Cessna Citation X Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! {{short description|American business jet}} {{More citations needed|date=December 2007}} <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name = Cessna 750 Citation X |image = File:N975QS 2002 Cessna 750 C-N 750-0175 Citation X (7039507775).jpg |caption =Citation X }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type = [[Business Jet]] |manufacturer = [[Cessna]] |first flight = 21 December 1993 |introduced = July 1996<ref name="JAWA03 p600"/> |status = In service |primary user = [[NetJets]] |more users = [[XOJET]]<br/>[[AirX Charter]] <!-- this field is limited to THREE more users --> |produced = 1996β2018<ref name=Flight12mar2019>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/final-citation-x-delivered-after-22-year-run-456593/ |title= Final Citation X+ delivered after 22-year run <|date= 12 March 2019 |author= Jon Lake |work= Flightglobal}}</ref> |number built = 339: 310 X + 29 X+<ref name=Flight12mar2019/> |unit cost = {{AircraftCost|USA|23.365|m|year=2015|r=3|ref=<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/05/Business%20Airplane%20Tables_May_2015_revised.pdf |title= Business Jets Specification and Performance Data |publisher= Aviation Week |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |date= May 2015 |access-date= 2016-06-22 |archive-date= 2016-09-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160909224622/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/05/Business%20Airplane%20Tables_May_2015_revised.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>}} |variants with their own articles = | developed from= [[Cessna Citation III]] }} |} The '''Cessna Citation X{{efn|''X'' as in the Roman numeral for ''ten''}}''' is an American mid-size [[business jet]] produced by [[Cessna]] and part of the [[Cessna Citation family|Citation family]]. <section begin=summary/><!--timeline-->Announced at the October 1990 [[National Business Aviation Association|NBAA]] convention, the Model 750 made its [[maiden flight]] on December 21, 1993, received its [[type certification]] on June 3, 1996, and was first delivered in July 1996. <!--variants--> The updated '''Citation X+''' was offered from 2012 with a {{cvt|14|inch}} cabin stretch and upgraded systems. <!--design--> Keeping the [[Cessna Citation III|Citation III]] fuselage cross section, it has a new 37Β° [[swept wing]] with an area of 527 ftΒ² (49 m<sup>2</sup>) for a fast Mach 0.935 [[V speeds#Mach numbers|M<sub>MO</sub>]] and a 36,600 lb (16.6 t) MTOW for a 3,460 nmi (6,408 km) range, a T-tail and two 7,034 lbf (31.29 kN) [[AE3007]] turbofans. <!--production--> After 338 deliveries, production ended in 2018.<section end=summary/> ==Development== [[File:Cessna Citation X cabin interior.jpg|thumb|Double club cabin]] When the Citation X was announced, the Citation 650 series, the "family" at the top of the product line, the [[Cessna Citation III|Citations III, VI, and VII]], was eight years old. In 1990, Cessna made a proposition for an improved 650 model to their Customer Advisory Council. The council was interested in some new elements such as increased speed and a pressurized baggage compartment. This pushed Cessna toward the Citation X program, which became the new 750 series. Cessna wanted to improve the image of the Citation family. The Citation models that emerged in the 1970s were originally intended to be practical and with good handling qualities. Consequently, they turned out to be much slower than the competing [[Learjet]]s. Cessna had difficulties in shedding the popular image of the Citation as a slow airplane, even though their jets had eventually become as fast as the competition. The development of the Citation X was first announced at the [[National Business Aviation Association]] Convention in [[New Orleans]] in October 1990, with the first prototype making its maiden flight on December 21, 1993.<!