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Do not fill this in! {{Short description|Canadian public broadcaster}} {{Redirect|Radio-Canada|the CBC's main French-language television network|ICI Radio-Canada Télé|the CBC's main French-language radio network|Ici Radio-Canada Première|the international broadcasting service of the CBC|Radio Canada International}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Use Canadian English|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox company | name = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation<br />''{{smaller|{{nobold|{{lang|fr|Société Radio-Canada}}}}}}'' | logo = CBC logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | logo_caption = | image = CBC Ottawa Broadcast Centre - 06a.jpg | image_caption = [[CBC Ottawa Production Centre|CBC Headquarters]] in [[Ottawa]] in 2019 | type = [[Crown corporations of Canada|Crown corporation]] | industry = {{plainlist| * [[Mass media]] * [[Public broadcasting]] * [[Radio]] * [[Television]] * [[Digital media]] }} | predecessor = [[Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission]] | area_served = National; available on terrestrial and cable systems in northern American border communities; available internationally via Internet, [[Sirius XM]] and on TV | key_people = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Goldbloom]] ([[Chair (officer)|Chair]]) * [[Catherine Tait]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) * Barbara Williams ({{abbr|EVP|executive vice president}} English Networks) * Michel Bissonnette ({{abbr|EVP|executive vice-president}} French Networks) }} | products = {{plainlist| * [[Television]] * [[Radio]] * [[Digital media]] }} | services = {{plainlist| * [[CBC Television]] * [[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]] * [[CBC Radio]] * [[CBC News]] * [[CBC.ca]] * [[Radio-Canada.ca]] }} | revenue = {{Decrease}} {{CAD|link=yes}}503.94 million{{efn|Revenue was $1,898.29 million including government funding}}<br />([[Fiscal year|FY]] 2021)<ref name="financial-results">{{Cite web|url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021|title=CBC/Radio-Canada Annual Report 2020–2021|website=site-cbc.radio-canada.ca|access-date=September 16, 2022|archive-date=September 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916223855/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> | operating_income = {{Increase}} $173.24 million (FY 2021)<ref name="financial-results"/> | net_income = {{Increase}} [[Canadian Dollar|$]]142.09 million (FY 2021)<ref name="financial-results"/> | owner = | num_employees = 7,444 (March 2018)<ref name="operations">{{Cite web|url=https://site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2017-2018/about-us/our-operations-en.html|title=CBC/Radio-Canada Annual Report 2017–2018|website=site-cbc.radio-canada.ca|access-date=August 8, 2019|archive-date=August 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808011807/https://site-cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2017-2018/about-us/our-operations-en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | module = {{Infobox government agency | child = yes | name = | type = corporation | minister1_name = [[Pascale St-Onge]] | minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Canadian Heritage]] | keydocument1 = ''[https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate Broadcasting Act]'', 1991 }} | footnotes = {{notelist}} | foundation = {{Start date and age|1936|11|2}} (radio)<br />{{Start date and age|1952|9|6}} (television) | location = [[CBC Ottawa Production Centre]], [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada | homepage = {{Official URL}} }} The '''Canadian Broadcasting Corporation''' ({{lang-fr|Société Radio-Canada}}), branded as '''CBC/Radio-Canada''', is the Canadian [[Public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] for both [[radio]] and [[television]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=McCausland|first1=Tammy|title=The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|url=http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/canadian-broadcasting-corporation.html|website=Maple Leaf Web|date=June 1, 2010|access-date=May 25, 2017|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018014640/http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/canadian-broadcasting-corporation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is a [[crown corporations of Canada|Crown corporation]] that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its English-language and French-language service units commonly known as '''CBC''' and '''Radio-Canada''', respectively. Although some local stations in Canada predate its founding, the CBC is the oldest continually-existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936.<ref>[http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/networks/networks_CBC_Radio.html Canadian Communications Foundation]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050315055938/http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/networks/networks_CBC_Radio.html |date=March 15, 2005 }}.</ref> The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-language [[CBC Radio One]] and [[CBC Music]], and the French-language [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]] and [[Ici Musique]] (international radio service [[Radio Canada International]] historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website). The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-language [[CBC Television]] and the French-language [[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]], along with the satellite/cable networks [[CBC News Network]], [[Ici RDI]], [[Ici Explora]], [[Documentary Channel (Canada)|Documentary Channel]] (partial ownership), and [[Ici ARTV]]. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names [[CBC North]], and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including [[CBC.ca]]/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, [[CBC Radio 3]], [[CBC Music]]/ICI.mu, and [[TOU.TV|Ici.TOU.TV]]. CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French, and eight [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|indigenous]] languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, [[Radio Canada International]] (RCI).<ref>{{cite news |title=Radio Canada International goes off-air, moving online-only after 67 years of shortwave service |url=http://j-source.ca/article/radio-canada-international-goes-air-moving-online-only-after-67-years-shortwave-service |access-date=June 6, 2013 |newspaper=J-Source |date=June 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701143352/http://www.j-source.ca/article/radio-canada-international-goes-air-moving-online-only-after-67-years-shortwave-service |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned [[broadcast translator|rebroadcast transmitters]], including communities not subject to Canada's [[#Over-the-air digital television transition|over-the-air digital television transition]]. The CBC's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since then its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, the CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and {{lang|fr|Ici Musique}}, introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016. == History == {{more citations needed section|date=June 2018}} {{Main|History of broadcasting in Canada|Timeline of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}} In 1929, the [[Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting|Aird Commission]] on [[public broadcasting]] recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the growing influence of American radio broadcasting as U.S.-based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, [[Canadian National Railways]] was making a radio network to keep its passengers entertained and give it an advantage over its rival, CP. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC. [[Graham Spry]] and [[Alan Plaunt]] lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the [[Canadian Radio League]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Babe |first1=Robert |title=Graham Spry |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=April 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106182625/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/graham-spry |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1932 the government of [[R. B. Bennett]] established the CBC's predecessor, the [[Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission]] (CRBC).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Museum of Broadcast Communications|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1082196633|title=Encyclopedia of radio. Volume 1, A-E|date=2004|others=Michael C. Keith, Christopher H. Sterling|isbn=978-0-203-48428-9|location=London|pages=417|oclc=1082196633|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=March 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317103207/https://www.worldcat.org/title/1082196633|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:CBC journalists in Montreal.jpg|thumb|Journalists in a CBC newsroom in [[Montreal]] in November 1944]] The CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the [[Canadian National Railway]]. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central and eastern Canada. On November 2, 1936, the CRBC was reorganized under its present name. While the CRBC was a state-owned company, the CBC was a [[Crown corporations of Canada|Crown corporation]] on the model of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], which had been reformed from a private company into a statutory corporation in 1927. [[Leonard Brockington]] was the CBC's first chairman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1936: CBC Radio takes to the air|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1936-cbc-radio-takes-to-the-air|url-status=live|website=CBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102234354/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1936-cbc-radio-takes-to-the-air |archive-date=November 2, 2015 }}</ref> For the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was in part because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster but the chief regulator of Canadian broadcasting. It used this dual role to snap up most of the [[clear-channel station|clear-channel licences]] in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in December 1937.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=CBC Radio-Canada French Radio Network {{!}} History of Canadian Broadcasting|url=https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/cbc-radio-canada-french-radio-network|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=www.broadcasting-history.ca|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152101/https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/cbc-radio-canada-french-radio-network|url-status=live}}</ref> It introduced [[FM radio]] to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service was not launched until 1960.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=CBC Through the Years|url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/your-public-broadcaster/history|url-status=live|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=cbc.radio-canada.ca|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101225251/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/your-public-broadcaster/history |archive-date=January 1, 2020 }}</ref> Television broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6, 1952, with the opening of a station in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] ([[CBFT]]), and a station in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] ([[CBLT]]) opening two days later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBC makes its first television broadcast|url=https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/cbc-makes-its-first-television-broadcast/|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=Your Museum. Your Stories.|language=en-US|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152101/https://www.historymuseum.ca/blog/cbc-makes-its-first-television-broadcast/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CBC MAKES ITS FIRST TELEVISION BROADCAST|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1952-cbc-television-debuts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928122916/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1952-cbc-television-debuts |archive-date=September 28, 2015 }}</ref> The CBC's first privately owned [[Network affiliate|affiliate]] television station, [[CICI-TV|CKSO]] in [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]], Ontario, launched in October 1953.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBC Television Network {{!}} History of Canadian Broadcasting|url=https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/television/cbc-television-network|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=www.broadcasting-history.ca|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152100/https://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/television/cbc-television-network|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Torontoist|date=September 6, 2008|title=Historicist: Television Comes to Toronto|url=https://torontoist.com/2008/09/historicist_television_comes_to_tor/|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=Torontoist|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152051/https://torontoist.com/2008/09/historicist_television_comes_to_tor/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, all private stations were expected to affiliate with the CBC, a condition that relaxed in 1960–61 with the launch of [[CTV Television Network|CTV]]. From 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two services known as the [[Trans-Canada Network]] and the [[Dominion Network]]. The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, while the former became known as CBC Radio. (In the late 1990s, CBC Radio was rebranded as [[CBC Radio One]] and CBC Stereo as CBC Radio Two. The latter was rebranded slightly in 2007 as [[CBC Radio 2]].) [[File:CBC Radio Canada Chevrolet Express 02.jpg|thumb|A CBC [[satellite truck]], used for remote television broadcasts]] On July 1, 1958, the CBC's television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBC's own ''[[The Forest Rangers (TV series)|The Forest Rangers]]'' in 1963.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 14, 2013|title=CBC TV's The Forest Rangers celebrates 50th anniversary|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2013/06/14/cbc_tvs_the_forest_rangers_celebrates_50th_anniversary.html|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=thestar.com|language=en|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152050/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2013/06/14/cbc_tvs_the_forest_rangers_celebrates_50th_anniversary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Colour television broadcasts commenced on July 1, 1966, and full-colour service began in 1974.<ref>{{Cite news|title=CBC in living colour – CBC Archives|language=en|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/cbc-in-living-colour|access-date=April 22, 2021|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507041629/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/cbc-in-living-colour|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=International|first=Radio Canada|date=September 6, 2016|title=History: Television begins in Canada, Sept.06, 1952|url=https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/09/06/history-television-begins-in-canada-sept-06-1952/|access-date=April 22, 2021|website=RCI {{!}} English|language=en-US|archive-date=April 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152051/https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/09/06/history-television-begins-in-canada-sept-06-1952/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1978, the CBC became the first broadcaster in the world to use an orbiting satellite for television service, linking Canada "from east to west to north". The mission of CBC is contributing to the "moral economy of the nation".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mosaic|first=Taras|title=The ever-shrinking world of public broadcasting|year=2015}}</ref> === Frontier Coverage Package === Starting in 1967 and continuing until the mid-1970s, the CBC offered a "Frontier Coverage Package" of limited television service to remote northern communities.<ref name="TV north of 60" /> Low-power television transmitters carried a four-hour selection of black-and-white [[videotape]]d programs each day. The tapes were recorded in [[Calgary]] and flown into a community with a transmitter, put on the air, and then transported to another community, often by the "bicycle" method used in [[television syndication]]. Transportation delays ranged from one week for larger centres to almost a month for small communities.<ref>{{cite thesis |type=M.A. |last=Hunter |first=Gordon |title=Native communications in Canada uses of and access to the broadcast media in the 1970s. |date=1980 |publisher=University of Windsor (Canada) |url=https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/2813/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |format=PDF |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317032020/https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/2813/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:CBC North studio Iqaluit.JPG|thumb|[[CBC North]] studios in [[Iqaluit]] in 2011]] The first stations were started in [[Yellowknife]], Northwest Territories; [[Lynn Lake]], Manitoba; and [[Havre-Saint-Pierre]], Quebec, in 1967.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Lorna |url=https://archive.org/details/somethingnewinai0000roth |title=Something New in the Air: The Story of First Peoples Television Broadcasting in Canada |publisher=[[McGill–Queen's University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7735-7244-7 |page=71 |oclc=243600946 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="TV north of 60">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Lorna |chapter=Television Broadcasting North of 60 |date=September 27, 2017 |url=http://books.openedition.org/uop/1433 |title=Images of Canadianness: Visions on Canada's Politics, Culture, and Economics |pages=147–166 |editor-last=D'Haenens |editor-first=Leen |publisher=[[University of Ottawa Press]] |isbn=978-0-7766-2709-0 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418143723/https://books.openedition.org/uop/1433 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another station began operating in [[Whitehorse]], Yukon in November 1968.<ref>{{cite news |title=Now It's Tuesday For CBC TV |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122664932/whitehorse-cbc-tv-station-to-sign-on/ |access-date=April 11, 2023 |work=Whitehorse Daily Star |date=November 21, 1968 |page=2 |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411102428/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122664932/whitehorse-cbc-tv-station-to-sign-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Additional stations were added from 1969 to 1972. Most of the stations were reconfigured in 1973 to receive CBC Television programming from the [[Anik (satellite)|Anik]] satellite in colour and live with the rest of Canada. Those serving the largest centres signed on with colour broadcasts on February 5, 1973, and most of the others were added before spring of that year.