Carlinville, Illinois

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Carlinville, Illinois
| official_name = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Illinois|City]]
| image_skyline = Macoupin County Courthouse, Carlinville.jpg
| imagesize = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = [[Macoupin County Courthouse]] in Carlinville
| image_flag = 
| image_seal = 
| etymology = 
| nickname = 
| motto = 
| anthem = 
| image_map = File:Macoupin County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Carlinville Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location in Macoupin County, Illinois
| image_map1 = Illinois in United States (US48).svg
| mapsize1 =
| map_alt1 = 
| map_caption1 = 
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_label = Carlinville
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| coordinates = {{coord|39|16|36|N|89|51|56|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| grid_name = 
| grid_position = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Illinois
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Macoupin County, Illinois|Macoupin]]
| subdivision_type3 = Townships
| subdivision_name3 = [[Carlinville Township, Macoupin County, Illinois|Carlinville]]<br/>[[Brushy Mound Township, Macoupin County, Illinois|Brushy&nbsp;Mound]]
| subdivision_type4 = 
| subdivision_name4 = 
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1865
| founder = 
| named_for = 
| seat_type = 
| seat = 
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type = 
| governing_body = 
| leader_party = 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Sarah Oswald]]
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| leader_name1 = 
| total_type = 
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2022">{{cite web |title=2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Illinois |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_17.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=February 8, 2023}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 8.72
| area_total_sq_mi = 3.37
| area_land_km2 = 8.72
| area_land_sq_mi = 3.37
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 617
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US1711202&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Carlinville city, Illinois: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=February 8, 2023}}</ref>
| population_total = 5710
| population_density_km2 = 654.48
| population_density_sq_mi = 1694.86
| timezone1 = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1 = -6
| timezone1_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = -5
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 62626
| area_code = [[Area code 217|217]]
| geocode = 
| iso_code = 
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 17-11202
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2393743<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393743}}</ref>
| blank2_name = 
| blank2_info = 
| blank2_name_sec2 = Wikimedia Commons
| blank2_info_sec2 = Carlinville, Illinois
| website = {{URL|www.cityofcarlinville.com}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Carlinville''' is a city and the [[county seat]] of [[Macoupin County, Illinois|Macoupin County]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 5,710.

It is the home of [[Blackburn College (Illinois)|Blackburn College]], a small college affiliated with the [[Presbyterian]] church. The city is the former home of [[Prairie Farms Dairy]].

== History ==
Carlinville is named for [[Thomas Carlin]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n68 69]}}</ref> seventh [[governor of Illinois]], who as a member of the state legislature was instrumental in creating Macoupin County.

Carlinville has long been a site of Illinois history, and played host to many presidential hopefuls via campaign stops at a time in American history when railway routes produced many visits by politicians. Perhaps the largest and most important hallmark of Carlinville's history is its courthouse, the largest built outside of New York City at the time of its erection. Built in 1870 and designed by famous state capitol building architect [[Elijah E. Myers]], the construction of Carlinville's courthouse produced its candidacy for the location of the state capitol.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}} Locally, it is known as "The Million Dollar Courthouse" due to its cost overruns at the time it was built.

In the early 1900s Carlinville became the site of a great many [[Sears Catalog Homes]]. An entire neighborhood was constructed of the homes and was funded, in 1918, by [[Standard Oil of Indiana]] for its mineworkers in Carlinville, at a cost of approximately one million dollars. In gratitude, Sears, Roebuck named one of its house models the "Carlin". Today 149 of the original 156 homes still exist, the largest single repository of Sears Catalog Homes in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/apr/16/business/fi-searshouses16|title=Push to catalog mail-order homes|date=16 April 2007|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=3 July 2017|first=Deborah |last=Hastings |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>

One notable resident of Carlinville was American entomologist [[Charles Robertson (entomologist)|Charles Robertson]], who carried out what is still the single most intensive study of flower-visiting insects of a single locality (Carlinville), culminating in a 221-page book published in 1928 under the title ''Flowers and Insects''. From among the specimens he collected in the process of doing this study, he named over 100 new species of [[bee]]s and [[wasp]]s. Scientists in 1970–1972 did a similar survey, and found that most of the bees noted by Robertson were still present. This is presumably due to the existence of bee habitat in hedgerows, on slopes, and in other non-agricultural land in the survey area.<ref name="marlin">{{citation | url = http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss1/art9/ | author = Marlin, J. C. and W. E. LaBerge | year = 2001 | title = The native bee fauna of Carlinville, Illinois, revisited after 75 years: a case for persistence | journal = Conservation Ecology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 9 | doi = 10.5751/ES-00244-050109 | hdl = 10535/2554 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