--<ref name="JAWA03 p600"/>--> Originally scheduled for August 1995, the certification of the Cessna Citation X was delayed several times. First, failure of the airframe and engine to meet [[Federal Aviation Administration]] requirements caused the planned certification date postponement to late November 1995. The main delay reasons were troubles integrating the avionics and the engine to the aircraft, high-altitude and low-speed engine flameout (high wing attack angles caused insufficient airflow), engines not meeting the [[bird strike]] criteria and directional stability challenges. Efforts to increase the maximum take-off weight of the Citation X by about 800 pounds again delayed the FAA certification schedule, this time to April 1996. These changes were aimed at permitting a full-fuel payload of 1,400 pounds (seven passengers), but Cessna had difficulty achieving a balance between reducing Citation X cabin noise and minimizing the extra weight of sound-dampening materials. The certification, FAA FAR Part 25, Amendment 74, Certification 3, was finally achieved on June 3, 1996.<ref name="JAWA03 p600">Jackson, Paul. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003β2004''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. {{ISBN|0-7106-2537-5}}. p. 600.</ref> The first Citation X was delivered in July 1996 to golfer and long-time Cessna customer [[Arnold Palmer]].<!--<ref name="JAWA03 p600"/>--> Once in use, the Citation X continued to set speed records. Arnold Palmer set one of them in September 1997: {{convert|473|kn|km/h}} on a 5,000 km closed course. In February 1997, the Citation X design team was awarded the [[National Aeronautic Association]]'s [[Robert J. Collier Trophy]].<!--<ref name="JAWA03 p600"/>--> The Citation X was approved by [[Transport Canada]] on May 22, 1998, and by the European [[Joint Aviation Authorities]] in 1999. In October 2000, Cessna announced an upgrade for all Citation Xs to be delivered after January 1, 2002. The main characteristics of this upgraded version were a 5% increase in thrust, a {{convert|400|lb|abbr=on}} increase in maximum take-off weight, and improved Honeywell avionics.<ref name="JAWA03 p600"/> ===Citation X+=== In 2010, Cessna initiated a major update of the aircraft, initially dubbed the ''Citation Ten'', which included upgraded AE3007C2 engines with new fans, [[Garmin G3000|Garmin G5000]] flight displays with three {{convert|14|in|cm|adj=on}} screens, and an autothrottle system. The elliptical winglets that were available as an aftermarket option on the Citation X became standard, and a stretch of {{Convert|38|cm}} was incorporated to improve passenger comfort. Due to a 1.4% improvement in [[Thrust specific fuel consumption|Specific Fuel Consumption]] (SFC) and increased thrust, the Citation X+ can support an increase in payload of {{Convert|97|kg}}, an increase in cruise speed at FL490 from 460 to 479 knots, and a range increase of 190 nmi (352 km). First flight was completed on January 17, 2012. The height has been increased to 19 ft 3 in (5.85 m), length increased to 73 ft 7 in (22.43 m), wing span has been expanded to 69 ft 2 in (21.1 m), maximum takeoff weight has increased to 36,600 lb (16,602 kg), maximum cruise speed has increased to {{convert|527|kn|mph km/h}} at FL350, and maximum range has increased to {{convert|3242|nmi|mi km}} (MTOW, Full Fuel, Optimal Climb and Descent, Mach 0.82 Cruise, FL450).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cessna.txtav.com/~/media/files/citation/x/xsd.ashx |title=Cessna Citation X Specification and Description Preliminary |date=March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115235322/http://cessna.txtav.com/~/media/files/citation/x/xsd.ashx |archive-date=2017-01-15 |format=PDF |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Design== [[File:Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd (VP-CFP) Cessna 750 Citation X in the Douglas Aerospace hangar 2.jpg|thumb|Unpainted airframe showing metal construction]] {{Refimprove|date=March 2023}} The Citation X uses a new wing, tail, tail cone, landing gear, and systems, designed from scratch and not based on prior Citations. Part commonality is limited to some cockpit controls, the windshield, and the tail light bulb.