZPgo#t=171 Chambersburg historic sites], Franklin County Historical Society<ref name="FCHS">{{cite web | title =Chambersburg historic sites | publisher =Franklin County Historical Society | url =http://franklinhistorical.org/historical-pictures/ | access-date =December 20, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131222132727/http://franklinhistorical.org/historical-pictures/ | archive-date =December 22, 2013 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Includes images of the Old Jail, gallows, and the John Brown House }} According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Chambersburg has a total area of {{convert|6.8|sqmi|km2|1|sp=us}}, all land. The elevation is {{convert|617|ft|m|0}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=13715| title=Chambersburg, Pennsylvania| publisher=epodunk.com| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630232756/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=13715| archive-date=June 30, 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref> Chambersburg is located in the [[Cumberland Valley]] next to the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. It also sits right outside of [[Caledonia State Park]], a {{convert|1125|acre|ha|adj=on}} park with fishing and hunting areas and hiking trails, including a section of the [[Appalachian Trail]]. Also outside of Chambersburg is [[Michaux State Forest]], a {{convert|85000|acre|ha|adj=on}} forest. Both of these places provide recreation for residents. [[Conococheague Creek]], a noted [[trout]] stream, runs through the center of town. It is a tributary of the [[Potomac River]]. The northernmost reach of the Potomac watershed is a few miles north of town. ===Climate=== Chambersburg has a cold climate, according to the [[United States Department of Energy]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/pdfs/ba_climate_regions2_column_rev_03.pdf|title =Building America|publisher=eere.energy.gov| access-date = 2007-09-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070810213221/http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/pdfs/ba_climate_regions2_column_rev_03.pdf |archive-date = August 10, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/climate_zones.html|title =Climate Regions|publisher=eere.energy.gov| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> The area receives anywhere from {{convert|38|to|42|in|mm}} of precipitation per year.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ocs.orst.edu/pub/maps/Precipitation/Total/States/PA/pa.gif|title =Average Annual Precipitation|publisher=ocs.orst.edu| access-date = 2007-09-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070911182404/http://www.ocs.orst.edu/pub/maps/Precipitation/Total/States/PA/pa.gif |archive-date = September 11, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chambersburg falls within the warmest part of the Humid Continental Climate with some characteristics in the summer of a Humid Subtropical Climate, but bears much more characteristics of the former. The average January low is about {{convert|23|Β°F|Β°C|0}} and the average high is {{convert|37|Β°F|Β°C|0}}. The average July high is {{convert|85|Β°F|Β°C|0}} and the average low is about {{convert|65|Β°F|Β°C|0}}.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/pets/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0258| title=Chambersburg, Pennsylvania| publisher=Weather.com| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522132614/http://www.weather.com/outlook/homeandgarden/pets/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA0258| archive-date=May 22, 2011| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (1991β2020 normals, extremes 1894βpresent) |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 77 |Feb record high F = 79 |Mar record high F = 88 |Apr record high F = 94 |May record high F = 98 |Jun record high F = 102 |Jul record high F = 107 |Aug record high F = 105 |Sep record high F = 101 |Oct record high F = 95 |Nov record high F = 82 |Dec record high F = 75 |year record high F = 107 |Jan high F = 37.4 |Feb high F = 40.9 |Mar high F = 50.4 |Apr high F = 63.2 |May high F = 72.6 |Jun high F = 80.8 |Jul high F = 84.9 |Aug high F = 82.9 |Sep high F = 75.6 |Oct high F = 64.0 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 41.4 |year high F = 62.2 |Jan mean F = 30.2 |Feb mean F = 32.7 |Mar mean F = 41.1 |Apr mean F = 52.4 |May mean F = 62.1 |Jun mean F = 70.7 |Jul mean F = 74.8 |Aug mean F = 72.9 |Sep mean F = 65.7 |Oct mean F = 54.3 |Nov mean F = 43.5 |Dec mean F = 34.4 |year mean F = 52.9 |Jan low F = 22.9 |Feb low F = 24.6 |Mar low F = 31.9 |Apr low F = 41.6 |May low F = 51.5 |Jun low F = 60.6 |Jul low F = 64.7 |Aug low F = 63.0 |Sep low F = 55.7 |Oct low F = 44.6 |Nov low F = 34.9 |Dec low F = 27.4 |year low F = 43.6 |Jan record low F = β21 |Feb