Beatrice, Nebraska

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Beatrice, Nebraska
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Gage County, Nebraska courthouse from S 4.JPG
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = [[Gage County Courthouse]]
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|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
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|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              =
| pushpin_map             = Nebraska#USA#North America
| pushpin_label           = Beatrice
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Nebraska
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_relief = yes

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Nebraska}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Nebraska|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Gage County, Nebraska|Gage]]
|government_footnotes     = <ref name=citysite/>
|government_type          = [[Mayor-council government]]
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              =
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|leader_name1             =
|established_title        =
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 18, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 24.76
|area_land_km2            = 24.55
|area_water_km2           = 0.22
|area_total_sq_mi         = 9.56
|area_land_sq_mi          = 9.48
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.08

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_est           =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_footnotes     =
|population_total         = 12261
|population_density_km2   = 499.51
|population_density_sq_mi = 1293.76
|pop_est_footnotes =

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1312
|coordinates              = {{coord|40|16|6|N|96|44|35|W|region:US-NE|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 68310
|area_code                = [[Area code 402|402]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 31-03390
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0837869 <ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|837869}}</ref>
|blank2_name              = [[United States Numbered Highway System|U.S. Routes]]
|blank2_info              = [[File:US 77.svg|20px|link=U.S. Route 77 in Nebraska]] [[File:US 136.svg|25px|link=U.S. Route 136 in Nebraska]]
|website                  = [https://www.beatrice.ne.gov/ beatrice.ne.gov]
}}

'''Beatrice''' ({{IPAc-en|b|i|ˈ|æ|t|r|ɪ|s}})<ref name=pronunciation/> is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Gage County, Nebraska|Gage County]], [[Nebraska]], United States. Its population was 12,261 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], making it the [[List of cities in Nebraska|15th most populous city in Nebraska]]. Beatrice is located approximately 25 miles south of [[Lincoln, Nebraska|Lincoln]] on the [[Big Blue River (Kansas)|Big Blue River]].

==History==
Gage County was one of the 19 counties originally established by the [[Nebraska Territorial Legislature]] in 1854. At the time of its establishment, there were no settlers living within its boundaries.<ref name=survey/>

In 1857, the steamboat ''Hannibal'', carrying 300 passengers up the [[Missouri River]] from [[St. Louis, Missouri]] to [[Nebraska City, Nebraska]], ran aground near [[Kansas City, Missouri]]. While it was stranded, 35 of the passengers agreed to form the "Nebraska Association", under which name they would unite in seeking a townsite and establishing a settlement in the territory.<ref name=andreas/><ref name=casde/>

After reaching Nebraska City, the Association divided itself into two exploratory parties, one of which went directly westward and the other southwest. The latter party located the site of Beatrice, at the point where the [[DeRoin Trail]] crossed the [[Big Blue River (Kansas)|Big Blue River]], and the whole Association decided to settle there. The settlement was named after Julia Beatrice Kinney, the 17-year-old daughter of Judge John F. Kinney, a member of the Association.<ref name=andreas/><ref name=casde/><ref name=histofgage/>{{rp|120}}<ref>At least one reference suggests that it was named for [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Beatrice]], last-born child of Queen Victoria (1857–1944), see {{cite book |first=Jerrold M. |last=Packard |title=Victoria's Daughters |location=New York |publisher=St. Martins |year=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/victoriasdaughte00pack/page/62 62] |isbn=0-312-19562-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/victoriasdaughte00pack/page/62 }}</ref>

The Territorial Legislature selected Beatrice as the county seat of Gage County in 1857.  The decision was challenged by [[Blue Springs, Nebraska|Blue Springs]], but was confirmed by the Legislature in 1859. In 1864, the Legislature dissolved the original Clay County (not the current [[Clay County, Nebraska]]), dividing its land between Gage and [[Lancaster County, Nebraska|Lancaster]] Counties. The addition of this ground in the north placed Beatrice near the center of the enlarged county, strengthening its claim to the county seat.<ref name=survey/>  It continues to hold that position today.<ref name=aboutgage/>

