Bonham, Texas

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Bonham, Texas
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = "The Star of North Texas"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityofbonham.org/|title=CITY OF BONHAM|website=CITY OF BONHAM}}</ref>

<!-- Images -->| image_skyline            = Downtown Bonham Texas WS (1 of 1).jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = Downtown Bonham, Texas (2020)
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map                = TXMap-doton-Bonham.PNG
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of Bonham, Texas
| image_map1               = Fannin County Bonham.svg
| mapsize1                 = 250px
| map_caption1             = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Fannin County, Texas|Fannin]]

<!-- Government -->| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_km2           = 25.47
| area_land_km2            = 25.47
| area_water_km2           = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi         = 9.83
| area_land_sq_mi          = 9.83
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of         = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 10127
| population_density_km2   = 407.81
| population_density_sq_mi = 1056.24

<!-- General information -->| timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset               = -6
| timezone_DST             = CDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -5
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 186
| elevation_ft             = 610
| coordinates              = {{coord|33|35|2|N|96|10|54|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 75418
| area_codes               = [[Area code 430|430]], [[Area code 903|903]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 48-09328<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1352653<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
| website                  = {{URL|www.cityofbonham.org/}}
| footnotes                = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 2019
| pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
| population_est           = 10386
| named_for                = [[James Bonham]]
}}
'''Bonham''' is a city and is the [[county seat]] of [[Fannin County, Texas]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=2011-05-31|url-status=dead|access-date=2011-06-07}}</ref>  The population was 10,408 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4809328| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Bonham city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=August 22, 2016}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> [[James Bonham]] (the city's namesake) sought the aid of [[James Fannin]] (the county's namesake) at the [[Battle of the Alamo]]. Bonham is part of the [[Texoma]] region in northern Texas and southern Oklahoma.

==History==
One of Texas's oldest cities, Bonham dates to 1837, when Bailey Inglish built a two-story [[blockhouse]] named Fort Inglish about {{convert|2|mi|0}} from the current downtown. Inglish and other acquaintances settled there in the summer of 1837, and the settlement was named "Bois D'Arc". The [[Congress of the Republic of Texas]] named the city Bloomington in 1843, but renamed it Bonham in honor of [[James Butler Bonham]], a defender of the [[Alamo]]. On February 2, 1848, Bonham was incorporated as a city. A 1936 statue of Bonham by Texas sculptor [[Allie Tennant]] is on the courthouse grounds.<ref>Little, Carol Morris, ''A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas'', University of Texas Press, Austin,  1996 p. 100</ref>

After connecting to the [[Texas and Pacific Railway]] the city began to grow, and by 1885 there were six churches, three colleges, two public schools, three weekly newspapers, a sawmill, two grain mills, a power plant, and about 2,300 inhabitants. 1890 saw the addition of streetcars, an ice plant, and the opening of the Texas Power and Light Company, the area's utility provider. In 1925 the city was connected to natural gas lines.

In 1898, 1911–1914 and 1921–1922, Bonham hosted [[minor league baseball]]. The [[Bonham Boosters]] and other Bonham teams played as members of the Class D [[Texas-Oklahoma League]] (1911–1914, 1921–1922) and the Independent [[Southwestern League]] (1898). Bonham teams featured a different moniker each season. [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] member [[Kid Nichols]] was Manager of the 1914 Bonham Sliders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi|title=Register Team Encyclopedia|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/league.cgi?code=TXOK&class=D|title=Texas-Oklahoma League (D) Encyclopedia and History|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

During the [[Second World War]], a training camp and an aviation school for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] were in the vicinity of Bonham, as was a prisoner-of-war camp for German soldiers. Parts of the camp, approximately 0.5 miles north of US 82, can still be visited today.