record low F = β16 |Mar record low F = -8 |Apr record low F = 8 |May record low F = 25 |Jun record low F = 32 |Jul record low F = 41 |Aug record low F = 37 |Sep record low F = 28 |Oct record low F = 18 |Nov record low F = 4 |Dec record low F = β13 |year record low F = -21 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 3.21 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.61 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.61 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.98 |May precipitation inch = 4.13 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.10 |Jul precipitation inch = 3.83 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.82 |Sep precipitation inch = 4.14 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.53 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.12 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.45 |year precipitation inch = 43.53 |Jan snow inch = 10.0 |Feb snow inch = 8.0 |Mar snow inch = 6.0 |Apr snow inch = 0.3 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 1.0 |Dec snow inch = 5.5 |year snow inch = 30.8 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 9.5 |Feb precipitation days = 9.3 |Mar precipitation days = 10.0 |Apr precipitation days = 11.3 |May precipitation days = 12.3 |Jun precipitation days = 10.8 |Jul precipitation days = 9.8 |Aug precipitation days = 9.3 |Sep precipitation days = 8.8 |Oct precipitation days = 8.9 |Nov precipitation days = 8.0 |Dec precipitation days = 9.0 |year precipitation days = 117.0 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jan snow days = 4.2 |Feb snow days = 3.5 |Mar snow days = 2.0 |Apr snow days = 0.2 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.6 |Dec snow days = 2.2 |year snow days = 12.7 |source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name = NOAA > {{cite web | url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ctp | title = NowData β NOAA Online Weather Data | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = August 7, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI> {{cite web | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00361354&format=pdf | title = Station: Chambersburg 1 ESE, PA | work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = August 7, 2021}}</ref> }} == Demographics == {{US Census population |1810= 1304 |1830= 2783 |1840= 3239 |1850= 3335 |1860= 5255 |1870= 6308 |1880= 6877 |1890= 7863 |1900= 8864 |1910= 11800 |1920= 13171 |1930= 13788 |1940= 14852 |1950= 17212 |1960= 17670 |1970= 17315 |1980= 16174 |1990= 16647 |2000= 17862 |2010= 20268 |2020= 21903 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref> }} As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website|df=mdy}}</ref> of 2000, there were 17,862 people, 7,722 households, and 4,386 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|2,601.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 8,305 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,209.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 86.43% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 7.56% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.18% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.87% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.08% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.83% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.38% of the population. There were 7,722 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.83. In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $32,336, and the median income for a family was $40,352. Males had a median income of $31,803 versus $21,548 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,278. About 9.8% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. == Economy == [[File:Chambersburg PA water tower.png|thumb|Water tower in Chambersburg]] The surrounding area has a large farming population, including many [[Amish]] and [[Mennonite]] families. Franklin County's largest crop is corn (maize) with 579 farms that cover {{convert|29916|acre|ha}} of land. Franklin also has 344 wheat farms and 299 [[barley]] farms which combined cover {{convert|14063|acre|ha}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropmap/pennsylvania/counties/franklin.html|title =Pennsylvania Crop Map|publisher=Purdue University| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> Manufacturing in Chambersburg includes machinery production, metal fabrication, and food processing according to the 1997 Economic Census of Franklin County.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov/epcd/ec97/pa/PA055.HTM| title=1997 Economic Census Summary Statistics for Franklin County, PA| publisher=census.gov| access-date=2007-09-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722170433/http://www.census.gov/epcd/ec97/pa/PA055.HTM| archive-date=July 22, 2014| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> The largest sectors by payroll were manufacturing companies such as T B Wood's Inc., [[Manitowoc Cranes|Manitowoc cranes]], retail trade, and health care and social assistance. Despite suburban growth, much of the economy of the area is still largely based on agriculture.