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ReadyJetGo |title=Cessna Citation X |url=https://readyjetgo.medium.com/cessna-citation-x-private-jet-faf85e702c3 |website=Medium |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> The pressure bulkhead is also similar to previous designs. The Citation X has the same fuselage cross-section as the Citations III, VI and VII; however, the wing attachment to the fuselage is different from the attachment in previous Citation. The Citation X was the first aircraft from Cessna to use a Rolls-Royce engine and fully-integrated avionics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cessna.txtav.com/en/citation/xls|title = Citation XLS+}}</ref> The aircraft incorporates a number of innovative design features. One attribute that is often first noticed is the large diameter of the engine intakes. This feature, related to the high [[bypass ratio]] turbofan, reduces the noise from the engines and improves [[fuel efficiency]]. Another obvious characteristic is the highly [[swept wing]] with a [[supercritical airfoil]], used in order to increase the [[critical Mach number]] and therefore the top speed. The Citation X has 37 degrees of [[sweepback]] at the quarter chord, more than any other business jet and, among civil aircraft, second only to the [[Boeing 747]]'s 37.5 degrees. The horizontal and vertical stabilizers are also highly swept and are arranged in a T-tail configuration. ===Airframe=== [[File:Cessna 750 Citation X AN0983363.jpg|thumb|The [[area rule]]d fuselage]] A significant amount of effort throughout the design process was directed towards reducing the Citation X's total drag. The resulting design includes an [[area rule|area-ruled]] fuselage for efficient [[transonic]] flight and a highly swept [[supercritical wing]]. The Citation X's wing is slung below the fuselage rather than passing through it. This allows increased volume in the fuselage, a one-piece wing, and simplified wing-fuselage connections. ===Engines=== [[File:AE 3007engine1.JPG|thumb|[[Rolls-Royce AE 3007]] turbofan]] The Citation X is powered by two [[Rolls-Royce AE 3007]]C (up to S/N 750-172) or AE 3007C1 engines (S/N 750-173 and subsequent), each with 6442 lbs (28.66 kN) or 6764 lbs (30.09 kN)<ref>{{cite book|last=Cessna|title=Model 750 Pilot's Operating Handbook|publisher=Cessna Aircraft Company|location=Wichita, KS}}</ref> of thrust, respectively. They are pod-mounted on the sides of the rear fuselage. It is the first Cessna aircraft to be powered by a Rolls-Royce engine. The engine has solid [[titanium]] blades and a three-stage low-pressure turbine. The engine's fan has approximately a 5 to 1 bypass ratio for improved fuel efficiency and low acoustic signature. The unit also incorporates the Honeywell GTCP36-150CX Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). ===Powered controls=== Another first for Cessna is the inclusion of powered controls in the Citation X. The controls are powered by dual-hydraulic systems for redundancy. There are two elevators and the tailplane is all-moving for trim. The rudder is in two pieces: the lower portion is hydraulically powered and the upper portion is electrically powered. Each wing has five spoiler panels, to be used both for roll control (in addition to the ailerons) and as speed brakes. One of the major challenges of the Citation X design was finding enough space in the wing to run all the necessary hydraulic lines. As Paul Kalberer, the chief engineer of the Citation X program, explained, the Citation X needs just as many hydraulic pumps and actuators as a large airliner, but has much less space inside the wings. ===Avionics=== [[File:The front office of the Citation X (5100778418).jpg|thumb|Cockpit]] [[Honeywell]] provides the avionics system for the [[glass cockpit]]. The [[Honeywell Primus]] 2000 [[EFIS]] flight director system is composed of five 7-inch Γ 8-inch CRT screens. Dual flight management systems with [[GPS]] are standard. In the Citation X+ the avionics were changed to the Garmin G5000 system.