Other notable Carlinvillians include nature writer and novelist [[Mary Hunter Austin]], once called "the most intelligent woman in America" by [[H.G. Wells]],<ref>{{Citation | author=Kort, Carol |title=A to Z of American women writers |year=2007 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyvXLgnTNpIC&q=mary+hunter+austin+hg+wells+most+intelligent&pg=PA16 | isbn=978-0-8160-6693-3 |ref=CivDis}}))</ref> distinguished military personnel, politicians, and others.

==Geography==
Carlinville is in central Macoupin County. Illinois Routes [[Illinois Route 4|4]] and [[Illinois Route 108|108]] pass through the city center, joining as East 1st South Street through the city's east side. Route 4 leads north-northeast {{convert|40|mi}} to [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]], the state capital, and south {{convert|21|mi}} to [[Staunton, Illinois|Staunton]], while Route 108 leads east {{Convert|13|mi}} to [[Interstate 55]] and west {{convert|29|mi}} to [[Carrollton, Illinois|Carrollton]].

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], Carlinville has a total area of {{convert|3.37|sqmi}}, all land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2022"/> Briar Creek passes through the east side of the city, joining [[Macoupin Creek]] just south of the city limits. Macoupin Creek is a west-flowing tributary of the [[Illinois River]].

===Climate===
{{Weather box   <!-- Infobox begins -->
| single line = Y
| location    = Carlinville, Illinois, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893&ndash;2022

|Jan record high F = 74
|Feb record high F = 82
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 92
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 106
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 110
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F = 95
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 74

<!-- Average high temperatures -->
| Jan high F  =36.1
| Feb high F  =41.3
| Mar high F  =52.1
| Apr high F  =65.1
| May high F  =74.1
| Jun high F  =82.9
| Jul high F  =86.2
| Aug high F  =85.0
| Sep high F  =79.2
| Oct high F  =67.0
| Nov high F  =52.9
| Dec high F  =40.9
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean F  =27.7
| Feb mean F  =32.2
| Mar mean F  =42.1
| Apr mean F  =54.0
| May mean F  =63.8
| Jun mean F  =72.8
| Jul mean F  =76.1
| Aug mean F  =74.3
| Sep mean F  =67.1
| Oct mean F  =55.4
| Nov mean F  =43.0
| Dec mean F  =32.8
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
| Jan low F  =19.2
| Feb low F  =23.0
| Mar low F  =32.2
| Apr low F  =42.9
| May low F  =53.5
| Jun low F  =62.6
| Jul low F  =66.0
| Aug low F  =63.6
| Sep low F  =55.1
| Oct low F  =43.9
| Nov low F  =33.2
| Dec low F  =24.6

|Jan record low F = -22
|Feb record low F = -23
|Mar record low F = -12
|Apr record low F = 16
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 37
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 25
|Oct record low F = 14
|Nov record low F = -4
|Dec record low F = -20

<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
| precipitation colour    =  green
| Jan precipitation inch  =2.28
| Feb precipitation inch  =2.09
| Mar precipitation inch  =2.90
| Apr precipitation inch  =4.67
| May precipitation inch  =4.27
| Jun precipitation inch  =4.64
| Jul precipitation inch  =3.44
| Aug precipitation inch  =3.24
| Sep precipitation inch  =3.32
| Oct precipitation inch  =3.31
| Nov precipitation inch  =3.53
| Dec precipitation inch  =2.32

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 8.5
|Feb precipitation days = 7.1
|Mar precipitation days = 9.0
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 9.4
|Jul precipitation days = 8.1
|Aug precipitation days = 7.3
|Sep precipitation days = 8.1
|Oct precipitation days = 8.9
|Nov precipitation days = 8.0
|Dec precipitation days = 7.8

<!-- Snowfall -->
| Jan snow inch  =5.8
| Feb snow inch  =4.7
| Mar snow inch  =2.3
| Apr snow inch  =0.0
| May snow inch  =0.0
| Jun snow inch  =0.0
| Jul snow inch  =0.0
| Aug snow inch  =0.0
| Sep snow inch  =0.0
| Oct snow inch  =0.0
| Nov snow inch  =0.9
| Dec snow inch  =2.8

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.4
|Feb snow days = 1.7
|Mar snow days = 1.2
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 1.4