<ref name="PSA"/> Chambersburg's retail sector has grown quickly since 2006 with the opening of retail stores near the newly built Exit 17 of Interstate 81. Several restaurants new to the region have also opened. Chambersburg's 5 largest employers, according to the Borough's Consolidated Annual Financial Report were in 2017: Summit Health Services/Chambersburg Hospital with 3,600 employees, the Chambersburg Area School District with 1,125 employees, Menno Haven retirement community with 705 employees, Franklin County government with 690 employees, and Ventura Foods with 630 employees<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/pdf/2017%20BOC%20Financial%20Statements%20-%20Final.pdf|title=The Borough of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania : Financial Report for the Year 2017|website=Borough.chambersburg.pa.us|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref> The city's location on [[Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania|Interstate 81]] within {{convert|100|mi|km}} of both Washington, D.C., and [[Baltimore]], Maryland encourages trucking and distribution businesses.<ref>David Brooks, One Nation, Slightly Divisible; The Atlantic Monthly; December 2001; Volume 288, No. 5; 53β65. [https://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/12/brooks.htm]</ref> The [[Letterkenny Army Depot]] five miles (8 km) north of town is a major employer. [[Camp David]] also employs Chambersburg residents. In 2004 Chambersburg had a [[Per capita personal income in the United States|per capita personal income]] (PCPI) of $28,208, below the national average of $33,050.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/bearfacts/action.cfm?fips=42055&areatype=42055&yearin=2004| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929183228/https://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/bearfacts/action.cfm?fips=42055&areatype=42055&yearin=2004| url-status=dead| archive-date=2006-09-29|title =Franklin County, PA|publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> == Culture == [[File:Caledonia State Park 3.jpg|upright=1.1|thumb|Caledonia State Park]] [[Image:Capitol Theater Chambersburg.JPG|upright=1.1|thumb|Capitol Theatre]] Chambersburg is part of [[small town]] America. Recreation includes hunting, sports events such as baseball games at [[Henninger Field]], and high school football games. The town also hosts a professional football team, the [[Chambersburg Cardinals]], that plays in the Gridiron Developmental Football League. People in the area speak in [[Pittsburgh English]] or with a [[Central Pennsylvania accent]], over-pronouncing "O's" and "I's". [[Caledonia State Park]] provides an area for outdoor activities, with the park especially busy on July 4. The [[Capitol Theatre Center|Capitol Theatre]] was opened as a movie palace on Main Street in 1927. In 2003, it reopened as the Capitol Theatre Center and is home to the Capitol Theatre Main Stage and Auditorium, Chambersburg Council for the Arts, Caledonia Theatre Company, Chambersburg Ballet Theatre School, and Chambersburg Community Theatre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inchambersburg.com/content.asp?page=articleDetail&pg=curr&id=390 |title=A Cultural Centerpiece: Chambersburg's Capitol Theatre |publisher=Hagarstown Magazine |access-date=2008-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713023020/http://www.inchambersburg.com/content.asp?page=articleDetail&pg=curr&id=390 |archive-date=July 13, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> Wilson College is home to the Cumberland Valley School of Music, a local school offering private instruction on various musical instruments. It offers a wide range of lessons, classes, workshops, and summer camps, as well as presenting numerous recitals and concerts in Thomson Hall. CVSM sponsors a children's chorus (the Cumberbunds), a community band, a community orchestra, a concert jazz band, and the New Horizons Band, for adults age 50 or older. Journalist [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]] in 2001 used Chambersburg and Franklin County to typify Republican "[[Red states and blue states|Red America]]". According to Brooks, there is little obvious income inequality and people don't define their place in society by their income level. They value the work ethic and are anti-union, [[anti-welfare]], pro-free market, and religious social conservatives. {{Blockquote|The joke that Pennsylvanians tell about their state is that it has Philadelphia on one end, Pittsburgh on the other, and Alabama in the middle. Franklin County is in the Alabama part . . . . The local culture owes more to Nashville, Houston, and Daytona than to Washington, Philadelphia, or New York . . . The conservatism I found in Franklin County is not an ideological or a reactionary conservatism. It is a temperamental conservatism. People place tremendous value on being agreeable, civil, and kind . . . They value continuity and revere the past.