<ref name="Anik live tv">{{cite news |title=First live TV broadcasting due in North via satellite |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121169452/live-tv-to-come-to-northern-canada/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |work=The Vancouver Sun |date=February 2, 1973 |page=22 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319055439/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121169452/live-tv-to-come-to-northern-canada/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Broadcasts were geared to either the [[Atlantic Time Zone]] (UTC−4 or −3), originating from [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] and later [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], or the [[Pacific Time Zone]] (UTC−8 or −7), originating from [[Vancouver]],<ref name="TV survey 1973">{{cite news |title=A TV Survey of the Yukon, NWT, Nfld and Northern Quebec |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121174354/live-tv-comes-to-whitehorse/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |work=Whitehorse Daily Star |date=February 7, 1973 |page=20 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331065207/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121174354/live-tv-comes-to-whitehorse/ |url-status=live }}</ref> even though the audience resided in communities in time zones varying from UTC−5 to UTC−8; the reason for this was that the CBC originated its programs for the Atlantic Time Zone, and a key station in each time zone would record the broadcast for the appropriate delay of one, two or three hours; the programs were originated again for the Pacific zone. The northern stations picked up one of these two feeds, with the western NWT stations picking up the Pacific feed.<ref name="Anik live tv" /> Some in northern areas of the provinces were connected by [[microwave transmission|microwave]] to a CBC broadcast centre within their own province.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hume |first1=Steve |title=Remote outposts linked by phone |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122668079/remote-outposts-linked-by-phone/ |access-date=April 11, 2023 |work=Edmonton Journal |date=January 15, 1973 |page=47 |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411102426/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122668079/remote-outposts-linked-by-phone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of these stations used non-CBC [[call sign]]s such as [[CFWH-TV]] in Whitehorse, CFYK in Yellowknife, CFFB in Frobisher Bay and CHAK in Inuvik, while some others used the standard CB_T callsign but with five letters (e.g. CBDHT). [[telecommunications link|Uplinks]] in the North were usually a [[satellite truck|temporary unit]] brought in from the south. A [[ground station]] uplink was later established in Yellowknife, and then in Whitehorse and Iqaluit. Television programs originating in the North began in 1979 with the monthly news magazine ''Our Ways'', produced in Yellowknife,<ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Report 1979–1980 |url=https://resources.library.upei.ca/govdocs/CBC/BC1-1980.pdf |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=March 19, 2023 |page=16 |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320042010/https://resources.library.upei.ca/govdocs/CBC/BC1-1980.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and graduated to half-hour newscasts (''Northbeat'' and {{transliteration|iu|Igalaaq}}) on weekdays in 1995.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nightly news program to debut Tuesday |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121996309/cbc-northbeat-and-igalaaq-debut/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |work=Whitehorse Daily Star |date=November 9, 1995 |page=14 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331094900/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121996309/cbc-northbeat-and-igalaaq-debut/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Until then, there were occasional temporary uplinks for such things as territorial election returns coverage; Yukon had the first such coverage in 1985,<ref>{{cite news |title=Results on TV, radio |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122660823/yukon-1985-election-coverage-on-tv-and/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |work=Whitehorse Daily Star |date=May 13, 1985 |page=4 |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411045743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122660823/yukon-1985-election-coverage-on-tv-and/ |url-status=live }}</ref> though because it happened during the Stanley Cup playoffs, equipment was already spoken for, so CBC rented the equipment of [[CITV-TV]] [[Edmonton]] to use in Whitehorse that evening. === 2011 transition to digital television === {{see also|Digital television in Canada|List of defunct CBC and Radio-Canada television transmitters}} [[File:RCI Tantramar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Radio Canada International]] transmitter site ([[CKCX]]) in [[Sackville, New Brunswick]] in 2009. The site was closed in 2012.]] The CRTC ordered that in 28 "mandatory markets", full power over-the-air analogue television transmitters had to cease transmitting by August 31, 2011. Broadcasters could either continue serving those markets by transitioning analogue transmitters to digital or cease broadcasting over-the-air. Cable, IPTV, and satellite services are not involved or affected by this digital transition deadline. While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the [[Digital television in Canada|Canadian digital television transition]] deadline of August 31, 2011, the CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters mandatory to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC TV, and 14 of 28 markets with SRC). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published a plan whereby communities that receive analogue signals by re-broadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air (OTA) signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and SRC transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and SRC over-the-air signals include [[London, Ontario]] (metropolitan area population 457,000) and [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]] (metro area 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not converted to digital. On July 31, 2012, the CBC shut down all of its approximately 620 analogue television transmitters, following an announcement of these plans on April 4, 2012. This reduced the total number of the corporation's television transmitters across the country to 27. According to the CBC, this would reduce the corporation's yearly costs by $10 million. No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and SRC in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter. In fact, in its CRTC application to shut down all of its analogue television transmitters, the CBC communicated its opposition to the use of subchannels, citing, amongst other reasons, costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://services.crtc.gc.ca/pub/DocWebBroker/OpenDocument.aspx?DMID=1733163 |title=Re: Notice of Decommissioning of CBC/Radio-Canada's Analogue Television Rebroadcasting Transmitters – Reply argument of CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612231206/https://services.crtc.gc.ca/pub/DocWebBroker/OpenDocument.aspx?DMID=1733163 |url-status=live }}</ref> CBC/R-C claims that only 1.7 percent of Canadian viewers actually lost access to CBC and Radio-Canada programming due to the very high penetration of cable and satellite. In some areas (particularly remote and rural regions), cable or satellite have long been essential for acceptable television.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/cbc-tv-tvo-end-analog-transmission-1.1145615|title=CBC-TV, TVO end analog transmission|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=August 3, 2012|access-date=December 29, 2019|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808102527/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/cbc-tv-tvo-end-analog-transmission-1.1145615|url-status=live}}</ref> === Fallout over the Ghomeshi affair === In 2015, after allegations that CBC Radio host [[Jian Ghomeshi]] had harassed colleagues, Ghomeshi was placed on leave; his employment was terminated in October when the CBC indicated that they had "graphic evidence" that he had injured a female employee.<ref name=hasham>{{cite news |last=Hasham |first=Alyshah |date=January 29, 2016 |title=CBC fired Jian Ghomeshi after seeing 'graphic evidence': internal memo |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/10/31/cbc_fired_jian_ghomeshi_after_seeing_graphic_evidence_internal_memo.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto |access-date=May 12, 2016 |archive-date=June 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609222921/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/10/31/cbc_fired_jian_ghomeshi_after_seeing_graphic_evidence_internal_memo.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The corporation commissioned an independent investigation. The resulting report by Janice Rubin, a partner at the law firm Rubin Thomlinson LLP, discussed employee complaints about Ghomeshi that were not seriously considered by the CBC. Rubin concluded that CBC management had "failed to take adequate steps" when it became aware of Ghomeshi's "problematic behaviour".<ref name=jggn>{{cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1942580/cbc-apologizes-for-inappropriate-behaviour-in-wake-of-jian-ghomeshi-report/ |title=CBC management condoned Jian Ghomeshi's behaviour: report |last=Armstrong |first=James |date=April 16, 2015 |website=Global News |publisher=Corus Entertainment Inc. |access-date=May 12, 2016 |quote=The fallout from the downfall of one of CBC's biggest stars hit the corporation hard on Wednesday. An independent report found managers at the CBC knew about Jian Ghomeshi's abusive behaviour at work, but did nothing to stop it. |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503123637/http://globalnews.ca/news/1942580/cbc-apologizes-for-inappropriate-behaviour-in-wake-of-jian-ghomeshi-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ghomeshi was charged by police with multiple counts of sexual assault but was found not guilty of all but one of these in March 2016. He was to be tried in June on the last remaining charge, relating to a complainant who had also worked at CBC; her name was later revealed to be [[Kathryn Borel]]. On May 11, 2016, however, the Crown withdrew the charge after Ghomeshi signed a peace bond (which does not include an admission of guilt) and apologized to Borel.<ref name=apology>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/jian-ghomeshi-trial-peace-bond-1.3575912 |title=Jian Ghomeshi trial: Former CBC radio host signs peace bond, Crown drops sex assault charge |last=Fraser |first=Laura |date=May 11, 2016 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=January 3, 2020 |quote="No workplace friendship or creative environment excuses this sort of behaviour, especially when there's a power imbalance as there was with Ms. Borel", Ghomeshi told the court. |archive-date=June 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613050125/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/jian-ghomeshi-trial-peace-bond-1.3575912 |url-status=live }}</ref> Borel was critical of the CBC for its handling of her initial complaint about Ghomeshi's behaviour. "When I went to the CBC for help, what I received in return was a directive that, yes, he could do this and, yes, it was my job to let him", she told the assembled media representatives.<ref name=blacbc>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/cbc-apology-kathryn-borel-ghomeshi-peace-bond-1.3577223 |title=CBC apologizes to Kathryn Borel over handling of Jian Ghomeshi complaint |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=May 11, 2016 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=January 3, 2020 |quote=Circumstances around Ghomeshi complaint 'should never have happened', CBC says |archive-date=June 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612151135/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/cbc-apology-kathryn-borel-ghomeshi-peace-bond-1.3577223 |url-status=live }}</ref> The CBC apologized to Borel publicly on May 11 in a statement by the head of public affairs Chuck Thompson. "What Ms. Borel experienced in our workplace should never have happened and we sincerely apologize ...", he stated.<ref name=ct680>{{cite web |url=https://www.680news.com/2016/05/11/full-text-cbc-statement-on-kathryn-borel-and-ghomeshi-scandal/ |title=Full text: CBC statement on Kathryn Borel and Ghomeshi scandal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=May 11, 2016 |website=680 News |publisher=Rogers Digital Media |access-date=January 3, 2020 |quote=We've revised our process for capturing the details of bullying and harassment complaints. We are responding to complaints with renewed discipline and rigour, and learning from the data to improve prevention and early resolution. |archive-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103080814/https://www.680news.com/2016/05/11/full-text-cbc-statement-on-kathryn-borel-and-ghomeshi-scandal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The corporation has also maintained that it had accepted Rubin's report and had "since made significant progress" on a revised policy of improved training and methods for handling bullying and harassment complaints.<ref name=":4">{{cite news |last=Gallant |first=Jacques |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Much more change seen as needed at CBC in Jian Ghomeshi's wake |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2016/05/11/much-more-change-seen-needed-at-cbc-in-jian-ghomeshis-wake.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto |access-date=May 12, 2016 |quote=Corporation says culture shift about workplace harassment is underway, but outsiders are dubious. |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513101445/https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2016/05/11/much-more-change-seen-needed-at-cbc-in-jian-ghomeshis-wake.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Rubin report "contained several recommendations on how the CBC can change its workplace culture. One of those recommendations included the creation of a work and human rights ombudsperson whom employees could use to raise concerns about the workplace." The CBC also severed its relationship "with two top executives, Chris Boyce, the former head of CBC Radio, and Todd Spencer, the head of human resources for English services".<ref name=jggn/> In a ''[[Toronto Star]]'' article by Jacques Gallant from May 11, 2016, public relations expert Martin Waxman spoke of a "damning indictment" of the CBC which included the following comment. "Yes, they did their inquiry, but if I were the CBC, I would think strongly about what is wrong with the culture and what they can do to repair it", he said.<ref name=":4" /> ''The Star'' also quoted employment lawyer [[Howard Levitt]] stating that "harassment has not been fully addressed at the CBC" in his estimation. Levitt called the Rubin report a "whitewash" and reiterated his suggestion that a federal commission should conduct a more detailed inquiry into workplace issues at the public broadcaster.<ref name=":4" /> === Federal elections and copyright claims === ==== 42nd Canadian Parliament: lawsuit threats ==== During the [[2015 Canadian federal election]] campaign, the CBC issued [[Cease and desist|cease-and-desist]] letters to the [[Broadbent Institute]], the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] (CPC), the [[Liberal Party of Canada]], and the [[New Democratic Party |New Democratic Party of Canada]], accusing them of using [[copyright]]ed footage from CBC news programming in their campaign advertising without permission. The Liberals and NDP complied with the letters, pulling the ads in question, while the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives persisted. Eventually, however, rather than go to court, the Broadbent Institute and the Conservatives agreed to remove the offending material, and as such, the CBC did not pursue them further for these alleged infractions in 2015.<ref name="Tait-defending-journalism">{{cite web |title=Statement from Catherine Tait: "Why your public broadcaster is defending journalism" |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/defending-our-journalism |last=Tait |first=Catherine |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |date=October 16, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231070442/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/defending-our-journalism |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== 43rd Canadian Parliament: trial of suit ==== <!-- The events during 2015 Canadian federal election lay context for the events of the 2019 Canadian federal election. Without mention of such events, a reader may misinterpret the CBC to have sought legal action against the CPC abruptly and without warning in 2019. It can also be noted that the CPC ignored repeated warnings to pull CBC material in 2019 over the course of several days prior to the 2019 lawsuit being launched. --> In October 2019, two weeks before the [[2019 Canadian federal election]], the CBC sued the CPC for using excerpts from its leaders' debates in campaign material. The CBC petitioned for an [[injunction]] against the CPC continuing to use the excerpts as well as seeking an acknowledgement from the CPC and its executive director, [[Dustin Van Vugt]], that the party had "engaged in the unauthorized use of copyright-protected material". Furthermore, the CBC indicated that the clips in question were "taken out of context and are edited and relied on to make partisan points for the benefit" of the CPC.<ref name="CBC-v-CPC">{{cite web|title=CBC taking Conservative Party to court over online election ad|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/cbc-conservative-party-lawsuit-1.5319209|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=October 12, 2019|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-date=July 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210249/https://www.cbc.ca/news/cbc-conservative-party-lawsuit-1.5319209|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- While a prior quote, pertaining to moral rights of the applicants, Rosemary Barton and John Paul Tasker, may have been true for a few days, the CBC indicated that it was amending its lawsuit in a way such that it was only the CBC that was seeking legal action against the Conservative Party of Canada. As such, this quote does not really continue to apply. In a more extended analysis, this quote might be used, in combination with notation indicating that the CBC was amending its original legal application. In a brief analysis, however, a quote that is still applicable would be more appropriate. (see also statement from Catherine Tait, October 16, 2019.) --> In response, the CPC stated that 17 seconds of footage had been used and the video in question had been removed before the lawsuit was filed, and expressed "grave concern that this decision was made on the eve of an election that CBC is to be covering fairly and objectively". Intellectual property academic [[Michael Geist]] stated that the use of the footage was likely covered by [[fair dealing]] provisions.<ref name=geist>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-cbc-is-lost-in-a-digital-world/ |last=Geist |first=Michael |title=Opinion: CBC's lawsuit against the Conservatives reveals a broadcaster lost in the digital world |date=October 13, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217100133/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-cbc-is-lost-in-a-digital-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/cbc-sues-the-conservative-party-over-copyright-journalists-moral-rights|last=Higgins|first=Michael|title=CBC sues the Conservative party over copyright, 'moral rights' of journalists|newspaper=[[National Post]]|date=October 11, 2019|access-date=January 3, 2020|archive-date=July 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210221/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/cbc-sues-the-conservative-party-over-copyright-journalists-moral-rights|url-status=live}}</ref> CBC President and CEO [[Catherine Tait]] contends that she does not believe that the use of journalistic material for partisan ads is covered by the "fair dealing" exemption of the ''[[Copyright Act]]''.