===Homestead Act===
In 1862, the U.S. Congress passed the [[Homestead Act of 1862|Homestead Act]], which allowed settlers to claim {{Convert|160|acre}} of government land for a nominal fee. The law went into effect on January 1, 1863.  Just after midnight on that day, [[Daniel Freeman (homesteader)|Daniel Freeman]] persuaded a clerk to open the local Land Office so that he could file a claim for a homestead located {{Convert|4|mi|sigfig=1}} west of Beatrice. His is regarded as the first of the 417 applications filed that day.<ref name=nythomestead/><ref name=archives/>

In 1936, Congress created [[Homestead National Monument of America]] on the site of Freeman's claim.<ref name=npshomestead/>

===Early development===
The Big Blue River was both a help and a hindrance to the development of Beatrice.  It provided the town with a water source, and produced ample power to operate the mills that were among the town's first industries.<ref name=andreas/><ref name=casde/>  However, it represented a major obstacle to travelers on the Oregon Trail route;<ref name=survey/> and floods frequently destroyed the dams and bridges in the area. Not until 1890 was a Big Blue bridge built in Beatrice that could survive for decades.<ref name=survey/><ref name=andreas/>

In 1871, the [[Burlington and Missouri River Railroad]] constructed a line from [[Lincoln, Nebraska]] to Beatrice. In 1879, the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] built a line joining Beatrice to [[Marysville, Kansas]]. By 1890, the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]] had also run tracks through Beatrice.<ref name=survey/>

On August 3, 1892, future president [[William McKinley]], then governor of Ohio, gave a campaign speech in Beatrice.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1892-08-03 |title=AN ADDRESS BY M'KINLEY; THOUSANDS LISTEN TO OHIO'S GOVERNOR AT BEATRICE. HE DEALS AT LENGTH WITH THE DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM AND UN- FOLDS THE NUMEROUS BLESSINGS OF A HIGH TARIFF -- PROTECTION, HE SATS, HAS VINDICATED ITSELF. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1892/08/03/archives/an-address-by-mkinley-thousands-listen-to-ohios-governor-at.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The former international foods conglomerate, [[Beatrice Foods]], (now a part of [[ConAgra Foods]]) was founded in Beatrice in 1894 as The Beatrice Creamery Company, by George Everett Haskell and [[William W. Bosworth]].

===Beatrice State Developmental Center===
In 1885, the Nebraska legislature enacted legislation to establish the Institution for Feeble Minded Youth near Beatrice, subject to the city's donating a suitable parcel of land.<ref name=histofgage/>{{rp|303}}  Beatrice donated 40 acres, located {{convert|2|mi|sigfig=1}} east of the city limits, and the first residents were admitted in 1887.<ref name=feeblenomform/>

Over the following decades, the institution expanded greatly. By 1935, there were 1171 residents living on {{convert|519|acre}}.  The institution was largely self-supporting, operating a farm on which the residents did much of the work; in 1935, {{convert|346|acre}} were under cultivation.<ref name=feeblenomform/>

In 1945, the institution was renamed the Beatrice State Home.<ref name=rename1/> Its resident population peaked at about 2300 in the late 1960s.<ref name=ljshist/>  From there it declined: new restrictions had been imposed on the use of unpaid labor by residents of institutions, and there was a national trend toward [[deinstitutionalization]].<ref name=feeblenomform/>  In 1975, the ''Horacek v. [[J. James Exon|Exon]]'' lawsuit was settled with a consent decree whereunder many of the residents of the Beatrice State Home were transferred to [[Community mental health service|community-based mental health facilities]].<ref name=horacek/>  In that year, the institution's name was changed to the current Beatrice State Developmental Center.<ref name=indictment/>

A 2006 investigation by the federal [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]] revealed a number of severe deficiencies at the Center;<ref name=fedmed/> after two years of appeals, the Center lost its [[Medicaid]] certification in 2009.<ref name=medicaid/>

As of 2011, the Center served about 175 clients.<ref name=bsdc/>  The majority had been diagnosed with "severe" or "profound" retardation; nearly all suffered from two or more other disabling conditions.<ref name=bsdc-demo1/><ref name=bsdc-demo2/>

On June 11, 2022 five separate tornadoes touched down here according to the radar as well as local officials.
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[[File:Detailed map of Beatrice, Nebraska.png|thumb|Beatrice and environs]]