<ref>David Brooks, [https://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/12/brooks.htm One Nation, Slightly Divisible], The Atlantic Monthly, December 2001.</ref>}} == Government == The municipal government operates under the Pennsylvania Borough Code, with the town council holding both legislative and executive authority. The ten council members are elected from five wards; two from each ward with staggered four-year terms. The mayor administers the police department and can cast tie-breaking votes on the council. Other departments are administered by the Borough Manager. The current Borough Manager is Jeffrey Stonehill.<ref name="borough appointed">{{cite web | url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/government/appointed-officials.html |title = Appointed Officials|publisher=Borough of Chambersburg | access-date = May 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="borough structure">{{cite web | url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/html/structure.asp|title =Structure|publisher=Borough of Chambersburg| access-date = September 21, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928152652/http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/html/structure.asp |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The municipal budget of Chambersburg is abnormally large for a borough of its size, and the borough is one of only a few municipalities nationwide to have a municipal electric and gas utility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric {{!}} Borough of Chambersburg |url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/government/electric.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us}}</ref> As a result of these in-house facilities, Chambersburg has the 14th largest municipal budget in the state. Walter Bietsch became Mayor on January 2, 2018.<ref name="mayor office">{{cite web | url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/government/mayors-office.html |title =Mayor's Office |publisher=Borough of Chambersburg| access-date = May 27, 2018}}</ref> As of January 2020, the town council members are: <br /> Sharon A. Bigler, 4th Ward (D) <br /> Amer Chaudhry, 4th Ward (D) <br /> Allen B. Coffman, 1st Ward (R) <br /> Barbara Beattie, 3rd Ward (D) <br /> Alice C. Elia, 1st Ward (D)(Council President) <br /> Bill Everly, 5th Ward (R) <br /> John Huber, 2nd Ward (R) <br /> Kathy J. Leedy. 3rd Ward (D) <br /> Mike Herbert, 2nd Ward (R) (Council Vice President) <br /> Heath E. Talhelm, 5th Ward (D) Chambersburg is part of the 13th Congressional District of Pennsylvania and represented by [[John Joyce (American politician)|John Joyce]] (R) in the House of Representatives, and by [[John Fetterman]](D), and [[Bob Casey Jr.]](D) in the Senate.<ref name="town council">{{cite web | url=http://www.borough.chambersburg.pa.us/government/council-directory.html |title =Town Council Directory |publisher=Borough of Chambersburg| access-date = May 27, 2018}}</ref> == Education == {{Further|Wilson College (Pennsylvania)}} {{Further|Chambersburg Area Senior High School}} === Wilson College === [[Wilson College (Pennsylvania)|Wilson College]] is a private, Presbyterian-related, liberal arts college founded in 1869 as a women's college and named for its first major donor, Sarah Wilson of Chambersburg. The college has about 800 undergraduate students and is known for its Women With Children, Veterinary Medical Technician, and Equestrian programs. Once an all women's school, it began admitting male students in 2013. In 2009, the school opened the first "green" campus building, housing the science and technology department and featuring a full-length waterfall which begins on the third floor and ends in the building's basement. === Public schools === [[File:Diamondviewfolder14.gif|thumb|250px|Chambersburg High School in 1921]] Chambersburg Area Senior High School (CASHS),which is home to the CASHS men's tennis team, is a public school with around 2,400 students in grades 9β12, drawn from the borough of Chambersburg and the surrounding townships of Hamilton, Greene, Lurgan, Letterkenny and Guilford. CASHS is accredited by the Middle States Association and has occupied its current facilities since 1955. Principal Dr. Barry Purvis was recognized as the 2006 High School Principal of the Year by the Pennsylvania Association of Elementary and Secondary School Principals.