<ref name="Tait-defending-journalism"/> ==== Resolution: court allows fair dealing ==== On May 13, 2021, the CPC lawsuit was dismissed in the [[Federal Court of Canada]], with [[Justice Phelan]]'s clarification that the CPC's use was fair and allowable.<ref name="Federal-court-ruling">{{cite web |title=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Conservative Party of Canada |url=https://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fc-cf/decisions/en/item/496993/index.do |last=Phelan |first=Hon. Mr. Justice |publisher=Federal Court of Canada |date=May 13, 2021 |access-date=September 4, 2021 |ref=2021 FC 425 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905002613/https://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fc-cf/decisions/en/item/496993/index.do |url-status=live }}</ref> The decision made precedent. "Prior to this decision, Canadian jurisprudence held that to meet the requirements of criticism and review, the copyrighted work in use must be critiqued and analyzed. Furthermore, the Court held that for attribution of the source and author, the inclusion of the CBC's logo was sufficient" to meet ''Copyright Act'' requirements.<ref name="bplex">{{cite news |last1=Larose |first1=François |last2=Zener |first2=Naomi |last3=Winegust |first3=Tamara Céline |last4=Audet |first4=William |last5=Aucoin |first5=Adam |last6=Fleming |first6=Mitchel |title=2021 Year in Review: Canadian Copyright |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9e206ea6-dab5-475f-ad8a-e8562f0f5ad7 |agency=Lexology |publisher=Law Business Research |date=February 11, 2022 |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319182150/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9e206ea6-dab5-475f-ad8a-e8562f0f5ad7 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Logos and slogans == {{Multiple image| perrow = 2 | total_width = 220 | caption_align = center | align = right | header_align = center | header = Logos used by the CBC | image1 = CBC logo 1940–1958.svg | alt1 = | caption1 = 1940–1958 | image2 = CBC Logo 1974-1986.svg | alt2 = | caption2 = 1974–1985 | image3 = CBC Logo 1986-1992.svg | alt3 = | caption3 = 1985–1992 | image4 = CBC Logo 1992-Present.svg | alt4 = | caption4 = 1992–present | image5 = Flag of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.svg | caption5 = Flag of the CBC }} The original logo of the CBC, designed by [[École des Beaux Arts (Montreal)|École des Beaux Arts]] student Hortense Binette<ref name="cbclogo">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/cbc-logo/ | publisher=CBC News | title=Retro revival: CBC's changing logo through the years | access-date=November 20, 2011 | archive-date=November 20, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120112333/http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/cbc-logo/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and used between 1940 and 1958, featured a map of Canada (and from 1940 to 1949, [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]) and a thunderbolt design used to symbolize broadcasting. In 1958, the CBC adopted a new logo for use at the end of network programs. Designed by scale model artist Jean-Paul Boileau, it consisted of the legends "CBC" and "Radio-Canada" overlaid on a map of Canada. For French programming, the "Radio-Canada" was placed on top. The "Butterfly" logo was designed for the CBC by Hubert Tison in 1966 to mark the network's progressing transition from black-and-white to colour television, much in the manner of the [[NBC logos|NBC peacock logo]]. It was used at the beginning of programs broadcast in colour and was used until all CBC television programs had switched to colour. A sketch on the CBC Television program ''[[Wayne & Shuster]]'' once referred to this as the logo of the "Cosmic Butterfly Corporation".<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/bhVGJXuBY88 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110513103847/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhVGJXuBY88 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhVGJXuBY88 |title=YouTube – CBC Butterfly |via=YouTube |date=June 22, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The fourth logo, known internally as "the gem", was designed for the CBC by graphic artist [[Burton Kramer]] in December 1974, and it is the most widely recognized symbol of the corporation. The main on-air [[Station identification|identification]] featured the logo kaleidoscopically morphing into its form while radiating outward from the center of the screen on a blue background. This animated version, which went to air in December 1974, is also known colloquially as "The Exploding Pizza". The appearance of this logo marked the arrival of full-colour network television service. The large shape in the middle is the letter C, which stands for Canada; the radiating parts of the C symbolize broadcasting, and the blue circle the logo was placed in represented the world, so the entire logo, according to Kramer, represented the idea of "Canada broadcasting to the world". The original theme music for the 1974 CBC ident was a three-note woodwind orchestral fanfare accompanied by the voiceover "This is CBC" or "Ici Radio-Canada".<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/bli95IO1izs Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130221235050/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bli95IO1izs Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bli95IO1izs |title=YouTube – RARE – Ici Radio-Canada – Musique différente |via=YouTube |access-date=June 29, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> This was later replaced by a different, and more familiar 11-note woodwind orchestral jingle, which was used until December 31, 1985.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/gd_NEnBjYpI Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130221235037/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd_NEnBjYpI Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd_NEnBjYpI |title=YouTube – This is CBC 1982 |via=YouTube |access-date=June 29, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ccca.concordia.ca/artists/image.html?languagePref=en&url=%2Fc%2Fimages%2Fbig%2Fk%2Fkramerdesign%2Fkrad016.jpg&cright=Burton+Kramer+Design&mkey=52606&link_id=5490 |title=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation logo and television identification storyboard |publisher=Ccca.ca |date=March 15, 2001 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018014629/http://ccca.concordia.ca/artists/image.html?languagePref=en&url=%2Fc%2Fimages%2Fbig%2Fk%2Fkramerdesign%2Fkrad016.jpg&cright=Burton+Kramer+Design&mkey=52606&link_id=5490 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The updated one-colour version of the gem/pizza logo, created by Hubert Tison and Robert Innes,<ref name="cbclogo" /> was introduced on January 1, 1986, and with it was introduced a new series of computer graphic-generated television idents for the CBC and Radio-Canada. These idents consisted of different background colours corresponding to the time of the day behind a translucent CBC gem logo, accompanied by different arrangements of the CBC's new, synthesized five-note jingle. The logo was changed to one colour, generally dark blue on white, or white on dark blue, in 1986. Print ads and most television promos, however, have always used a single-colour version of this logo since 1974. During 1986, they use gold platings on their idents to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the CBC. In 1992, the CBC updated its logo design to make it simpler and more red (or white on a red background). The new logo design, created by Swiss-Canadian design firm Gottschalk + Ash,<ref name="cbclogo" /> reduces the number of geometric sections in the logo to 13 instead of the previous logo's 25, and the "C" in the centre of the logo became a simple red circle. According to graphic designer Todd Falkowsky, the logo's red colour also represents Canada in a symbolic way. With the launch of the current design, new television idents were introduced in November of that year, also using CGI. Since the early 2000s, it has also appeared in white (sometimes red) on a textured or coloured background. It is now CBC/Radio-Canada's longest-used logo, surpassing the original incarnation of the Gem logo and the CBC's 1940 logo. CBC television slogans have been periodically updated: {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * 1966: "Television is CBC" * 1970: "When you watch, watch the best" * 1977: "Bringing Canadians Together" * 1980: "We Are the CBC" * 1984: "Look to us for good things" (general) / "Good to Know" (news and public affairs) * 1986–1989: "The Best on the Box" * 1989–1992: "CBC and You" * 1992–1994: "Go Public" / "CBC: Public Broadcasting" (to emphasize that CBC is a public broadcaster) * 1995–2001: "Television to Call Our Own" and "Radio to Call Our Own" * 2001–2007: "Canada's Own" * 2007–2014: "Canada Lives Here" * 2009–present: "Mon monde est à Radio-Canada, SRC" (English translation: My world is on Radio-Canada) * 2011 and 2016: "Yours to Celebrate" (French: "Un monde à célébrer") (for the CBC's 75th and 80th anniversaries) * 2014–2023: "Love CBC" / "Fall for CBC" * 2023–present "It's a Canada thing"<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a Canada Thing: Standing Up For Our Industry and Our Stories |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/prime-time-2023-supporting-canadian-culture |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=cbc.radio-canada.ca |language=en |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313021348/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/prime-time-2023-supporting-canadian-culture |url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div end}} == Personalities == {{Main|List of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation personalities}} Notable CBC alumni have included future [[Governor General of Canada|Governors General of Canada]] [[Jeanne Sauvé]], [[Adrienne Clarkson]], and [[Michaëlle Jean]], as well as future [[Quebec]] [[Premier (Canada)|premier]] [[René Lévesque]]. [[Knowlton Nash]], whose career at the CBC spanned the years between 1965 and 1992, was a beloved and trusted news anchor for the news programme ''[[The National (TV program)|The National]]''. [[Peter Mansbridge]] then took over the reins at the premiere Canadian news broadcast until July 1, 2017.<ref name="kncbc">{{cite news |title=Knowlton Nash, longtime anchor of CBC's The National, dead at 86 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/knowlton-nash-longtime-anchor-of-cbc-s-the-national-dead-at-86-1.2653467 |publisher=CBC |date=May 24, 2014 |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320115235/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/knowlton-nash-longtime-anchor-of-cbc-s-the-national-dead-at-86-1.2653467 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pmcbc">{{cite news |title=Peter Mansbridge reflects on nearly 50 years at CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mansbridge-national-interview-hiscox-1.4177812 |publisher=CBC |date=June 30, 2017 |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320115614/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mansbridge-national-interview-hiscox-1.4177812 |url-status=live }}</ref> For a time Mansbridge shared the anchor position with [[Wendy Mesley]], who was forced to retire after a 38-year career under a cloud for inappropriate use of language in two closed editorial meetings.<ref name="wmcbc">{{cite news |title=Wendy Mesley to retire from CBC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/mesley-retirement-1.6090382 |publisher=CBC |date=July 5, 2021 |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320115615/https://www.cbc.ca/news/mesley-retirement-1.6090382 |url-status=live }}</ref> A staple in Canadian living rooms since 1952 is the weekly Saturday night broadcast ''[[Hockey Night in Canada]]''. Personalities like [[Foster Hewitt]], [[Dick Irvin Jr.]], [[Harry Neale]] were amongst the light-blue jacketed commentators of the 20th century. [[Ron MacLean]] and [[Don Cherry]] were famous for their commentary during the first intermission ''[[Coach's Corner]]'' until Cherry was fired for remarks during broadcast on [[Remembrance Day]] 2019 that were widely condemned as anti-immigrant.<ref name="dcgn">{{cite news |title=Why Don Cherry's 'you people' rant on 'Hockey Night in Canada' has such an impact |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6157812/don-cherry-you-people-rant-impact/ |publisher=Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc |date=November 12, 2019 |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320124124/https://globalnews.ca/news/6157812/don-cherry-you-people-rant-impact/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Organization == {{Main|List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}} === Mandate === The [[Broadcasting Act (1991)|1991 ''Broadcasting Act'']]<ref name="justice1">{{cite web |url=https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/B-9.01/ |title=Broadcasting Act |publisher=Laws.justice.gc.ca |access-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231070503/https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/B-9.01/ |url-status=live }}</ref> states that:<ref name=":2">"[https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate Mandate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430024557/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate |date=April 30, 2021 }}". ''CBC/Radio-Canada''.</ref> {{blockquote|... the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as the national public broadcaster, should provide radio and television services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains; ... the programming provided by the Corporation should: * be predominantly and distinctively Canadian, * reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions, * actively contribute to the flow and exchange of cultural expression, * be in English and in French, reflecting the different needs and circumstances of each official language community, including the particular needs and circumstances of English and French linguistic minorities, * strive to be of equivalent quality in English and French, * contribute to shared national consciousness and identity, * be made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose, and * reflect the multicultural and multiracial nature of Canada. }}In June 2018, the [[Government of Canada]] launched a review of the ''Broadcasting Act'' as well as the ''[[Telecommunications Act (Canada)|Telecommunications Act]]'', and the CBC mandate is subject to updating following the review's completion. The CBC also submitted a paper to the Review Panel entitled "Our Culture, Our Democracy: Canada in the Digital World", which included various recommendations regarding the strengthening of [[public broadcasting]] within the global broadcasting market. The Review Panel submitted its final report and recommendations on January 29, 2020.<ref name=":2" /> === Management === As a [[crown corporation]], the CBC operates at [[Arm's length body|arm's length]] (autonomously) from the government in its day-to-day business. The corporation is governed by the ''Broadcasting Act''<ref name="justice1"/> of 1991, under a board of directors and is directly responsible to [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] through the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]]. General management of the organization is in the hands of a president, who is appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada]] [[Queen-in-Council|in Council]], on the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of the prime minister. According to ''[[The Hill Times]]'', a clause in [[Bill C-60]]—an [[Omnibus spending bill|omnibus]] budget implementation bill introduced by the government of [[Stephen Harper]] in 2013—"appears to contradict a longstanding arm's-length relationship between the independent CBC and any government in power".<ref name="huffingtonpost_bill_c60" /><ref name="hilltimes_2013">{{cite web | url=http://www.hilltimes.com/news/politics/2013/05/01/feds-threatening-journalist-independence-of-cbc-under-new-power-over-wages/34568 | title=Feds threatening journalist independence of CBC under new power over wages, benefits, collective bargaining, say critics | work=The Hill Times | date=May 1, 2013 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | author=Naumetz, Tim | location=Ottawa | archive-date=November 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025346/http://www.hilltimes.com/news/politics/2013/05/01/feds-threatening-journalist-independence-of-cbc-under-new-power-over-wages/34568 | url-status=live }}</ref> The clause allows the "prime minister's cabinet to approve salaries, working conditions and collective bargaining positions for the CBC".<ref name="huffingtonpost_bill_c60">{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/04/30/bill-c60-cbc-harper_n_3187821.html | title=Bill C-60: Tories Quietly Taking Control of CBC, Group Alleges | work=HuffPost | date=April 30, 2013 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | archive-date=November 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020254/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/04/30/bill-c60-cbc-harper_n_3187821.html | url-status=live }}</ref> On September 1, 2007, the CBC became subject to the federal ''[[Access to Information Act]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRC Radio-Canada Network {{!