==Geography==
Beatrice is located at {{Coord|40|16|6|N|96|44|35|W|type:city}} (40.268449, -96.743192).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|9.11|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|9.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.09|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-06-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 2447
|1890= 13836
|1900= 7875
|1910= 9356
|1920= 9664
|1930= 10297
|1940= 10883
|1950= 11813
|1960= 12132
|1970= 12389
|1980= 12891
|1990= 12354
|2000= 12496
|2010= 12459
|2020= 12261
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 16, 2013|author-link=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov| access-date=2023-09-16 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> counted 12,261 people, 5,550 households, and 2,907 families in Beatrice. The population density was 1,293.4 per square mile (499.4/km{{sup|2}}). There were 6,363 housing units at an average density of 671.2 per square mile (259.2/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup was 91.59% (11,230) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]], 1.04% (127) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black or African-American]], 0.55% (67) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.73% (89) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% (1) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.19% (146) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.9% (601) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 2.0% (345) of the population.

Of the 5,550 households, 20.6% had children under the age of 18; 39.4% were married couples living together; 34.4% had a female householder with no husband present. 41.5% of households consisted of individuals and 19.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8.

20.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 86.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov|access-date=2023-09-16|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> estimates show that the median household income was $42,103 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,670) and the median family income $59,107 (+/- $6,583). Males had a median income of $34,698 (+/- $3,160) versus $23,972 (+/- $6,964) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,124 (+/- $2,347). Approximately, 10.8% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.5% of those under the age of 18 and 15.1% of those ages 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref> of 2010, there were 12,459 people, 5,509 households, and 3,296 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1381.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 6,075 housing units at an average density of {{convert|673.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.5% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 5,509 households, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 42.6 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 20.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 12,496 people, 5,395 households, and 3,301 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,666.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 5,818 housing units at an average density of {{convert|776.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.50% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.34% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.45% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.33% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.30% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.05% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 5,395 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $33,735, and the median income for a family was $42,472. Males had a median income of $29,976 versus $21,303 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,816. About 7.0% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Area attractions==
* Beatrice Speedway
* Gage County Museum, housed in the 1906 Burlington Railroad Depot and operated by the Gage County Historical Society
* [[Homestead National Monument of America]]
* Homestead Trail
* Community Players Theatre

==Notable people==
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* [[George D. Baker]] (1868–1933), motion picture director of the [[silent film]] era
* The [[Beatrice Six]], a group of people wrongly convicted in 1989 of a 1985 rape and murder, exonerated in 2009
* [[Eudora Stone Bumstead]] (1860–1892), poet, hymnwriter
* [[Clara Bewick Colby]] (1846–1916), author
* [[Gene L. Coon]] (1924–1973), screenwriter and television producer
* [[Jim Faulkner]] (1899–1962), baseball player
* [[John P. Fulton]] (1902–1966), special effects supervisor and cinematographer
* [[Jim Gillette]] (b. 1967), glam metal rock musician and lead singer, most notably with Nitro
* [[Homestead Harmonizers]], chorus formed in 1988
* [[Peter Jansen (politician)|Peter Jansen]] (1852–1923), sheep rancher, [[Nebraska Legislature|Nebraska state representative and senator]]
* [[Weldon Kees]] (1914–1955), poet, critic, novelist, and short story writer
* [[Oliver Kirk]] (1884–1960), won two gold medals in boxing at the 1904 Summer Olympics
* [[Lou Ann Linehan]] (b. 1955), member of [[Nebraska Legislature]]
* [[Kevin Meyer (politician)|Kevin Meyer]] (b. 1956), [[Lieutenant Governor of Alaska]]
* [[Xavier Omon]] (b. 1985), NFL football player
* [[Algernon Paddock]] (1830–1897), U.S. Senator from Nebraska
* [[Pid Purdy]] (1904–1951), athlete who played both [[Major League Baseball]] and [[National Football League|National league football]]
* [[Janet Shaw (actress)|Janet Shaw]] (1919–2001), film actress
* [[Robert Taylor (American actor)|Robert Taylor]] (1911–1969), film and television actor
* [[Edward Wight Washburn]] (1881–1934), chemist
* [[Dora V. Wheelock]] (1847–1923), temperance activist and writer

==In popular culture==
Beatrice is the setting for ''[[The Gallows]]'', a 2015 [[found footage (pseudo-documentary)|found footage]] movie that was co-written, co-directed and co-produced by Chris Lofing, a graduate of Beatrice High School.<ref name=wolgamott/>

A popular story was circulated about a near-miss that occurred in Beatrice, when, at 7:25 pm on March 1, 1950, a church was destroyed by a natural gas explosion five minutes after a scheduled choir practice was to start, but no one was injured because all fifteen members were late, and thus not present at the time of the explosion. [[Snopes.com]] identified this as a true event.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mikkelson|first1=David|title=Choir Non-Quorum|url=http://www.snopes.com/luck/choir.asp}}</ref> It was covered in an episode of ''[[Unsolved Mysteries]]''.