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thegazettenews.com/absolutenm/templates/template.asp?articleid=9696&zoneid=25| archive-url=https://archive.today/20070929163547/http://www.thegazettenews.com/absolutenm/templates/template.asp?articleid=9696&zoneid=25| url-status=dead| archive-date=2007-09-29|title =Dr. Barry Purvis of CASHS named state High School Principal of the Year|publisher=thegazettenews.com| date = 2006-02-15| access-date = 2007-09-21 }}</ref> Until August 2011, J. Frank Faust Junior High School was the only public junior high school for eighth and ninth grade students of the Chambersburg Area School District. It served about 1400 students. J. Frank Faust is now a middle school for Chambersburg area students in the north. CAMS NORTH. It has 6th through 8th grade. Chambersburg Area Middle School SOUTH was the only middle school, but as of August 2011, it became CAMS SOUTH, 6th through 8th grade. During the 2001β02 school year, CAMS was recognized with the [[Blue Ribbon Schools Program|Blue Ribbon School]] Award of Excellence by the [[United States Department of Education]],<ref>[http://www.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/list-1982.pdf Blue Ribbon Schools Program: Schools Recognized 1982β1983 through 1999β2002 (PDF)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326055622/http://www.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/list-1982.pdf |date=March 26, 2009 }}, accessed May 11, 2006</ref> the highest award an American school can receive.<ref>[http://www.journalinquirer.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17475750&BRD=985&PAG=461&dept_id=161556&rfi=6 CIBA cited as one of the best by Education Department] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819233705/http://www.journalinquirer.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17475750&BRD=985&PAG=461&dept_id=161556&rfi=6 |date=August 19, 2007 }}, ''[[Journal Inquirer]]'', November 16, 2006. "The Blue Ribbon award is given only to schools that reach the top 10 percent of their state's testing scores over several years or show significant gains in student achievement. '''It is considered the highest honor a school can achieve'''."</ref><ref>Viers Mill School Wins Blue Ribbon; School Scored High on Statewide Test; ''[[The Washington Post]]''. September 29, 2005 '''"For their accomplishments, all three schools this month earned the status of Blue Ribbon School, the highest honor the U.S. Education Department can bestow upon a school."'''</ref> The Franklin County Career and Technology Center is also located in Chambersburg. FCCTC is a school designated for students and adults to learn vocational trades while still learning core subjects in school. The school offers training in about 20β30 different concentrations. There are currently six different school districts with students attending FCCTC: Chambersburg, Fannett-Metal, [[Greencastle-Antrim School District|Greencastle-Antrim]], Shippensburg, Tuscarora, and Waynesboro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.franklinctc.com/absolutenm/templates/fcctc.asp?articleid=1&zoneid=7 |title=Franklin County Career & Technology Center |access-date=2010-11-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607004033/http://www.franklinctc.com/absolutenm/templates/fcctc.asp?articleid=1&zoneid=7 |archive-date=June 7, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} accessed November 2, 2010</ref> The Chambersburg school district includes seventeen elementary schools. Many school are being upgraded, rebuilt, or closed because of out-of-date buildings and lack of space. As of July 2008, the current School Board President is Stanley Helman. Other members include Anne Boryan, Renee Sharpe, Norman Blowers, Lori Leedy, Fred Rice, Dave Schiamanna, and Joe Tosten. One seat is currently being filled after the resignation of the previous board president, Dr. Thomas Orndorff. <ref>[http://www.chambersburg.k12.pa.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=4929&PHPSESSID=a2beec476a2b6fbe510e8335577d9015 CASD Webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422151226/http://www.chambersburg.k12.pa.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=4929&PHPSESSID=19af958d1a63315b44405d3f4a3f5f1b |date=April 22, 2008 }} accessed May 29, 2008.</ref> === Scotland School for Veterans' Children === The Scotland School for Veterans' Children (SSVC) was a state owned school that offered tuition-free residential education for children of Pennsylvania residents who are veterans or are currently serving in the U.S. armed forces.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sites.