}} History of Canadian Broadcasting |url=https://broadcasting-history.com/listing_and_histories/src-radio-canada-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509014057/https://broadcasting-history.com/listing_and_histories/src-radio-canada-network |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=[[Canadian Communications Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Access to Information |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/access-to-information |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230509000806/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/access-to-information |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=CBC/Radio-Canada |language=en}}</ref> ==== Board of directors ==== In accordance with the ''Broadcasting Act'', a board of directors is responsible for the management of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The board is made up of 12 members, including the chair and the president and CEO. A current list of directors is available from the Canadian [[Governor in Council]] here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.appointments.gc.ca/prflOrg.asp?OrgID=CBC&lang=eng |title=Organization Profile – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |publisher=Appointments.gc.ca |date=July 20, 2012 |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922104213/http://www.appointments.gc.ca/prflOrg.asp?OrgID=CBC&lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2021|April}}, the CBC's board of directors page lists:<ref name="cbc._Boar">{{Cite web | title=Board of Directors | work=cbc.radio-canada.ca | access-date=June 5, 2020 | url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/leadership/board-of-directors | archive-date=June 5, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605193207/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/leadership/board-of-directors | url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Michael Goldbloom]] * [[Catherine Tait]] (president and CEO) * Guillaume Aniorté * Suzanne Guèvremont * René Légère * Sandra Mason * Jennifer Moore Rattray * François R. Roy * [[Rita Shelton Deverell]] * Sandra Singh * Bill Tam * [[Marie Wilson (journalist)|Marie Wilson]]{{col div end}} ==== Presidents ==== {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * 1936–1939: [[Leonard Brockington]] * 1940–1944: [[René Morin]] * 1944–1945: [[Howard B. Chase]] * 1945–1958: [[Arnold Davidson Dunton|A. Davidson Dunton]] * 1958–1967: [[J. Alphonse Ouimet]] * 1968–1972: [[George Forrester Davidson|George F. Davidson]] * 1972–1975: [[Laurent Picard|Laurent A. Picard]] * 1975–1982: [[A.W. Johnson]] * 1982–1989: [[Pierre Juneau]] * 1989: [[William T. Armstrong]] * 1989–1994: [[Gérard Veilleux]] * 1994–1995: [[Anthony S. Manera]] * 1995–1999: [[Perrin Beatty]] * 1999–2007: [[Robert Rabinovitch]] * 2008–2018: [[Hubert T. Lacroix]] * 2018–present: [[Catherine Tait]]<ref name="cbctait">{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-president-catherine-tait-1.4602504| title=Catherine Tait chosen as CBC/Radio-Canada president| date=April 3, 2018| access-date=January 3, 2020| publisher=[[CBC News]]| archive-date=January 17, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117014707/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-president-catherine-tait-1.4602504| url-status=live}}</ref> {{col div end}} ==== Ombudsmen ==== English (CBC) {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Bill Morgan (producer)|William Morgan]] * [[David Bazay]] (1995 – October 30, 2005) * [[Vince Carlin]] (January 2006 – December 2010) * [[Kirk LaPointe]] (November 2010 – 2012) * [[Esther Enkin]] (January 1, 2013 – December 2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/2012/11/28/|title=Esther Enkin Appointed as New CBC Ombudsman|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|access-date=January 26, 2013|date=November 28, 2012|archive-date=December 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203093812/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/2012/11/28/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Jack Nagler]] (January 2019 – present)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/ombudsman |title=Ombudsman – CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713140114/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/ombudsman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div end}} French (Radio-Canada) {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Bruno Gauron]] (1992) * [[Mario Cardinal]] (1993–1997) * [[Marcel Pépin]] (1997–1999) * [[Renaud Gilbert]] (2000–2007) * [[Julie Miville-Dechêne]] (April 1, 2007 – July 2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/ombudsman/bio.shtml |title=Bureau de l'ombudsman |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429234229/http://www.radio-canada.ca/ombudsman/bio.shtml |archive-date=April 29, 2011 }}</ref> * [[Pierre Tourangeau]] (November 14, 2011 – April 2016) * [[Guy Gendron]] (April 1, 2016 – 2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ombudsman.cbc.radio-canada.ca/fr/a-propos/|title=À propos de Guy Gendron|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|access-date=September 15, 2018|date=April 1, 2016|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915225948/http://www.ombudsman.cbc.radio-canada.ca/fr/a-propos/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{col div end}} === Financing === For the fiscal year 2006, the CBC received a total of $1.53 billion from all revenue sources, including government funding via taxpayers, subscription fees, advertising revenue, and other revenue (e.g., real estate). Expenditures for the year included $616 million for English television, $402 million for French television, $126 million for specialty channels, a total of $348 million for radio services in both languages, $88 million for management and technical costs, and $124 million for "[[amortization (business)|amortization]] of property and equipment". Some of this spending was derived from amortization of funding from previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/annualreports/2005-2006/pdf/financials-e.pdf |title=CBC Annual Report 2005-2006 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009124451/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/annualreports/2005-2006/pdf/financials-e.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2009 }}</ref> Among its revenue sources for the [[Canadian federal budget, 2005|year ending March 31, 2006]], the CBC received $946 million in its annual funding from the federal government, as well as $60 million in "one-time" supplementary funding for programming. However, this supplementary funding has been repeated annually for a number of years. This combined total is just over a billion dollars annually and is a source of heated debate. To supplement this funding, the CBC's television networks and websites sell advertising, while cable/satellite-only services such as CBC News Network additionally collect subscriber fees, in line with their privately owned counterparts. The CBC's radio services do not sell advertising except when required by law (for example, to political parties during federal elections). CBC's funding differs from that of the public broadcasters of many European nations, which collect a [[television licence|licence fee]], or those in the United States, such as [[PBS]] and [[NPR]], which receive some public funding but rely to a large extent on voluntary contributions from individual viewers and listeners. A [[Nanos Research]] poll from August 2014 conducted for Asper Media (''[[National Post]]'', ''[[Financial Post]]'') showed 41% of Canadians wanted funding increased, 46% wanted it maintained at current levels, and only 10% wanted to see it cut.<ref>{{cite web | last = Csanady | first = Ashley | title = Majority of Conservative voters like the CBC: poll | website = Canada.com | date = September 5, 2014 | url = http://o.canada.com/news/politics-and-the-nation/majority-of-conservative-voters-like-the-cbc-poll | access-date = May 13, 2015 | archive-date = March 9, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150309042123/http://o.canada.com/news/politics-and-the-nation/majority-of-conservative-voters-like-the-cbc-poll | url-status = dead }}</ref> The network's defenders note that the CBC's mandate differs from private media's, particularly in its focus on Canadian content; that much of the public funding actually goes to the radio networks; and that the CBC is responsible for the full cost of most of its prime-time programming, while private networks can fill up most of their prime-time schedules with American series acquired for a fraction of their production cost. CBC supporters also point out that additional, long-term funding is required to provide better Canadian dramas and improved local programming to attract and sustain a strong viewership.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} According to the [[Canadian Media Guild]], the $115-million deficit reduction action plan cuts to CBC which started with the 2012 budget and were fully realized in 2014, amounted to "one of the biggest layoffs of content creators and journalists in Canadian history". The 2014 cuts combined with earlier ones totalled "3,600 jobs lost at CBC since 2008. The CMG asked the federal government to reverse the cuts<ref name="CMG_2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.cmg.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ENG-FINAL-DOCUMENT-JULY-2014-Funding-an-Independent-CBC-CMG-Proposals.pdf | title=CBC/Radio-Canada needs more funding and true independence: CMG proposals | work=Canadian Media Guild | date=July 2014 | access-date=14 October 2015 | pages=11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212175836/http://www.cmg.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ENG-FINAL-DOCUMENT-JULY-2014-Funding-an-Independent-CBC-CMG-Proposals.pdf | archive-date=December 12, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> and to repeal Clause 17 of omnibus budget bill C-60 "to remove government's interference in CBC's day-to-day operations".<ref name="CMG_2014" /> In September 2015, the Canadian Media Guild announced that the CBC planned to sell all of its properties across Canada to gain a temporary increase in available funds. Media relations manager Alexandra Fortier denied this and stated that the corporation planned to sell only half of its assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/22/cbc-to-sell-all-property-across-canada.html|title=CBC property sell-off questioned by union|first=Michael|last=Robinson|work=Toronto Star|date=September 22, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=September 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927215905/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/22/cbc-to-sell-all-property-across-canada.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, [[Hubert Lacroix]], then-president of CBC/Radio-Canada, spoke at the international public broadcasters' conference in [[Munich|Munich, Germany]]. He claimed for the first time that public broadcasters were "at risk of extinction".<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015">{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/18/cbc-hubert-lacroix-public-broadcasting_n_8159668.html | title=CBC President Hubert Lacroix: Public Broadcasters 'Risk Being Boiled To Death' | work=The Huffington Post Canada | date=September 18, 2015 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | author=Tencer, Daniel | archive-date=October 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022065500/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/18/cbc-hubert-lacroix-public-broadcasting_n_8159668.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The Canadian Media Guild responded that Lacroix had "made a career of shredding" the CBC by cutting one quarter of its staff—approximately 2,000 jobs since 2010 under Lacroix's tenure. More than 600 jobs were cut in 2014 in order "to plug a $130-million budget shortfall".<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015" /> Isabelle Montpetit, president of Syndicat des communications de Radio-Canada (SCRC), observed that Lacroix was hand-picked by Stephen Harper for the job as president of the CBC.<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015" /> For the fiscal year 2015, the CBC received $1.036 billion from government funding and took 5% funding cuts from the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2014-2015/|title=CBC/Radio-Canada Annual Report 2014-2015|access-date=March 25, 2016|archive-date=April 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406112824/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2014-2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, the Liberal Party was returned to power. As part of its election platform, it promised to restore the $115 million of funding to the CBC that was cut by the Harper Government, over three years, and add $35 million, for a total extra funding of $150 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Szklarski |first=Cassandra |date=December 7, 2015 |title=A new era for CBC, hopefully: Things could finally start looking up for the beleaguered public broadcaster in 2016 |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/a-new-era-for-cbc-hopefully-things-could-finally-start-looking-up-for-the-beleaguered-public-broadcaster-in-2016 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> On November 28, 2016, the CBC issued a request for $400 million in additional funding, which it planned to use towards removing advertising from its television services, production and acquisition of Canadian content, and "additional funding of new investments to face consumer and technology disruption". The broadcaster argued that it had operated "[under] a business model and cultural policy framework that is profoundly broken", while other countries "[reaped] the benefits of strong, stable, well-funded public broadcasters".<ref>{{cite web|title=CBC/Radio Canada asks for $400M in increased government funding to go ad-free|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-radio-canada-ad-free-proposal-1.3871077|publisher=CBC News|access-date=November 29, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129081639/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-radio-canada-ad-free-proposal-1.3871077|url-status=live}}</ref> CBC has received $1.2 billion annually from the federal government since fiscal 2018. Government funding increased to almost $1.4 billion for 2020-2021 to cover 'retroactive salary inflation' and potential issues arising from the pandemic. It returned to $1.2 billion the following year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020-2021 Annual Report |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021/highlights/financial-highlights |website=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322225045/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021/highlights/financial-highlights |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2023 }}</ref> == Services == {{See also|List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}} === News === {{Main|CBC News}} {{see also|Le Téléjournal}} [[File:Репортаж перед консульством России в Монреале.jpg|thumb|[[CBC News]] journalist and camera crew reporting on a rally in support of [[Alexei Navalny]] outside the Russian consulate in Montreal, January 2021]] CBC News is the largest broadcast newsgathering operation in Canada, providing services to CBC radio as well as [[CBC News Network]], local supper-hour newscasts, CBC News Online, and [[Air Canada]]'s in-flight entertainment. Recent CBC News services are also proving popular, such as news alerts to mobile phones and [[Personal digital assistant|PDAs]]. Desktop news alerts, e-mail alerts, and digital television alerts are also available.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} === Radio === {{main|CBC Radio}} {{further|List of defunct CBC radio transmitters in Canada}} CBC Radio has six separate services: three in English, known as [[CBC Radio One]], [[CBC Music]], and [[CBC Radio 3]]; and three in French, known as ''[[Ici Radio-Canada Première]]'', ''[[Ici Musique]]'', and ''Ici Musique Classique''. Over the years, a number of CBC radio transmitters, with a majority of them on the [[AM radio|AM band]], have either moved to [[FM radio|FM]] or have shut down completely. The CBC plans to phase out more CBC AM transmitters across Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/_files/cbcrc/documents/submissions/long-range-radio-plan.pdf|title=CBC/Radio-Canada – Long Range Radio Plan|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920112214/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/_files/cbcrc/documents/submissions/long-range-radio-plan.pdf|archive-date=September 20, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> This goal however remains to be seen in light of the CBC budget cutbacks. CBC Radio One and Première focus on [[news]] and information programming, though they also air some music programs, variety shows, and comedy; in the past, they aired some sports programming as well. Both of these services used to broadcast primarily on the AM band, but many stations have moved over to FM. CBC Music and ''Ici musique'' is found exclusively on FM, airing arts and cultural programming, with a focus on music. CBC Radio 3, found only online, plays exclusively-independent Canadian music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} [[File:Infomornpier21.jpg|thumb|A live audience attending a special anniversary broadcast of ''[[Information Morning]]'', a morning show on [[CBHA-FM]]]]CBC Radio also operated two [[shortwave]] services. The first, [[Radio Nord Québec#Shortwave service|Radio Nord Québec]], broadcast domestically to [[Northern Quebec]] on a static frequency of 9.625 [[Megahertz|MHz]]; and the other, [[Radio Canada International]], provided broadcasts to the United States and around the world in eight languages. Both shortwave services were shut down in 2012 due to [[Radio Canada International#Budget cuts and the end of shortwave broadcasting (2012)|budget cuts]]; the [[CKCX|Sackville transmitter site]] was dismantled in 2014.<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2012/2012-602-1.htm Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-602-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305055417/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2012/2012-602-1.htm |date=March 5, 2015 }}, CFFB Iqaluit – New transmitters in Puvirnituq, Kuujjuarapik, Inukjuak, Salluit and Kuujjuaq (Fort Chimo) – Correction, ''CRTC'', November 5, 2012</ref> Additionally, the Radio One stations in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] and [[Vancouver]] operated [[Shortwave relay station|shortwave relay]] transmitters, broadcasting at 6.16 MHz. Some have suggested<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.am/cbc-src.htm |title=CBCSRC North/Radio-Canada/Radio One Audibility Improvement Proposal |publisher=Cbc.am |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217132735/http://cbc.am/cbc-src.htm |archive-date=February 17, 2011 }}</ref> that CBC/Radio-Canada create a new high-power shortwave [[Digital Radio Mondiale|digital]] radio service for more effective coverage of isolated areas. In November 2004, the CBC, in partnership with [[Standard Broadcasting]] and [[Sirius Satellite Radio]], applied to the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] (CRTC) for a licence to introduce satellite radio service to Canada. The CRTC approved the subscription radio application, as well as two others for satellite radio service, on June 16, 2005. [[Sirius Canada]] launched on December 1, 2005, with a number of CBC Radio channels, including the new services [[CBC Radio 3]] and ''[[Bande à part (radio)|Bande à part]]''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} The CBC once owned a stake in [[Sirius XM Canada]], but exited from ownership following a reorganization announced in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2016 |title=UPDATE 1-Sirius XM Canada to be taken private by SiriusXM, top Canadian holders |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sirius-xm-canada-ma-sirius-xm-holdings-idUKL3N18A432 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220091113/https://www.reuters.com/article/sirius-xm-canada-ma-sirius-xm-holdings-idUKL3N18A432 |url-status=live }}</ref> In some areas, especially national or provincial parks, the CBC also operates an AM or FM transmitter rebroadcasting weather alerts from the [[Meteorological Service of Canada]]'s [[Weatheradio Canada]] service.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} ==== Long-range radio plan ==== The CBC's '''long-range radio plan''' ('''LRRP''') was developed by the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] (CRTC) in collaboration with the CBC to identify those [[FM broadcasting|FM]] frequencies that would likely be required to deliver the CBC's radio services to the maximum number of Canadians. The CBC is not subject to any conditions or expectations concerning its LRRP. The CBC noted that Première Chaîne (now [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]]) and [[CBC Radio One]] were available to about 99% of the Canadian population. The CBC stated that it plans to maintain its radio service but has no plans to grow the coverage area. It described the LRRP as a planning vehicle and indicated that it would no longer use it. Given reductions in public funding to the CBC and given that Première Chaîne and Radio One are available to the vast majority of Canadians, the Commission considers that the CBC's plan to maintain current coverage and discontinue the LRRP is reasonable. Accordingly, the Commission accepted the CBC's proposal to discontinue the LRRP.<ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2013/2013-263.htm#bm275 Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2013-263] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304165243/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2013/2013-263.htm#bm275 |date=March 4, 2015 }}, Availability of radio service, ''CRTC'', May 28, 2013</ref> ==== ''Radio Guide'' ==== Beginning in 1981, CBC Radio launched the monthly magazine '''''Radio Guide''''', which included [[CBC Radio]] program listings alongside feature content, such as profiles of musicians and writers and behind the scenes looks at CBC programs.<ref>"Ideas' producer has to be open to anything". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', December 12, 1981.</ref> The magazine was released both by subscription and as a newsstand title. In 1984, due to budgetary pressures at the CBC, the magazine began accepting paid advertising from outside clients;<ref>"Radio Guide now carries paid ads". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', November 7, 1984.</ref> in 1985, due to further budget cuts, the magazine was discontinued as a standalone title, and instead became a supplement in ''[[Saturday Night (magazine)|Saturday Night]]''.<ref>"CBC attempting to save Radio Guide". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', January 10, 1995.</ref> In 1988, the magazine was sold to Core Group Publishers of Vancouver,<ref>"Private firm puts CBC guide on right frequency". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', May 1, 1989.</ref> and continued in this format until 1997, when it was discontinued due to a declining subscriber base.<ref>"CBC will cease publication of Radio Guide at the end of the month". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', February 22, 1997.</ref> === Television === {{further|CBC Television|ICI Radio-Canada Télé|List of CBC Television stations|List of CBC Television Programs}} {{Multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = Tour Radio Canada.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = [[Maison Radio-Canada]] in Montreal holds the headquarters of CBC Radio-Canada's French-language output | image2 = Toronto (24142315228).jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = The [[Canadian Broadcasting Centre]] in Toronto serves as the CBC's English-language master control point }} The CBC operates two national broadcast television networks: [[CBC Television]] in English, and [[ICI Radio-Canada Télé]] in French. Like private broadcasters, both of these networks sell advertising but offer more Canadian-produced programming. All CBC television stations are owned and operated by the CBC itself and carry a common schedule, aside from local programming and other [[regional variation]] (such as the [[CBC North]] stations in [[Nunavut]], the [[Northwest Territories]], and the [[Yukon]] carrying an additional newscast in the [[Inuktitut]] language and a weekly [[Cree language|Cree]] program), and [[CBET-DT]] in Windsor amending its non-primetime schedule at various points due to program rights conflicts with [[Detroit]] stations. {{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} Both CBC's English and French networks previously had a number of private [[Network affiliate|affiliate]]s owned by third-party owners. However, the majority of them have either been bought by the CBC and subsequently shut down during the transition to digital television, or have switched to other networks and program services. The only remaining privately owned affiliate of any CBC-owned network is Ici Radio-Canada Télé affiliate [[CKRT-DT]] in [[Rivière-du-Loup]] (which is part of a [[Duopoly (broadcasting)|triplestick]] also containing private affiliates for Quebec's two private networks). {{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} One of the most popular shows is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of [[National Hockey League|NHL]] [[Ice hockey|hockey]] games. In English, the program is known as ''[[Hockey Night in Canada]]'', and in French, it was called ''[[La Soirée du hockey]]''. Both shows began in 1952. The French edition was discontinued in 2004, though Radio-Canada stations outside of Quebec simulcast some Saturday night games produced by [[Réseau des sports|RDS]] until 2006. The network suffered considerable public embarrassment when it lost the rights to the show's [[The Hockey Theme|theme music]] following a protracted lawsuit launched by the song's composer and publishers.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Campbell |first=Charles |title=Mediacheck: How CBC Lost Its Hockey Theme |magazine=The Tyee |date=June 13, 2008 |url=https://thetyee.ca/Mediacheck/2008/06/13/HockeyAnthem/ |access-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727063039/https://thetyee.ca/Mediacheck/2008/06/13/HockeyAnthem/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, the exclusive national media rights to the NHL were acquired by [[Rogers Media]], although Rogers would reach an agreement with the CBC to license the ''Hockey Night in Canada'' brand for use in its [[NHL on Sportsnet|coverage]] of Saturday-night games, and [[Brokered programming|broker]] a version of the broadcasts to CBC at no charge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/hockey/2013/11/26/nhl_deal_with_rogers_a_huge_blow_to_tsn_and_cbc_mudhar.html|title=NHL deal with Rogers huge blow to CBC: Mudhar|work=Toronto Star|date=November 26, 2013|access-date=January 26, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129144226/http://www.thestar.com/sports/hockey/2013/11/26/nhl_deal_with_rogers_a_huge_blow_to_tsn_and_cbc_mudhar.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/rogers-cbc-sign-new-7-year-deal-hockey-night-canada/|title=Rogers and CBC sign new 7-year deal for Hockey Night in Canada|website=Sportsnet.ca|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726015430/https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/rogers-cbc-sign-new-7-year-deal-hockey-night-Canada/|url-status=live}}</ref> The CBC also wholly owns and operates three specialty television channels—the news channels [[CBC News Network]] and [[Ici RDI]], and the French-language network [[Ici Explora]]. It also owns a managing interest in the Francophone arts service [[ARTV]], and [[Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)|Documentary Channel]]. {{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} CBC provides viewers with interactive on-demand television programs every year through [[digital cable|digital-cable]] services like [[Rogers Cable]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} Children's programming air under the commercial-free preschool programming block called [[CBC Kids]]. In French, the children's programming block is ''Zone Jeunesse'' on [[ICI Radio-Canada Télé]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} === Online === {{further|CBC.ca|Ici TOU.TV}} The CBC has two main websites: ''CBC.ca'' is in English and was established in 1996;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/10th/|title=CBC.ca – 10th Anniversary|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=December 29, 2019|archive-date=January 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101171548/https://www.cbc.ca/10th/|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Radio-Canada.ca'' is in French.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ |title=Ici.RadioCanada.ca |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112062118/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The websites allow the CBC to produce sections that complement the various programs on television and radio. In May 2012, as part of an initiative to improve its service in "underserved" markets, the CBC launched a [[CBC Hamilton]] news operation for [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. With the Hamilton area already within the broadcast range of CBC Radio and CBC Television's services in [[Toronto]], the outlet focuses exclusively on digital content, including a section of the CBC News website oriented towards the market. CBC Hamilton reporters have occasionally filed reports for the CBC's television news output, in the event of major stories centred upon the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thespec.com/news/business/article/721585--cbc-hamilton-launches-digital-service|title=CBC Hamilton launches digital service|first=Bill|last=Dunphy|work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=May 9, 2012|archive-date=May 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512215337/http://www.thespec.com/news/business/article/721585--cbc-hamilton-launches-digital-service|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/old-style-local-news-meets-new-media-in-hamilton-ont/article16185240/|title=Old-style local news meets new media in Hamilton, Ont.|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727070426/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/old-style-local-news-meets-new-media-in-hamilton-ont/article16185240/|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2012, the corporation launched [[CBC Music]], an [[internet radio]] service that produces and distributes 40 music-related channels, including the existing audio streams of CBC Radio 2 and [[CBC Radio 3]].<ref name="citizen">[https://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/launches+free+digital+music+service/6145770/story.html "CBC launches free digital music service"]. ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', February 13, 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706033140/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/launches%20free%20digital%20music%20service/6145770/story.html|date=July 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CBC1">{{cite news|date=February 13, 2012|title=CBC digital music service launched|publisher=CBC News|location=Toronto|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2012/02/10/digital-music-service-cbc.html|access-date=June 26, 2013|archive-date=February 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204043237/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2012/02/10/digital-music-service-cbc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, the CBC launched a successor to the CBC Music platform known as '''CBC Listen''', which encompasses the CBC's radio, music, as well as [[podcast]] output.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thiessen|first=Connie|date=October 7, 2019|title=CBC Listen rolls public broadcaster's radio, podcast and music into single app|url=https://broadcastdialogue.com/cbc-listen-rolls-public-broadcasters-radio-podcast-and-music-into-single-app/|access-date=March 5, 2020|website=Broadcast Dialogue|archive-date=July 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727065959/https://broadcastdialogue.com/cbc-listen-rolls-public-broadcasters-radio-podcast-and-music-into-single-app/|url-status=live}}</ref> CBC offers feature-length documentary films through the {{Sic|''[[Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)|documentary Channel]]''}}, a [[Digital television stations in Canada|digital television station]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=documentary Channel|url=https://www.cbc.ca/documentarychannel/|access-date=April 30, 2021|website=www.cbc.ca|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430001038/https://www.cbc.ca/documentarychannel/|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2023, the CBC indicated for the first time that it has begun preliminary planning toward the prospect that future broadcasting will take place entirely on internet streaming platforms rather than traditional radio or television transmissions, although it has not yet announced a specific target date for any changeover.<ref>Marie Woolf, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-cbc-digital-streaming/ "CBC signals plans to go full streaming, ending traditional TV and radio broadcasts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207183201/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-cbc-digital-streaming/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 7, 2023.</ref> === Merchandising === Established in 2002, '''CBC Merchandising''' operates retail locations and '''''CBCshop.ca''''';<ref>[http://www.cbcshop.ca/ Home Page – CBCCNSUMER Online eStore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531023314/http://cbcshop.ca/ |date=May 31, 2015 }}. Cbcshop.ca. Retrieved September 23, 2013.</ref> its educational sales department, CBC Learning,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.newswire.ca/en/story/118639/cbc-learning-brings-the-best-in-canadian-programming-to-classrooms|title=CBC Learning brings the best in Canadian programming to classrooms|publisher=CNW Telbec|date=June 14, 2007|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001142747/http://archive.newswire.ca/en/story/118639/cbc-learning-brings-the-best-in-canadian-programming-to-classrooms|url-status=dead}}</ref> sells CBC content and media to educational institutions; as well as [[Brand licensing|licensing brands]] such as ''[[Hockey Night in Canada]]'' (whose branding is still owned by the CBC)<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cipo.ic.gc.ca/app/opic-cipo/trdmrks/srch/vwTrdmrk.do?lang=eng&status=&fileNumber=0357653&extension=0&startingDocumentIndexOnPage=1|title=Canadian trademark data: Application no. 0357653|journal=Canadian Trade-marks Database|publisher=[[Canadian Intellectual Property Office]]|date=September 16, 2014|access-date=September 20, 2014|archive-date=October 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016035044/http://www.cipo.ic.gc.ca/app/opic-cipo/trdmrks/srch/vwTrdmrk.do?lang=eng&status=&fileNumber=0357653&extension=0&startingDocumentIndexOnPage=1|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[Coronation Street]]'' (as a Canadian [[licensee]] under arrangement from [[ITV Studios]]).{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} === Miscellaneous === [[CBC Records]] is a Canadian [[record label]] that distributes CBC programming, including live concert performances and album transcripts of news and information programming such as the [[Massey Lectures]], in album format. Music albums on the label, predominantly in the classical and jazz genres, are distributed across Canada in commercial record stores, while albums containing spoken word programming are predominantly distributed by the CBC's own retail merchandising operations.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} CBC provides news, business, weather and sports information on [[Air Canada]]'s inflight entertainment as '''''Enroute Journal'''''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} == Unions == Unions representing employees at CBC/Radio-Canada include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/unions-and-associations/|title=Unions and Associations|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=August 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818223704/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/unions-and-associations/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{col div}} * [[Canadian Media Guild]] (CMG)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cmg.ca/ |title=cmg.ca |publisher=cmg.ca |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=September 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930210931/http://www.cmg.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref> represents on-air, production, technical, administrative and support staff outside of Québec and Moncton. * Association of Professionals and Supervisors (APS)*<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apscbcsrc.org/ |title=apscbcsrc.org |publisher=apscbcsrc.org |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305103739/http://www.apscbcsrc.org/ |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[American Federation of Musicians|American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada]] (AFM)*<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afm.org/ |title=afm.org |publisher=afm.org |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=October 23, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961023234517/http://www.afm.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists]] (performers; ACTRA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actra.ca/ |title=actra.ca |publisher=actra.ca |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=October 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028132411/http://www.actra.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees]] (stagehands; IATSE)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iatse-intl.org/ |title=iatseintl.org |publisher=iatse-intl.org |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203103322/http://www.iatse-intl.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Writers Guild of Canada]] (WGC)*<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wgc.ca/membership/joining_us.html|title=Writers Guild of Canada|website=wgc.ca|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416021638/http://www.wgc.ca/membership/joining_us.html|archive-date=April 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Association des réalisateurs'' (AR)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arrq.qc.ca/html/index.html|title=arrq.qc.ca|publisher=arrq.qc.ca|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604085247/http://www.arrq.qc.ca/html/index.html|archive-date=June 4, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Syndicat des communications de Radio-Canada'' (SCRC)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scrc.qc.ca/sections.php |title=scrc.qc.ca |publisher=SCRC |access-date=October 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508065655/http://www.scrc.qc.ca/sections.php |archive-date=May 8, 2013 }}</ref> * ''Société des auteurs de la radio, de la télévision et du cinéma'' (SARTeC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacd.fr/ |title=sacd.fr |publisher=sacd.fr |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=February 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226143004/http://sacd.fr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''Syndicat Canadien de la fonction publique, Conseil des sections locales, Groupe des employé(e)s de bureau et professionnel(le)s'' (SCFP).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scfp.ca/ |title=scfp.ca |publisher=scfp.ca |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=December 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212170804/http://scfp.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''Société professionnelle des auteurs-compositeurs du Québec'' (SPACQ)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacq.qc.ca/html/ |title=Accueil |publisher=Spacq |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815233918/http://www.spacq.qc.ca/html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''Syndicat des technicien(ne)s et des artisan(e)s du réseau français'' (STARF).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.starfmtl.qc.ca/ |title=starfmtl.qc.ca |publisher=starfmtl.qc.ca |access-date=October 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922055111/http://www.starfmtl.qc.ca/ |archive-date=September 22, 2013 }}</ref> * ''Union des artistes'' (UDA)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniondesartistes.com/ |title=uniondesartistes.com |publisher=uniondesartistes.com |access-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729173910/https://uniondesartistes.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div end}} === Labour issues === During the summer of 1981 there was a major disruption of CBC programming as the technicians union, the [[National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians]], went on strike. Local newscasts were cut back to the bare minimum. This had the effect of delaying the debut of ''[[The Journal (Canadian TV show)|The Journal]]'', which had to wait until January 1982.