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], Bonham has a total area of {{convert|25.3|km2|order=flip}}, all  land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

===Climate===
Bonham's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Bonham has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=329014&cityname=Bonham,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Bonham, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Bonham, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1903–present)
 | Jan record high F  = 82
 | Feb record high F  = 92
 | Mar record high F  = 96
 | Apr record high F  = 98
 | May record high F  = 104
 | Jun record high F  = 108
 | Jul record high F  = 112
 | Aug record high F  = 115
 | Sep record high F  = 109
 | Oct record high F  = 103
 | Nov record high F  = 89
 | Dec record high F  = 86
 | year record high F = 
 | Jan high F = 52.9
 | Feb high F = 57.3
 | Mar high F = 65.2
 | Apr high F = 73.4
 | May high F = 80.6
 | Jun high F = 88.9
 | Jul high F = 93.6
 | Aug high F = 93.8
 | Sep high F = 86.9
 | Oct high F = 76.5
 | Nov high F = 64.5
 | Dec high F = 54.9
 | year high F = 74.0
 | Jan mean F = 42.8
 | Feb mean F = 46.7
 | Mar mean F = 54.4
 | Apr mean F = 62.4
 | May mean F = 71.0
 | Jun mean F = 79.3
 | Jul mean F = 83.5
 | Aug mean F = 83.1
 | Sep mean F = 75.8
 | Oct mean F = 64.8
 | Nov mean F = 53.4
 | Dec mean F = 44.8
 | year mean F = 63.5
 | Jan low F = 32.7
 | Feb low F = 36.0
 | Mar low F = 43.6
 | Apr low F = 51.4
 | May low F = 61.4
 | Jun low F = 69.6
 | Jul low F = 73.4
 | Aug low F = 72.4
 | Sep low F = 64.8
 | Oct low F = 53.2
 | Nov low F = 42.3
 | Dec low F = 34.8
 | year low F = 53.0
 | Jan record low F  = -5
 | Feb record low F  = -5
 | Mar record low F  = 9
 | Apr record low F  = 22
 | May record low F  = 32
 | Jun record low F  = 48
 | Jul record low F  = 52
 | Aug record low F  = 52
 | Sep record low F  = 34
 | Oct record low F  = 19
 | Nov record low F  = 8
 | Dec record low F  = -4
 | year record low F = 
 | precipitation colour   = green
 | Jan precipitation inch = 2.81
 | Feb precipitation inch = 3.10
 | Mar precipitation inch = 4.30
 | Apr precipitation inch = 4.01
 | May precipitation inch = 4.94
 | Jun precipitation inch = 4.46
 | Jul precipitation inch = 3.21
 | Aug precipitation inch = 2.89
 | Sep precipitation inch = 4.07
 | Oct precipitation inch = 4.58
 | Nov precipitation inch = 3.48
 | Dec precipitation inch = 3.66
 | year precipitation inch = 45.51
 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
 | Jan precipitation days  = 6.1
 | Feb precipitation days  = 6.9
 | Mar precipitation days  = 7.9
 | Apr precipitation days  = 6.8
 | May precipitation days  = 8.4
 | Jun precipitation days  = 6.8
 | Jul precipitation days  = 4.9
 | Aug precipitation days  = 4.7
 | Sep precipitation days  = 5.5
 | Oct precipitation days  = 6.1
 | Nov precipitation days  = 5.5
 | Dec precipitation days  = 6.0
 | year precipitation days = 75.6
 | Jan snow inch = 0.3
 | Feb snow inch = 0.5
 | Mar snow inch = 0.0
 | Apr snow inch = 0.0
 | May snow inch = 0.0
 | Jun snow inch = 0.0
 | Jul snow inch = 0.0
 | Aug snow inch = 0.0
 | Sep snow inch = 0.0
 | Oct snow inch = 0.0
 | Nov snow inch = 0.0
 | Dec snow inch = 0.3
 | year snow inch = 1.1
 | unit snow days = 0.1 in
 | Jan snow days  = 0.1
 | Feb snow days  = 0.2
 | Mar snow days  = 0.0
 | Apr snow days  = 0.0
 | May snow days  = 0.0
 | Jun snow days  = 0.0
 | Jul snow days  = 0.0
 | Aug snow days  = 0.0
 | Sep snow days  = 0.0
 | Oct snow days  = 0.0
 | Nov snow days  = 0.0
 | Dec snow days  = 0.1
 | year snow days = 0.4
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=fwd
|title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 8, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00410923&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 8, 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 211
|1860= 477
|1870= 928
|1880= 1889
|1890= 3361
|1900= 5042
|1910= 4844
|1920= 6008
|1930= 5655
|1940= 6349
|1950= 7049
|1960= 7357
|1970= 7698
|1980= 7338
|1990= 6686
|2000= 9990
|2010= 10127
|2020= 10408
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===