<ref name=xplus-pilot-report /> ===Elliptical winglets=== In 2008, [[Winglet Technology]], with the help of Cessna, began flight testing epoxy/graphite elliptical [[winglets]] on a Citation X. Flight testing was nearing completion in late 2008, with FAA [[supplemental type certificate|supplemental type certification]] expected in 2009. The winglets increase range by 150 nm, lower fuel burn by 4β5%, improve hot and high performance as well as climb rate, permitting a climb to [[flight level]] 430 in 22 minutes, as opposed to 26 minutes without the modification. Climb to flight level 450 at maximum takeoff weight is possible without a [[step climb]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Winglet Technology Nearing Completion of Cessna Citation X Elliptical Winglet Flight Testing |url=http://www.skycontrol.net/industry/winglet-technology-nearing-completion-of-cessna-citation-x-elliptical-winglet-flight-testing/ |url-status=dead |access-date=22 June 2009 |publisher=Sky Control |date=5 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009045721/http://www.skycontrol.net/industry/winglet-technology-nearing-completion-of-cessna-citation-x-elliptical-winglet-flight-testing/ |archive-date=2008-10-09 |location=Orlando, FL }}</ref> Cruise speed at altitude is expected to increase by 15 knots, and maximum takeoff weight will increase by 1200 lbs (545 kg). Excluding installation, the kit's projected cost is $395,000.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Croft|first1=John|title=New winglet manufacturer excels on Citation X|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-winglet-manufacturer-excels-on-citation-x-317202/|access-date=22 June 2009|publisher=[[Flightglobal]]|date=10 October 2008|location=Washington DC}}</ref> Elliptical winglets were made standard on Citation X+.<ref name=xplus-pilot-report>{{cite web|url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2014-11-01/citation-x-pilot-report |title= Citation X+ Pilot Report}}</ref> ==Operators== Multiple companies have purchased the Cessna Citation X, including [[Waitt Radio Networks|Waitt Media]], [[Honeywell]], [[Target Corporation]], [[Marel|Townsend Engineering]], [[General Motors]] and [[Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories]] since 2002.<!--<ref name=BCA22may2018>--> Private owners included film director [[Sydney Pollack]], attorney [[Fred Furth]], Oracle's [[Larry Ellison]], entrepreneur [[Steve Fossett]], Formula One driver [[Nelson Piquet]], 45th US president [[Donald Trump]] and golfer [[Arnold Palmer]].<!--<ref name=BCA22may2018>--> [[NetJets]] ordered 60, then another 21, at the standard 10.5% discount, flying it 1,100 to 1,200 hr. per year, and [[XOJET]], started in 2006, operates 20 jets.<ref name=BCA22may2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/swan-song-citation-x-farewell-world-s-fastest-civil-aircraft#comment-1069361 |title= Swan Song For Citation X: Farewell To World's Fastest Civil Aircraft |date= May 22, 2018 |author= Fred George |work= Business & Commercial Aviation}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Deliveries 1996β2006,<ref name=GAMA2006>{{cite web |url= https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/2006gamastatisticaldatabook_pdf_498c8797c4.pdf |title= 2006 General Aviation Statistical Databook |publisher= GAMA |date= February 12, 2007 |access-date= June 26, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111711/https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/2006gamastatisticaldatabook_pdf_498c8797c4.pdf |archive-date= June 26, 2018 |url-status= dead }}</ref> 2004β2018<ref name=GAMA2017>{{cite web |url= https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/GAMA_2017_AnnualReport_ForWeb_0518.pdf |title= 2017 Annual Report |publisher= GAMA |date= 2018}}</ref> ! Variant ! 