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} The CBC has been affected by a number of other labour disputes since the late 1990s: * In early 1999, CBC English- and French-network technicians in all locations outside [[Quebec]] and [[Moncton]], members of the [[Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada]], went on strike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBC Position on CEP Strike Action|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/newsreleases/19990217.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304233622/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/newsreleases/19990217.shtml|archive-date=March 4, 2012}}</ref> The [[Canadian Media Guild]] was set to strike as well, but the CBC settled with both unions.<ref>[http://www.playbackmag.com/articles/magazine/19990405/25116.html CEP, CMG ink deal with CBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083757/http://www.playbackmag.com/articles/magazine/19990405/25116.html|date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> * A similar dispute, again involving all technicians outside Quebec and Moncton, occurred in late 2001 and concluded by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search|url=https://www.unifor.org/en/search-cross-site|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005722/http://www.cep.ca/press/cepnews_e.php?id=102|archive-date=September 27, 2007|website=Unifor National}}</ref> * In spring 2002, on-air staff in Quebec and Moncton (again, on both English and French networks) were locked out by local management, leaving, among other things, NHL playoff games without commentary on French television.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 3, 2002|title=North East RadioWatch: June 3, 2002|url=http://www.bostonradio.org/nerw/nerw-020603.html|access-date=August 15, 2012|publisher=Bostonradio.org|archive-date=May 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529081747/http://bostonradio.org/nerw/nerw-020603.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2005 lock-out ==== On August 15, 2005, 5,500 employees of the CBC (about 90%) were [[lockout (industry)|locked out]] by CBC CEO [[Robert Rabinovitch]] in a dispute over future hiring practices. At issue were the rules governing the hiring of contract workers in preference to full-time hires. The locked-out employees were members of the [[Canadian Media Guild]], representing all production, journalistic and on-air personnel outside Quebec and Moncton, including several foreign correspondents. While CBC services continued during the lock-out, they were primarily made up of repeats, with news programming from the [[BBC]] and newswires.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 17, 2005 |title=With lockout, depleted CBC struggling to stay timely |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/with-lockout-depleted-cbc-struggling-to-stay-timely/article4119988/ |access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref> Major CBC programs such as ''[[The National (TV program)|The National]]'' and ''[[Royal Canadian Air Farce (TV series)|Royal Canadian Air Farce]]'' were not produced during the lock-out; some non-CBC-owned programs seen on the network, such as ''[[The Red Green Show]]'', shifted to other studios. Meanwhile, the locked-out employees produced podcasts and websites such as ''CBCunplugged.com''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} After a hiatus, talks re-opened. On September 23, [[Joe Fontana]], the federal minister of labour, called Rabinovitch and Arnold Amber—the president of the CBC branch of the [[Canadian Media Guild]]—to his office for talks aimed at ending the dispute. Late in the evening of October 2, 2005, it was announced that the CBC management and staff had reached a tentative deal which resulted in the CBC returning to normal operations on October 11. Some speculated that the looming October 8 start date for the network's most important television property, ''[[Hockey Night in Canada]]'', had acted as an additional incentive to resolve the dispute. While all labour disputes resulted in cut-back programming and numerous repeat airings, the 2005 lock-out may have been the most damaging to CBC. All local programming in the affected regions was cancelled and replaced by abbreviated national newscasts and national radio morning shows. [[BBC World]] (television) and [[BBC World Service|World Service]] (radio), as well as [[Broadcast News (Canada)|Broadcast News]] feeds, were used to provide the remainder of original news content, and the CBC website consisted mainly of rewritten wire copy. Some BBC staff protested against their material being used during the CBC lock-out. "The [[National Union of Journalists|NUJ]] and [[Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union|BECTU]] will not tolerate their members' work being used against colleagues in Canada", said a joint statement by BBC unions. The CMG questioned whether, with its limited Canadian news content, the CBC was meeting its legal requirements under the ''Broadcasting Act'' and its CRTC licences.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC benefits on the backs of CBC employees|url=http://www.cmg.ca/cbcnegsmediaEN.html#BBC|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051211002604/http://www.cmg.ca/cbcnegsmediaEN.html#BBC|archive-date=December 11, 2005}}</ref> [[Galaxie (radio)|Galaxie]] (which CBC owned at the time) supplied some music content for the radio networks. Tapes of aired or produced documentaries, interviews and entertainment programs were also aired widely. Selected television sports coverage, including that of the [[Canadian Football League]], continued, but without commentary. As before, French-language staff outside of Quebec were also affected by the 2005 lock-out, although with Quebec producing the bulk of the French networks' programming, those networks were not as visibly affected by the dispute apart from local programs. == International broadcasts == {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}}[[File:QSL Card, CBC Radio-Canada, 1956 (Side A) (4564382481).jpg|thumb|A [[QSL card]] from 1956 promoting CBC Radio-Canada's international service]] [[CBC Television]], [[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]], [[CBC News Network]], and all other CBC channels can be received through cable and satellite TV channel providers across Canada, such as [[Bell Satellite TV]], [[Telus]] [[Optik TV]], [[Rogers Cable]], [[Videotron]], [[Cogeco]], and other smaller TV providers. The CBC and Radio-Canada channel signals can also be obtained free of charge, [[Over the air broadcasting|over-the-air]], through antenna receivers in Canada's largest markets as well as in some border states along the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–U.S. border]]; however, CBC is not obtainable as a "[[free-to-air]]" (FTA) channel on FTA satellites. === Caribbean === {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}} Several [[Caribbean Countries]] carry feeds of CBC TV, including in: * [[Bahamas]], on the coral wave (Cable Bahamas) television system in the Northern Bahamas (Channel 8). * [[Barbados]], **on the [[Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation]]-owned cable system ''[[Multi-Choice TV]]'' (Channel 703); and **on the [[Columbus Communications]]-owned cable system ''[[FLOW Barbados]]'' (Channel 132). * [[Bermuda]], on the CableVision digital cable service. * [[Grenada]], carried on [[Columbus Communications]]-owned cable system [[Flow (brand)|''FLOW'' ''Grenada'']]. * [[Jamaica]], distributed in areas served by ''[[FLOW Jamaica]]''. * [[Trinidad and Tobago]], on the [[Columbus Communications]] Trinidad Ltd. (CCTL) television system. === United States === CBC radio and television stations can be received [[terrestrial television|over-the-air]] and have a significant audience in [[Canada–United States border|U.S. border]] communities such as [[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham]] and [[Seattle]], Washington; [[Buffalo, New York]]; [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]; and [[Burlington, Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/21/sports/olympics/21cbc.html|title=Canadian TV switch displeases Americans|first=Joanne|last=Gerstner|work=The New York Times|date=February 20, 2010|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=July 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702192014/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/21/sports/olympics/21cbc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Farther from the border, some American fans of the network have acquired Canadian [[IP address]]es to stream its sports broadcasts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/some-us-viewers-turn-to-cbc-amid-complaints-about-nbcs-olympic-coverage/article16790846/|title=Some U.S. viewers turn to CBC amid complaints about NBC's Olympic coverage|first=Cassandra|last=Szklarski|work=The Globe and Mail|date=February 10, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420152154/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/some-us-viewers-turn-to-cbc-amid-complaints-about-nbcs-olympic-coverage/article16790846/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some CBC programming is also [[Rebroadcaster|rebroadcast]] on local public radio, such as [[New Hampshire Public Radio]], [[Vermont Public Radio]] and the [[Maine Public Broadcasting Network]]. CBC television channels are available on cable systems located near the Canada–U.S. border. For example, [[CBET-DT|CBET]] [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] is available on cable systems in the Detroit, Michigan, and [[Toledo, Ohio]], areas; much of the rest of the state of Michigan receives [[CBMT-DT|CBMT Montreal]] on cable. [[CBUT-DT|CBUT]] [[Vancouver]] is broadcast on [[Comcast]] in the Seattle area. At night, the AM radio transmissions of both CBC and Radio-Canada services can be received over much of the northern portion of the United States, from stations such as [[CBW (AM)|CBW]] in [[Winnipeg]], [[CBK (AM)|CBK]] in [[Saskatchewan]], and [[CJBC (AM)|CJBC]] in [[Toronto]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} On September 11, 2001, several American broadcasters without their own news operations, including [[C-SPAN]], carried the CBC's coverage of the [[September 11 attacks]] in New York City and [[Washington, D.C.]] In the days after September 11, C-SPAN carried CBC's nightly newscast, ''[[The National (CBC)|The National]]'', anchored by [[Peter Mansbridge]]. The quality of this coverage was recognised specifically by the [[Canadian Journalism Foundation]]; editor-in-chief [[Tony Burman]] later accepted the Excellence in Journalism Award (2004), for "rigorous professional practice, accuracy, originality and public accountability", on behalf of the service.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} C-SPAN has also carried CBC's coverage of major events affecting Canadians, including: [[Canadian federal election]]s, key proceedings in [[Parliament of Canada]], Six days in September 2000 that marked the [[death and state funeral of Pierre Elliott Trudeau]], the [[2003 North America blackout|power outage crisis]] in summer 2003, [[U.S. presidential election]]s (e.g. in [[2004 U.S. presidential election|2004]], C-SPAN picked up ''The National'' the day after the election for the view from Canadians), state visits and official visits of [[President of United States|American presidents]] to Canada, and [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|Barack Obama inauguration]] in 2009.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} Several [[PBS]] stations also air some CBC programming. However, these programs are syndicated by independent distributors, and are not governed by the PBS "common carriage" policy. Other American broadcast networks sometimes air CBC reports, especially for Canadian events of international significance. For example, in the early hours after the [[Swissair Flight 111]] disaster, [[CNN]] aired CBC's live coverage of the event. Also in the late 1990s, [[CNN Headline News]] aired a few CBC reports of events that were not significant outside Canada.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} ==== Newsworld International and Trio ==== {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}} From 1994 to 2000, the CBC, in a venture with [[Power Corporation of Canada|Power Broadcasting]] (former owner of [[CKWS-TV|CKWS]] in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]), jointly owned two networks: # [[Newsworld International]] (NWI), an American cable channel that rebroadcast much of the programming of CBC Newsworld (now known as [[CBC News Network]]). # [[Trio channel|Trio]], an arts and entertainment channel. In 2000, the CBC and Power Broadcasting sold these channels to [[Barry Diller]]'s [[USA Networks]]. Diller's company was later acquired by [[Vivendi Universal]], which in turn was partially acquired by [[NBC]] to form [[NBCUniversal]]. NBCUniversal still owns the Trio brand, which no longer has any association with the CBC (and became an Internet-only broadband channel which was later folded into [[Bravo (U.S. TV channel)|Bravo]].) The channel was shut down and was replaced with the NBCUniversal channel Sleuth (later known as [[Cloo]]). However, the CBC continued to program NWI, with much of its programming simulcast on the domestic Newsworld service. In late 2004, as a result of a further change in NWI's ownership to the [[INdTV]] consortium (including [[Joel Hyatt]] and former [[Vice-President of the United States|U.S. Vice-President]] [[Al Gore]]), NWI ceased airing CBC programming on August 1, 2005, when it became [[Current TV]]. Current later folded and became [[Al Jazeera America]] on August 20, 2013. === International broadcast of radio programs === {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}} Some CBC Radio One programs, such as ''[[Definitely Not the Opera]]'', ''[[WireTap]]'', ''[[Q (radio show)|Q]]'', and ''[[As It Happens]]'', also air on some stations associated with [[American Public Media]] or [[Public Radio International]]. CBC Radio One (with a special feed that exclusively contains CBC-produced content and no regional programs) and Ici Radio-Canada Première (a simulcast of its Montreal flagship [[CBF-FM]]) are available to [[Sirius XM Holdings|SiriusXM]] subscribers in the United States. == Controversies == === Allegations of bias === {{see also|CBC News#Bias allegations}} Several outlets and politicians over many years have accused [[CBC News]] of bias.<ref name="Gutstein-CBC-Hit-Piece-on-Medicare">{{cite web |url=https://thetyee.ca/Mediacheck/2006/01/06/CBCHitPiece/ |last=Gutstein |first=Donald |title=Mediacheck: Behind the CBC's Hit Piece on Medicare |publisher=The Tyee |date=January 6, 2006 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |quote=This distorted and biased attack on our public health care system aired twice on the CBC in December, during the second week of the federal election. |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430204851/http://thetyee.ca/Mediacheck/2006/01/06/CBCHitPiece/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NP_Column">{{cite news |title=CBC: Not the public's broadcaster after all |url=http://business.financialpost.com/fp-comment/cbc-not-the-publics-broadcaster-after-all |work=National Post |date=December 11, 2014 |access-date=March 15, 2017 |archive-date=May 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505191857/http://business.financialpost.com/fp-comment/cbc-not-the-publics-broadcaster-after-all |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NP_Bias">{{cite news|title=CBC tries to hide its happy face as Liberals and NDP vow to pump up funding for public broadcaster |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/cbc-tries-to-hide-its-happy-face-as-liberals-and-ndp-vow-to-pump-up-funding-for-public-broadcaster |work=National Post |date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=May 26, 2015 |first=Tristan |last=Hopper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/amiel-why-the-cbc-needs-new-blood/|title=Amiel: Why the CBC needs new blood|last=Amiel|first=Barbara|work=Maclean's|date=June 18, 2015|access-date=December 29, 2019|archive-date=December 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229091650/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/amiel-why-the-cbc-needs-new-blood/|url-status=live}}</ref> Surveys have found the Canadian public perceives a centre-left/Liberal Party bias in CBC News coverage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://policyoptions.irpp.org/fr/magazines/kyoto/is-cbc-really-biased/ |title=Is CBC Really Biased? |date=December 1, 2002 |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906204607/https://policyoptions.irpp.org/fr/magazines/kyoto/is-cbc-really-biased/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/public-policy-2002/cbc-television-news-has-a-bias-problem/ |title=CBC Television News has a bias problem |date=July 1, 2002 |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906204606/https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/public-policy-2002/cbc-television-news-has-a-bias-problem/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news2/pdf/public-opinionreporteng-oct1_10.pdf |title=The News Fairness and Balance Report |date=September 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506130901/https://www.cbc.ca/news2/pdf/public-opinionreporteng-oct1_10.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://abacusdata.ca/canadian-news-media-and-fake-news-under-a-microscope/ |title=Canadian News Media And "Fake News" Under A Microscope |date=April 29, 2017 |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906204231/https://abacusdata.ca/canadian-news-media-and-fake-news-under-a-microscope/ |url-status=live }}{{registration required}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2017/04/29/survey-finds-24-million-canadians-say-theyve-read-fake-news-stories/ |title=Survey suggests large number of Canadians have likely read 'fake' news stories |date=April 29, 2017 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907172541/https://ipolitics.ca/2017/04/29/survey-finds-24-million-canadians-say-theyve-read-fake-news-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Falun Gong and ''Beyond the Red Wall'' === In November 2007, the CBC replaced its documentary about [[persecution of Falun Gong]] members in China, '''''Beyond the Red Wall: Persecution of Falun Gong''''',<ref name=":3" /> at the last minute with a rerun episode regarding President [[Pervez Musharraf]] in Pakistan. The broadcaster had said to the press that "the crisis in Pakistan was considered more urgent and much more newsworthy", but sources from within the network itself had stated that the Chinese government had called the [[Canadian Embassy]] and demanded repeatedly that the program be taken off the air. The documentary in question was to air on Tuesday, November 6, 2007, on [[CBC Newsworld]], but was replaced.<ref> {{cite news |author= Star News Services |title= Falun Gong documentary yanked by CBC |url= http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=b4e0f259-2977-44d0-be62-39ef42bc79dc |format= Newspaper |work= [[Windsor Star]] |publisher= [[Canwest Global]] (Windsor Star's Star News Services) |pages= B1 |date= November 8, 2007 |access-date= November 8, 2007 |quote= "CBC pulls documentary on Falun Gong at demands of Chinese Government" |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081202120206/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=b4e0f259-2977-44d0-be62-39ef42bc79dc |url-status=dead |archive-date= December 2, 2008 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> The documentary aired two weeks later on November 20, 2007,<ref name=":3">[http://www.cbc.ca/thelens/program_201107.html Beyond the Red Wall: The Persecution of Falun Gong], ''Cbc.ca'', November 20, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119180418/http://www.cbc.ca/thelens/program_201107.html |date=November 19, 2011 }}</ref> after editing.