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/Military_Affairs/DMVA/989.htm|title =Scotland School for Veteran's Children|publisher=Scotland School for Veteran's Children website| date = 2006-02-15| access-date = 2007-09-21 }} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Scotland School was founded in 1863 after two orphaned children begging for food knocked on the door of Pennsylvania's governor, [[Andrew Gregg Curtin]] of [[Centre County, Pennsylvania|Centre County]] north of Chambersburg. Governor Curtin and his wife realized the orphaned children of Pennsylvania's many soldiers had been forgotten. He established 70 'Soldier's Orphan Schools' across the state. Over time, the number of eligible students declined, and in 1895 all of the schools closed except that located in the unincorporated village of [[Scotland, Pennsylvania|Scotland]] about four miles (6 km) north of Chambersburg. The name was changed to Scotland School for Veteran's Children, then the Pennsylvania Soldiers Orphans Industrial School, and eligibility criteria changed to provide an education to any child of any veteran, whether that veteran was living or deceased (so the school's founding date is sometimes 1895). It had about 300 students in grades 3β12, annually. More than 10,000 students were educated at the school before it closed in 2009, when Pennsylvania's legislators concurred in the decision of Governor [[Ed Rendell]] to remove funding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foundationssvc.org/ |title=Foundation For Scotland School For Veterans' Children |access-date=2010-11-22 |last=Frame |first=C. Frank |year=2009 |work=Foundation web site |publisher=Foundation For Scotland School For Veterans' Children |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619133715/http://www.foundationssvc.org/ |archive-date=June 19, 2010 |quote=It is with a sad heart and a deep sense of loss that we must announce that the Scotland School for Veterans' Children, a 114-year-old veterans' benefit, is closing. As you may know Governor Edward G. Rendell did not fund the school in this year's budget and the legislature upheld that position in their budget approval. |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> The {{convert|186|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus contains about 70 buildings including residential cottages.<ref>[http://sites.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/Military_Affairs/DMVA/987.htm]{{dead link|date=August 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> === Private schools === Private schools include Corpus Christi, a Catholic school with 310 students and over 20 teachers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corpus.pa.net|title=Corpus Christi school website|website=Corpus.pa.net}}</ref> and Cumberland Valley Christian School, a private Christian kindergarten through twelfth grade academy located in Chambersburg. Cumberland Valley Christian School is affiliated with the Open Door Church and has approximately four hundred students. Other private schools include the Montessori Academy of Chambersburg (22 months-12th grade, non-sectarian<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chambersburgmontessori.org/|title=Montessori Academy of Chambersburg|website=Montessori Academy of Chambersburg|access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref>) and Shalom Christian Academy (K-12, Mennonite affiliation) a pre-K through twelfth grade academy with approximately five hundred students, and several elementary schools with Mennonite, Baptist, Brethren, Christian Science, and other religious orientations.<ref>[http://www.allprivateschools.org/private-schools-chambersburg-pa.html Private Schools in Chambersburg PA] accessed March 24, 2007.</ref> === Library === [[Image:Diamondviewfolder12.gif|thumb|right| 1921 post card of the Post Office building, which currently houses Coyle Free Library.]] Coyle Free Library<ref>[http://www.fclspa.org/coyle/coyle.htm Coyle Free Library] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012232654/http://fclspa.org/coyle/coyle.htm |date=October 12, 2006 }}</ref> has roots going back to 1891,<ref>[http://www.fclspa.org/coyle/H_libraryroots.htm Manuscript from the Coyle Free Library, Our Library Roots and Branches, Jane K. Schleicher, Librarian, November 7, 1979] accessed March 25, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929161110/http://www.fclspa.org/coyle/H_libraryroots.htm |date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> when a library of 166 books was organized by the local ''Afternoon Club''. A member of the club, Blanche Coyle, left a bequest of $30,435 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=30435|start_year=1915}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) in 1915 to construct a library building. The building was completed in 1924, located at the corner of Second and Queen Streets. Later the library was made part of the Franklin County Library and began to receive funds from the County and State, though the ''Afternoon Club'' still donated funds through at least 1979. The building it currently occupies is a former post office. == Media == === Newspapers === The ''[[Public Opinion (Chambersburg)|Chambersburg Public Opinion]]'' is the only daily newspaper published in town, and has weekday circulation about 17,000. It was founded in 1869 and is now owned by [[Gannett]].