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00111280&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Carlinville, IL
|access-date = February 25, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=lsx
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS St. Louis
|access-date = February 25, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 3117
|1890= 3293
|1900= 3502
|1910= 3616
|1920= 5212
|1930= 4144
|1940= 4965
|1950= 5116
|1960= 5440
|1970= 5675
|1980= 5439
|1990= 5416
|2000= 5685
|2010= 5917
|2020= 5710
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 5,685 people, 2,125 households, and 1,393 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,390|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,289 housing units at an average density of {{convert|962.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.01% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.50% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.25% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.26% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.23% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.74% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 2,125 households, of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,259, and the median income for a family was $39,693. Males had a median income of $35,137 versus $21,286 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,663. About 9.0% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
[[Illinois Route 4]] passes north to south through Carlinville. Interstate 55 passes {{convert|12|mi}} east of the city.  [[Illinois Route 108]] passes through Carlinville connecting Interstate 55 to the east with [[Kampsville, Illinois|Kampsville]] to the west, where it crosses the [[Illinois River]] on a free, state-operated [[ferry]].

The [[Carlinville station|Carlinville Amtrak station]] is served directly by five daily trains, offering easy access south to [[St. Louis]] and north to Springfield and [[Chicago]]. One train is the ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' which connects Chicago to [[Texas]] and features sleeping cars, a dining car and a lounge.

Freight rail service is provided by the [[Union Pacific Railroad]], formerly the [[Gulf, Mobile and Ohio]], the [[Illinois Central Gulf]], the [[Chicago, Missouri and Western]], and the Southern Pacific Chicago - St. Louis Railways. The main line of the GM&O passed through Carlinville.

The [[Illinois Terminal Railroad]], an electric interurban to St. Louis from Springfield that once provided both freight and passenger service, passed down the middle of Carlinville's West Street. It was still operating freight trains on West Street to a nearby [[grain elevator]] into the 1970s. Its trestle crossing Goat Hollow south of Carlinville burned severing the line, which was then abandoned. A small portion of the line is used by Monterey Coal Co. mine to connect with the former [[Chicago and North Western Transportation Company]] L & M District, serving [[coal-fired power plants]].

==Notable people==
{{div col}}
* [[Walter Stratton Anderson]] (1881–1981), U.S. Navy vice admiral
* [[Mary Hunter Austin]] (1868–1934), writer
* [[Dana J. Boente]] (1954– ), General Counsel of the FBI and former Acting Attorney General of the United States
* [[William A. Boring]] (1859–1934), architect 
* [[Frank W. Burton]] (1857-1934), Illinois state legislator and judge
* [[Kelsey Card]] (1992- ), Olympic discus thrower
* [[Louis P. Daley]] (1868–1930), Illinois state representative
* [[Vince Demuzio]] (1941-2004), Illinois state senator and chairman of the Illinois Democratic Party
* [[Palemon Howard Dorsett]] (1862–1943), horticulturalist
* [[Cornelius J. Doyle]] (1871–1938), Illinois Secretary of State
* [[David Gore]] (1823–1911), Illinois state senator and State Auditor
* [[Mark Juergensmeyer]] (1940– ), religious scholar
* [[Truman H. Landon]] (1905–1986), U.S. Air Force general
* [[Louis John Lanzerotti]] (1938- ), research professor of physics, [[New Jersey Institute of Technology]]
* [[Gustave Loehr]] (1864–1918), co-founder of [[Rotary International]]
* [[Peter F. Mack Jr.]] (1916–1986), [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]] from Illinois
* [[William Moise]] (1922–1980), artist
* [[William L. Mounts]] (1862–1929), Illinois state legislator, lawyer, and mayor of Carlinville
* [[John M. Palmer]] (1817-1900), 15th [[Governor of Illinois]]
* [[John McAuley Palmer (general)|John McAuley Palmer]] (1870–1955), U.S. Army general
* [[Charles Robertson (entomologist)|Charles Robertson]] (1858–1935), entomologist
* [[Richard Rowett]] (1830-1887), Civil War officer and horse breeder
* [[W. O. Woods]] (1873-1951), [[Treasurer of the United States]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|www.cityofcarlinville.com}}
*[http://www.carlinville.com Carlinville Chamber of Commerce]

{{Metro-East}}
{{St. Louis MSA}}
{{Macoupin County, Illinois}}
{{Illinois county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Macoupin County, Illinois]]
[[Category:County seats in Illinois]]