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/277988 CBC still tinkering with Falun Gong documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020194601/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/277988 |date=October 20, 2012 }}, ''Toronto Star'', November 20, 2007.</ref> === {{Anchor|Catherine Tait comparing Netflix's influence to colonialism}}CBC President's comparison of Netflix's influence to colonialism === In January 2019 CBC President [[Catherine Tait]] came under fire for comparing [[Netflix]] to colonial [[imperialism]] in [[Western imperialism in Asia|India]] and parts of [[Imperialism in Africa|Africa]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/cbc-president-tait-warns-of-cultural-imperialism-danger-from-netflix| title=CBC president Catherine Tait compares Netflix to colonialism of the British and French empires| website=National Post| date=January 31, 2019}}</ref> Tait did not offer an apology and [[Heather Mallick]] defended her comparison.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2019/02/04/cbc-chief-stands-up-to-us-cultural-swamping.html| title=CBC chief stands up to U.S. cultural swamping| website=Toronto Star| date=February 4, 2019| access-date=April 11, 2019| archive-date=March 25, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325060827/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2019/02/04/cbc-chief-stands-up-to-us-cultural-swamping.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Tait's comments made American headlines with J.J. McCullough of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' suggesting that "the state-sponsored" corporation shielded her from criticism and that the Canadian industry "was built in part as a bulwark against American influence".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/02/07/no-popularity-american-tv-canada-is-not-imperialism/| title=No, the popularity of American TV in Canada is not 'imperialism'| first=J.J.| last=McCullough| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| date=February 7, 2019| access-date=April 11, 2019| archive-date=March 22, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322190659/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/02/07/no-popularity-american-tv-canada-is-not-imperialism/| url-status=live}}</ref> Canadian TV critic [[John Doyle (critic)|John Doyle]], who has long criticized what he perceives as the low standards of Canadian programming, claimed that CBC had a problem of complacency rather than imperialism.<ref>{{cite web |last=Doyle |first=John |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-problem-is-complacency-not-netflix-imperialism/ |title=CBC's problem is complacency not imperialism |website=The Globe and Mail |date=February 6, 2019 |access-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727070224/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-problem-is-complacency-not-netflix-imperialism/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Closed captioning === [[CBC Television]] was an early leader in broadcasting programming with [[closed captioning]] for the [[Hearing-impaired|hearing impaired]], airing its first captioned programming in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/history/1980s.shtml |title=CBC/RadioCanada–History–1980s |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628204745/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/history/1980s.shtml |archive-date=June 28, 2010 }}</ref> Captioned programming in Canada began with the airing of ''[[Clown White]]'' in English-language and French-language versions on CBC Television and Radio-Canada, respectively. Most sources list that event as occurring in 1981,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collections.ic.gc.ca/cbc/radiotv/decades/1980/br.html |title=Welcome to.../Bienvenue à |publisher=Collections.ic.gc.ca |date=May 1, 2001 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511123721/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/cbc/radiotv/decades/1980/br.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 }}</ref> while others list the year as 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cab-acr.ca/english/social/captioning/captioning.pdf#search=%22%22clown%20white%22%20captioning%22|title=Closed captioning standards and protocol for Canadian English language television programming services|publisher=Canadian Association of Broadcasters|year=2008|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031004004820/http://www.cab-acr.ca/english/social/captioning/captioning.pdf|archive-date=October 4, 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1997, Henry Vlug, a deaf lawyer in Vancouver, filed a complaint with the [[Canadian Human Rights Commission]] (CHRC) alleging that an absence of captioning on some programming on CBC Television and [[Newsworld]] infringed on his rights as a person with a disability. A ruling in 2000 by the [[Canadian Human Rights Tribunal]], which later heard the case, sided with Vlug and found that an absence of captioning constituted [[disability discrimination|discrimination on the basis of disability]]. The Tribunal ordered CBC Television and Newsworld to caption the entirety of their broadcast days, "including television shows, commercials, promos, and unscheduled news flashes, from sign-on until sign off".<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Vlug v. CBC |url=http://www.chrt-tcdp.gc.ca/search/view_html.asp?doid=271&lg=_e&isruling=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033044/http://www.chrt-tcdp.gc.ca/search/view_html.asp?doid=271&lg=_e&isruling=0 |archive-date=February 27, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |publisher=Chrt-tcdp.gc.ca}}</ref> The ruling recognized that "there will inevitably be glitches with respect to the delivery of captioning", but that "the rule should be full captioning". In a negotiated settlement to avoid appealing the ruling to the [[Federal Court of Canada]], the CBC agreed to commence 100% captioning on CBC Television and Newsworld beginning November 1, 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fmedia%5Froom%2Fnews%5Freleases%2Den%2Easp&id=247 |title=Canadian Human Rights Commission :: Resources :: News Room :: News Releases |publisher=Chrc-ccdp.ca |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201203905/http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fmedia_room%2Fnews_releases-en.asp&id=247 |archive-date=December 1, 2008 }}</ref> CBC Television and Newsworld are the only broadcasters in the world required to caption the entire broadcast day. However, published evidence asserts that CBC is not providing the 100% captioning ordered by the Tribunal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://joeclark.org/access/captioning/CBC/background/|title=Backgroung: CBC captioning, errors and omissions|first=Joe|last=Clark|date=August 3, 2006|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023055/http://joeclark.org/access/captioning/CBC/background/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, Canadian retired senator [[Jean-Robert Gauthier]], a hard-of-hearing person, filed a complaint with the CHRC against Radio-Canada concerning captioning, particularly the absence of real-time captioning on newscasts and other live programming. As part of the settlement process, Radio-Canada agreed to submit a report on the state of captioning, especially real-time captioning, on Radio-Canada and [[Réseau de l'information|RDI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fwhats%5Fnew%2Fdefault%2Den%2Easp&id=289 |title=Canadian Human Rights Commission :: Resources :: What's New |publisher=Chrc-ccdp.ca |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201203933/http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fwhats_new%2Fdefault-en.asp&id=289 |archive-date=December 1, 2008 }}</ref> The report, which was the subject of some criticism, proposed an arrangement with [[La Cité collégiale|Cité Collégiale]], a college in Ottawa, to train more French-language real-time captioners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fmedia%5Froom%2Ftoc%5Ftdm%2Den%2Easp |title=Canadian Human Rights Commission :: Resources :: News Room :: Télévision de Radio-Canada's Working Committee |publisher=Chrc-ccdp.ca |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902210740/http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/client/site/includes/print.asp?lang=en&print=1&url=%2Fmedia_room%2Ftoc_tdm-en.asp |archive-date=September 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://joeclark.org/access/captioning/CBC/background/Gauthier/ |title=Response to report on captioning on French CBC channels (Joe Clark: Media Access) |publisher=Joe Clark |access-date=February 19, 2011 |archive-date=December 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219081558/http://joeclark.org/access/captioning/CBC/background/Gauthier/ |url-status=live }}</ref> English-language [[List of Canadian specialty services|specialty networks]] owned or co-owned by CBC, including [[Documentary (TV channel)|documentary]], have the lower captioning requirements typical of larger Canadian broadcasters (90% of the broadcast day by the end of both networks' licence terms).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Decision CRTC 2000-453|url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/eng/Decisions/2000/DB2000-453.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202123122/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/eng/Decisions/2000/DB2000-453.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Decision CRTC 2000-455|url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2000/DB2000-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202123117/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2000/DB2000-455.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2008}}</ref> [[ARTV]], the French-language specialty network co-owned by CBC, has a minimum captioning requirement of 53%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2000/DB2000-386.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202123112/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2000/DB2000-386.htm|url-status=dead|title=Decision CRTC 2000-386|archive-date=December 2, 2008}}</ref> === 2013 Radio-Canada rebranding === On June 5, 2013, the CBC announced that it would be phasing out the Radio-Canada brand from its French-language broadcast properties, and unifying them under names prefixed with "''Ici''" ('this is' or literally 'here'). For instance, the CBC planned to re-brand ''[[Télévision de Radio-Canada]]'' as "''Ici Télé''", ''[[Première Chaîne]]'' as "''Ici Première''", and move its French-language website from ''[[Radio-Canada.ca]]'' to ''ici.ca''. Radio-Canada vice-president [[Louis Lalande]] stated that the new name complemented its multi-platform operations, while also serving as an homage to the broadcaster's historic [[station identification]] slogan since the 1930s, "''ici Radio-Canada''" ('this is Radio-Canada').<ref name="cp-frenchnewname">{{cite web |title=French CBC announces new name: 'Radio' and 'Canada' are out |url=https://montrealgazette.com/life/French+announces+name+Radio+Canada/8482769/story.html |agency=The Canadian Press |access-date=September 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821081845/http://www.montrealgazette.com/life/French%2Bannounces%2Bname%2BRadio%2BCanada/8482769/story.html |archive-date=August 21, 2013 }}</ref> [[File:ICI Radio-Canada Première.svg|thumb|Logo for [[Ici Radio-Canada Première]], the corporation's French-language radio network]] The announcement was criticized by politicians (such as [[Minister of Canadian Heritage]] [[James Moore (Canadian politician)|James Moore]]), who felt that the new "Ici" brand was too confusing, and that the CBC was diminishing the value of the Radio-Canada name through its plans to downplay it. The re-branding was also criticized for being unnecessary spending, reportedly costing $400,000, in the midst of budget cuts at the CBC.<ref>{{cite news|last=Faguy|first=Steve|title=Radio-Canada's 'Ici' rebranding spells trouble for businessman|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Radio+Canada+rebranding+spells+trouble+businessman/8506057/story.html|access-date=June 11, 2013|newspaper=The Gazette|date=June 10, 2013|archive-date=June 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615233325/http://www.montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Radio+Canada+rebranding+spells+trouble+businessman/8506057/story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 10, in response to the criticism, [[Hubert Lacroix]] apologized for the decision and announced that the new brands for its main radio and television networks would be revised to restore the Radio-Canada name alongside Ici, such as "''Ici Radio-Canada Première''".<ref name="cbc-ici">{{cite news|title=Radio-Canada retreats on rebranding company as ICI|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/radio-canada-retreats-on-rebranding-company-as-ici-1.1336870|publisher=CBC News|access-date=January 3, 2020|archive-date=September 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930185516/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/radio-canada-retreats-on-rebranding-company-as-ici-1.1336870|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gandm-icidropped">{{cite news|title=Radio-Canada president apologizes for 'Ici' rebranding plan|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/radio-canada-apologizes-for-ici-rebranding-plan/article12463433/|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=June 11, 2013|location=Toronto|date=June 10, 2013|archive-date=June 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611013448/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/radio-canada-apologizes-for-ici-rebranding-plan/article12463433/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, the CBC also filed a [[trademark]] lawsuit against Sam Norouzi, founder of [[CFHD-DT]]—a new multicultural station in Montreal—seeking to have Norouzi's registration on the name "ICI" (as an abbreviation of "International Channel/Canal International") cancelled because it was too similar to its own "Ici"-related trademarks. Despite Norouzi's trademark having been registered prior to the registration of CBC's, the corporation argued that Norouzi's application contained incorrect information surrounding his first use of the name in commerce, and also asserted the long-time use of "Ici Radio-Canada" as part of its imaging. Norouzi stated that he planned to fight the CBC in court.<ref name="gazette-icitrademark">{{cite web|title=Radio-Canada's 'Ici' rebranding spells trouble for businessman|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Radio+Canada+rebranding+spells+trouble+businessman/8506057/story.html|work=The Gazette|publisher=Postmedia Network|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-date=June 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615233325/http://www.montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Radio+Canada+rebranding+spells+trouble+businessman/8506057/story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=June 11, 2013|title=Quick Reversal for Plan to Rename Canadian Broadcaster|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/business/media/quick-reversal-for-plan-to-rename-canadian-broadcaster.html|access-date=April 30, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430024557/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/business/media/quick-reversal-for-plan-to-rename-canadian-broadcaster.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Suspension of local newscasts during the COVID-19 pandemic === On March 18, 2020, in the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]], CBC News suspended all of its English-language [[CBC Television local newscasts|local newscasts]] (excluding those carried by [[CBC North]], which include an English-language newscast and a second in [[Inuktitut]]), replacing them in their time slots with [[simulcast]]s of [[CBC News Network]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tricitynews.com/cbc-temporarily-scraps-local-tv-newscasts-except-for-the-north-due-to-covid-19-1.24100574|title=CBC temporarily scraps local TV newscasts, except for the North, due to COVID-19|last=Ahearn|first=Victoria|website=Tri-City News|access-date=March 19, 2020|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319045715/https://www.tricitynews.com/cbc-temporarily-scraps-local-tv-newscasts-except-for-the-north-due-to-covid-19-1.24100574|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.fagstein.com/2020/03/18/cbc-suspends-local-tv-newscasts/|title=CBC suspends local TV newscasts amid COVID-19 outbreak|last=Faguy|first=Steve|date=March 18, 2020 |access-date=March 21, 2020|archive-date=March 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321052634/https://blog.fagstein.com/2020/03/18/cbc-suspends-local-tv-newscasts/|url-status=live}}</ref> The CBC stated that this was done in order to pool its local resources to CBC News Network as a "core news offering".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-tvnews-changes-coronavirus-1.5501512|title=CBC temporarily replaces local evening TV news amid coronavirus pandemic|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=CBC News|access-date=March 18, 2020|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319064203/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-tvnews-changes-coronavirus-1.5501512|url-status=live}}</ref> An employee memo suggested that a lack of staff at the [[Canadian Broadcasting Centre]] and "much stricter newsgathering protocols" were another factor in the decision.<ref name=":0" /> CBC News editor-in-chief Brodie Fenlon similarly stated that the broadcaster had decided to consolidate news production because their outbreak had "place[d] incredible demands on our staff and our infrastructure", and not all jobs associated with television production were capable of being done remotely.<ref name=":0" /> These consolidations only affect news programming on CBC Television; [[CBC Radio]] and [[Ici Radio-Canada Télé]] have continued to carry local content.<ref name=":0" /> The CBC's decision faced criticism for its lack of clear justification, and resulting reduction of local news coverage during a major news event—especially in markets where CBC's local newscasts are the only news programming specific to the region (such as [[Prince Edward Island]], which resulted in criticism of the move by [[Premier of Prince Edward Island|Premier]] [[Dennis King (politician)|Dennis King]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/pei-premier-incredibly-disappointed-in-suspension-of-local-cbc-news-programming-426065/|title=P.E.I. premier 'incredibly disappointed' in suspension of local CBC news programming|website=The Guardian|access-date=March 19, 2020|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319045741/https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/pei-premier-incredibly-disappointed-in-suspension-of-local-cbc-news-programming-426065/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Canadian Media Guild]] stated that the decision "flies in the face of past experience which has proven time and again that in times of significant events, Canadians trust and rely on CBC news coverage, particularly for its widespread coverage of regional and local impact, something no other Canadian network can match".