In June 2022, [[HBO Max]] released a documentary series titled ''[[Mind Over Murder (TV series)|Mind Over Murder]]'' about the ''[[Beatrice Six]]'', a group of acquaintances who were falsely convicted of a 1985 rape and murder that took place in Beatrice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/beatrice-six-where-are-they-now-mind-over-murder-hbo-1717313|title='Mind Over Murder' HBO: Who Were the Beatrice Six and Where Are They Now?|last1=Mitchell|first1=Molli|publisher=[[Newsweek]]|date=June 20, 2022|accessdate=July 6, 2022}}</ref>

A 1970 science fiction novel "The House in November" by [[Keith Laumer]] takes place largely in Beatrice, Nebraska.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Gage County, Nebraska]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name=aboutgage>[http://www.gagecountynebraska.us/webpages/about/about.html "About Gage County".]  [http://www.gagecountynebraska.us/ Gage County website.]  Retrieved 2010-12-30.</ref>

<ref name=andreas>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021217010446/http://www.kancoll.org/books/andreas_ne/gage/gage-p1.html#early "Gage County".]  [https://web.archive.org/web/20021029043208/http://www.kancoll.org/books/andreas_ne/hon_tabl.html Andreas' History of the State of Nebraska.]  Retrieved 2010-12-29.</ref>

<ref name=archives>[https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act/ "Teaching With Documents: The Homestead Act of 1862".]  [https://www.archives.gov/education/ National Archives Teachers' Resources.]  Retrieved 2010-12-30.</ref>

<ref name=bsdc>[http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/dip/ded/bsdcindex.htm Beatrice State Developmental Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208155550/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/dip/ded/bsdcindex.htm |date=2006-02-08 }}.  [http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221042520/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm |date=2011-02-21 }}  Retrieved 2011-01-23.</ref>

<ref name=bsdc-demo1>[http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/dip/ded/bsdcdemog.htm "Beatrice State Developmental Center (BSDC) Demographics".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520160104/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/dip/ded/bsdcdemog.htm |date=2011-05-20 }}  [http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221042520/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm |date=2011-02-21 }}  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=bsdc-demo2>[http://www.das.state.ne.us/building/bsdc/bsdchistory.htm "Beatrice State Developmental Center History".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055939/http://www.das.state.ne.us/building/bsdc/bsdchistory.htm |date=2011-07-19 }}  [http://www.das.state.ne.us/building/index.htm Nebraska Department of Administrative Services Building Division.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230233007/http://www.das.state.ne.us/building/index.htm |date=2010-12-30 }}  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=casde>Sanny, Mary Lou.  [http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/counties/gage/beatrice/index.php "Beatrice—Gage County."]  [http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/index.php Nebraska... Our Towns.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123132824/http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/index.php |date=2011-11-23 }}  Retrieved 2010-12-29.</ref>

<ref name=citysite>[http://www.beatrice.ne.gov/ City of Beatrice website.]  Retrieved 2010-12-02.</ref>

<ref name=fedmed>[http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/newsroom/newsreleases/2006/September/bsdc.htm "Deficiencies Found at Beatrice State Developmental Center".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718193726/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/newsroom/newsreleases/2006/September/bsdc.htm |date=2011-07-18 }}  [http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221042520/http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/index.htm |date=2011-02-21 }}  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=feeblenomform>Ahlgren, Carol (1997).  {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120717054940/http://nebraskahistory.org/histpres/nebraska/gage/GA00-397_Beatrice_State_Fm.pdf "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Institution for Feeble Minded Youth Farm".]}}  {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19981111190309/http://nebraskahistory.org/ Nebraska State Historical Society.]}}  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=histofgage>Dobbs, Hugh Jackson (1918).  [https://archive.org/details/historyofgagecou01dobb <!-- quote="history of gage county, nebraska". --> ''History of Gage County, Nebraska''.]  Retrieved 2010-12-29.</ref>