96 !! 97 !! 98 !! 99 !! 00 !! 01 !! 02 !! 03 !! 04 !! 05 !! 06 ! 07 !! 08 !! 09 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! ! {{#expr:7+28+30+36+37+34+31+18+15+14+12+17+16+7+3+3+6+9+6+4+4}} |- ! CE-750 Citation X | 7 || 28 || 30 || 36 || 37 || 34 || 31 || 18 || 15 || 14 || 12 | 17 || 16 || 7 || 3 || 3 || 6 || β || β || β || β || β || - || ! {{#expr:7+28+30+36+37+34+31+18+15+14+12+17+16+7+3+3+6}} |- ! CE-750 Citation X+ | β || β || β || β || β || β || β || β || β || β || β || | β || β || β || β || β || β || 9 || 6 || 4 || 4 || 6 || ! {{#expr:9+6+4+4+6}} |} ==Specifications== [[File:Cessna 750 Citation X AN1886076.jpg|thumb|Planform view showing the high 37Β° [[sweepback]]]] [[File:Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd (VP-CFP) Cessna 750 Citation X taxiing at Wagga Wagga Airport 1.jpg|thumb|Front view with large [[engine inlet]]s]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Variant ! Citation X<ref name=EASA-TCDSa>{{cite web |url= https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/EASA_TCDS_IM%20A%20097_C750_Issue3%20-%2007jan2016.pdf |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet No. EASA.IM.A.097 |publisher= EASA |date= January 7, 2016 |access-date=April 6, 2019}}</ref> ! Citation X+<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cessna.txtav.com/-/media/cessna/files/citation/xplus/xplus_productcard.ashx |title= Citation X+ |publisher= Cessna |date= 2015 |access-date= April 6, 2019 |archive-date= June 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170617184151/http://cessna.txtav.com/-/media/cessna/files/citation/xplus/xplus_productcard.ashx |url-status= dead }}</ref> |- ! Crew | colspan=2 | 2<ref name=FAA-TCDSa>{{cite news |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/7c49b3121e0c47b886257ea40054ab1b/$FILE/T00007WI_Rev_16.pdf |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet No. T00007WI |publisher= FAA |date= July 29, 2015 |access-date=April 6, 2019}}</ref> |- ! Passengers | colspan=2 | Up to 12 |- ! Length | 72.53 ft (22.04 m) | {{cvt|73|ft|7|in}} |- ! Span | 63.6 ft (19.39 m) | {{cvt|69|ft|2|in}} |- ! Height | 19.2 ft (5.85 m) | {{cvt|19|ft|3|in}} |- ! Wing area | colspan=2 | 527ftΒ² (48.96 m<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=EASA-TCDSa/> |- ! Empty weight | | {{cvt|22131|lb}} |- ! Max. takeoff weight | 35,700-36,100 lb (16,193-16,375 kg) | {{cvt|36600|lb}} |- ! Fuel capacity | colspan=2 | 13,000 lb (5,897 kg)<ref name=EASA-TCDSa/> |- ! [[Turbofan]]s | 2 Γ [[Rolls-Royce AE3007|AE3007]]C/C1 | 2 Γ AE3007C2 |- ! Thrust | 2 Γ 6442-6764 lbf (28.66-30.09 kN) | 2 Γ {{cvt|7034|lbf|kN}} |- ! Max speed |Mach .92 | {{cvt|.935|Mach|altitude_ft=38393|kn km/h|0}}<ref name=FAA-TCDSa/> |- ! Cruise speed | colspan="2" |{{cvt|528|kn|km/h}} |- ! Minimum control speed | colspan="2" |{{cvt|114|kn|km/h}}<ref name="FAA-TCDSa" /> |- ! Range | colspan="2" |{{cvt|3460|nmi|km}} |- ! Ceiling | colspan=2 | 51,000 ft (15,545 m)<ref name=EASA-TCDSa/> |- ! Time to altitude | colspan="2" |24 min to [[Flight level]] 470 |} ==See also== {{aircontent |related= * [[Cessna Citation|Cessna Citation series]] |similar aircraft= * [[Gulfstream G200]] * [[Cessna Citation Sovereign]] * [[Challenger 300]] * [[Dassault Falcon 50]] * [[Embraer Legacy 450/500 and Praetor 500/600]] * [[Embraer Legacy 600]] / [[Embraer Legacy 650|650]] * [[Raytheon Hawker 4000]] }} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons and category}} * {{official website|http://cessna.txtav.com/en/citation/x}} {{Citation family}} {{Cessna}} [[Category:Cessna aircraft|Citation X]] [[Category:1990s United States business aircraft]] [[Category:Twinjets]] [[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] [[Category:Cessna Citation family|Citation 010]] [[Category:T-tail aircraft]] [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1993]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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