{| class="wikitable"
|+Bonham racial composition<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4809328&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><br /> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|6,537
|62.81%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|1,506
|14.47%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|78
|0.75%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|80
|0.77%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|6
|0.06%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|20
|0.19%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|348
|3.34%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|1,833
|17.61%
|-
|Total
|10,408
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 10,408 people, 2,963 households, and 1,696 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,067.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 3,400 housing units. There were 2,963 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 32.3% had someone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21% under the age of 19, 9% from 20 to 24, 31% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,793, and the median income for a family was $52,334. Males had a median income of $26,035 versus $21,897 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $24,874. About 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line.

==Education==
[[File:Bonham July 2016 35 (Bonham High School).jpg|thumb|[[Bonham High School (Texas)|Bonham High School]]]]

The city is served by the [[Bonham Independent School District]]. The city's high school is [[Bonham High School (Texas)|Bonham High School]].

[[Grayson County College]] operated a branch campus in Bonham until 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/Fannin_Countys_only_college_campus_to_close_125780528.html|title=Fannin County's only college campus to close|last=Staff|first=KXII-TV|website=www.kxii.com|access-date=2016-06-10}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
Highways in the Bonham area include [[U.S. Route 82 in Texas|U.S. Route 82]], [[Texas State Highway 78]], [[Texas State Highway 56]], and [[Texas State Highway 121]].

==Notable people==
*[[Homer Blankenship]], [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]] of 1920s
*[[Ted Blankenship]], MLB pitcher of 1920s
*[[Charlie Christian]], pioneering jazz guitarist
*[[Charlie Cole (photographer)|Charlie Cole]], photojournalist, known for his photo of the [[Tank Man]] during the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/3026967/tiananmen-square-tank-man-photographer-charlie-cole-dies-bali|title=Tiananmen Square Tank Man photographer Charlie Cole dies in Bali|date=Sep 13, 2019|website=South China Morning Post|accessdate=Mar 16, 2021}}</ref>
*[[Roberta Dodd Crawford]], lyric soprano and voice instructor
*[[Danny Darwin]], Major League Baseball pitcher
*[[Karen Dalton]], folk blues singer
*[[John Wesley Hardin]], well-known [[outlaw]] and [[gunfighter]] in late 19th-century [[Texas]]
*[[Durwood Keeton]], American football player
*[[Kenny Marchant]], [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]], Texas 24th District
*[[Joe Melson]], [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]] Award-winning songwriter for [[Roy Orbison]] 
*[[Tom McBride (baseball)|Tom McBride]], Major League Baseball [[outfielder]]
*[[Roy McMillan]], [[Cincinnati Reds]] [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] [[shortstop]]
*[[Jerry Moore (American football, born 1939)|Jerry Moore]], former head coach of [[Appalachian State Mountaineers#Football|Appalachian State Mountaineers]] football team
*[[Joe Morgan]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] [[second baseman]]
*[[Sam Rayburn]], politician, former [[Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]]
*[[James Tague]], writer and a key witness to the assassination of [[President John F. Kennedy]]
*[[B. A. Wilson]], [[NASCAR]] driver

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cityofbonham.org City of Bonham official website]
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bonham}}

{{Fannin County, Texas}}
{{Texas county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Fannin County, Texas]]
[[Category:County seats in Texas]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Texas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1837]]
[[Category:1837 establishments in the Republic of Texas]]