<ref name=horacek>[http://www.clearinghouse.net/detail.php?id=469&search= ''Horacek v. Exon''.]  [http://www.clearinghouse.net/index.php University of Michigan Law School: The Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse.] Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=indictment>Center for Disability Rights, Law and Advocacy (2007).  [http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/H8035/B006-2007.pdf "An Indictment of Indifference".]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}  Note 23 on p. 12.  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=ljshist>Winter, Deena. [http://journalstar.com/news/local/article_f4a13721-2ca7-5174-9ce9-b5022116cce3.html "Olivia's story: How BSDC failed one of its most vulnerable".]  [http://journalstar.com/ ''Lincoln Journal Star''.]  2009-06-14.  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=medicaid>Hicks, Nancy.  [http://journalstar.com/news/local/article_234228c6-aa21-11de-bc69-001cc4c03286.html "BSDC loses Medicaid funding".]  [http://journalstar.com/ ''Lincoln Journal Star''.]  2009-09-25.  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=npshomestead>[http://www.nps.gov/home/historyculture/abouthomesteadactlaw.htm "About the Homestead Act".]  [http://www.nps.gov/home/ Homestead National Monument of America.]  Retrieved 2010-12-30.</ref>

<ref name=nythomestead>Davey, Monica.  [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/26/us/26revenue.html?_r=1 "Cities View Homesteads as a Source of Income".]  [https://www.nytimes.com/ ''New York Times''.]  2010-07-25.  Retrieved 2010-12-30.</ref>

<ref name=pronunciation>[http://www.ap.org/nebraska/pronunciation.htm Nebraska Pronunciation Guide.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312013606/http://www.ap.org/nebraska/pronunciation.htm |date=2010-03-12 }}  [http://www.ap.org/nebraska/index.html Associated Press.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310084325/http://www.ap.org/nebraska/index.html |date=2010-03-10 }}  [https://web.archive.org/web/20100312013606/http://www.ap.org/nebraska/pronunciation.htm Archived 2010-03-12] at Wayback Machine.  Retrieved 2010-03-06.</ref>

<ref name=rename1>[http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/docs/hhsshistory2-01.pdf "Nebraska Health and Human Services System Chronological History".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218092615/http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/docs/HHSShistory2-01.pdf |date=February 18, 2006 }}  [http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/ Nebraska Library Commission.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113011315/http://www.nlc.state.ne.us/ |date=November 13, 2010 }}  Retrieved 2011-01-02.</ref>

<ref name=survey>Kay, John, Lonnie Dickson, Robert Kay and Katherine Fimple.  {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061116014853/http://www.nebraskahistory.org/histpres/reports/gage_county.pdf "Nebraska Historic Buildings Survey: Reconnaissance Survey Final Report of Gage County, Nebraska".]}}  {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19990129073714/http://www.nebraskahistory.org/index.htm Nebraska State Historical Society.]}}  Retrieved 2010-12-29.</ref>

<ref name=wolgamott>{{cite news|last1=Wolgamott|first1=L. Kent|title=Beatrice native's debut film 'The Gallows' to hit theaters|url=http://journalstar.com/entertainment/movies/beatrice-native-s-debut-film-the-gallows-to-hit-theaters/article_9a77e50c-3366-5948-92e9-f2b893a401b7.html|access-date=13 July 2015|publisher=Lincoln Journal Star}}</ref>

</references>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Beatrice, Nebraska}}
* [https://www.beatrice.ne.gov/ City of Beatrice]
* [http://www.visitbeatrice.com/ Gage County tourism]
* [http://www.mainstreetbeatrice.org/ Main Street Beatrice] is a 501 (c)(3) organization accredited as a Certified National Main Street Program, a branch of the National Trust for Historic Preservation ([[Main Street Programs in the United States]]).

{{Gage County, Nebraska}}
{{Nebraska}}
{{Nebraska county seats}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Nebraska]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Nebraska]]
[[Category:Cities in Gage County, Nebraska]]
[[Category:County seats in Nebraska]]