<ref>[http://www.publicopiniononline.com/aboutus ''Public Opinion'' About Us: Public Opinion: Part of life in the Cumberland Valley ] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120908061058/http://www.publicopiniononline.com/aboutus |date=September 8, 2012 }}</ref> === Television and radio === Franklin County is in the Harrisburg-Lancaster-York television market. Television reception can be poor because of the surrounding mountains. Harrisburg PBS station [[WITF-TV]] rebroadcasts via low-powered translator W34FM-D. All Harrisburg TV stations are available off air and on cable. WHTM is the first network affiliated television station to establish a bureau in Chambersburg. [[WDVM-TV]] and [[WWPB]] broadcast from nearby [[Hagerstown, Maryland]]. Chambersburg shares a radio market, the [[List of United States radio markets|165th largest in the United States]], with [[Waynesboro, Pennsylvania]], and [[Hagerstown, Maryland]].<ref>[http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp Market Ranks and Schedules 151β200], Arbitron, Fall 2007, Retrieved March 22, 2008.</ref> {{Susquehanna_Valley TV}} {{Hagerstown Radio}} == Sister city == * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Gotemba]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]], Japan<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=22&n=Shizuoka%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113132810/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=22&n=Shizuoka%20Prefecture|archive-date=January 13, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Notable people == [[File:George Keyports Brady.jpg|right|thumb|70px|Brady]] [[Image:Martin Robison Delany (before 1885).jpg|right|thumb|70px|Delany]] [[File:Gwen Ifill by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb|70px|Ifill]] * [[Betty Andujar]], Texas politician * [[D. Dudley Bloom]], [[United States Navy]] officer and American businessman * [[George K. Brady]], [[United States Army]] officer. Briefly [[Governors of Alaska#Commanders of the Department of Alaska|commander of the Department of Alaska]]. * [[Ike Brookens]], MLB player in 1975 with the [[Detroit Tigers]]. * [[Tom Brookens]], MLB player from 1979 to 1990, played third-base for the 1984 World Series Champion [[Detroit Tigers]] * [[Margaret Corbin]], Revolutionary War soldier known as "Captain Molly", although sometimes confused with Philadelphia's "[[Molly Pitcher]]" * [[Martin Delany]], Abolitionist publisher who in 1865 became the first African-American field officer in the U.S. Army, was educated in Chambersburg in the 1830s. * [[Gus Dorner]] Major League Baseball pitcher (1902β1909). * [[Ludwig Denig]], folk artist and apothecary<ref name="Wertkin2004">{{cite book|author=Gerard C. Wertkin|title=Encyclopedia of American Folk Art|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415929868|url-access=registration|date=2 August 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95614-1}}</ref> * [[Henry Burchard Fine]] (1858β1928) was a [[Dean (education)|dean]] at [[Princeton University]] and [[mathematician]]. * [[Steven Fogarty]], professional ice hockey player drafted by the [[New York Rangers]] in the third round of the [[2011 NHL Entry Draft]]. * [[Patrick Gass]] (1771β1870), the last surviving member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, was born just outside Chambersburg (Falling Spring). * [[Kenton Harper]], Virginia newspaper editor and Confederate army general during the Civil War, born and raised in Chambersburg * [[John Grier Hibben]], later President of [[Princeton University]], served as pastor of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church, 1888β1891. * [[Stephen D. Houston]], a renowned [[Mayanist]] scholar, epigrapher, and anthropologist was born in Chambersburg in 1958. * [[John Hughes (archbishop of New York)|John Hughes]], archbishop of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York]] lived in Chambersburg between 1817 and 1819 before going on to [[Mount St. Mary's University]]. His family is buried at the Corpus Christi Church Cemetery in Chambersburg. * [[Gwen Ifill]] (1955β2016) Journalist and author spent a portion of her childhood in Chambersburg while her father was pastor at St. James A.M.E. Church. * [[Lil Skies]], Hip Hop artist, born in Chambersburg on August 4, 1998 * [[Alexander McClure]], editor of the ''Franklin Repository'' from 1852 to 1864 * [[Bob Moorhead]] , was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the [[New York Mets]] * [[Mike Mowrey]], was an American professional baseball third baseman who played in the Major Leagues for Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers. * [[John Putch]], actor, filmmaker, son of [[Jean Stapleton]] * [[David Fullerton Robison]], a U.S. Representative, who in 1859 died of [[National Hotel disease]], was born here * [[The Shackeltons]], Post-Punk band formed in 2004 * [[Jean Gurney Fine Spahr]] (1861β1935), social reformer * [[Mitchell Stahl]], professional indoor volleyball player and Olympian. * [[Jean Stapleton]], stage/television/film actress best known for playing Edith Bunker on ''[[All in the Family]]'' * [[Abraham Stouffer]], settler, miller and founder of [[Stouffville, Ontario]], [[Canada]] * [[Frank Thomson (railroad executive)|Frank Thomson]], sixth president of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] * [[Zelda Wynn Valdes]], fashion designer and credited by some to be the creator of the original [[Playboy Bunny]] costume. Born in Chambersburg as Zelda Christian Barbour but grew up in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]]. * [[Joseph Winters]] an African-American inventor and abolitionist, moved to Chambersburg in 1830 == See also == * [[Chambersburg Raid]] * [[Fayetteville, Pennsylvania]] * [[Franklin County Regional Airport]] * [[Guilford, Pennsylvania]] * [[The Valley of the Shadow]] * [[WHGT]] * [[Bloom Brothers Department Stores]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Sources == * Alexander, Ted. ''Southern Revenge!: Civil War History of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania'' (White Mane Publishing Company, 1989). * Coddington, Edwin B. "Prelude to Gettysburg: The Confederates Plunder Pennsylvania." ''Pennsylvania History'' 30.2 (1963): 123-157. [https://journals.psu.edu/phj/article/viewFile/22935/22704 online] * Smith, Everard H. "Chambersburg: Anatomy of a Confederate Reprisal." ''American Historical Review'' 96#2 (1991): 432-455 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2163218 in JSTOR] on 1863 * {{Cite book | title = History of Franklin County| last = Bates | first = Samuel P. | year = 1887 | publisher=Warner, Beers, & Co.| location = Chicago| url=https://archive.org/stream/historyoffrankli00bate/historyoffrankli00bate_djvu.txt }} * {{Cite book | title = Tribute to the Principles, Virtues, Habits, and Public Usefulness, of the Irish and Scotch Early Settlers of Pennsylvania | last = Chambers | first = George | year = 1856 | location = Chambersburg|url = https://archive.org/details/tributetoprincip00cham}} * {{cite book | last =Chambersburg Community Development Committee | title =Chambersburg, Its Record and Its Prospects | publisher=Greater Chambersburg Chamber of Commerce | year =1945 | location =Chambersburg | page =165 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=hAjSAAAAMAAJ }} * {{cite web | title =Franklin County Historical Society β Kittochtinny | url =http://pafch.tripod.com/ | access-date =June 25, 2009 }} * {{Cite book | title = Chambersburg in the Colony and the Revolution: A Sketch| last = Garrard | first = Lewis Hector | year = 1856 | publisher=J.B. Lippincott| location = Philadelphia|url = https://archive.org/details/chambersburginc00penngoog| quote = chambersburg.}} * {{Cite book | title = Historical Sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania | last = M'Cauley | first = I.H. | year = 1878 | location = Chambersburg|url = https://archive.org/details/historicalsketch00inmcau}} * ''Images of America: Chambersburg'', Maurice Leonard Marotte III & Janet Kay Pollard (Arcadia, 2005) == External links == {{Commons category|Chambersburg, Pennsylvania}} {{Wikivoyage|Chambersburg}} * {{Official website|http://borough.chambersburg.pa.us/}} * [http://www.chambersburg.org/ Chambersburg Chamber of Commerce] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010425094955/http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/pics/burnt.html The Burning of Chambersburg] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051120124610/http://www.innernet.net/councilforthearts/ Council For The Arts] * [http://c.web.umkc.edu/crossonm/Diary/WZ1880/jan1880.htm The transcribed 1880 diary of William Zumbro, age 17, of Chambersburg, PA.] {{Franklin County, Pennsylvania}} {{County Seats of Pennsylvania}} {{Pennsylvania}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania| ]] [[Category:American Civil War sites]] [[Category:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Populated places on the Underground Railroad]] [[Category:County seats in Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1734]] [[Category:Boroughs in Franklin County, Pennsylvania]] [[Category:1803 establishments in Pennsylvania]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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