<ref name=":0" /> ''[[Montreal Gazette]]'' media writer Steve Faguy questioned whether this change was in compliance with the individual stations' CRTC licences, as all CBC stations are required to produce local newscasts daily, and a minimum amount of local programming per-week.<ref name=":0" /> In an editorial for ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', former CTV News president [[Robert Hurst (broadcaster)|Robert Hurst]] stated that it was unusual for a journalistic operation to cut back on its operations during a crisis, and suggested that decision was the culmination of "decades of CBC News mismanagement" and low ratings in comparison to competitors (such as CTV, Global, and Citytv) in most markets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-closure-of-local-newscasts-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis-is-a/|title=CBC's closure of local newscasts amid the coronavirus crisis is a shame|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323001842/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/article-cbcs-closure-of-local-newscasts-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis-is-a/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Toronto Star'' similarly wrote that the CBC had "decided to bail on local communities across the country".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2020/03/19/cbc-shouldnt-shut-local-news-shows-in-a-time-of-crisis.html|title=CBC shouldn't shut local news shows in a time of crisis|date=March 19, 2020|website=Toronto Star|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320064426/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2020/03/19/cbc-shouldnt-shut-local-news-shows-in-a-time-of-crisis.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 24, the CBC announced that it would introduce "an expanded 30-minute local news segment on CBC News Network" beginning March 25, and would "make every effort to have all of the dedicated local shows back up on the main network".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-march-24-2020-1.5507880/we-totally-understand-the-frustration-cbc-president-defends-local-tv-news-suspension-amid-pandemic-1.5508146|title='We totally understand the frustration': CBC president defends local TV news suspension amid pandemic|date=March 24, 2020|website=CBC Radio|access-date=March 24, 2020|archive-date=March 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160544/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-march-24-2020-1.5507880/we-totally-understand-the-frustration-cbc-president-defends-local-tv-news-suspension-amid-pandemic-1.5508146|url-status=live}}</ref> === CBC Tandem and branded content === Since 2016, the CBC has utilized [[branded content]], publishing advertisements that are designed to look, read or sound similarly to news produced by the CBC itself.<ref name="CBC News">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/crtc-cbc-tandem-hearing-branded-content-1.5875081 |title=CRTC peppers CBC with questions about plans for controversial branded content |work=CBC News |date=January 15, 2021 |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905032448/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/crtc-cbc-tandem-hearing-branded-content-1.5875081 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020 the CBC formally launched a division called Tandem that focused its branded content marketing efforts, promising corporate clients they can "leverage" the CBC's reputation by aligning their message with the "trust Canadians have in our brand". Over 500 current and former employees called on CBC management to end Tandem, saying "in an era of 'fake news', where misinformation is already rife, it undermines trust ... what's worse, it uses [Canadians'] tax dollars to do it."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stoppaidcontentoncbc.ca/open-letter |title=An Open Letter to Canadians from CBC Journalists. |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905032448/https://www.stoppaidcontentoncbc.ca/open-letter |url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 2020 former employees requested that the [[Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission]] investigate Tandem as part of the public broadcaster's upcoming licence renewal, concerned the content blurs the lines between advertising and news, adding that "Canadians have a right to a national public broadcaster that puts their news and information needs ahead of the desires of corporate clients."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/12/09/on-air-personalities-join-campaign-against-cbcs-paid-content-division-tandem/ |title=On-air personalities join campaign against CBC's paid content division Tandem |work=City News |date=December 9, 2020 |access-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905032447/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/12/09/on-air-personalities-join-campaign-against-cbcs-paid-content-division-tandem/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Private sector media criticized the CBC's ability to dominate the Canadian advertising market, using taxpayer-funded subsidies to unfairly compete with local newspapers and broadcasters, driving them out of business.<ref name="CRTC 2022"/> CBC President and CEO Catherine Tait states that the CBC has since put "guardrails" in place that will ensure there is no confusion between CBC journalism and commercial advertising.<ref name="CBC News"/> The CRTC integrated its investigation of Tandem into its hearings on the renewal of CBC's federal broadcast licences, ultimately renewing the CBC's licence from 2022 to 2027 and approving the Tandem program. The CRTC required that the CBC must establish, maintain, and publicize their guidelines on branded content as well as measure whether branded content is confusing to Canadians.<ref name="CRTC 2022">{{Cite web|title=Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2022-165 and Broadcasting Orders CRTC 2022-166 and 2022-167|date=June 22, 2022|website=Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission|url=https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2022/2022-165.htm|access-date=July 6, 2022|archive-date=July 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703172031/https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2022/2022-165.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The CRTC decision has been criticized as allowing the CBC to disregard its mandate as a public broadcaster, transforming into a "publicly funded commercial broadcaster".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cbc-doesnt-want-to-be-a-cherished-public-broadcaster/ |title=CBC doesn't want to be a cherished public broadcaster |work=The Globe and Mail |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706095503/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cbc-doesnt-want-to-be-a-cherished-public-broadcaster/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Kenneth Muzik verdict === On December 15, 2021, Manitoba Bench Justice Herbert Rempel ordered the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to pay investment advisor Kenneth Wayne Muzik nearly $1.7 million in damages for a story it had aired in June 2012 featuring a former client, William Worthington, who complained about the performance of his investment portfolio. Muzik was represented by William Gange of Gange Collins Holloway.<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=December 23, 2021|title=Judge orders CBC to pay nearly $1.7M in defamation case|website=[[Canadian Broadcast Corporation|CBC News]]|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6296600|access-date=|archive-date=August 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824194005/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6296600|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, Rempel ordered CBC to pay nearly $300 thousand to cover Muzik's legal fees.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 22, 2022|title=Manitoba judge orders CBC to pay $295K in defamation case court costs|website=[[Canadian Broadcast Corporation|CBC News]]|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6393769|access-date=|archive-date=August 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824193951/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kenneth-wayne-muzik-cbc-defamation-case-1.6393769|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''WE Charity v. CBC''=== On February 8 2022, [[WE Charity]]'s [[New York City|New York]]-based affiliate filed a lawsuit against the CBC for defamation.<ref name=DefamationLawsuit>{{cite news|last=Queen|first=Jack|date=June 28, 2023|title=Canadian Broadcasting Corp must face WE Charity defamation lawsuit, U.S. court rules|website=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/canadian-broadcasting-corp-must-face-we-charity-defamation-lawsuit-us-court-2023-06-28|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=CanadianLawyer>{{cite news|last=Dino|first=Angelica|date=July 13, 2023|title=US District Court refuses to dismiss defamation lawsuit against Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|magazine=Canadian Lawyer|url=https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/practice-areas/litigation/us-district-court-refuses-to-dismiss-defamation-lawsuit-against-canadian-broadcasting-corporation/377828}}</ref><ref name=ActualMalice>{{cite news|last=Patrice|first=Joe|date=April 18, 2023|title='Actual Malice' Standard Didn't Stop Dominion From Suing Fox News Because Sometimes Networks Leave Whole Paper Trails Of Malice|website=[[Above the Law (website)|Above the Law]]|url=https://abovethelaw.com/2023/04/fox-news-defamation-cbc-actual-malice/|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=Pacer>{{cite web|title=WE CHARITY v. CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION|website=PacerMonitor|url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/43488254/WE_CHARITY_v_CANADIAN_BROADCASTING_CORPORATION}}</ref> The 230-page complaint was filed in the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]], where the case was assigned to [[United States district judge|district judge]] [[Randolph Moss|Randolph D. Moss]].<ref name=DefamationLawsuit/><ref name=Pacer/> The lawsuit alleges that, in an hour-long piece for its series [[The Fifth Estate (TV series)|The Fifth Estate]], the CBC broadcast claims by reporters Mark Kelly and Harvey Cashore that the CBC knew to be false, including that WE Charity had exaggerated the number of schoolhouses it had built in [[Kenya]] and deceived donors about how their money had been spent. WE Charity accused the CBC of fabricating quotes and using misleading editing to support what WE called a "preconceived narrative."<ref name=DefamationLawsuit/><ref name=CanadianLawyer/> Joe Patrice of the [[Above the Law (website)|Above the Law]] website, which covers legal news, reviewed the details of the lawsuit and called it a "mirror image" of [[Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network]].<ref name=ActualMalice/><ref name=ForumNonMotion>{{cite news|last=Patrice|first=Joe|date=July 6, 2023|title=Forum Non Motion Fails In The Face Of Modern Litigation Technology|website=[[Above the Law (website)|Above the Law]]|url=https://abovethelaw.com/2023/07/forum-non-motion-fails-in-the-face-of-modern-litigation-technology/}}</ref> [[Dominion Voting Systems]], originally a Canadian company, choose to sue [[Fox News Network]] in the United States, ultimately settling for $787.5 million.<ref name=Enrich>{{cite news|last=Enrich|first=David|date=April 18, 2023|title=The $787.5 million deal is one of the largest defamation settlements in U.S. history|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/04/18/business/fox-news-dominion-trial-settlement/the-787-5-million-deal-is-one-of-the-largest-defamation-settlements-in-us-history}}</ref> Similarly, WE Charity, whose American operations are incorporated in [[Williamsville, New York]], sued the CBC in the United States, in both instances despite the hurdle of the "actual malice" standard established in [[New York Times Co. v. Sullivan]], which is unique to American law and requires that the defendant either knew that or did not care if its representations were false.<ref name=ActualMalice/> Pattrice writes, "The CBC produced segments claiming that the charity misappropriated donor money… it did not."<ref name=ForumNonMotion/> On May 4, the CBC's attorneys filed a motion to dismiss the case per ''forum non conveniens'', saying that it would be more appropriately heard before a Canadian court.<ref name=DefamationLawsuit/><ref name=CanadianLawyer/><ref name=ActualMalice/><ref name=ForumNonMotion/><ref name=Pacer/> WE Charity replied on June 10, countering that the CBC's allegations had hindered its fundraising efforts in the United States, where many of its donors are located.<ref name=ForumNonMotion/><ref name=Pacer/> On June 27, Judge Moss denied the CBC's motion, ruling that the case would proceed in the District Court.<ref name=DefamationLawsuit/><ref name=CanadianLawyer/><ref name=ForumNonMotion/><ref name=Pacer/> Moss rejected the CBC's assertion that travel from Canada to the United States was unduly burdensome, and held that the relative ease of modern electronic discovery and document transfer between jurisdictions made the existence of documentary evidence in Canada a negligible hurdle to litigation in the United States.<ref name=ForumNonMotion/> Patrice suggests that, even ten years prior, the CBC's motion might have succeeded, and sees the decision as an example of how the rise of digital media is revolutionizing the legal profession.<ref name=ForumNonMotion/> === Twitter label controversy === On April 17, 2023, the main CBC account on [[Twitter]] was labeled as "government-funded media". In response, the CBC announced they would cease posting on Twitter, similarly to [[NPR]] after the initial [[NPR#Twitter controversy|controversy]] surrounding [[Twitter under Elon Musk|Elon Musk's decisions as Twitter CEO]]. Later, Elon Musk tweeted that in response to the CBC's claim that they were "less than 70% government-funded", Twitter was changing the label to "69% government-funded media."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trudeau-rival-clash-over-twitter-labeling-cbc-government-funded-2023-04-17/ |title=Canada public broadcaster's Twitter account labeled '69% Government-funded Media' |newspaper=Reuters |date=April 18, 2023 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418051541/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/trudeau-rival-clash-over-twitter-labeling-cbc-government-funded-2023-04-17/ |url-status=live |last1=Scherer |first1=Steve }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/justin-trudeau-pierre-poilievre-twitter-cbc |title=Canada's CBC'pauses'Twitter use after government-funded media label |newspaper=The Guardian |date=April 17, 2023 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418035005/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/justin-trudeau-pierre-poilievre-twitter-cbc |url-status=live |last1=Cecco |first1=Leyland }}</ref> According to the CBC annual revenue report, 70.6% of revenue came from government spending in 2019-2020, while 65.6% of revenue came from the government in 2021-2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019-2020 Annual Report - Revenue and Other Sources of Funds |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2019-2020/financial-sustainability/revenue-and-other-funds |access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=CBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021-2022 Annual Report - Revenue and Other Sources of Funds |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2021-2022/financial-sustainability/revenue-and-other-funds|access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=CBC |language=en}}</ref> On May 9, the CBC announced that it would resume activity on some of its Twitter accounts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canadian |first=Press |date=May 9, 2023 |title=CBC resumes activity on some of its Twitter accounts after hitting pause over labels |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2023/05/09/cbc-resumes-activity-on-some-of-its-twitter-accounts-after-hitting-pause-over-labels.html |access-date=June 7, 2023}}</ref> == See also == {{Portal|Canada|Media}} * [[CBC Museum]] * [[Concentration of media ownership]] * [[List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] * [[List of public broadcasters by country]] * [[List of public service radio stations]] * [[Media in Canada]] * [[Public Francophone Radios]] * [[Réseau de l'information]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Further reading == * Allen, Gene, and Daniel J. Robinson, eds. ''Communicating in Canada's Past: Essays in Media History'' (University of Toronto Press, 2009) * Graham, Sean. "A Canadian Network? The CBC and Television, 1936–1939". ''Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television'' (2014) pp: 1–19. * Ménard, Marion. ''CBC/Radio-Canada: Overview and Key Issues'' (Library of Parliament publication No. 2013-92; 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150104202444/http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2013-92-e.pdf online]; 11 pages * Murray, Gil. ''Nothing on but the radio: a look back at radio in Canada and how it changed the world'' (Dundurn, 2003); Popular history * Peers, Frank W. ''The politics of Canadian broadcasting, 1920–1951'' (University of Toronto Press, 1969) * Taras, David. ''Digital Mosaic: Media, Power, and Identity in Canada'' (University of Toronto Press, 2015) * Teer-Tomaselli, Ruth. "Empire and broadcasting in the interwar years: towards a consideration of public broadcasting in the British dominions". ''Critical Arts'' (2015) 29#1 pp: 77–93. * Weir, Earnest Austin. ''The struggle for national broadcasting in Canada'' (McClelland and Stewart, 1965) === Primary sources === * {{cite book|editor=Bird, Roger|title=Documents of Canadian Broadcasting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V37OAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|year=1988|publisher=MQUP|isbn=9780773580893|ref=none}} === In French === * Bergeron, Raymonde, and Marcelle Ouellette. ''Voix, visages et legends: Radio-Canada 1936–1986''. Montreal, Que.: Entreprises Radio-Canada, 1986. ''N.B''.: The subtitle appears on front cover. 256 p., ill. with b&w ports. {{ISBN|0-88794-328-4}} * Witmer, Glenn Edward, and Jacques Chaput, eds. ''50 [i.e. Cinquante] ans de radio: Radio-Canada, 1936–1986''. Montreal, Que.: Entreprises Radio-Canada, 1986. 47 p., amply ill., chiefly with b&w photos. == External links == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en}} * [https://www.cbc.ca/news CBC News site] * [https://www.cbc.ca/frequency/index.html CBC Channels and Frequencies] {{Public broadcasting in Canada}} {{CBC Television}} {{CBC Radio}} {{CBC TV stations}} {{CBC radio stations}} {{Ici Radio-Canada Télé TV stations}} {{SRC radio stations}} {{CBC Television Shows (current and upcoming)}} {{CBC Radio Programs (current and upcoming)}} {{CBC Radio Dramas}} {{European Broadcasting Union Members}} {{Department of Canadian Heritage}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation| ]] [[Category:Federal departments and agencies of Canada]] [[Category:Canadian federal Crown corporations]] [[Category:Department of Canadian Heritage]] [[Category:Canadian brands]] [[Category:Canadian news websites]] [[Category:Companies based in Ottawa]] [[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]] [[Category:Multilingual broadcasters]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1936]] [[Category:1936 establishments in Ontario]] [[Category:Television broadcasting companies of Canada]] [[Category:Canadian companies established in 1936]] [[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]] Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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